WO2016105130A1 - Procédé et appareil permettant de commander le fonctionnement d'une batterie à flux redox - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil permettant de commander le fonctionnement d'une batterie à flux redox Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016105130A1
WO2016105130A1 PCT/KR2015/014194 KR2015014194W WO2016105130A1 WO 2016105130 A1 WO2016105130 A1 WO 2016105130A1 KR 2015014194 W KR2015014194 W KR 2015014194W WO 2016105130 A1 WO2016105130 A1 WO 2016105130A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell module
flow battery
redox flow
internal resistance
potential difference
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PCT/KR2015/014194
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
이지영
홍민기
예희창
김수환
Original Assignee
오씨아이 주식회사
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Publication of WO2016105130A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016105130A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/20—Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling operation of a redox flow battery.
  • the redox flow battery is a kind of secondary battery, and converts chemical energy into electrical energy or converts electrical energy into chemical energy through a charging or discharging process.
  • the material constituting the electrode itself participates in the oxidation / reduction reaction
  • the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte flowing on the electrode surface causes the oxidation / reduction reaction to perform charging and discharging.
  • the redox flow battery may set the charge or discharge capacity by adjusting the electrode area and the volume of the electrolyte.
  • Such a redox flow battery is gradually reduced in efficiency as charging or discharging is repeatedly performed.
  • the most important cause of the deterioration of the redox flow cell is the increase in the internal resistance of the cell.
  • the increase in the internal resistance of the battery includes deterioration of the battery material, an increase in contact resistance, inflow of foreign substances, and a decrease in the reactivity of the electrode.
  • the ion concentration of the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte rapidly increases locally, thus depositing the oxide of the electrolyte in the solid form on the surface of the electrode.
  • the surface area of the electrode involved in the oxidation / reduction reaction is reduced, which leads to a decrease in the reactivity of the electrode.
  • the electrolyte concentration and operating temperature are limitedly set, or the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is limited to a predetermined level or less.
  • SOC state of charge
  • an alkaline solution may be incorporated into a battery, or a method may be used in which an electrode is decomposed and washed with a cleaning solution or the like.
  • the conventional method of limiting the operation conditions of the redox flow battery or stopping the operation has a problem of causing another efficiency degradation of the redox flow battery.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a redox flow battery which can increase the efficiency of the redox flow battery by appropriately removing the solid form precipitates generated during the operation of the redox flow battery.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a redox flow battery which can increase the efficiency of the redox flow battery by removing precipitates without limiting the operation conditions of the redox flow battery or stopping the operation.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling an operation of a redox flow battery, the method comprising: measuring an initial internal resistance value of a cell module of the redox flow battery; Determining whether the change amount of the resistance value exceeds the first reference value, and when the change amount exceeds the first reference value, the potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell module is smaller than a predetermined reference potential difference. And controlling the flow of current applied to the cell module.
  • the operation control device of the redox flow battery the measuring unit for measuring the initial internal resistance value of the cell module of the redox flow battery and the amount of change of the internal resistance value of the cell module relative to the initial internal resistance value It is determined whether the first reference value is exceeded, and if the change amount exceeds the first reference value, the potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell module is smaller than a predetermined reference potential difference. It is another feature that the control unit for controlling the flow of the current applied to the cell module.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an operation control apparatus of a redox flow battery and a redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation control method of a redox flow battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a graph showing a general charge and discharge curve of the redox flow battery.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a charge and discharge curve of the redox flow battery appearing according to the operation control of the redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a charging curve of a redox flow battery according to the prior art and the redox flow battery according to the operation control of the redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing a discharge curve of the redox flow battery according to the prior art and the redox flow battery according to the operation control of the redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating voltage efficiency before and after performing the operation control of the redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an operation control apparatus of a redox flow battery and a redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a redox flow battery includes a positive electrode tank 102, a negative electrode tank 104, a cell module 106, a positive electrode pump 114, and a negative electrode pump ( 116).
  • a positive electrode electrolyte containing a positive electrode electrolyte is stored in the positive electrode tank 102, and a negative electrode electrolyte containing a negative electrode electrolyte is stored in the negative electrode tank 104. do.
  • the positive electrode pump 114 moves the positive electrode electrolyte stored in the positive electrode tank 102 into the cell module 106, and the positive electrode electrolyte passing through the cell module 106 is again returned. Return to the positive electrode tank 102.
  • the negative electrode pump 116 moves the negative electrode electrolyte stored in the negative electrode tank 104 into the cell module 106, and the negative electrode electrolyte passing through the cell module 106 is again returned. Return to the negative electrode tank 104.
  • the redox flow battery uses vanadium ions as the electrolyte, and V 5+ and V 4+ are used as the (+) electrode electrolyte stored in the (+) electrode tank 102 (- ) V 3+ and V 2+ are used as the negative electrode electrolyte stored in the electrode tank 104.
  • V 5+ and V 4+ are used as the (+) electrode electrolyte stored in the (+) electrode tank 102 (- )
  • V 3+ and V 2+ are used as the negative electrode electrolyte stored in the electrode tank 104.
  • the cell module 106 includes a positive electrode 110, a negative electrode 112, and an ion exchange membrane 108.
  • the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 are connected to the power supply 118, respectively, and the power supply 118 is connected to the second direction 12, that is, to charge the cell module 106.
  • -) Supply current so that current flows from the electrode to the (+) electrode.
  • the ion exchange membrane 108 prevents mixing between the positive electrode electrolyte and the electrolyte ions contained in the negative electrode electrolyte in the cell module 106, and allows only the transfer of charge carrier ions of each electrolyte.
  • a load (not shown) may be connected to the cell module 106. In this case, a current may flow in the first direction 11, that is, in the positive electrode. Flow toward the negative electrode.
  • a direct cause of lowering the efficiency of the redox flow battery as shown in FIG. 1 is an increase in the internal resistance of the battery.
  • Increasing the internal resistance of the battery is caused by deterioration of the battery material, an increase in contact resistance, inflow of foreign matter and a decrease in reactivity of the electrode.
  • the concentration of each vanadium ion is locally increased at the end of the charging and discharging process, and the vanadium oxide is solid on the electrodes 110 and 112 surface. Precipitates.
  • the surface area to which the electrodes can react is reduced, which causes a decrease in reactivity of the electrodes 110 and 112.
  • V 5+ and V 4+ ions are present at the (+) electrode of the redox flow battery, and V 3+ and V 2+ ions are present at the ( ⁇ ) electrode, and the electromotive force of the redox flow battery is About 1.4V.
  • V 5+ ions present in the (+) electrode tend to be precipitated because they have low solubility compared to V 4+ ions. Therefore, when charging reaction occurs in the redox flow battery according to the current supply by the power supply 118, when there are more V 5+ ions than V 4+ ions in the (+) electrode, V 5+ ions are positive (+) It may precipitate in a solid form on the surface of the electrode 110.
  • the operation control apparatus 120 of the redox flow battery removes the precipitates thus generated through an electrochemical method.
  • an operation control apparatus 120 of a redox flow battery includes a measuring unit 122 and a control unit 124.
  • the measuring unit 122 measures an initial internal resistance value of the cell module 106.
  • the measurement unit 122 measures the voltage, the open circuit voltage (OCV) and the current of the cell module 106 in real time, and the internal resistance value of the cell module 106 according to the following equation. Can be calculated.
  • Equation 1 R is the internal resistance value of the cell module 106
  • V AVR is the average voltage value of the cell module 106
  • OCV AVR is the average OCV value of the cell module 106
  • I is the cell module 106 Indicates the current flowing through
  • the reason for using the average voltage value and the average OCV value of the cell module 106 in [Equation 1] is that the number of cells included in the cell module 106 may vary according to the configuration of the redox flow battery, This is because the voltage value of each cell included in the cell module 106 is calculated differently depending on whether the connection is serial or parallel.
  • the controller 124 uses the initial internal resistance value of the cell module 106 and the internal resistance value of the cell module 106 measured by the measuring unit 122 to determine the internal value of the cell module 106. The amount of change in the resistance value can be calculated. The controller 124 determines whether the change amount of the internal resistance value calculated as described above exceeds the first reference value, and when the change amount of the internal resistance value exceeds the first reference value, (+) of the cell module 106. The flow of current applied to the cell module is controlled such that the potential difference between the electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 is smaller than a predetermined reference potential difference. In one embodiment of the present invention, the reference potential difference may be defined as the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 when the discharge of the redox flow battery is completed.
  • control unit 124 is the power supply unit 118 so that the potential difference between the (+) electrode 110 and the (-) electrode 112 of the cell module 106 is smaller than the reference potential difference. ) May supply current in the second direction 12.
  • the first reference value R1 may be defined as follows.
  • R1 R I ⁇ a
  • R I represents an initial resistance value of the cell module 106 and a is a predetermined constant (eg, 1.05). As shown in Equation 2, since the first reference value R1 is a value determined by the initial resistance value R I , it may vary depending on the configuration of the redox flow battery.
  • control unit 124 is a cell module such that the potential difference between the (+) electrode 110 and the (-) electrode 112 of the cell module 106 is smaller than the reference potential difference only during a predetermined control time.
  • the flow of current applied to 106 may be controlled.
  • the controller 124 is applied to the cell module 106 such that the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 of the cell module 106 is smaller than the reference potential difference.
  • the change in the internal resistance value of the cell module 106 measured after controlling the flow of current is less than the second reference value
  • the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 of the cell module 106 is determined. May control the flow of current applied to the cell module 106 to be greater than the reference potential difference.
  • the control unit 124 continuously measures the change amount of the internal resistance value of the cell module 106 after causing the power supply unit 118 to supply current in the second direction 12, and the measured change amount is the second reference value. If it is determined to fall down, the power supply unit 118 supplies the current in the first direction 11 again, so that the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 of the cell module 106 is reduced. It can be made larger than the reference potential difference.
  • the second reference value R2 may be defined as follows.
  • R2 R I ⁇ b
  • R I represents an initial resistance value of the cell module 106 and b is a predetermined constant (eg, 1.005). As shown in Equation 3, since the second reference value R2 is a value determined by the initial resistance value R I , it may vary depending on the configuration of the redox flow battery.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation control method of a redox flow battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the measurement unit 122 measures an initial internal resistance value of the cell module 106 (202). Then, the control unit 124 measures the amount of change in the internal resistance value of the cell module 106 with respect to the initial internal resistance value (204). To this end, the measurement unit 122 may measure the internal resistance of the cell module 106 in real time, and the controller 124 may calculate the difference between the measured internal resistance and the initial internal resistance as a change amount of the internal resistance. Can be.
  • the controller 124 determines whether the calculated amount of change in internal resistance exceeds a preset first reference value (206). If the determination 206 results in that the internal resistance change amount does not exceed the first reference value, step 204 is performed again. However, as a result of the determination 206, when the internal resistance change amount exceeds the first reference value, the controller 124 determines that the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 of the cell module 106 is smaller than the reference potential difference. Control the flow of current applied to the cell module 106 (208).
  • FIG. 1 When the redox flow battery of FIG. 1 operates normally, the power supply unit 118 flows current to the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 in the first direction 11.
  • 3 is a graph showing a general charge and discharge curve of the redox flow battery.
  • point 302 represents the point where the discharge begins.
  • the potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 1.6V to 1.6V.
  • the potential difference decreases to 1V again.
  • the potential difference for example, 1 V
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a charge and discharge curve of the redox flow battery appearing according to the operation control of the redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the curves before point 1 and after point 7 in FIG. 4 represent the general charge and discharge curves as in FIG. 3.
  • the controller 124 may determine the intervals 1 to 4 of FIG. 2. Likewise, the flow of current flowing in the cell module 106 is controlled so that the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 is smaller than the reference potential difference, that is, the potential difference (for example, 1 V) at the time when discharge is completed. . As a result, the potential difference of the cell module 106 gradually decreases below zero from the reference potential difference.
  • the controller 124 is applied to the cell module 106 such that the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 of the cell module 106 is smaller than the reference potential difference. If the amount of change in the internal resistance value of the cell module 106 measured after controlling the flow of the current to be less than the second reference value, the (+) electrode 110 and (-) electrode 112 of the cell module 106 The flow of current applied to the cell module 106 may be controlled such that the potential difference is greater than the reference potential difference. For example, the controller 124 continuously measures the amount of change in the internal resistance of the cell module 106, and if it is determined that the measured amount of change in the internal resistance falls below the second reference value, the sections 1 to 4 in the cell module 106.
  • the current flows in the opposite direction to () so that the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 of the cell module 106 becomes larger than the reference potential difference as shown in the section 4 to 7 of FIG. 4. Can be. In the periods 4 to 7, the following reactions occur in the positive electrode 110.
  • the potential difference of the redox flow battery after the point 7 may be restored to the reference potential difference or more, and the normal charging and discharging process may be performed again.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a charging curve of a redox flow battery according to the prior art and the redox flow battery according to the operation control of the redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a prior art Is a graph showing a discharge curve of a redox flow battery according to the present invention and a redox flow battery according to an operation control of the redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Curve 502 in FIG. 5 shows the charging curve in the second cycle after the start of the operation of the redox flow battery
  • curve 602 in FIG. 6 shows the discharge curve in the second cycle after the start of the operation of the redox flow battery. Indicates.
  • curve 504 in FIG. 5 shows a charging curve at the 103rd cycle after the start of operation of the redox flow battery
  • curve 604 in FIG. 6 shows a discharge curve at the 103rd cycle after the start of operation of the redox flow battery. Indicates. As can be seen from FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, when the operating cycle of the redox flow battery increases, a larger voltage appears even though the same current flows during charging due to an increase in the internal resistance of the battery. Even if you pass, smaller voltage appears.
  • the curve 506 of FIG. 5 and the curve 606 of FIG. 6 respectively correspond to the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 according to the operation control method of the redox flow battery according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charge and discharge curves at the 105 th cycle are respectively shown after controlling the potential difference of) to be smaller than the reference potential difference.
  • the charge and discharge curves similar to those of the charge and discharge curves 502 and 602 at the second cycle are reduced due to the decrease in the internal resistance of the battery. Discharge curves 506 and 606 reappear.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating voltage efficiency before and after performing the operation control of the redox flow battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the point Q is such that the potential difference between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 112 is smaller than the reference potential difference according to the operation control method of the redox flow battery according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It represents the time point at which control is performed. As shown in FIG. 7, the internal resistance of the redox flow battery is reduced based on the point Q, and the voltage efficiency is restored to 89.8%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un appareil permettant de commander le fonctionnement d'une batterie à flux redox. Le procédé permettant de commander le fonctionnement d'une batterie à flux redox selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention comprend les étapes consistant à : mesurer la valeur de résistance interne initiale d'un module de cellule d'une batterie à flux redox ; déterminer si la quantité de variation de la valeur de résistance interne du module de cellule par rapport à la valeur de résistance interne initiale dépasse, ou non, une première valeur de référence ; et si la quantité de variation dépasse la première valeur de référence, réguler la circulation d'un courant électrique appliqué sur le module de cellule de telle sorte que la différence de potentiel entre une électrode positive (+) et une électrode négative (-) du module de cellule soit inférieure à une différence de potentiel de référence prédéterminée. La présente invention présente un avantage en ce que l'efficacité d'une batterie à flux redox peut être améliorée par l'élimination appropriée des précipités à l'état solide produits pendant le fonctionnement de la batterie à flux redox.
PCT/KR2015/014194 2014-12-23 2015-12-23 Procédé et appareil permettant de commander le fonctionnement d'une batterie à flux redox WO2016105130A1 (fr)

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KR1020140187431A KR20160077530A (ko) 2014-12-23 2014-12-23 레독스 흐름 전지의 운전 제어 방법 및 장치
KR10-2014-0187431 2014-12-23

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019139566A1 (fr) 2018-01-10 2019-07-18 United Technologies Corporation Régénération de batterie à flux
IT202000005263A1 (it) 2020-03-11 2021-09-11 Univ Degli Studi Padova Sistema di gestione per batterie di flusso redox

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102490046B1 (ko) * 2020-11-30 2023-01-18 남도금형(주) 전해액 이온 석출 문제를 개선한 레독스 흐름 전지

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JP2006114359A (ja) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-27 Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The レドックスフロー電池の運転方法
JP2007207620A (ja) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-16 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd レドックスフロー電池システム
JP2010175484A (ja) * 2009-01-31 2010-08-12 Calsonic Kansei Corp バッテリの内部抵抗成分推定方法及び充電容量推定方法
KR101394255B1 (ko) * 2012-12-18 2014-05-13 한국에너지기술연구원 레독스 흐름전지 및 그 운전 방법
KR20140080567A (ko) * 2012-12-11 2014-07-01 전자부품연구원 배터리 운용 시스템 및 운용 방법

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006114359A (ja) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-27 Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The レドックスフロー電池の運転方法
JP2007207620A (ja) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-16 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd レドックスフロー電池システム
JP2010175484A (ja) * 2009-01-31 2010-08-12 Calsonic Kansei Corp バッテリの内部抵抗成分推定方法及び充電容量推定方法
KR20140080567A (ko) * 2012-12-11 2014-07-01 전자부품연구원 배터리 운용 시스템 및 운용 방법
KR101394255B1 (ko) * 2012-12-18 2014-05-13 한국에너지기술연구원 레독스 흐름전지 및 그 운전 방법

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019139566A1 (fr) 2018-01-10 2019-07-18 United Technologies Corporation Régénération de batterie à flux
EP3738164A4 (fr) * 2018-01-10 2021-10-27 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Régénération de batterie à flux
US11462761B2 (en) 2018-01-10 2022-10-04 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Regeneration of flow battery
IT202000005263A1 (it) 2020-03-11 2021-09-11 Univ Degli Studi Padova Sistema di gestione per batterie di flusso redox

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