WO2016106620A1 - 一种天线对准方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种天线对准方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016106620A1
WO2016106620A1 PCT/CN2014/095747 CN2014095747W WO2016106620A1 WO 2016106620 A1 WO2016106620 A1 WO 2016106620A1 CN 2014095747 W CN2014095747 W CN 2014095747W WO 2016106620 A1 WO2016106620 A1 WO 2016106620A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
period
mode
received signal
signal
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PCT/CN2014/095747
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕瑞
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2014/095747 priority Critical patent/WO2016106620A1/zh
Priority to CN201480081311.3A priority patent/CN106575984B/zh
Priority to EP14909429.4A priority patent/EP3229380B1/en
Publication of WO2016106620A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016106620A1/zh
Priority to US15/636,894 priority patent/US9998183B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0658—Feedback reduction
    • H04B7/066—Combined feedback for a number of channels, e.g. over several subcarriers like in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [OFDM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna alignment method and system.
  • each array element of the array antenna has a phase shifter that changes the phase of the signal, and these phase shifters are controlled by electrical signals to form a desired radiation beam on the array antenna.
  • the microwave device performs communication, it is required to simultaneously align the beam of the transmitting antenna and the beam of the receiving antenna with the opposite microwave device.
  • the beam alignment of the local microwave device needs to be detected and judged by the peer microwave device, and the judgment information is transmitted back to the local microwave device.
  • the communication link does not work properly, and an additional feedback channel needs to be configured, which is costly and difficult to implement.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna alignment method and system for implementing antenna alignment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna alignment method.
  • the first device has N AT transmit beams, N AR receive beams, and the second device has N BT transmit beams, N BR receive beams, and first
  • the receiving beam of the device is fixedly aligned
  • the receiving beam of the second device is fixedly aligned
  • the receiving beam of the first device receives the signal from the transmitting beam of the second device
  • the receiving beam of the second device receives the signal from the transmitting beam of the first device, include:
  • the second device transmits a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverses the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, and traverses the switching of the AT frequencies according to the second frequency mode, and the second device in the same first period
  • the transmit beam and frequency of the transmitted signal are unchanged;
  • the second device collects the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtains the power of the received signal corresponding to each frequency according to the second frequency mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Rth frequency;
  • the second device transmits a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverses the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, and traverses the switching of the AT frequencies according to the second frequency mode, and the second device in the same first period
  • the transmit beam and the frequency of the transmitted signal are unchanged, and the Rth of the AT frequency is a designated frequency;
  • the first device determines the frequency of the received signal in each first period, obtains the frequency of the received signal corresponding to each beam according to the first beam mode, and obtains the frequency of the received signal corresponding to the Rth beam as the designated frequency;
  • the beam of the received signal of the first device fixed beam whose frequency is the designated frequency is the transmitting beam.
  • the first beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and each first period transmit beam is switched once;
  • the first frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first cycles, switching once every N AT first cycle frequencies.
  • the second beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and each N AT first The periodic transmit beam is switched once; the second frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first cycles, and each first cycle frequency is switched once.
  • the first beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and the first time period of each N BT transmit beams is switched; the first frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first cycles, each frequency switching once every first cycle.
  • the second beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and each first period is transmitted.
  • the beam switching is performed once;
  • the second frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and the frequency is switched once every N BT first periods.
  • the second device determines each first week The frequency of receiving signals during the period includes:
  • the second device divides each first period into N sub-periods, N is an odd number greater than 3, respectively determines the frequency of each sub-period, obtains N determination frequencies, and uses the frequency with the most occurrence as the frequency of the first period reception signal. .
  • the N BT frequencies in the first frequency mode are all the first frequencies
  • the AT frequency in the second frequency mode are all the first frequencies
  • the receiving beam fixed alignment of the second device includes:
  • the first device transmits a signal to the second device according to the first period, and traverses the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the third beam mode, and the transmit beam of the first device transmitting signal does not change in the same first period;
  • the second device receives the signal from the first device according to the first period, and traverses the switching of the N BR receiving beams according to the fourth beam mode, and the receiving beam of the received signal of the second device is unchanged in the same first period, and each receiving beam may be Receiving a signal from the first device N AT transmit beams;
  • the second device collects the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtains the power of the received signal corresponding to each receive beam according to the fourth beam mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Sth receive beam;
  • the beam with the highest power of the received signal of the second device fixed receiving beam is the receiving beam.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna alignment method.
  • the first device has N AT transmit beams, N AR receive beams, and the second device has N BT transmit beams and N BR receive beams. Included in:
  • the first device transmits a signal to the second device according to the first period, and traverses the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the third beam mode, and the transmit beam of the first device transmitting signal does not change in the same first period;
  • the second device receives the signal from the first device according to the first period, and traverses the switching of the N BR receiving beams according to the fourth beam mode, and the receiving beam of the received signal of the second device is unchanged in the same first period, and each receiving beam may be Receiving a signal from the first device N AT transmit beams;
  • the second device collects the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtains the power of the received signal corresponding to each receive beam according to the fourth beam mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Sth receive beam;
  • the beam with the highest power of the received signal of the second device fixed receiving beam is the receiving beam.
  • the third beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, and each first period of the transmit beam is switched once.
  • the fourth beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, each N AT first Periodic receive beam switching once.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna alignment system, including a first device and a second device, where the first device has N AT transmit beams, N AR receive beams, and the second device has N BT transmit beams.
  • N BR receiving beams, the receiving beams of the first device are fixedly aligned, the receiving beams of the second device are fixedly aligned, the receiving beams of the first device receive signals from the transmitting beams of the second device, and the receiving beams of the second device receive A signal from a first device transmit beam, characterized by comprising:
  • the first device is configured to send a signal to the second device according to the first period, traverse the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the first beam mode, and traverse the switching of the N BT frequencies according to the first frequency mode, in the same first period
  • the transmit beam and frequency of a device transmitting signal are unchanged;
  • the second device is configured to send a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverse the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, and traverse the switching of the AT frequency according to the second frequency mode, in the same first period
  • the transmit beam and frequency of the transmitted signal of the two devices are unchanged;
  • the second device is configured to calculate the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtain the power of the received signal corresponding to each frequency according to the second frequency mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Rth frequency;
  • the second device is configured to send a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverse the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, and traverse the switching of the AT frequency according to the second frequency mode, in the same first period
  • the transmit beam and the frequency of the transmitted signal of the two devices are unchanged, and the Rth of the AT frequency is the designated frequency;
  • the first device is configured to determine a frequency of the received signal in each first period, obtain a frequency of the received signal corresponding to each beam according to the first beam mode, and obtain a frequency of the received signal corresponding to the Rth beam as a designated frequency;
  • the beam used by the first device for the fixed beam is a transmit beam with a frequency of a specified frequency.
  • the first beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and each first period of the transmit beam is switched once; the first frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first cycles, switching once every N AT first cycle frequencies.
  • the second beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and each N AT first The periodic transmit beam is switched once; the second frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first cycles, and each first cycle frequency is switched once.
  • the first beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and the first time period of each N BT transmit beams is switched; the first frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first cycles, each frequency switching once every first cycle.
  • the second beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and each first period is transmitted.
  • the beam switching is performed once;
  • the second frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and the frequency is switched once every N BT first periods.
  • the determining, by the second device, the frequency of the received signal in each first period the second device, configured to divide each first period into N sub-cycles for power statistics, where For odd numbers greater than 3, the frequency of each sub-period is determined separately, and N determination frequencies are obtained, and the frequency with the most occurrences is taken as the frequency of the reception signal of the first period.
  • the N BT frequencies in the first frequency mode are all the first frequencies
  • the AT frequencies in the second frequency mode are all the first frequencies
  • the first device is configured to send a signal to the second device according to the first period, and traverse the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the third beam mode, and the transmit beam of the first device transmitting signal in the same first period is unchanged;
  • the second device is configured to receive a signal from the first device according to the first period, and traverse the switching of the N BR receiving beams according to the fourth beam mode, and the receiving beam of the received signal of the second device in the same first period is unchanged, and each receiving The beam can receive signals from the AT beams of the first device;
  • the second device is configured to calculate the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtain the power of the received signal corresponding to each receive beam according to the fourth beam mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Sth receive beam;
  • the beam with the highest power of the second device for fixing the received signal of the receive beam is the receive beam.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna alignment system, including a first device and a second device, where the first device has N AT transmit beams, N AR receive beams, and the second device has N BT transmit beams. , N BR receive beams,
  • the first device is configured to send a signal to the second device according to the first period, and traverse the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the third beam mode, and the transmit beam of the first device transmitting signal in the same first period is unchanged;
  • the second device is configured to receive a signal from the first device according to the first period, and traverse the switching of the N BR receiving beams according to the fourth beam mode, and the receiving beam of the received signal of the second device in the same first period is unchanged, and each receiving The beam can receive signals from the AT beams of the first device;
  • the second device is configured to calculate the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtain the power of the received signal corresponding to each receive beam according to the fourth beam mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Sth receive beam;
  • the beam with the highest power of the second device for fixing the received signal of the receive beam is the receive beam.
  • the third beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, and each first period of the transmit beam is switched once.
  • the fourth beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, and each N AT firsts Periodic receive beam switching once.
  • the first device sends a signal to the second device according to the first period, traverses the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the first beam mode, and traverses the switching of the N BT frequencies according to the first frequency mode, the same
  • the transmit beam and the frequency of the signal transmitted by the first device are unchanged in a period
  • the second device transmits a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverses the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, and traverses according to the second frequency mode
  • the switching of the N AT frequencies, the transmitting beam and the frequency of the signal transmitted by the second device in the same first period are unchanged
  • the second device counts the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtains the corresponding frequency according to the second frequency mode.
  • the second device receiving the power of the signal, obtaining the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Rth frequency; the second device transmitting the signal to the first device according to the first period, and traversing the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, according to the second N AT mode traversing a frequency switching frequency, and the frequency of the second transmit beam emitting device a first signal within the same constant period, said N AT
  • the Rth of the frequency is a specified frequency;
  • the first device determines the frequency of the received signal in each first period, obtains the frequency of the received signal corresponding to each beam according to the first beam mode, and obtains the received signal corresponding to the Rth beam.
  • the frequency is a specified frequency; the frequency of the received signal of the first device fixed beam is the transmit beam of the specified frequency.
  • the information of the transmitted beam is notified by the change of the frequency to complete the antenna alignment, and no additional feedback channel needs to be established.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for receiving beam alignment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a beam pattern configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of transmitting beam alignment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a beam mode frequency mode configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of information transfer in an asynchronous situation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a beam scanning mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of receiving power correspondence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a beam scanning mode frequency scanning mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another receiving power correspondence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another beam scanning mode frequency scanning mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of still another beam scanning mode frequency scanning mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of receiving frequency correspondence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is an antenna alignment system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a structural diagram of an antenna alignment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to alignment of an antenna.
  • the first device and the second device perform alignment of the transmit antenna and alignment of the receive antenna, the first device is labeled as device A, and the second device is labeled as device B.
  • the first device is the main device
  • the first device is the peer device
  • the second device is the peer device
  • the second device is the local device
  • the first device is Peer device.
  • the first device has N AT preset transmit beams, N AR preset receive beams
  • the second device has N BT preset transmit beams, N BR preset receive beams, N AT , N AR , N BT and N BR are both integers greater than one. You need to adjust the transmit beam of the local device and the receive antenna of the peer device, or adjust the transmit antenna of the peer device to the receive antenna of the local device.
  • the device in the embodiment of the present invention may be a microwave device, or other devices that require antenna alignment.
  • the communication parties in the embodiment of the present invention perform alignment using a narrowband signal with adjustable frequency points, for example, a single tone signal of a single frequency point.
  • the transmitter performs the switching action configuration according to the preset switching time period Tc, that is, the switching of the transmitting beam direction of the transmitter or the frequency switching of the transmitting signal takes Tc as the minimum period, and in the time period Tc, the transmitting beam direction of the transmitter is The configuration of the frequency of the transmitted signal does not change.
  • the receiver performs power detection or frequency detection according to the detection time period Td, that is, the receiver counts the average power or the main frequency of the received signal in the Td time period piece by piece.
  • the switching time period Tc may be greater than or equal to the detection time period Td.
  • Tc N ⁇ Td, and N is an odd number greater than or equal to 3.
  • the alignment of the receiving beam or the alignment of the transmitting beam is involved.
  • a flowchart of a method for receiving beam alignment according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the first device sends a signal to the second device according to the first period, and traverses the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the third beam mode, and the transmit beam of the first device transmitting signal does not change in the same first period;
  • the third beam mode M 2 (N AT , N BR ) in the embodiment of the present invention may be N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, and the first period is the above-mentioned switching time period Tc, and each The first period of the transmit beam is switched once, and the direction of the transmit beam of the transmitted signal is unchanged during the same first period.
  • the frequency of the transmitted signal is the initial default frequency, and the frequencies of the signals of different first periods may be the same.
  • the default frequency is Fr and the designated frequency is Fd.
  • the second device receives a signal from the first device according to the first period, and traverses the switching of the NBR receiving beams according to the fourth beam mode, and the receiving beam of the received signal of the second device does not change in the same first period, and each receiving The beam can receive signals from the AT beams of the first device;
  • the fourth beam mode M 1 (N BR , N AT ) of the embodiment of the present invention may be N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, and the first period is the above-mentioned switching time period Tc, and each N AT first period receive beam switching once.
  • each receive beam can receive a signal from the first device AT transmit beams.
  • the third beam mode and the fourth beam mode may be implemented in many other ways as long as each receive beam can receive signals from the first device AT transmit beams.
  • the third beam mode is N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, and the transmit beam is switched once every N BR first periods, and the fourth beam mode is N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, and each first period is received. The beam is switched once.
  • the third beam mode and the fourth beam mode may also be non-orthogonal, but the effect of using the two orthogonal scanning modes is not tested.
  • the second device collects the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtains the power of the received signal corresponding to each receive beam according to the fourth beam mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Sth receive beam.
  • the second device counts the power of the received signal in each first period, and the second device may perform power statistics by using Tc as a period.
  • the power of the received signal corresponding to each receive beam is obtained according to the fourth beam mode.
  • the first to Nth AT first periods correspond to the first receive beam
  • the power of the received signal corresponding to the receive beam may be The power and or average power or other characterization values of the signals received for the first period of the AT .
  • the power of the received signal corresponding to the N BR receive beams can be obtained, so that which receive beam has the largest received power, and the power of the received signal corresponding to the Sth receive beam is the largest in this embodiment.
  • the second device may determine the optimal receive beam after continuously obtaining the result of the multiple traversal statistics.
  • the beam with the highest power of the received signal of the second device fixed receiving beam is a receiving beam.
  • the second device locks the receive beam to the optimal beam direction. And the frequency of the transmitted signal is changed to Fd in the next round of traversal, and the opposite end receives the Fd and knows that the receiving beam of the second device is already aligned.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may further include a method for marking the device.
  • the frequency of the received signal is detected. If the frequency is not the designated frequency Fd, the device is identified as the No. 1 device, and the frequency of the transmitting signal is changed to a specified frequency. Fd, and continuously detecting the frequency of the received signal.
  • the alignment of the receiving beam is completed; if the specified frequency Fd is detected, the device is identified as the No. 2 device, and the transmission is changed.
  • the frequency of the transmitted signal is the specified frequency Fd, and the alignment of the receive beam is completed.
  • each receiving beam of the second device can receive the signals from the first device N AT transmit beams, so that it can determine which receive beam can be aligned, does not need to establish an additional feedback channel, and can also pass the frequency change notification.
  • the first device has already aligned the receive beam alignment.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for aligning a transmit beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a precondition for the alignment of a transmit beam that is, the receive beam is already aligned, and the foregoing may be provided.
  • the method is used for the alignment of the receiving beam.
  • other methods are also used for the alignment of the receiving beam, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first device sends a signal to the second device according to the first period, traverses the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the first beam mode, and traverses the switching of the N BT frequencies according to the first frequency mode, and is in the same first period.
  • the transmitting beam and the frequency of the transmitting signal of a device are unchanged;
  • the second device transmits a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverses the switching of the N BT transmitting beams according to the second beam mode, and traverses the AT frequency according to the second frequency mode
  • the switching, the transmit beam and the frequency of the second device transmitting signals in the same first period are unchanged.
  • the first beam mode and the first frequency mode may be as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the first beam mode M 2 (N AT , N BT ) includes N AT ⁇ N BT first cycles, and the first cycle is above. Referring to the switching time period Tc, each first period of the transmitting beam is switched once; the first frequency mode M 1 (N BT , N AT ) includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, each N AT first period frequencies Switch once.
  • the second beam mode and the second frequency mode may be as shown in FIG. 4, and the second beam mode M 1 (N BT , N AT ) includes N AT ⁇ N BT first cycles, and the first cycle is as mentioned above.
  • the second frequency mode M 2 (N AT , N BT ) includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, each first period frequency switching once.
  • the first frequency mode corresponds to the second beam mode
  • the second frequency mode corresponds to the first beam mode, that is, their switching laws are the same.
  • the frequencies of all the different configuration numbers of the first device and the second device use the default frequency F d , that is, all use the same frequency to facilitate detection.
  • the default frequency is Fd
  • the specified frequency is Fm.
  • the first beam mode, the first frequency mode, the second beam mode, and the second frequency mode may be implemented in many other manners, as long as the first frequency mode corresponds to the second beam mode, and the second frequency mode and The first beam mode corresponds to it.
  • the first beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and the transmit beam is switched once every N BT first periods
  • the first frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, each first period frequency Switching once
  • the second beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, each of the first period transmission beam switching
  • the second frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, every N BT first periods
  • the frequency is switched once.
  • the first beam mode and the first frequency mode may also be non-orthogonal, and the second beam mode and the second frequency mode may also be non-orthogonal, but the effect of using the two orthogonal scanning modes is not tested.
  • the configuration of changing the transmit beam each time has a corresponding frequency of the transmit signal, and is configured in pairs according to ⁇ beam-frequency> in each configuration period, such as ⁇ bi, fi> indicates The transmit signal frequency fi used by the i beams bi and the i th beam.
  • K1 is N AT and Kr is N BT
  • K1 is N BT and Kr is N AT .
  • the advantages of the orthogonal scanning mode are described herein.
  • the Fm frequency sent by a certain end device happens to be in the same traversal position as a transmitting beam pointing to the deviation, the risk of the Fm frequency cannot be correctly detected by the receiver of the opposite device due to the low received signal power. .
  • the transmit beam and the transmit signal frequency of the local device are scanned in a continuous traversal manner, the local end
  • the number of transmitted signal frequencies corresponds to the number of transmit beams of the peer device. Therefore, the cycle period of the beam and the frequency is the same, and a fixed match occurs between the beam direction and the frequency number in each round of traversal.
  • the optimal direction of the local transmit beam is in the direction of the transmit beam B1.
  • the frequency of the Fm appears at the period of the frequency configuration F3 of the third frequency, the direction of the transmit beam B3 used at this time is larger.
  • the peer device may not correctly detect the Fm frequency because the received signal power is too low, so that the peer device cannot lock the optimal transmit beam through the Fm frequency.
  • the transmitters at both ends of the device use the "orthogonal" scanning mode for beam scanning to avoid the above problem, that is, the transmit beam of one end device can be compared with the peer device in one scan period. All transmit beams occur at least once and vice versa.
  • the orthogonal scan mode since the frequency variation of the local transmit signal is determined by the scan mode of the opposite transmit beam, in a complete ⁇ beam-frequency> configuration cycle, all frequency configurations are also associated with all transmissions. The beam realizes orthogonal combination, thereby ensuring that the peer device can effectively detect the change of the received signal frequency under the condition that the receiving power is large.
  • the second device collects the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtains the power of the received signal corresponding to each frequency according to the second frequency mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Rth frequency.
  • the second device collects the power of the received signal according to the first period, where the first period is a period during which the second device transmits a signal to the first device, and when the second device performs the power detection, may be performed according to the detection time period Td.
  • Received signal power is calculated for each frequency corresponding to the frequency according to the second mode of the second device, e.g., the first cycle, second cycle N AT +1 4, ..., the (N BT -1) ⁇ N AT +1 cycles
  • a total of N BT first periods correspond to the first frequency
  • the power of the received signal corresponding to the frequency may be the power and or average power or other characterization values of the N BT first period received signals.
  • the power of the received signal corresponding to the AT frequency can be obtained, so that the received power of the highest frequency can be obtained.
  • the power of the received signal corresponding to the Rth frequency is the largest.
  • This second device may N AT accumulative maximum power search, where the number of configuration cycle frequency corresponds to the maximum power that is a first configuration cycle device uses an optimal transmission beam. It is assumed that the frequency corresponding to the maximum accumulated power obtained at this time is R. To enhance detection robustness, the second device may determine which frequency has the largest received power after continuously obtaining the result of the traversal statistics, that is, determine the optimal transmit beam of the first device.
  • the receiver beam is locked to the correct beam direction.
  • the received signal power of the receiver reflects the alignment of the other party's transmit beam.
  • the correct direction of the transmitting beam of the other party can be found.
  • the receiver of the local device first detects the power Pd of the received signal according to the period Td; and averages the consecutive N detected powers Pd to obtain an average received power Pc within a configuration period Tc; since there are Kr transmissions in the opposite device The beam is cyclically switched.
  • the local receiver can obtain the power variation of the opposite end transmit beam in a complete traversal, by searching for the position where the maximum value of the Kr Pc is located. , the position of the optimal transmit beam pointing of the peer device in the traversal order can be obtained.
  • the traversal manner of the statistical power in the device receiver is the same as the traversal manner of the signal frequency in the transmitter of the device.
  • the second device sends a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverses the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, and traverses the switching of the AT frequency according to the second frequency mode, and is in the same first period.
  • the transmit beam and the frequency of the two devices transmit signals are unchanged, and the Rth of the AT frequency is the designated frequency.
  • the second device modifies the corresponding frequency to the specified frequency in the next round of transmission traversal, and the other frequencies are unchanged, for example, modifying the Rth frequency to the designated frequency.
  • the second device transmits the change in received power to the opposite end by using a change in the frequency of the transmitted signal.
  • the frequencies of all transmitted signals are set to the default value Fd.
  • the device changes the frequency of the transmitted signal corresponding to the transmit beam according to the condition of the receiver power detection.
  • the local receiver calculates the Kr power of a complete traversal of the opposite end, the position R of the optimal transmitting beam of the peer device in the traversal sequence is found; during the traversal of the transmitter of the local end, The transmission signal frequency fR corresponding to the R position is set from the original F d to the specified frequency Fm.
  • the first device determines a frequency of the received signal in each first period, obtains a frequency of the received signal corresponding to each beam according to the first beam mode, and obtains a frequency of the received signal corresponding to the Rth beam as a designated frequency.
  • a first beam pattern to obtain a frequency corresponding to the received signal for each beam e.g., the first cycle, second cycle N AT +1 4, ..., the (N BT -1) ⁇ N AT +1
  • the first period of the N BT first period corresponds to the first beam
  • the power of the received signal corresponding to the beam may be the most frequently used frequency of the received signals of the N BT first period, or may be one of the periods or The frequency determined by certain periods.
  • the frequency of the received signal corresponding to the N AT beams can be obtained, so that which beam frequency can be changed with respect to the default frequency, so that which transmit beam can be aligned, in this embodiment, the corresponding The frequency of the received signals of the R beams is a specified frequency.
  • the first device extracts alignment information of the transmit beam by detecting a change in the frequency of the received signal. After the device completes the receive beam alignment, the receiver beam is locked to the correct beam direction, and the receiver begins to detect the frequency of the received signal.
  • the receiver of the first device first detects the frequency Qd of the received signal according to the period Td, and determines the detection frequency Qd as Fd or Fm according to the nearest principle; after obtaining the continuous N detection frequencies Qd within one configuration period Tc, statistics are performed.
  • the frequency with the most occurrences is the main frequency Qc in the configuration period.
  • the local device detects a certain configuration period R because the frequency of the received signal is traversed by the peer device according to the number of beams K1 of the local end, and the maximum received power is detected in the cycle.
  • the main frequency is Fm
  • the criterion can be further improved to: the configuration period of the Fm is continuous for several consecutive times, and it can be determined that the transmit beam bc used in the configuration period is the optimal transmit beam direction.
  • the two devices cannot implement time synchronization in the initial stage of communication, there is an unknown deviation at the start time of the configuration period Tc in the two devices.
  • This deviation causes the receiver of the local device to detect according to the configuration period of the local device.
  • the power and frequency of the transmitted signal of the opposite end appear across the boundary of the opposite end configuration.
  • this cross-border problem will not affect the detection result.
  • the configuration period corresponding to bi+1 of the device A spans two configuration periods Tci and Tci+1 of the two devices B.
  • the configuration period of A (such as Tci+1).
  • the signal power of device A is mainly overlapped by the larger Tci in device B.
  • the average power in +1 is reflected.
  • the detection result of the signal power of the device A is fed back to the other party through the frequency of the transmission signal of the device B.
  • the configuration period of device B will be used for feedback. Therefore, when the receiver of device A performs frequency detection on the signal of the device B transmitter, the configuration cycle in which the device A receiver overlaps with the device Bfi+1 is still large. It is the configuration cycle corresponding to the original bi+1. At this time, more Td detects the frequency Fm in the configuration period. Therefore, the main frequency of the configuration period of bi+1 in device A is Fm, and device A can be positive. The optimal transmit beam direction is indeed detected.
  • the receiver of the first device counts the main frequency of the received signal in each configuration period according to the beam scanning mode of the first device, and when performing the frequency detection of the received signal, the receiver first determines the power level of the received signal, When the received power is greater than a certain threshold, the frequency of the received signal is detected; for a signal whose received power is less than the threshold, the receiver outputs an invalid frequency identifier.
  • the frequency of the effectively detected frequency identifier is searched for the location where the Fm term is located, and the corresponding beam number of the location in the beam scanning mode is the optimal of the first device. Transmit beam.
  • the first device may use the beam number with the most occurrence of the Fm term as the optimal transmit beam of the first device after consecutive traversal statistics.
  • the frequency of the received signal of the first device fixed beam is a transmit beam of a specified frequency.
  • the first device After finding the optimal transmit beam, the first device locks its own transmit beam to the optimal transmit beam direction, stops detecting the received signal frequency, performs power detection similar to that in step S302, and determines the fluctuation of the N BT accumulated power, when N When the fluctuation amount of the BT accumulated power is less than a certain threshold (for example, 10% of the average value), the first device may determine that the second device completes the locking of the transmit beam, and the first device completes all beam alignment work and switches to normal. Communication status.
  • a certain threshold for example, 10% of the average value
  • step S302 the first device counts the power of the received signal in each first cycle, and obtains the power of the received signal corresponding to each frequency according to the first frequency mode, and receives the signal. The power corresponding to the maximum frequency value, and then in step S303, the first device transmits a signal to the second device according to the first period, traverses the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the first beam mode, and traverses the AT by the first frequency mode. The frequency is switched, and the corresponding frequency value is changed, and then the second device can determine the alignment of the transmit beam according to the received signal, and details are not described herein again.
  • the alignment of the transmit beam is identified by the transmit beam change and the frequency change of the two beams, and the peer device is notified of the alignment information by the change of the specific frequency, thereby making the peer device
  • the transmit beam can be locked to complete the alignment of the transmit beam without the need to create an additional feedback channel.
  • Device A has two preset transmit beams, assuming that beam 2 is the optimal transmit beam, device A has two preset receive beams, assuming beam 1 is the optimal receive beam, and device B has three preset transmit beams. It is assumed that beam 3 is the optimal transmit beam, and device B has three preset receive beams, assuming beam 2 is the optimal receive beam.
  • Step 1 Receive beam alignment, and take the device A to receive beam alignment as an example for specific description.
  • the transmit and receive beam scanning modes of device A and device B are as shown in Fig. 6. Different digital representation beams are changed, and the frequency of the transmitted signal is fixed to Fr.
  • the receiver of device A records the received signal power in each configuration period during the scanning process of the receiving beam, and obtains the received power meter as shown in FIG.
  • Receive beam 1 is the optimal receive beam of device A
  • the device A informs the peer end device that the receiving beam lock has been completed by changing the frequency of the transmitting signal.
  • Step 2. Transmit beam alignment, taking the device A transmit beam alignment as an example.
  • determining the number is convenient for conveniently determining the transmitting mode and the frequency mode.
  • the transmitting beam scanning mode and the frequency scanning mode are performed.
  • Different B indicates that the direction of the transmit beam is different, and different F indicates that the frequency is switched.
  • Device A counts the received signal power for each configuration cycle and obtains a power meter as shown in FIG.
  • the receiver of device A performs statistics on the received power meter according to the frequency traversal mode of the own transmitter. As shown in FIG. 9, the corresponding power in the same transmit frequency period in the received power is accumulated, because the local device transmits the signal frequency.
  • the traversal mode is the same as the traversal mode of the transmitting beam of the peer device. Therefore, this statistical mode indirectly reflects the alignment state of the opposite transmitting beam. Since the third transmit beam of the device B is in the direction of the optimal transmit beam, it can be found that the accumulated value of the third column power in FIG. 9 is significantly larger than the other two columns. Therefore, the device A can determine that the transmit beam 3 of the device B is the device.
  • the optimal transmit beam of B is the device.
  • device A After obtaining the position corresponding to the maximum received power in FIG. 9, device A sets the frequency number corresponding to the maximum received power position in the next traversal cycle, at this time, F3, set to Fm; the next cycle of device A is sent.
  • the configuration is shown in Figure 10.
  • device B can find the optimal transmit beam direction of device A according to the same steps in 2, 3, and 4, and set the corresponding Fm signal in device B's own transmission configuration; at this time, device B's transmission
  • the configuration is shown in Figure 11.
  • the receiver of device A detects the primary frequency of the received signal during each configuration period, resulting in a frequency statistics table.
  • the receiver of device A counts the main frequency in the receiving frequency table according to the scanning mode of the transmitting beam. It can be found from FIG. 12 that the received Fm frequency mainly appears in the frequency table corresponding to the second row, and therefore, the row corresponds to The transmit beam B2 is the optimal transmit beam of device A; thus device A finds its own optimal transmit beam direction;
  • device B can find its own optimal transmit beam direction according to the steps of 6, 7 .
  • the direction is the direction in which the transmit beam B3 is located.
  • the device A finds the optimal transmission direction, it locks the transmit beam to the optimal transmit direction and continuously detects the power of the received signal.
  • the device B also locks the optimal transmission direction, since the beam in the transmitting and receiving direction remains locked, the signal power detected by the device A will not be violently shaken, and thus it can be determined whether the peer device has completed the locking of the transmitting beam.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna alignment system, including a first device 1301 and a second device 1302, where the alignment system can be used for receiving alignment of a beam, and the second device is The receiving beam alignment is described.
  • the first device has N AT transmit beams, N AR receive beams, and the second device has N BT transmit beams and N BR receive beams.
  • the first device is configured to send a signal to the second device according to the first period, and traverse the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the third beam mode, and the transmit beam of the first device transmitting signal in the same first period is unchanged;
  • the second device is configured to receive a signal from the first device according to the first period, and traverse the switching of the N BR receiving beams according to the fourth beam mode, and the receiving beam of the received signal of the second device in the same first period is unchanged, and each receiving The beam can receive signals from the AT beams of the first device;
  • the second device is configured to calculate the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtain the power of the received signal corresponding to each receive beam according to the fourth beam mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Sth receive beam;
  • the beam with the highest power of the second device for fixing the received signal of the receive beam is the receive beam.
  • the third beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, and each first period transmit beam is switched once; and the fourth beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BR first periods, each N The AT first period receives the beam switching once.
  • the second device performs power statistics for dividing each first period into N sub-cycles, where N is an odd number greater than 3.
  • the alignment of the receiving beam by the first device is similar, and details are not described herein again. Reference may be made to the foregoing description of the alignment method.
  • the alignment system in FIG. 13 can also be used for alignment of transmit beams, wherein the first device has N AT transmit beams, N AR receive beams, and the second device has N BT transmit beams, N BR Receiving beam, the receiving beam of the first device is fixedly aligned, the receiving beam of the second device is fixedly aligned, the receiving beam of the first device receives the signal from the transmitting beam of the second device, and the receiving beam of the second device is received from the first device
  • a signal for transmitting a beam characterized by comprising:
  • the first device is configured to send a signal to the second device according to the first period, traverse the switching of the AT transmit beams according to the first beam mode, and traverse the switching of the N BT frequencies according to the first frequency mode, in the same first period
  • the transmit beam and frequency of a device transmitting signal are unchanged;
  • the second device is configured to send a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverse the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, and traverse the switching of the AT frequency according to the second frequency mode, in the same first period
  • the transmit beam and frequency of the transmitted signal of the two devices are unchanged;
  • the second device is configured to calculate the power of the received signal in each first period, and obtain the power of the received signal corresponding to each frequency according to the second frequency mode, to obtain the maximum power of the received signal corresponding to the Rth frequency;
  • the second device is configured to send a signal to the first device according to the first period, traverse the switching of the N BT transmit beams according to the second beam mode, and traverse the switching of the AT frequency according to the second frequency mode, in the same first period
  • the transmit beam and the frequency of the transmitted signal of the two devices are unchanged, and the Rth of the AT frequency is the designated frequency;
  • the first device is configured to determine a frequency of the received signal in each first period, obtain a frequency of the received signal corresponding to each beam according to the first beam mode, and obtain a frequency of the received signal corresponding to the Rth beam as a designated frequency;
  • the beam used by the first device for the fixed beam is a transmit beam with a frequency of a specified frequency.
  • the first beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and each first period of the transmit beam is switched once; the first frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, each N AT The frequency of the first cycle is switched once.
  • the second beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and the first time period of each N AT transmit beam is switched; the second frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, The frequency is switched once every first period.
  • the first beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and the first time period of each N BT transmit beams is switched; the first frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, The frequency is switched once every first period.
  • the second beam mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, and each first period transmit beam is switched once; and the second frequency mode includes N AT ⁇ N BT first periods, each N The BT first cycle frequency is switched once.
  • determining, by the second device, the frequency of receiving the signal in each first period may include:
  • the second device is configured to divide each first period into N sub-cycles for power statistics, and N is an odd number greater than 3, respectively determine the frequency of each sub-period, obtain N determination frequencies, and use the frequency with the most occurrence as the first The frequency at which the signal is received periodically.
  • the NBT frequencies in the first frequency mode are all the first frequencies
  • the NAT frequencies in the second frequency mode are all the first frequencies
  • a microwave device is taken as an example to illustrate how to achieve alignment of an antenna, wherein a transmitter transmits a signal to a transmitting antenna through a switch, a medium RF circuit and a transmitting phase shifter, by changing a transmitting phase shifter.
  • the transmit beam direction of the transmitted signal can be changed.
  • the receiver receives the medium RF circuit, and the receiving phase shifter receives the signal from the receiving antenna. By changing the receiving phase shifter, the receiving beam direction of the received signal can be changed.
  • the controller controls the transmit beam table by transmitting the beam control signal to configure the transmit phase shifter to control the transmit beam direction.
  • the transmit beam table stores a lookup table of the transmit beam set, and the transmit beam control signal is a beam sequence number, and the table is searched according to the input beam sequence number. Outputting a phase configuration of the corresponding beam; the controller controls the receive beam table by receiving the beam control signal to receive the phase shifter to control the direction of the receive beam.
  • the receive beam table stores a lookup table of the receive beam set, and the receive beam control signal is a beam sequence number.
  • the phase configuration of the corresponding beam is output according to the input beam number table.
  • Power detection and frequency detection can be performed by coupling part of the received signal from the receiving RF circuit, wherein the power detector detects the power level of the received signal by using Tc as a period, and outputs the average power value in the Tc time, and the discriminator detects the period by Td.
  • the frequency information of the received signal outputs the frequency of the main frequency point component in the Td time, and sends the detection result to the controller, and the controller controls the traversal of the transmitting beam, the traversal of the transmitting frequency, and the traversal of the receiving beam.
  • the controller generates a serial number of the transmitting and receiving beam according to the bidirectional alignment method of the present invention by receiving power and frequency information, and a tone signal generator and a slice Change the switch configuration command to control the complete device to complete the two-way alignment.
  • the traversal of the transmission frequency is controlled by the tone signal generator and the switch, and the signal generator generates a tone signal exp(2 ⁇ ft) of a fixed frequency f according to the configuration command of the controller, and the switch transmits according to the configuration command of the controller.
  • the transmission signal of the machine is switched to a normal communication signal or a single tone signal.
  • the transceiver antenna array in Figure 14 can be the same antenna array, such as a time division duplex system, or two separate antenna arrays, such as a frequency division duplex system.
  • the split antenna array due to the difference in the antenna array, there are significant inconsistencies in the transmit and receive beams, which require separate alignment.
  • the channel consistency is generally different on the transmitted and received signals, resulting in a deviation between the received and transmitted beams, and also requires separate alignment.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种天线对准方法，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；第二设备按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；第二设备固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。

Description

一种天线对准方法和系统 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线对准方法和系统。
背景技术
配有电调阵列天线的微波设备中，阵列天线的每个阵元都带有一个改变信号相位的移相器，这些移相器由电信号进行控制，从而在阵列天线上形成期望的辐射波束。这种微波设备在进行通信时，需要同时将发射天线的波束和接收天线的波束对准对端微波设备。
现有技术中，本端微波设备的波束对准需要对端微波设备进行检测和判断，并将判断信息传回本端微波设备。然而在波束对准之前，通信链路无法正常工作，需要配建额外的反馈通道，成本高且实现困难。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种天线对准方法和系统，用于实现天线对准。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种天线对准方法，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，第一设备的接收波束固定对准，第二设备的接收波束固定对准，第一设备的接收波束接收来自第二设备发射波束的信号，第二设备的接收波束接收来自第一设备发射波束的信号，包括：
第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第一波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，根据第一频率模式遍历NBT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
第二设备按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第二频率模式得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，得到对应第R个频率的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变，所述NAT个频率中的第R个为指定频率；
第一设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率，根据第一波束模式得到对应每个波束的接收信号的频率，得到对应第R个波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率；
第一设备固定波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率的波束为发射波束。
在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期频率切换一次。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
结合第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期频率切换一次。
在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述第二设备判定每个第一周 期接收信号的频率包括：
第二设备将每个第一周期划分为N个子周期，N为大于3的奇数，分别判定每个子周期的频率，得到N个判定频率，将出现次数最多的频率作为第一周期接收信号的频率。
在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，第一频率模式中的NBT个频率均为第一频率，第二频率模式中的NAT个频率均为第一频率。
在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，第二设备的接收波束固定对准包括：
第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
第二设备按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种天线对准方法，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，其特征在于，包括：
第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
第二设备按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不 变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三波束模式包括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第四波束模式包括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期接收波束切换一次。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种天线对准系统，包括第一设备和第二设备，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，第一设备的接收波束固定对准，第二设备的接收波束固定对准，第一设备的接收波束接收来自第二设备发射波束的信号，第二设备的接收波束接收来自第一设备发射波束的信号，其特征在于，包括：
第一设备用于按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第一波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，根据第一频率模式遍历NBT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
第二设备用于按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
第二设备用于统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第二频率模式得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，得到对应第R个频率的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备用于按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一 个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变，所述NAT个频率中的第R个为指定频率；
第一设备用于判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率，根据第一波束模式得到对应每个波束的接收信号的频率，得到对应第R个波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率；
第一设备用于固定波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率的波束为发射波束。
在第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期频率切换一次。
结合第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
在第三方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
结合第三方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第三方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期频率切换一次。
在第三方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，第二设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率包括：第二设备用于将每个第一周期划分为N个子周期进行功率统计，N为大于3的奇数，分别判定每个子周期的频率，得到N个判定频率，将出现次数最多的频率作为第一周期接收信号的频率。
在第三方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，第一频率模式中的NBT个频率 均为第一频率，第二频率模式中的NAT个频率均为第一频率。
在第三方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，
第一设备用于按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
第二设备用于按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
第二设备用于统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备用于固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供一种天线对准系统，包括第一设备和第二设备，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，
第一设备用于按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
第二设备用于按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
第二设备用于统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备用于固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
在第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三波束模式包括NAT× NBR个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次。
结合第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第四波束模式包括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期接收波束切换一次。
本发明实施例中，第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第一波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，根据第一频率模式遍历NBT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；第二设备按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第二频率模式得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，得到对应第R个频率的接收信号的功率最大；第二设备按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变，所述NAT个频率中的第R个为指定频率；第一设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率，根据第一波束模式得到对应每个波束的接收信号的频率，得到对应第R个波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率；第一设备固定波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率的波束为发射波束。通过频率的改变通知发射波束的信息从而完成天线对准，不需要建立额外的反馈通道。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一个实施例的一种接收波束对准方法流程图。
图2是本发明一个实施例的一种波束模式配置图。
图3是本发明一个实施例的一种发射波束对准方法的流程图。
图4是本发明一个实施例的一种波束模式频率模式配置图。
图5是本发明一个实施例的非同步情况下信息传递示意。
图6是本发明一个实施例的波束扫描模式示意图。
图7是本发明一个实施例的接收功率对应示意图。
图8是本发明一个实施例的波束扫描模式频率扫描模式示意图。
图9是本发明一个实施例的另一种接收功率对应示意图。
图10是本发明一个实施例的另一种波束扫描模式频率扫描模式示意图。
图11是本发明一个实施例的再一种波束扫描模式频率扫描模式示意图。
图12是本发明一个实施例的接收频率对应示意图。
图13是本发明一个实施例的一种天线对准系统。
图14是本发明一个实施例的一种天线对准设备结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例涉及天线的对准，第一设备和第二设备进行发射天线的对准和接收天线的对准，第一设备标记为设备A，第二设备标记为设备B。为方便理解和描述，以第一设备为主体时，第一设备为本端设备，第二设备为对端设备，以第二设备为主体时，第二设备为本端设备，第一设备为对端设备。第一设备具备NAT个预置的发射波束，NAR个预置的接收波束，第二设备具备NBT个预置的发射波束，NBR个预置的接收波束，NAT、NAR、NBT和NBR均为大于1的整数。需要调整本端设备的发射波束和对端设备的接收天 线对准，或者调整对端设备的发射天线和本端设备的接收天线对准。本发明实施例中的设备可以是微波设备，也可以是其它需要天线对准的设备。
本发明实施例的通信双方在天线对准阶段，使用频点可调的窄带信号进行对准，例如采用单频点的单音信号。发射机按照预设的切换时间周期Tc进行切换动作配置，即发射机的发射波束指向的切换或发射信号的频率切换均以Tc为最小周期，在时间周期Tc内，发射机的发射波束指向和发射信号的频率的配置均不发生改变。接收器按照检测时间周期Td进行功率检测或频率检测，即接收机逐段统计Td时间周期内接收信号的平均功率或主要频率。切换时间周期Tc可以大于等于检测时间周期Td，优选的，Tc＝N×Td，N为大于等于3的奇数。
本发明实施例中涉及接收波束的对准或者发射波束的对准。
如图1所示，为本发明实施例的一种接收波束对准方法流程图，包括：
S101、第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
如图2所示，本发明实施例的第三波束模式M2(NAT,NBR)可以为NAT×NBR个第一周期，第一周期为上面提到的切换时间周期Tc，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次，同一个第一周期内，发射信号的发射波束方向不变。
发射信号的频率为初始默认频率，不同第一周期的信号的频率可以相同，本实施例设定默认频率为Fr，指定频率为Fd。
S102、第二设备按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
如图2所示，本发明实施例的第四波束模式M1(NBR,NAT)可以为NAT×NBR个第一周期，第一周期为上面提到的切换时间周期Tc，每NAT个第一周期接收波束切换一次。这样，每个接收波束都可以收到来自第一设备NAT个 发射波束的信号。
在其它实施例中，第三波束模式和第四波束模式可以有很多其它方式实现，只要每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号即可。例如，第三波束模式为NAT×NBR个第一周期，每NBR个第一周期发射波束切换一次，第四波束模式为NAT×NBR个第一周期，每个第一周期接收波束切换一次，当然，第三波束模式和第四波束模式也可以不正交，但是使用效果经过测试没有使用两种正交的扫描模式的效果好。
S103、第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，第二设备可以以Tc为周期进行功率统计，当然也可以以Td为周期进行功率统计，例如Tc＝3×Td，那么将切换时间周期划分为三份进行分别检测，统计三份功率累加值或功率平均值等作为第一周期接收信号的功率。根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，例如如图2所示，第1至第NAT个第一周期对应第一接收波束，对应这个接收波束的接收信号的功率可以为这NAT个第一周期接收信号的功率和或平均功率或其它表征值。由此类推，可以得到对应NBR个接收波束的接收信号的功率，从而可以得到哪个接收波束的接收功率最大，本实施例中对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大。
在其它实施例中，为了增强检测的鲁棒性，第二设备可以在连续获得多次遍历统计的结果后判断最优接收波束。
S104、第二设备固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
本实施例中第二设备得到最优接收波束后，将接收波束锁定到该最优波束方向。并在下一轮遍历时改变发射信号的频率为Fd，对端收到Fd后得知第二设备的接收波束已经对准。
第一设备的接收波束的对准可以使用同样的方法，在此不再赘述。
本发明实施例还可以包括标示设备的方法，在第二设备固定接收波束后，检测接收信号的频率，如果不是指定频率Fd，则标识本设备为1号设备，改变发射信号的频率为指定频率Fd，并持续检测接收信号的频率，当检测到接收信号的频率为指定频率Fd后，完成接收波束的对准；如果检测到的是指定频率Fd，则标识本设备为2号设备，改变发射发射信号的频率为指定频率Fd，完成接收波束的对准。
本实施例中，第二设备每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号，从而可以判断哪个接收波束可以对准，不需要建立额外反馈信道，还可以通过频率改变通知第一设备本端已经将接收波束对准锁定。
如图3所示，为本发明实施例的一种发射波束对准方法的流程图，本发明实施例中，发射波束的对准有个前提条件，即接收波束已经对准，可以使用上面提供的方法进行接收波束的对准，当然也可以采用其它方法进行接收波束的对准，本发明实施例对此不做限定。
S301、第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第一波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，根据第一频率模式遍历NBT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；第二设备按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变。
本实施例中，第一波束模式和第一频率模式可以如图4所示，第一波束模式M2(NAT,NBT)包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，第一周期为上面提到的切换时间周期Tc，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；第一频率模式M1(NBT,NAT)包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期频率切换一次。
本实施中，第二波束模式和第二频率模式可以如图4所示，第二波束模式M1(NBT,NAT)包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，第一周期为上面提到的切换时间 周期Tc，每NAT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；第二频率模式M2(NAT,NBT)包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。第一频率模式和第二波束模式对应，第二频率模式和第一波束模式对应，即它们的切换规律相同。
第一设备和第二设备的所有不同配置编号的频率均使用默认频率Fd，即全部使用相同的频率以方便检测，本实施例中默认频率为Fd，指定频率为Fm。
在其它实施例中，第一波束模式、第一频率模式、第二波束模式以及第二频率模式可以采用很多其它的方式实现，只要第一频率模式和第二波束模式对应，第二频率模式和第一波束模式对应即可。例如，第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期发射波束切换一次，第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次，第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次，第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期频率切换一次。当然，第一波束模式和第一频率模式也可以不正交，第二波束模式和第二频率模式也可以不正交，但是使用效果经过测试没有使用两种正交的扫描模式的效果好。
设备在进行发射波束对准时，每次改变发射波束的配置都有一个发射信号的频率与其对应，在每个配置周期中按照<波束-频率>成对地配置，如<bi,fi>表示第i个波束bi和第i个波束使用的发射信号频率fi。其中发射波束bi以本端设备的发射波束数量Kl为周期进行循环，即i＝1,2,…,Kl；而发射信号频率fi按照对端设备的发射波束数量Kr为周期进行循环，即i＝1,2,…,Kr。例如对于第一设备中，Kl为NAT，Kr为NBT，对于第二设备中Kl为NBT，Kr为NAT。
在此对正交的扫描模式的优点进行说明，在发射波束对准的过程中，由于链路两端的设备是同时进行扫描搜索的，如果两端设备的发射波束数量相同，即Kl＝Kr，则在两个设备发射机的<波束-频率>配置对中，波束与频率 的遍历周期相同，波束与频率的搭配完全固定。此时，当某端设备发送的Fm频率恰好与一个指向存在偏差的发射波束出现在相同遍历位置时，则会导致对端设备的接收机由于接收信号功率过低而无法正确检测Fm频率的风险。例如，本端设备的发射波束数量与对端设备的发射波束数量均为3，即Kl＝Kr＝3，若本端设备的发射波束与发射信号频率按照连续遍历的方式进行扫描，由于本端发射信号频率的数量是与对端设备的发射波束数量相对应的，因此，波束与频率的循环周期相同，在每轮遍历中波束方向与频率序号间出现了固定的搭配。假设本端发射波束的最优方向在发射波束B1的方向，在这种情况下，如果Fm的频率出现在3号频率配置F3的周期处时，由于此时使用的发射波束B3指向偏差较大，对端设备可能会因为接收到的信号功率过低，而无法正确检测出Fm频率，从而导致对端设备无法通过Fm频率锁定最优发射波束。
为此，两端设备的发射机在进行波束扫描时采用“正交”的扫描模式可以避免以上问题，即，一端设备的发射波束在一个扫描周期内，每个发射波束都能够与对端设备的所有发射波束同时出现至少一次，反之亦然。在正交扫描模式下，由于本端发射信号的频率变化由对端发射波束的扫描模式决定，因此，在一个完整的<波束-频率>配置周期中，所有的频率配置也会与所有的发射波束实现正交组合，从而确保了对端设备能够在接收功率较大的情况下有效检测到接收信号频率的变化。
S302、第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第二频率模式得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，得到对应第R个频率的接收信号的功率最大。
本实施例中，第二设备按照第一周期统计接收信号的功率，第一周期为第二设备发射信号到第一设备的周期，第二设备在进行功率检测时，可以按照检测时间周期Td进行检测，例如Tc＝3×Td，那么将切换时间周期划分为三份进行分别检测，统计三份功率累加值或功率平均值等作为第一周期接收 信号的功率，当然，功率的统计也可以按照Tc进行直接统计。根据第二设备的第二频率模式计算得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，例如如图4所示，第1个周期，第NAT+1个周期,…,第(NBT-1)×NAT+1个周期共NBT个第一周期对应第一频率，对应这个频率的接收信号的功率可以为这NBT个第一周期接收信号的功率和或平均功率或其它表征值。由此类推，可以得到对应NAT个频率的接收信号的功率，从而可以得到哪个频率的接收功率最大，本实施例中对应第R个频率的接收信号的功率最大。第二设备可以这NAT个累加功率中搜索最大值，该最大功率对应的频率编号所在的配置周期即是第一设备使用最优发射波束时的配置周期。假设此时得到的最大累加功率对应的频率编号为R。为增强检测鲁棒性，第二设备可在连续获得多次遍历统计的结果后判断哪个频率的接收功率最大，即判断第一设备的最优发射波束。
设备在完成接收波束对准之后，接收端波束锁定至正确波束指向，此时，接收机的接收信号功率反映了对方发射波束的对准情况。通过对比接收机接收功率的大小可以找到对方发射波束的正确指向。本端设备的接收机首先按照周期Td检测接收信号的功率Pd；并通过对连续N个检测功率Pd进行平均，得到一个配置周期Tc内的平均接收功率Pc；由于对端设备中有Kr个发射波束在循环地切换，因此在连续获取到Kr个配置周期功率Pc后，本端接收机能够得到对端发射波束在一个完整遍历中的功率变化情况，通过寻找Kr个Pc中最大值所在的位置，即可获得对端设备最优发射波束指向在遍历顺序中的位置。此时，设备接收机中统计功率的遍历方式与该设备发射机中信号频率的遍历方式相同。
S303、第二设备按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变，所述NAT个频率中的第R个为指定频率。
本实施例中，第二设备在确定哪个频率的接收功率最大后，在下一轮发射遍历时，将相应频率修改为指定频率，其它频率不变，例如，将第R个频率修改为指定频率。
第二设备利用发射信号频率的变化将接收功率的变化传递给对端。设备在完成接收波束对准之后的初始状态下，所有发射信号的频率均设置为默认值Fd。设备根据接收机功率检测的情况，改变发射波束对应的发射信号频率。当本端的接收机统计完对端的一次完整遍历的Kr个功率后，找到了对端设备的最优发射波束在遍历顺序中的位置R；本端的发射机在随后开始的另一次遍历过程中，将R位置对应的发射信号频率fR由原来的Fd设置为指定频率Fm。
S304、第一设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率，根据第一波束模式得到对应每个波束的接收信号的频率，得到对应第R个波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率。
本实施例中，第一设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率，第一周期为第一设备发射信号到第二设备的周期，第一设备在进行频率判定时，可以按照检测时间周期Td进行频率判定，例如Tc＝3×Td，那么将切换时间周期划分为三份进行分别判定，统计其中出现次数最多的频率作为该切换时间周期内的主要频率，即将出现次数最多的频率作为第一周期接收信号的频率。据第一波束模式得到对应每个波束的接收信号的频率，例如如图4所示，第1个周期，第NAT+1个周期,…,第(NBT-1)×NAT+1个周期共NBT个第一周期对应第一波束，对应这个波束的接收信号的功率可以为这NBT个第一周期接收信号的频率中现次数最多的频率，也可以为其中某个周期或某些周期所判定频率。由此类推，可以得到对应NAT个波束的接收信号的频率，从而可以得到哪个波束的频率相对于默认频率发生了变化，从而可以判断哪个发射波束可以对准，本实施例中，得到对应第R个波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率。
第一设备通过检测接收信号频率的变化提取发射波束的对准信息。设备在完成接收波束对准之后，接收端波束锁定至正确波束指向，接收机随即开始进行接收信号的频率检测。第一设备的接收机首先按照周期Td检测接收信号的频率Qd，并按照最近临原则将检测频率Qd判决为Fd或Fm；在得到了一个配置周期Tc内的连续N个检测频率Qd后，统计其中出现次数最多的频率作为该配置周期内的主要频率Qc。由于接收信号的频率是对端设备按照本端的波束数量Kl为周期进行遍历统计的，并通过频率标识出了最大接收功率在循环周期中的位置，因此本端设备在检测到某个配置周期R内的主要频率为Fm时，便可判定该配置周期内使用的发射波束bc就是最优发射波束方向。为提高检测的鲁棒性，判定标准可进一步提高为：连续若干次Fm所在的配置周期均为R，则可判定该配置周期内使用的发射波束bc就是最优发射波束方向。
由于两端设备在通信初始阶段无法实现时间同步，因此，两个设备中配置周期Tc的起始时刻存在一个未知的偏差，这一偏差会导致本端设备的接收机在按照本端的配置周期检测对端发射信号的功率和频率时出现跨越对端配置边界的情况，然而由于使用了时间粒度更小的检测周期Td，这一跨界问题将不会对检测结果产生影响。如图5所示，设备B的接收机在对设备A发射机的信号进行功率检测时，设备A的bi+1对应的配置周期跨越了两个设备B的两个配置周期Tci和Tci+1，在设备B的两个配置周期中，总有一个与A的配置周期交叠部分更大(如Tci+1)，此时，设备A的信号功率主要由设备B中交叠更大的Tci+1中的平均功率反映。随后，对设备A信号功率的检测结果将通过设备B的发射信号频率反馈给对方。反馈时将使用设备B的配置周期，因此，当设备A的接收机在对设备B发射机的信号进行频率检测时，设备A接收机中与设备Bfi+1交叠较大的那个配置周期仍然是原来bi+1对应的配置周期。此时，该配置周期中有更多的Td检测到了频率Fm，因此，设备A中bi+1所在配置周期的主要频率为Fm，设备A能够正 确检测到最优的发射波束方向。
可选的，第一设备的接收机按照第一设备的波束扫描模式统计每个配置周期内的接收信号的主要频率，在进行接收信号频率检测时，接收机首先判断接收信号的功率大小，仅当接收功率大于某一阈值时，才对接收信号的频率进行检测；对于接收功率小于该阈值的信号，接收机输出无效的频率标识。
当第一设备的接收机完成一次完整的频率检测之后，在有效检测的频率标识中搜索频率为Fm项所在的位置，该位置在波束扫描模式中对应的波束编号即为第一设备的最优发射波束。为增强检测鲁棒性，第一设备可在连续多次遍历统计后，以Fm项出现次数最多的波束编号作为第一设备的最优发射波束。
S305、第一设备固定波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率的波束为发射波束。
第一设备找到最优发射波束后将自身的发射波束锁定到最优发射波束方向，停止检测接收信号频率，执行和步骤S302中类似的功率检测，判断NBT个累加功率的波动情况，当NBT个累加功率的波动量小于某一阈值(例如平均值的10％)时，则第一设备可判断第二设备完成了发射波束的锁定，第一设备完成所有波束对准工作，切换至正常通信状态。
第二设备的发射波束的对准和以上类似，在步骤S302时，第一设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第一频率模式得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，接收信号的功率最大对应的频率值，然后在步骤S303中第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第一波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第一频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，并改变相应频率值，然后第二设备可以根据接收到的信号判断发射波束的对准情况，在此不再赘述。
本实施例中，通过两个波束的发射波束改变和频率改变识别发射波束的对准，并且通过特定频率的改变通知对端设备对准信息，从而使得对端设备 可以锁定其发射波束完成发射波束的对准，不需要建立额外的反馈通道。
为了方便理解，下面以具体参数为例说明微波设备A、B之间收发波束对准的关键过程。设备A具有2个预置的发射波束，假设波束2为最优发射波束，设备A具有2个预置的接收波束，假设波束1为最优接收波束；设备B具有3个预置的发射波束，假设波束3为最优发射波束，设备B具有3个预置的接收波束，假设波束2为最优接收波束。
Step1.接收波束对准，并以设备A接收波束对准为例进行具体说明。
1.设备A和设备B的收发波束扫描模式如图6所示，不同的数字表述波束发生了变化，发射信号的频率固定为Fr。
2.设备A的接收机在接收波束的扫描过程中记录每个配置周期内的接收信号功率，得到如图7所示的接收功率表。
3.按照接收波束编号统计接收功率表，因为设备A的第1个接收波束为最优接收波束，因此可以发现，图7中第一列功率的累加值明显大于第二列，因此，可以确定接收波束1为设备A的最优接收波束；
4.设备A在锁定接收波束1后，通过改变发射信号的频率告知对端本端设备已完成接收波束锁定。
Step2.发射波束对准，以设备A发射波束对准为例。
1.设备A和设备B完成各自接收波束的锁定，并完成设备编号的自动分配后，确定编号有利于方便的确定发射模式和频率模式，本实施例中，发射波束扫描模式和频率的扫描模式如图8所示。不同的B表示发射波束的方向不同，不同的F表示频率进行了切换，本实施例起始时，设备A和设备B的所有编号的频率均使用Fd，即F1＝F2＝F3＝Fd，设备A接收为1，设备B接收为2，表示按照各自的发射周期进行接收统计。
2.设备A统计每个配置周期内的接收信号功率，并得到如图9所示的功率表。
3.设备A的接收机按照自身发射机的频率遍历模式对接收功率表进行统计，如图9所示，将接收功率中相同发射频率周期中对应的功率进行累加，由于本端设备发射信号频率的遍历模式与对端设备发射波束的遍历模式相同，因此，这一统计方式间接反映了对端发射波束的对准状态。由于设备B的第3个发射波束为最优发射波束方向，因此可以发现，图9中第三列功率的累加值明显大于其他两列，因此，设备A可以确定设备B的发射波束3为设备B的最优发射波束；
4.设备A在得到图9中最大接收功率对应的位置后，在下一个遍历周期中，将最大接收功率位置对应的频率编号，此时为F3，设置为Fm；设备A的下一个周期的发送配置如图10所示。
5.同理，设备B按照2、3、4中相同的步骤可以找到设备A的最优发射波束方向，并在设备B自身的发送配置中设置相应的Fm信号；此时，设备B的发射配置如图11所示。
6.设备A的接收机检测每个配置周期内接收信号的主要频率，得到一个频率统计表。
7.设备A的接收机按照发射波束的扫描方式统计接收频率表中的主要频率，由图12可以发现，接收到的Fm频率主要出现在第2行对应的频率表中，因此，该行对应的发射波束B2就是设备A的最优发射波束；至此设备A找到了自身最优的发射波束方向；
8.同理，设备B按照6、7的步骤可以找到自身的最优发射波束方向，此例中，该方向即发射波束B3所在的方向；
9.设备A找到最优发射方向后，将发射波束锁定到最优发射方向，并持续检测接收信号的功率。当设备B也锁定最优发射方向后，由于收发方向的波束都保持锁定，因此，设备A检测到的信号功率将不再剧烈抖动，由此可以判断对端设备是否完成了发射波束的锁定。
如图13所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种天线对准系统，包括第一设 备1301和第二设备1302，该对准系统可以用于接收波束的对准，下面以第二设备的接收波束对准进行说明，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，
第一设备用于按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
第二设备用于按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
第二设备用于统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备用于固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
可选的，所述第三波束模式包括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第四波束模式包括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期接收波束切换一次。
可选得，第二设备在进行用于将每个第一周期划分为N个子周期进行功率统计，N为大于3的奇数。
第一设备进行接收波束的对准类似，在此不再赘述，可以参考前面关于对准方法的描述。
此外，图13中的对准系统还可以用于发射波束的对准，其中，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，第一设备的接收波束固定对准，第二设备的接收波束固定对准，第一设备的接收波束接收来自第二设备发射波束的信号，第二设备的接收波束接收来自第一设备发射波束的信号，其特征在于，包括：
第一设备用于按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第一波束模式遍 历NAT个发射波束的切换，根据第一频率模式遍历NBT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
第二设备用于按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
第二设备用于统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第二频率模式得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，得到对应第R个频率的接收信号的功率最大；
第二设备用于按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变，所述NAT个频率中的第R个为指定频率；
第一设备用于判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率，根据第一波束模式得到对应每个波束的接收信号的频率，得到对应第R个波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率；
第一设备用于固定波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率的波束为发射波束。
可选的，第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期频率切换一次。
可选的，所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
可选的，所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
可选的，所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期频率切换一次。
可选的，所述第二设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率可以包括：
第二设备用于将每个第一周期划分为N个子周期进行功率统计，N为大于3的奇数，分别判定每个子周期的频率，得到N个判定频率，将出现次数最多的频率作为第一周期接收信号的频率。
可选的，第一频率模式中的NBT个频率均为第一频率，第二频率模式中的NAT个频率均为第一频率。
为了方便理解，如图14所示，以微波设备为例说明其如何实现天线的对准，其中发射机通过开关，中射频电路和发射相移器向发射天线发送信号，通过改变发射相移器可以改变发射信号的发射波束方向。接收机通过接收中射频电路，接收相移器从接收天线接收信号，通过改变接收相移器可以改变接收信号的接收波束方向。控制器通过发射波束控制信号控制发射波束表配置发射相移器从而控制发射波束方向，例如发射波束表存储有发射波束集合的查找表，发射波束控制信号为波束序号，根据输入的波束序号查表输出对应波束的相位配置；控制器通过接收波束控制信号控制接收波束表配置接收相移器从而控制接收波束方向，例如，接收波束表存储有接收波束集合的查找表，接收波束控制信号为波束序号，根据输入的波束序号查表输出对应波束的相位配置。
从接收中射频电路耦合出部分接收信号可以进行功率检测和频率检测，其中功率检测器以Tc为周期检测接收信号的功率大小，输出Tc时间内的平均功率值，鉴频器以Td为周期检测接收信号的频率信息，输出Td时间内主频点分量的频率，并将检测结果送到控制器，控制器控制发射波束的遍历，发射频率的遍历以及接收波束的遍历。控制器通过接收功率和频率信息，根据本发明的双向对准方法产生收发波束的序列号，以及单音信号产生器和切 换开关的配置命令，控制整套装置完成双向对准。
图14中通过单音信号产生器和开关控制发射频率的遍历，信号产生器根据控制器的配置命令产生某一固定频率f的单音信号exp(2πft)，开关根据控制器的配置命令将发射机的发送信号切换为正常通信信号或单音信号。
图14中的收发天线阵列既可以是同一个天线阵列，如时分双工系统，也可以是两个分离的天线阵列，如频分双工系统。在分离天线阵列中，由于天线阵列的差异，收发波束存在明显的不一致，需要分别对准。而在共用天线阵列的系统中，由于接收和发送信号所经过的电路不同，收发信号上也普遍存在通道一致性的差异，从而导致接收和发送波束之间存在偏差，同样需要分别对准。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统，装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统，装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种天线对准方法，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，第一设备的接收波束固定对准，第二设备的接收波束固定对准，第一设备的接收波束接收来自第二设备发射波束的信号，第二设备的接收波束接收来自第一设备发射波束的信号，其特征在于，包括：
    第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第一波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，根据第一频率模式遍历NBT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
    第二设备按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
    第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第二频率模式得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，得到对应第R个频率的接收信号的功率最大；
    第二设备按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变，所述NAT个频率中的第R个为指定频率；
    第一设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率，根据第一波束模式得到对应每个波束的接收信号的频率，得到对应第R个波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率；
    第一设备固定波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率的波束为发射波束。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束 切换一次；
    所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期频率切换一次。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；
    所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；
    所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；
    所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期频率切换一次。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率包括：
    第二设备将每个第一周期划分为N个子周期，N为大于3的奇数，分别判定每个子周期的频率，得到N个判定频率，将出现次数最多的频率作为第一周期接收信号的频率。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第一频率模式中的NBT个频率均为第一频率，第二频率模式中的NAT个频率均为第一频率。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第二设备的接收波束固 定对准包括：
    第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
    第二设备按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
    第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
    第二设备固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
  9. 一种天线对准方法，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，其特征在于，包括：
    第一设备按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
    第二设备按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
    第二设备统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
    第二设备固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三波束模式包括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四波束模式包 括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期接收波束切换一次。
  12. 一种天线对准系统，包括第一设备和第二设备，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，第一设备的接收波束固定对准，第二设备的接收波束固定对准，第一设备的接收波束接收来自第二设备发射波束的信号，第二设备的接收波束接收来自第一设备发射波束的信号，其特征在于，包括：
    第一设备用于按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第一波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，根据第一频率模式遍历NBT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
    第二设备用于按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变；
    第二设备用于统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第二频率模式得到对应每个频率的接收信号的功率，得到对应第R个频率的接收信号的功率最大；
    第二设备用于按照第一周期向第一设备发射信号，根据第二波束模式遍历NBT个发射波束的切换，根据第二频率模式遍历NAT个频率的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备发射信号的发射波束和频率不变，所述NAT个频率中的第R个为指定频率；
    第一设备用于判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率，根据第一波束模式得到对应每个波束的接收信号的频率，得到对应第R个波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率；
    第一设备用于固定波束的接收信号的频率为指定频率的波束为发射波束。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束 切换一次；
    所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期频率切换一次。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；
    所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述第一波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期发射波束切换一次；
    所述第一频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期频率切换一次。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述第二波束模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次；
    所述第二频率模式包括NAT×NBT个第一周期，每NBT个第一周期频率切换一次。
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第二设备判定每个第一周期接收信号的频率包括：
    第二设备用于将每个第一周期划分为N个子周期进行功率统计，N为大于3的奇数，分别判定每个子周期的频率，得到N个判定频率，将出现次数最多的频率作为第一周期接收信号的频率。
  18. 根据权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，第一频率模式中的NBT个频率均为第一频率，第二频率模式中的NAT个频率均为第一频率。
  19. 根据权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，
    第一设备用于按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
    第二设备用于按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
    第二设备用于统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
    第二设备用于固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
  20. 一种天线对准系统，包括第一设备和第二设备，第一设备有NAT个发射波束，NAR个接收波束，第二设备有NBT个发射波束，NBR个接收波束，其特征在于，
    第一设备用于按照第一周期向第二设备发射信号，根据第三波束模式遍历NAT个发射波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第一设备发射信号的发射波束不变；
    第二设备用于按照第一周期从第一设备接收信号，根据第四波束模式遍历NBR个接收波束的切换，同一个第一周期内第二设备接收信号的接收波束不变，每个接收波束可以接收到来自第一设备NAT个发射波束的信号；
    第二设备用于统计每个第一周期接收信号的功率，根据第四波束模式得到对应每个接收波束的接收信号的功率，得到对应第S个接收波束的接收信号的功率最大；
    第二设备用于固定接收波束的接收信号的功率最大的波束为接收波束。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第三波束模式包括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每个第一周期发射波束切换一次。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第四波束模式包括NAT×NBR个第一周期，每NAT个第一周期接收波束切换一次。
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