WO2016106631A1 - 天线系统和波束控制方法 - Google Patents

天线系统和波束控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016106631A1
WO2016106631A1 PCT/CN2014/095785 CN2014095785W WO2016106631A1 WO 2016106631 A1 WO2016106631 A1 WO 2016106631A1 CN 2014095785 W CN2014095785 W CN 2014095785W WO 2016106631 A1 WO2016106631 A1 WO 2016106631A1
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Prior art keywords
array
sub
antenna
antenna system
amplitude weighting
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PCT/CN2014/095785
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蔡华
邹克利
黄国龙
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to CN201480082034.8A priority Critical patent/CN106716720B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/095785 priority patent/WO2016106631A1/zh
Publication of WO2016106631A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016106631A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to an antenna system and a beam steering method.
  • Phased array antennas are widely used in millimeter wave wireless communication systems due to their high gain and scanability.
  • the improvement of beam pointing accuracy is a difficult point of the array antenna, especially for phased array antennas.
  • the phased array antenna uses a digital phase shifter that shifts the beam direction of the array antenna from one direction to the other in a matter of milliseconds.
  • the phased array antenna includes a large number of radiating elements, and each radiating element needs to use a corresponding phase shifter, and the system is complicated; and the digital phase shifter cannot continuously phase shift, affecting the antenna beam pointing, and reducing the beam pointing of the antenna. Precision.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an antenna system and a beam control method with low complexity and capable of accurately pointing multiple beams.
  • an antenna system comprising:
  • An array feed comprising a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, each antenna sub-array comprising two or more radiating elements, each radiating element capable of radiating electromagnetic waves to the focusing device;
  • a sub-array exchange matrix configured to switch and select at least one antenna sub-array in the plurality of antenna sub-arrays
  • Subarray amplitude weighting and power division network for amplitude weighting the radiating elements in the selected antenna sub-array
  • a beam control channel configured to send sub-array exchange configuration information, so that the sub-array exchange matrix switches and selects at least one antenna sub-array according to the sub-array exchange configuration information; and the beam control channel is further configured to send the selected antenna sub-frame Amplitude weighting configuration information of each radiating element of the array such that the subarray amplitude weighting and power dividing network performs amplitude weighting for the radiating elements in the selected antenna sub-array according to the amplitude weighting configuration information.
  • the antenna system Also included is a plurality of transceiver units for transmitting signals to respective antenna sub-arrays or receiving signals of respective antenna sub-arrays.
  • the antenna system further includes a signal processing module, where the signal processing module is configured to output a number of beams, The beam number and the beam angle are used to activate a corresponding number of transceiver units.
  • the signal processing module is further configured to calculate an antenna sub-array number and an amplitude weighting coefficient corresponding to the beam number according to the number of beams and the beam angle.
  • the antenna system further includes a plurality of converters connected to the signal processing module, Each of the converters is connected to the plurality of transceiver units for performing digital-to-analog conversion on the data sent by the signal processing module, and outputting the data to the transceiver unit or performing analog-to-digital conversion on the data fed back by the transceiver unit. Output to the signal processing module.
  • the array feed is located in a focus area of the focusing device, the focus The distance between the boundary point of the region and the focus of the focusing device is less than a preset first threshold.
  • the focusing device comprises any one of the following: an elliptical lens, a spherical shape Lens, hemispherical lens, convex lens.
  • each sub-array amplitude weighting and power division network includes a power allocation/synthesis network and At least two variable amplitude units; the variable amplitude unit is configured to perform amplitude weighting on corresponding radiation units in the antenna sub-array, and the power distribution/synthesis network is configured to combine signals output by the variable amplitude units Or assigning weighting coefficients to the variable amplitude units according to the control signals output by the beam control channels.
  • the number of the variable amplitude units of the sub-array amplitude weighting and the power division network is less than or equal to the corresponding antenna The number of radiating elements of the subarray.
  • variable amplitude unit comprises an adjustable attenuator or a variable gain amplifier.
  • the power distribution/synthesis network is a wilkinson power splitter or a coupled line bridge.
  • the radiating unit of the antenna sub-array comprises a planar integrated antenna or a non-planar antenna, There are no shared radiating elements between different antenna subarrays.
  • the sub-array amplitude weighting and power division network is connected to the transceiver unit and the sub-array exchange matrix between.
  • the sub-array exchange matrix is connected to the transceiver unit and the sub-array amplitude weighting and work Between the networks.
  • the antenna sub-array and the signal processing module are A plurality of transceiver channels for transmitting data, the number of the transceiver channels being less than or equal to the number of the antenna sub-arrays.
  • each antenna sub-array can cover one beam scanning area, and when the beam pointing range of one antenna sub-array is smaller than the beam angle change amount,
  • the beam control channel controls the sub-array switching matrix to switch to another antenna sub-array with a range of beam steering requirements to achieve high-angle beam switching.
  • the sub-array amplitude weighting and the function are controlled by the beam control channel in the selected one antenna sub-array
  • the beam control channel in the selected one antenna sub-array By dividing the amplitude weighting value of the network, it is possible to realize continuous movement between discrete angles generated when the beam is driven by a single radiating element, thereby realizing high-precision beam steering.
  • a beam steering method for use in an antenna system, the antenna system comprising a focusing device having an electromagnetic wave focusing function and an array feed for radiating electromagnetic waves to the focusing device, the array feeding
  • the source includes a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, each antenna sub-array comprising two or more radiating elements, and the beam steering method includes:
  • the beam control method further includes: outputting control information before transmitting the sub-array exchange configuration information, and calculating an antenna sub-array number and the antenna according to the control information
  • the amplitude weighting coefficient of the sub-array; the control information includes the number of beams, the beam number, and the beam angle.
  • the beam control method further includes: after outputting the control information, activating the corresponding number of transceivers according to the number of beams The channel and the beam number are bound to the corresponding transceiver channel.
  • the sub-array exchange configuration information includes an antenna sub-array number to be selected, and maps a number of the transceiver unit corresponding to the antenna sub-array.
  • each antenna sub-array can cover one beam scanning area, when a beam pointing range of one antenna sub-array is smaller than a beam angle change amount,
  • the beam control channel controls the sub-array switching matrix to switch to another antenna sub-array with a range of beam steering requirements to achieve high-angle beam switching.
  • the sub-array amplitude weighting and the power division network are controlled by the beam control channel in the selected one of the antenna sub-arrays
  • the amplitude weighting value can realize continuous movement between discrete angles generated when the beam is driven by a single radiating element, realizing high-precision beam control.
  • the antenna system and the beam control method provided by the embodiments of the present invention first use the sub-array exchange matrix to select an antenna sub-array to implement coarse allocation of multiple beams; and then use the amplitude weighting and the power division network to select the selected
  • the radiating elements of the antenna sub-array are amplitude-weighted to achieve precise pointing of multiple beams; without using a phase shifter, the complexity of the system can be reduced and multi-beam precise pointing can be achieved.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic block diagram of an antenna system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows another schematic block diagram of the antenna system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the division of the antenna sub-array of the array feed of FIG. 1 or FIG.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the positional relationship between the focusing device and the feed of the antenna system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a specific composition diagram of the sub-array amplitude weighting and power division network in FIG. 1 or FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the three-dimensional arrangement of the radiation unit of the array feed of FIG. 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a high angle beam scan of an antenna system of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of a small angle beam scan of an antenna system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a beam steering method of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • An antenna is an electronic device used to transmit or receive radio waves or electromagnetic waves. Physically, an antenna is a combination of one or more conductors that can generate a radiated electromagnetic field due to an applied alternating voltage and associated alternating current, or can be placed in an electromagnetic wave due to field sensing. An alternating current is generated inside the antenna and an alternating voltage is generated at its terminal. The bandwidth of an antenna refers to the frequency range over which it operates.
  • Antenna gain refers to the same input power, the power density ratio of the signal generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiating element (anisotropic antenna) at the same point in space, which quantitatively describes an antenna that concentrates the input power. degree. That is, the antenna gain is used to measure the ability of the antenna to transmit and receive signals in a specific direction. It is one of the important parameters for selecting a base station antenna.
  • the antenna gain is closely related to the antenna radiation pattern.
  • the narrower the main lobe of the radiation pattern the smaller the side lobes and the higher the antenna gain.
  • the antenna radiation pattern is a graphic description of the relative field strength of the antenna transmitted or received.
  • the antenna radiation pattern may also be referred to as an antenna pattern and a far field pattern.
  • the directionality of a single antenna is limited. For applications suitable for various occasions, two or more single antennas operating at the same frequency are fed and spatially arranged according to certain requirements.
  • An array of antennas also called an array of antennas.
  • the antenna radiating elements constituting the antenna array are called array elements.
  • the working principle of the antenna array can be regarded as the superposition of electromagnetic waves.
  • the electromagnetic waves will generate a vector superposition.
  • the result of the superposition is related not only to the magnitude of the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves of each column but also to the phase difference between them in the encountering interval.
  • the spatial phase difference caused by the electromagnetic waves emitted by the transmitting antennas located at different positions to the same receiving area will inevitably cause the following two situations in the series of electromagnetic waves: in-phase superposition, total field strength enhancement; anti-phase superposition
  • the total field strength is weakened. If the total field strength enhancement and the weakened area remain relatively fixed in space, it is equivalent to changing the radiation field structure of a single antenna with an antenna array, that is, the antenna array changes the principle of the radiation field size and directivity.
  • an antenna system includes:
  • Focusing device 10 capable of focusing electromagnetic waves or emitting electromagnetic waves emitted by radiation units at a focus in parallel directions;
  • Array feed 20 includes a plurality of antenna sub-arrays (see FIG. 3), each antenna sub-array comprising two or more radiating elements, each radiating element capable of effectively radiating or receiving radio waves;
  • the unit comprises a planar integrated antenna such as a patch, a slit, a ring, a Yagi, etc.; there is no shared radiation unit between the different sub-arrays;
  • a sub-array exchange matrix 30 for switching one or more antenna sub-arrays in the array feed 20; the selected antenna sub-array can be used to transmit or receive radio waves, and the unselected antenna sub-arrays are temporarily Not working;
  • the transceiver unit 50 is configured to receive or transmit a signal, and the transceiver unit 50 is composed of an amplifier, a mixer, a frequency synthesizer, a filter, a switch, and an attenuator.
  • the converter 60 is connected to a corresponding transceiver unit 50.
  • the converter 60 has a D/A (Digital to Analog) conversion and an A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion function.
  • the analog signal received from the corresponding transceiver unit 50 is converted into a digital signal output to the signal processing module 70, and the digital signal output by the signal processing module 70 can be converted into an analog signal output to the corresponding transceiver unit 50;
  • the signal processing module 70 is configured to send a signal to control a beam transmitted by the antenna system, and can also be used to process a transceiver signal of the antenna system.
  • the signal processing module 70 includes a DSP (digital signal processor) or the like. a chip with digital signal processing function;
  • the beam control channel 80 is connected to the signal processing module 70, the subarray amplitude weighting and power division network 40, and the sub-array exchange matrix 30; the beam control channel 80 is configured to send sub-array exchange configuration information to the The sub-array exchange matrix 30 is configured to enable the sub-array exchange matrix 30 to switch one or more antenna sub-arrays according to the sub-array exchange configuration information, thereby implementing beam coarse allocation; the beam control channel 80 is further configured to transmit the current Selecting amplitude-weighted configuration information of each radiating element of the sub-array, so that the sub-array amplitude weighting and power dividing network 40 performs amplitude weighting on the radiating elements in the currently selected antenna sub-array according to the amplitude-weighted configuration information, thereby Control the precise pointing of the beam.
  • the sub-array exchange configuration information includes the number of the sub-array to be selected, and maps the number of the transceiver unit corresponding to the sub-array to be instructed to indicate that the sub-array exchange matrix 30 switches and selects the corresponding antenna sub-array, and uses the corresponding The transceiver channel transmits signals.
  • the sub-array exchange matrix 30 of the antenna system is coupled between the array feed 20 and the sub-array amplitude weighting and power division network 40, the sub-array exchange matrix 30 and the signal processing module.
  • a plurality of parallel transceiver channels 90 are connected between the groups 70.
  • the number of the transceiver channels 90 is less than or equal to the number of antenna sub-arrays of the array feed 20, and each transceiver channel 90 includes sub-array amplitude weights sequentially connected in series.
  • the power split network 40, the transceiver unit 50 and the converter 60; the sub-array amplitude weighting and power division network 40 is connected between the sub-array exchange matrix 30 and the corresponding transceiver unit 50, and the converter 60 is connected.
  • the sub-array switching operation may be performed first, and then the amplitude weighting and signal combining operations of the radiating elements of the selected antenna sub-array are performed.
  • the sub-array exchange matrix 30 of the antenna system is not directly connected to the array feed 20, and the connection between the array feed 20 and the sub-array exchange matrix 30 is Subarray amplitude weighting and power division network 40.
  • amplitude-weighting and signal combining operations may be performed on each radiating element of each antenna sub-array, and then the antenna sub-array is switched.
  • FIG. 4 shows the positional relationship of the focusing device 10 and the array feed 20.
  • the array feed 20 is located in a focus area 210 of the focusing device 10, the distance between the boundary point of the focus area 210 and the focus of the focusing device 10 is less than a first threshold to the array feed 20 The position is limited to the vicinity of the focus of the focusing device 10.
  • the focusing device 10 is a physical unit having electromagnetic wave convergence characteristics, including a convex lens, a spherical or hemispherical lens, and a planar structure having a similar function.
  • the subarray amplitude weighting and power division network 40 package A power distribution/synthesis network 44 and at least two variable amplitude units 42 are included.
  • the variable amplitude unit 42 includes an adjustable attenuator, a gain variable amplifier, and the like.
  • the power distribution/synthesis network 44 may be a passive power distribution network, such as a Wilkinson power splitter, a coupled line bridge, etc.; the power split/synthesis network 44 may also have a power split/synthesis function Active circuit.
  • the number of the variable amplitude units 42 is less than or equal to the number of radiating elements of the corresponding sub-array for amplitude weighting the radiating elements in the corresponding sub-array; the power distribution/synthesis network 44 is configured to The signals output from the variable amplitude unit 42 are subjected to a combining process or a weighting coefficient is assigned to each variable amplitude unit 42 according to a control signal output from the beam control channel 80.
  • Figure 6 shows the arrangement of the radiating elements of the array feed 20.
  • the radiation unit included in the array feed 20 is arranged and integrated in a three-dimensional space, and the radiation unit of each antenna sub-array of the array feed 20 can also adopt a three-dimensional spatial arrangement manner. It is convenient to provide a larger number of radiating elements near the focus of the focusing device 10, which can overcome the loss of the gain and the side lobe performance when the radiating element arranged in a plane or a straight line is out of focus.
  • the radiating unit arranged in a three-dimensional space may be a flat type, and a radiation unit may be integrated by using a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) or a LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic);
  • the radiation unit arranged in a three-dimensional space may also adopt a non-planar antenna such as a horn antenna.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 respectively show schematic diagrams of large angle beam scanning and small angle scanning of the above antenna system.
  • the plurality of antenna sub-arrays shown in FIG. 7 each cover one beam scanning area, and the beam control channel 80 transmits sub-array exchange configuration information to the sub-array switching matrix 30, so that the sub-array exchange matrix 30 is exchanged according to the sub-array.
  • the configuration information is switched to select the antenna sub-array; when the sub-array exchange matrix 30 switches to select different antenna sub-arrays, large-angle scanning and beam coarse allocation can be realized.
  • the selected antenna sub-array is connected to the activated sub-array amplitude weighting and power division network 40, and the transceiver channel 50 corresponding to the selected antenna sub-array can be selected; when the sub-array beam pointing range (for example, 0) When the temperature is less than the beam angle change (for example, 60°), the sub-array switch matrix 30 is controlled by the beam control channel 80 to change the sub-array port connected to the sub-array amplitude weighting and synthesis network 40 to realize the high-angle beam. Switch.
  • the beam pointing ranges of the subarray 1, the subarray 2, the subarray 3, and the subarray 4 are 0° to 45°, 45° to 90°, 90° to 135°, and 135, respectively. ° ⁇ 180 °.
  • the sub-array exchange matrix 30 is switched from the port of the sub-array 1 to the port of the sub-array 2, To control the beam in subarray 2 The beam is pointed in the range of 45° to 90°.
  • the beam can be continuously moved between discrete angles when the single radiating element is driven. It can realize small angle beam scanning and high precision beam control.
  • the required beam angle is 60°
  • the sub-array 2 is selected, the beam pointing has been roughly controlled within the range of 45° to 90°, and then the radiating elements in the sub-array 2 are amplitude-weighted so that the sub-array 2 The beam is precisely pointed at 60°.
  • the two different radiating elements are separately weight-weighted to generate different directed beams beam1, beam2; if the two radiating elements are simultaneously assigned amplitude weighting coefficients and amplitude-weighted, then A composite beam beam3 is generated, wherein the beam directions of beam1, beam2, and beam3 are different, but are all within the beam pointing range of the selected antenna array.
  • the antenna system includes a focusing device 10 having a beam focusing function and an array feed 20 for radiating electromagnetic waves to the focusing device 10,
  • the array feed 20 includes a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, each of which includes two or more radiating elements, and the beam steering method includes:
  • the signal processing module 70 of the antenna system outputs control information such as the number of beams, the beam number, and the beam angle; for example, the number of beams is 2, the beam numbers are 1, 2, and the beam angles are 30° and 60°, respectively.
  • S02 activate a corresponding number of transceiver channels according to the number of beams; for example, when the required number of beams is 2, two transceiver channels need to be activated;
  • S03 Calculate an antenna sub-array number corresponding to the beam number and an amplitude weighting coefficient of the antenna sub-array; for example, if the beam number is 1 and the beam angle is 30°, the corresponding antenna sub-array number is calculated as 1; or the beam number is 2 and the beam angle is 60°, then calculate the corresponding antenna sub-array number is 2;
  • S04 Binding the beam number to the corresponding transceiver channel, and transmitting and receiving signals of the corresponding antenna sub-array through the transceiver channel;
  • the sub-array exchange matrix configuration information is sent by using the beam control channel 80.
  • the sub-array exchange configuration information includes the calculated antenna sub-array number, and mapping the number of the transceiver unit corresponding to the candidate antenna sub-array. Instructing the sub-array exchange matrix 30 to switch and select a corresponding antenna sub-array, and transmitting signals by using corresponding transceiving channels;
  • S06 Switching and selecting an antenna sub-array according to the sub-array exchange matrix configuration information, thereby implementing multi-beam coarse allocation
  • S08 Perform amplitude weighting on the radiation unit in the currently selected antenna sub-array according to the amplitude weighting configuration information, thereby implementing multi-beam precise pointing.
  • each antenna sub-array can cover one beam scanning area.
  • the antenna beam sub-array with another beam coverage angle is selected to meet the required antenna sub-array to achieve large Angle beam switching.
  • the invention adopts a switchable sub-array feed antenna to excite the focusing device, and the sub-array adopts amplitude weighting to realize fine beam adjustment, and the number of transceiver channels is lower than the number of antenna radiating elements, thereby greatly reducing the number of radio frequency channels; fine beam in the sub-array In the adjustment, only the amplitude weighting is adopted, which avoids the use of the phase shifter and further reduces the complexity of the system; and the three-dimensional arrangement of the radiating elements in the array feed effectively reduces the defocus and improves the performance degradation in the large off-angle beamforming.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, or an electrical, mechanical or other form of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention contributes in essence or to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions.
  • a computer device which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

Abstract

本发明揭示了一种天线系统及其波束控制方法，能精确控制波束指向。该天线系统包括：聚焦设备，具有电磁波聚焦功能；阵列馈源，包括多个天线子阵，每个天线子阵包括两个或两个以上的辐射单元，每一辐射单元均能辐射电磁波至所述聚焦设备；子阵交换矩阵，用于在所述多个天线子阵中切换选择至少一个天线子阵；子阵幅度加权及功分网络，用于为被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权；及波束控制通道，用于发送子阵交换配置信息，以使所述子阵交换矩阵根据该子阵交换配置信息切换选择至少一个天线子阵；所述波束控制通道还用于发送被选的天线子阵的各辐射单元的幅度加权配置信息，以使所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络根据所述幅度加权配置信息为被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权。

Description

天线系统和波束控制方法 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信领域，更具体地，涉及一种天线系统和波束控制方法。
背景技术
相控阵天线因其高增益、可扫描等特性，广泛的应用于毫米波无线通信系统中。波束指向精度的提高是阵列天线的一个难点，对相控阵天线更是如此。相控阵天线采用的数字移相器，可以在若干毫秒的时间内，把阵列天线的波束指向由一个方向转移至另一个方向。然而，在相控阵天线包括大量的辐射单元，每个辐射单元均需使用相应的移相器，系统复杂；而且数字移相器不能连续移相，影响天线波束指向，降低了天线的波束指向精度。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种复杂度较低且能实现多波束精确指向的天线系统和波束控制方法。
第一方面，提供了一种天线系统，包括：
聚焦设备，具有电磁波聚焦功能；
阵列馈源，包括多个天线子阵，每个天线子阵包括两个或两个以上的辐射单元，每一辐射单元均能辐射电磁波至所述聚焦设备；
子阵交换矩阵，用于在所述多个天线子阵中切换选择至少一个天线子阵；
子阵幅度加权及功分网络，用于为被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权；及
波束控制通道，用于发送子阵交换配置信息，以使所述子阵交换矩阵根据该子阵交换配置信息切换选择至少一个天线子阵；所述波束控制通道还用于发送被选的天线子阵的各辐射单元的幅度加权配置信息，以使所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络根据所述幅度加权配置信息为被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式中，所述天线系统 还包括多个收发信单元，用于发送信号至相应的天线子阵或接收相应的天线子阵的信号。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实施方式中，所述天线系统还包括信号处理模组，所述信号处理模组用于输出波束数量、波束编号及波束角度，以激活相应数量的收发信单元；所述信号处理模组还用于根据所述波束数量、波束角度计算波束编号对应的天线子阵号及幅度加权系数。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实施方式中，所述天线系统还包括与所述信号处理模组相连的多个转换器，所述多个转换器分别与所述多个收发信单元相连，用于将所述信号处理模组发出的数据进行数模转换后输出给收发信单元或将收发信单元反馈来的数据进行模数转换后输出给所述信号处理模组。
结合第一方面的第一至第三其中任一种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实施方式中，所述阵列馈源位于所述聚焦设备的焦点区域，所述焦点区域的边界点与所述聚焦设备的焦点之间的距离小于预设的第一阈值。
结合第一方面的第一至第四其中任一种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第五种可能的实施方式中，所述聚焦设备包括下列设备中的任一种：椭圆透镜、球形透镜、半球透镜、凸面透镜。
结合第一方面的第一至第五其中任一种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第六种可能的实施方式中，每一子阵幅度加权及功分网络包括功率分配/合成网络及至少两个可变幅度单元；所述可变幅度单元用于对天线子阵中的相应辐射单元进行幅度加权，所述功率分配/合成网络用于对各可变幅度单元输出的信号进行合并处理或将根据所述波束控制通道输出的控制信号为各可变幅度单元分配加权系数。
结合第一方面的第六种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第七种可能的实施方式中，所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络的可变幅度单元的数量小于或等于相应的天线子阵的辐射单元的数量。
结合第一方面的第六种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第八种可能的实施方式中，所述可变幅度单元包括可调衰减器或增益可变放大器。
结合第一方面的第八种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第九种可能的实 施方式中，所述功率分配/合成网络是wilkinson功分器或耦合线电桥。
结合第一方面的第一至第九其中任一种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第十种可能的实施方式中，所述天线子阵的辐射单元包括平面集成天线或非平面天线，不同天线子阵间没有共用的辐射单元。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第十一种可能的实施方式中，所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络连接于所述收发信单元及子阵交换矩阵之间。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第十二种可能的实施方式中，所述子阵交换矩阵连接于所述收发信单元及所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络之间。
结合第一方面的第一至第十二其中任一种可能的实施方式，在第一方面的第十三种可能的实施方式中，所述天线子阵与所述信号处理模组之间有多个用于传输数据的收发信通道，所述收发信通道的数量小于或等于所述天线子阵的数量。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第十四种可能的实施方式中，每一天线子阵能覆盖一个波束扫描区域，当一个天线子阵的波束指向范围小于波束角度的改变量时，所述波束控制通道控制子阵交换矩阵切换至另一波束指向范围满足要求的天线子阵，以实现大角度波束切换。
结合第一方面的第十四种可能的实施方式中，在第一方面的第十五种可能的实施方式中，在选定的一个天线子阵中通过波束控制通道控制子阵幅度加权及功分网络的幅度加权值，即可实现波束在单个辐射单元驱动时生成的离散角度间连续移动，实现高精度波束控制。
第二方面，提供了一种波束控制方法，应用于一天线系统中，所述天线系统包括具有电磁波聚焦功能的聚焦设备及用于辐射电磁波至所述聚焦设备的阵列馈源，所述阵列馈源包括多个天线子阵，每个天线子阵包括两个或两个以上的辐射单元，所述波束控制方法包括：
发送子阵交换配置信息；
根据该子阵交换配置信息切换选择天线子阵；
发送被选子阵的各辐射单元的幅度加权配置信息；及
根据所述幅度加权配置信息为被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能的实施方式中，所述波束控制方法还包括在发送子阵交换配置信息之前输出控制信息并根据控制信息计算出天线子阵号及该天线子阵的幅度加权系数；所述控制信息包括波束数量、波束编号及波束角度。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实施方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实施方式中，所述波束控制方法还包括在输出所述控制信息之后根据波束数量激活相应数量的收发信通道并将波束编号与相应的收发信通道绑定。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第三种可能的实施方式中，所述子阵交换配置信息包括要选的天线子阵号，并映射与该天线子阵相应的收发信单元的编号。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第三种可能的实施方式中，每一天线子阵能覆盖一个波束扫描区域，当一个天线子阵的波束指向范围小于波束角度的改变量时，所述波束控制通道控制子阵交换矩阵切换至另一波束指向范围满足要求的天线子阵，以实现大角度波束切换。
结合第二方面的第三种可能的实施方式，在第二方面的第四种可能的实施方式中，在选定的一个天线子阵中通过波束控制通道控制子阵幅度加权及功分网络的幅度加权值，即可实现波束在单个辐射单元驱动时生成的离散角度间连续移动，实现高精度波束控制。
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例提供的天线系统和波束控制方法，先利用子阵交换矩阵选择天线子阵，实现多波束的粗分配；再利用幅度加权及功分网络对被选择的天线子阵的辐射单元进行幅度加权，实现多波束精确指向；无需使用移相器，能降低系统的复杂度并实现多波束精确指向。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出了本发明天线系统的一示意性框图。
图2示出了本发明天线系统的另一示意性框图。
图3示出了图1或图2中阵列馈源的天线子阵的划分示意图。
图4示出了本发明天线系统的聚焦设备与馈源的位置关系示意图。
图5示出了图1或图2中子阵幅度加权及功分网络的具体组成图。
图6示出了图5中阵列馈源的辐射单元的三维排布方式示意图。
图7示出了本发明天线系统的大角度波束扫描示意图。
图8示出了本发明天线系统的小角度波束扫描示意图。
图9示出了本发明实施例的天线系统的波束控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行较为清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了方便理解本发明实施例中的技术方案，首先在此介绍几个相关的概念；
1)天线
天线是一种用来发射或接收无线电波或电磁波的电子器件。从物理上将，天线是一个或多个导体的组合，由它可因施加的交变电压和相关联交变电流而产生辐射的电磁场，或者可以将它放置在电磁波中，由于场的感应而在天线内部产生交变电流并在其终端产生交变电压。天线的带宽是指它有效工作的频率范围。
2)天线增益
天线增益指的是，相同的输入功率，实际天线与理想的辐射单元(无向性天线)分别在空间同一点处所产生的信号的功率密度比值，它定量地描述一个天线把输入功率集中辐射的程度。即天线增益是用来衡量天线朝一个特定方向收发信号的能力，它是选择基站天线的一个重要参数之一。
天线增益与天线辐射方向图有密切关系。辐射方向图主瓣越窄，副瓣越小，天线增益越高。其中，天线辐射方向图是天线发射或接收相对场强度的图形描述，该天线辐射方向图也可称之为天线方向图、远场方向图。
3)天线阵列
单个天线的方向性是有限的，为适合各种场合的应用，将工作在同一频率的两个或两个以上的单个天线，按照一定的要求进行馈电和空间排列，构 成天线阵列，也叫天线阵。构成天线阵的天线辐射单元称为阵元。
天线阵列的工作原理：可以看作是电磁波的叠加，对几列电磁波来讲，当它们传到同一区域时，按照叠加原理，电磁波将产生矢量叠加。叠加的结果，不仅与各列电磁波的振幅大小有关，而与它们在相遇区间内相互之间的相位差有关。位于不同位置上的发射天线所发出的电磁波传到同一接收区域造成的空间相位出现差别，必然引起几列电磁波在相遇区域出现下列两种情况：同相位叠加，总场强增强；反相位叠加，总场强削弱。若总场强的增强和削弱区域在空间保持相对固定，就相当于用天线阵改变了单个天线的辐射场结构，即天线阵改变了辐射场大小和方向性的原理。
请参阅图1至图3，在本发明实施例中，一种天线系统包括：
聚焦设备10，能使电磁波聚焦或使焦点处的辐射单元发出的电磁波沿平行的方向射出；
阵列馈源20，包括多个天线子阵(见图3)，每个天线子阵包括两个或两个以上的辐射单元，每一辐射单元均能有效地辐射或接收无线电波；所述辐射单元包括贴片、缝隙、环形、Yagi等可平面集成的天线；所述不同子阵间没有共用的辐射单元；
子阵交换矩阵30，用于切换选择所述阵列馈源20中的一个或多个天线子阵；被选的天线子阵能够用于发射或接收无线电波，未被选择的天线子阵则暂时不工作；
子阵幅度加权及功分网络40，用于为当前被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权；
收发信单元50，用于接收或发送信号，该收发信单元50由放大器、混频器、频率综合器、滤波器、开关、衰减器全部或部分构成；
转换器60，与相应的收发信单元50相连，该转换器60具有D/A(Digital to Analog，数字转模拟)转换及A/D(Analog to Digital，模拟转数字)转换功能，能将其从相应的收发信单元50接收的模拟信号转换为数字信号输出至信号处理模组70，还能将信号处理模组70输出的数字信号转换为模拟信号输出至相应的收发信单元50；
信号处理模组70，用于发出信号控制该天线系统发射的波束，还可用于处理该天线系统的收发信号；所述信号处理模组70包括DSP(digital signal processor，数字信号处理器)或其它具有数字信号处理功能的芯片；
波束控制通道80,与所述信号处理模组70、所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络40及所述子阵交换矩阵30相连；该波束控制通道80用于发送子阵交换配置信息至所述子阵交换矩阵30，以使所述子阵交换矩阵30根据该子阵交换配置信息切换选择一个或多个天线子阵，从而实现波束粗分配；该波束控制通道80还用于发送当前被选子阵的各辐射单元的幅度加权配置信息，以使所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络40根据所述幅度加权配置信息为当前被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权，从而控制波束的精确指向。所述子阵交换配置信息包括待选子阵的编号，并映射与待选子阵相应的收发信单元的编号，以指示所述子阵交换矩阵30切换选择相应的天线子阵，并利用相应的收发信通道传输信号。
在图1所示的实施例中，所述天线系统的子阵交换矩阵30连接于阵列馈源20与子阵幅度加权及功分网络40之间，所述子阵交换矩阵30与信号处理模组70之间连接有多个并列的收发信通道90，收发信通道90的数量小于或等于阵列馈源20的天线子阵数量，每一收发信通道90包括依次串联连接的子阵幅度加权及功分网络40、收发信单元50及转换器60；所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络40连接于所述子阵交换矩阵30及相应的收发信单元50之间，所述转换器60连接于相应的收发信单元50及所述信号处理模组70之间。图1所示的天线系统工作时，可以先执子阵切换操作，再对选择的天线子阵的各辐射单元进行幅度加权及信号合并操作。
在图2所示的另一实施例中，所述天线系统的子阵交换矩阵30未直接与所述阵列馈源20相连，所述阵列馈源20与子阵交换矩阵30之间连接有多个子阵幅度加权及功分网络40。图2所示的天线系统工作时，可以先对各天线子阵的各辐射单元进行幅度加权及信号合并操作，再切换选择天线子阵。
图4示出了所述聚焦设备10与所述阵列馈源20的位置关系。所述阵列馈源20位于所述聚焦设备10的焦点区域210，所述焦点区域210的边界点与所述聚焦设备10的焦点之间的距离小于第一阈值，以将所述阵列馈源20的位置限制在所述聚焦设备10的焦点附近。
所述聚焦设备10为具有电磁波汇聚特性的物理单元，包括凸面透镜、球形或半球形透镜以及具有类似功能的平面结构。
在图5所示的一具体实施方式中，所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络40包 括功率分配/合成网络44及至少两个可变幅度单元42。所述可变幅度单元42包括可调衰减器、增益可变放大器等。所述功率分配/合成网络44可为无源功率分配网络，如威尔金森(wilkinson)功分器、耦合线电桥等；所述功率分配/合成网络44也可以是有功率分配/合成功能的有源电路。
所述可变幅度单元42的数量小于或等于相应子阵的辐射单元的个数，用于对相应子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权；所述功率分配/合成网络44用于对所述可变幅度单元42输出的信号进行合并处理或根据波束控制通道80输出的控制信号为各可变幅度单元42分配加权系数。
图6示出了所述阵列馈源20的辐射单元排布方式。其中，所述阵列馈源20所含的辐射单元采用3维空间排布与集成，阵列馈源20的每一天线子阵的辐射单元也可以采用3维空间排布方式，这种排布方式方便在聚焦设备10的焦点附近设置较多数量的辐射单元，可克服平面或直线排布的辐射单元在偏离焦点较大时的引起增益和旁瓣性能降低。
所述采用三维空间排布的辐射单元可以是平面型的，可采用多层PCB(Printed Circuit Board，印刷电路板)或者LTCC(Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic，低温共烧陶瓷)进行辐射单元集成；所述采用三维空间排布的辐射单元也可采用喇叭天线等非平面天线。
图7与图8分别示出了上述天线系统的大角度波束扫描及小角度扫描的示意图。
图7所示的多个天线子阵各覆盖一个波束扫描区域，波束控制通道80发送子阵交换配置信息至所述子阵交换矩阵30，以使所述子阵交换矩阵30根据该子阵交换配置信息切换选择天线子阵；子阵交换矩阵30切换选择不同的天线子阵时，能实现大角度的扫描及波束粗分配。被选的天线子阵与激活的子阵幅度加权及功分网络40连接，就可选定与该被选的天线子阵相应的收发信通道50；当一个子阵的波束指向范围(例如0°～45°)小于波束角度改变量(例如60°)时，需通过波束控制通道80控制子阵交换矩阵30改变与该子阵幅度加权及合成网络40连接的子阵端口，实现大角度波束切换。例如，如果有四个天线子阵，子阵1、子阵2、子阵3及子阵4的波束指向范围分别是0°～45°、45°～90°、90°～135°、135°～180°。如果当前与该子阵幅度加权及功分网络40相连的是子阵1的端口，而所需波束角度是60°，则子阵交换矩阵30由子阵1的端口切换为子阵2的端口，以将波束控制在子阵2的 波束指向范围45°～90°内。
如图8所示，在选定的天线子阵中通过波束控制通道80控制子阵幅度加权及功分网络40的幅度加权值，即可实现波束在单个辐射单元驱动时在离散角度间连续移动，能实现小角度的波束扫描及高精度波束控制。例如，所需波束角度是60°，且选择了子阵2，波束指向已粗略的控制在45°～90°这个范围内，再对子阵2中的辐射单元进行幅度加权，使子阵2的波束精确的指向60°。在图8所示的实施例中，对两个不同的辐射单元分别进行幅度加权，能产生不同指向的波束beam1、beam2；如果同时对这两个辐射单元分配幅度加权系数并进行幅度加权，则产生合成波束beam3，其中beam1、beam2及beam3的波束指向各不相同，但均在被选的天线子阵的波束指向范围之内。
请参考图9，一种应用于上述天线系统中的波束控制方法，所述天线系统包括具有波束聚焦功能的聚焦设备10及用于辐射电磁波至所述聚焦设备10的阵列馈源20，所述阵列馈源20包括多个天线子阵，每个天线子阵包括两个或两个以上的辐射单元，所述波束控制方法包括：
S01：所述天线系统的信号处理模组70输出波束数量、波束编号及波束角度等控制信息；例如波束数量为2，波束编号分别为1、2，波束角度分别为30°、60°
S02：根据波束数量，激活相应数量的收发信通道；例如所需波束数量为2时，则需激活两个收发信通道；
S03：计算与波束编号对应的天线子阵号及该天线子阵的幅度加权系数；例如波束编号为1且波束角度是30°，则计算出对应的天线子阵号是1；或波束编号为2且波束角度是60°，则计算出对应的天线子阵号是2；
S04：将波束编号与相应的收发信通道绑定，以通过该收发信通道收发相应天线子阵的信号；
S05：通过波束控制通道80下发子阵交换矩阵配置信息；所述子阵交换配置信息包括上述计算出的天线子阵号，并映射与该待选天线子阵相应的收发信单元的编号，以指示所述子阵交换矩阵30切换选择相应的天线子阵，并利用相应的收发信通道传输信号；
S06：根据该子阵交换矩阵配置信息切换选择天线子阵，从而实现多波束粗分配；
S07：通过波束控制通道80下发各子阵的幅度加权配置信息；及
S08：根据所述幅度加权配置信息为当前被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权，从而实现多波束精确指向。
具体地，每一天线子阵能覆盖一个波束扫描区域，当一个天线子阵对应的波束指向范围小于波束角度的改变量时，切换选择另一波束覆盖角度满足要求的天线子阵，以实现大角度波束切换。
具体地，通过控制选定的天线子阵中各辐射单元的幅度加权值，即可实现波束在单个辐射单元驱动时生成的离散角度间连续移动，实现高精度波束控制。
本发明采用可切换的子阵馈源天线激励聚焦设备，子阵内采用幅度加权实现波束精细调节，收发信通道数量低于天线辐射单元数量，大大减少了射频通道数量；在子阵内精细波束调节中，仅采用幅度加权实现，避免了移相器使用，进一步降低系统复杂程度；且阵列馈源中辐射单元的三维排布有效降低失焦，改善大偏角波束成形时的性能下降。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本发明实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解， 本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种天线系统，其特征在于，包括：
    聚焦设备，具有电磁波聚焦功能；
    阵列馈源，包括多个天线子阵，每个天线子阵包括两个或两个以上的辐射单元，每一辐射单元均能辐射电磁波至所述聚焦设备；
    子阵交换矩阵，用于在所述多个天线子阵中切换选择至少一个天线子阵；
    子阵幅度加权及功分网络，用于为被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权；及
    波束控制通道，用于发送子阵交换配置信息，以使所述子阵交换矩阵根据该子阵交换配置信息切换选择至少一个天线子阵；所述波束控制通道还用于发送被选的天线子阵的各辐射单元的幅度加权配置信息，以使所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络根据所述幅度加权配置信息为被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线系统还包括多个收发信单元，用于发送信号至相应的天线子阵或接收相应的天线子阵的信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线系统还包括信号处理模组，所述信号处理模组用于输出波束数量、波束编号及波束角度，以激活相应数量的收发信单元；所述信号处理模组还用于根据所述波束数量、波束角度计算波束编号对应的天线子阵号及幅度加权系数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线系统还包括与所述信号处理模组相连的多个转换器，所述多个转换器分别与所述多个收发信单元相连，用于将所述信号处理模组发出的数据进行数模转换后输出给收发信单元或将收发信单元反馈来的数据进行模数转换后输出给所述信号处理模组。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述阵列馈源位于所述聚焦设备的焦点区域，所述焦点区域的边界点与所述聚焦设备的焦点之间的距离小于预设的第一阈值。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述聚焦设备包括下列设备中的任一种：椭圆透镜、球形透镜、半球透镜、凸面 透镜。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的天线系统，其特征在于，每一子阵幅度加权及功分网络包括功率分配/合成网络及至少两个可变幅度单元；所述可变幅度单元用于对天线子阵中的相应辐射单元进行幅度加权，所述功率分配/合成网络用于对各可变幅度单元输出的信号进行合并处理或将根据所述波束控制通道输出的控制信号为各可变幅度单元分配加权系数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络的可变幅度单元的数量小于或等于相应的天线子阵的辐射单元的数量。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述可变幅度单元包括可调衰减器或增益可变放大器。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述功率分配/合成网络是wilkinson功分器或耦合线电桥。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任意一项所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线子阵的辐射单元包括平面集成天线或非平面天线，不同天线子阵间没有共用的辐射单元。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络连接于所述收发信单元及子阵交换矩阵之间。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述子阵交换矩阵连接于所述收发信单元及所述子阵幅度加权及功分网络之间。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任意一项所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线子阵与所述信号处理模组之间有多个用于传输数据的收发信通道，所述收发信通道的数量小于或等于所述天线子阵的数量。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，每一天线子阵能覆盖一个波束扫描区域，当一个天线子阵的波束指向范围小于波束角度的改变量时，所述波束控制通道控制子阵交换矩阵切换至另一波束指向范围满足要求的天线子阵，以实现大角度波束切换。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的天线系统，其特征在于，在选定的一个天线子阵中通过波束控制通道控制子阵幅度加权及功分网络的幅度加权值，即可实现波束在单个辐射单元驱动时生成的离散角度间连续移动，实现高精度波束控制。
  17. 一种波束控制方法，应用于一天线系统中，所述天线系统包括具有电磁波聚焦功能的聚焦设备及用于辐射电磁波至所述聚焦设备的阵列馈源，所述阵列馈源包括多个天线子阵，每个天线子阵包括两个或两个以上的辐射单元，所述波束控制方法包括：
    发送子阵交换配置信息；
    根据该子阵交换配置信息切换选择天线子阵；
    发送被选子阵的各辐射单元的幅度加权配置信息；及
    根据所述幅度加权配置信息为被选的天线子阵中的辐射单元进行幅度加权。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的波束控制方法，其特征在于，所述波束控制方法还包括在发送子阵交换配置信息之前输出控制信息并根据控制信息计算出天线子阵号及该天线子阵的幅度加权系数；所述控制信息包括波束数量、波束编号及波束角度。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的波束控制方法，其特征在于，所述波束控制方法还包括在输出所述控制信息之后根据波束数量激活相应数量的收发信通道并将波束编号与相应的收发信通道绑定。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的波束控制方法，其特征在于，所述子阵交换配置信息包括要选的天线子阵号，并映射与该天线子阵相应的收发信单元的编号。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的波束控制方法，其特征在于，每一天线子阵能覆盖一个波束扫描区域，当一个天线子阵的波束指向范围小于波束角度的改变量时，所述波束控制通道控制子阵交换矩阵切换至另一波束指向范围满足要求的天线子阵，以实现大角度波束切换。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的波束控制方法，其特征在于，在选定的一个天线子阵中通过波束控制通道控制子阵幅度加权及功分网络的幅度加权值，即可实现波束在单个辐射单元驱动时生成的离散角度间连续移动，实现高精度波束控制。
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