WO2016101776A1 - 可插拔式电涌保护器 - Google Patents

可插拔式电涌保护器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016101776A1
WO2016101776A1 PCT/CN2015/096200 CN2015096200W WO2016101776A1 WO 2016101776 A1 WO2016101776 A1 WO 2016101776A1 CN 2015096200 W CN2015096200 W CN 2015096200W WO 2016101776 A1 WO2016101776 A1 WO 2016101776A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact piece
housing
base
surge protector
spring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/096200
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨帆
张东俊
严鹏斌
Original Assignee
上海电科电器科技有限公司
上海诺雅克电气有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海电科电器科技有限公司, 上海诺雅克电气有限公司 filed Critical 上海电科电器科技有限公司
Priority to EP15871845.2A priority Critical patent/EP3240132B1/en
Publication of WO2016101776A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016101776A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/06—Mounting arrangements for a plurality of overvoltage arresters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of low voltage electrical appliances, and more particularly to surge protectors in low voltage electrical appliances.
  • the surge protector includes a nonlinear element, which is usually a metal oxide varistor (MOV) (hereinafter referred to as MOV).
  • MOV metal oxide varistor
  • MOV metal oxide varistor
  • MOV metal oxide varistor
  • a tripping mechanism is usually provided in the surge protector, and the tripping mechanism is connected in series with the MOV to disconnect the MOV from the circuit when the temperature rises. And give local and/or remote status notifications.
  • a pluggable surge protector is disclosed in the prior art, and the surge protector pluggable module includes a housing, a plug, a varistor, an overheat protector, an indicator, and a spring.
  • the outer casing includes a bottom cover, an intermediate body, and a top cover.
  • the bottom surface of the bottom cover is a flat surface, the front surface is open, and the top cover covers the front opening of the bottom cover to form a single unit pluggable module.
  • the front side of the intermediate body is open, and the bottom surface can be fixed above the bottom cover or fixed above the other intermediate body, and the top cover covers the front opening of the intermediate body to form a pluggable module of a plurality of units.
  • the base of the surge protector comprises a housing, a card board, a spring, a wiring board, a terminal block, a screw, a terminal block and a micro switch.
  • the housing has a "U" shaped opening and is the same size as the pluggable module. Also included is a socket that matches the plug of the pluggable module.
  • a pluggable module with a single unit or multiple units can be inserted into the base.
  • the pluggable surge protector has the following drawbacks: 1) The local status indication cannot give a green/red two distinct status indication. 2) The protection level and discharge capacity of a single MOV are limited. When a higher discharge capacity is required, two or more MOVs need to be connected in parallel, so that two or more of the above tripping mechanisms are required.
  • the solution uses multiple MOVs in parallel and then a series of tripping devices in series, but the solution uses conductive members to pass the lugs and electrodes through the low temperature alloy.
  • the soldering method is connected, so that two solder joints are formed, and the resulting defect is that when a large inrush current impact or MOV aging occurs, one of the two solder joints may have one of the solder joints first broken, and the other solder joint is not Disconnected, so that although the MOV has been disconnected from the line, the trip mechanism does not operate and gives a fault indication, which will result in the device being damaged by the protection of the surge protector.
  • the present invention is directed to a pluggable surge protector that enables multiple non-linear components to be tripped synchronously and has fault indication capabilities.
  • a pluggable surge protector comprising: a base and at least one pluggable module.
  • the base has a mounting opening with a pressure plate and a micro switch in the base, and the micro switch is located below the pressure plate.
  • At least one pluggable module is mounted to the base by a stop positioning mechanism and mounted in the mounting opening, each pluggable module comprising: a housing, a first contact piece, a second contact piece, a non-linear protection element, and a detachment Rod and indicator parts.
  • a mounting bracket is formed in the housing, and an indication window is opened at the top of the housing. The first contact piece and the second contact piece are mounted within the housing for electrical connection.
  • the non-linear protection component is mounted in the housing, the first pin of the non-linear protection component is connected to the first contact piece, and the second pin of the non-linear protection component is connected to the second contact piece via the intermediate conductor, wherein the intermediate conductor and the second conductor
  • the leads are connected by a low melting point alloy.
  • the detachment bar is coupled to the first spring, the detachment bar is coupled to the intermediate conductor, and the detachment bar includes a lower extension.
  • the indicator member is mounted on the top of the housing, the indicator member is horizontally movable, and the indicator member is coupled to the second spring.
  • the non-linear protection component works normally, the second pin is in electrical communication with the second contact piece through the intermediate conductor, the disengagement rod is supported by the intermediate conductor, and the first spring is compressed, The indicator member is aligned with the position of the indication window and the second spring is compressed.
  • the non-linear protection element causes abnormal temperature rise, the low-melting alloy softens, the first spring is released and pushes off the rod and the intermediate conductor to move, and the electrical connection is cut off.
  • the lower extension portion contacts the pressure plate, the pressure plate triggers the microswitch; the second spring is released and urges the position of the indicator member to move away from the indicator window.
  • the intermediate conductor includes a U-shaped bracket and a flexible connector.
  • the first contact piece and the second contact piece are respectively located at two sides of the housing, and the first contact piece and the second contact piece extend downwardly out of the housing.
  • the non-linear protection component is located between the first contact piece and the second contact piece, the first pin of the non-linear protection element is directly connected to the first contact piece, and the second pin of the non-linear protection element is connected by the U-shaped bracket and the flexible connection
  • the piece is connected to the second contact piece, and the second pin is connected to the U-shaped bracket by a low melting point alloy.
  • the detachment bar is mounted in the U-bracket, the top of the detachment bar having a raised stepped body, the first spring being mounted between the top of the detachment bar and the housing.
  • the lower extension of the detachment bar extends below the U-shaped bracket.
  • a second spring is mounted between the indicator member and the housing.
  • the non-linear protection element causes abnormal temperature to rise, the low-melting alloy softens, the first spring releases, pushes the detachment rod and the U-shaped bracket to move downward, the lower extension part contacts the pressure plate downward, and the protruding step body of the detachment rod no longer limits the indication.
  • the second spring is released and urges the position of the indicating member to move away from the indicating window.
  • the U-bracket is fabricated from a metallic material and the first leg of the U-bracket is welded to the second pin of the non-linear protective component by a low melting alloy.
  • the flexible connector is a metal flexible strap that is coupled between the second leg of the U-shaped bracket and the second contact strip. The first contact piece or the second contact piece is notched.
  • the non-linear protection element comprises a plurality of superimposed pressure sensitive chips that are connected in parallel by shorting rows.
  • the non-linear protection element further includes a gas discharge tube in series with the plurality of pressure sensitive chips in parallel. Insulation between the gas discharge tube and the pressure sensitive chip board.
  • the pressure plate has circular projections at both ends, the base has a circular hole, the circular projection is mounted in the circular hole, and the pressure plate is rotatably mounted to the base.
  • the stop positioning mechanism comprises: a first positioning member mounted on the bottom of the housing of the pluggable module, a second positioning member mounted on the base, and being mounted on the base for receiving the lower release lever Let the hole.
  • the two first positioning members are arranged along the b-axis and are symmetric about the a-axis
  • the two second positioning members are arranged along the b-axis and are symmetric about the a-axis
  • the two first positioning members and the two second positioning members are respectively aligned with each other .
  • the two relief holes are arranged along the a-axis and are symmetric about the b-axis, with the lower detachment bar being aligned with one of the relief holes.
  • the a-axis is the longitudinal symmetry axis of the pedestal
  • the b-axis is the transverse symmetry axis of each pluggable module, the a-axis and the b-axis being perpendicular.
  • the stop positioning mechanism further includes: a longitudinal rib, a lateral rib, and a groove.
  • Longitudinal ribs are formed on both sides of the housing.
  • Lateral ribs are formed on both sides of the housing, adjacent to the longitudinal ribs.
  • the groove is formed on the base.
  • the housing is inserted into the base, and the longitudinal ribs are in contact with the base, and the pressing base is shaped and deformed, and the mounting opening is enlarged.
  • the housing is mounted in position, the longitudinal ribs snap into the grooves, the base shape is restored, the mounting opening is restored, and the grooves and longitudinal ribs secure the housing to the base.
  • the lateral ridge is swayed, the pedestal is deformed again, the mounting opening is enlarged, and the housing is detached from the pedestal.
  • the lower end portion of the longitudinal rib is convex, and the convex lower end portion has a circular arc shape or has a bidirectional inclined surface.
  • the pluggable surge protector of the invention can realize synchronous tripping of a plurality of non-linear components, the tripping is safe and reliable, and the state indication is accurate.
  • the nonlinear component is connected in parallel with the gas discharge tube by a plurality of pressure sensitive chips in parallel, and can adapt to high energy waveform impact.
  • the pluggable module and the base are provided with a stop positioning mechanism, so that the pluggable module can be engaged with the base in a normal position and a 180° rotation position, and the stop positioning mechanism also enables the pluggable module to cooperate with the base. Firm, not loose.
  • FIG. 1 discloses a block diagram of a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 discloses a cross-sectional schematic view of electrical communication of a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a non-linear protection element in a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the connection of a nonlinear protection element in a pluggable surge protector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5a and 5b illustrate a block diagram and circuit diagram of a non-linear protection element in a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram of a pluggable surge protector in a normal operating state in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a block diagram of a pluggable surge protector in a fault condition in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation of a pressure plate and a base in a pluggable surge protector according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 discloses a structural view of a stop positioning mechanism in a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, showing a first positioning member and a second positioning member.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a block diagram of a stop positioning mechanism in a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, showing longitudinal ribs and lateral ribs.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the engagement of a stop positioning mechanism in a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • connection is used herein to describe. This document refers to mechanical and electrical structures, so the term “connection” encompasses both mechanical and electrical connections. Mechanical connections are required to meet mechanical strength and mechanical operation, and electrical connections are required to meet electrical continuity. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the term “connected” as used in each context is meant to mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or both.
  • the invention hopes that the thermal detachment mechanism of the surge protector and the state indicating device thereof are safer and more reliable, and the state indication is accurate, and the multiple MOVs can be synchronously tripped in the case of using multiple MOVs, and when the module is in the normal position and rotated The position after 180° can also be perfectly matched to the base.
  • the surge protector of the present invention comprises a base, a pluggable module plugged into the base, at least one MOV located in the pluggable module, and a tripping device for separating the MOV from the line. And its status indicating device.
  • the trip device is provided with a sliding rod, and a pressure is applied to the sliding rod, and one end of the sliding rod is in contact with the local state indicating member, and the other end is in contact with the pressure plate of the remote state indicating switch.
  • the local state indicator is in the indication window position under the limit of the sliding rod.
  • the low temperature alloy melts and the sliding rod moves under the action of the spring pressure, thereby taking off
  • the buckle separates the MOV from the line, and the local indicator loses the limitation of the sliding rod at this time and slides out of the indication window under the action of the spring, thereby indicating the fault state, while the sliding rod touches the pressure plate mounted on the base, and the pressure plate touches the remote switch Action, giving the corresponding status indication. Since the local status indicator is located at the end of the slide bar and the remote indicating switch is located at the other end of the slide bar, the start and end states are not affected by the state of the start and end states as well as the indicator and the pressure plate during the movement of the slide bar.
  • the tripping fault occurs due to the influence of the indicator, and the tripping mechanism uses a soft coupling method. Only a single low-temperature alloy welding breakpoint is more reliable and the state indication is more accurate. At the same time, this solution can connect multiple MOVs in parallel and then connect the trip units in series to realize synchronous tripping of multiple MOVs.
  • the error-proof insertion device and the remote switch pressure plate of the invention are symmetrically arranged, and the pluggable module can be perfectly matched with the base when the position of the pluggable module is in a normal position and rotated by 180°, so that the product is installed and wired. more convenient.
  • It is provided with a locking and anti-loose design, and its principle is realized by the plastic deformation of the plastic itself for locking and arc guiding.
  • a pluggable surge protector is disclosed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pluggable surge protector includes a base 114 and at least one pluggable module 105.
  • the base 114 has a mounting opening for receiving a pluggable module.
  • the pedestal 114 is of a multi-phase configuration and can accommodate a plurality of pluggable modules 105 at the same time. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of pluggable modules 105 are placed side by side on the base 114 for protection of various power supply systems.
  • the base 114 has a pressure plate 107 and a micro switch 108, and the micro switch 108 is located below the pressure plate (107). The function of the platen 107 and the microswitch 108 will be described in detail below.
  • the at least one pluggable module 105 is mounted on the base 114 by a stop positioning mechanism, and is mounted in the mounting opening.
  • Each pluggable module 105 includes a housing 118, a first contact piece 110, and a second contact piece 112.
  • the non-linear protection element 109, the release lever 106 and the indicator member 101 is mounted on the base 114 by a stop positioning mechanism, and is mounted in the mounting opening.
  • the housing 118 is the outer casing of the pluggable module 105, and as shown, a mounting bracket is also formed in the housing 118 for mounting the various components.
  • An indication window 133 is opened at the top of the housing 118.
  • the first contact piece 110 and the second contact piece 112 are mounted in the housing 118 at positions on both sides of the housing 118, and the first contact piece 110 and the second contact piece 112 extend downwardly out of the housing 118. Referring to FIG. 2, the first contact piece 110 and the second contact piece 112 are electrically connected to the contact base on the base to form a conductive path.
  • the non-linear protection element 109 is mounted within a housing 118 that is located between the first contact strip 110 and the second contact strip 112.
  • the first pin 109b of the nonlinear protection element 109 is directly connected to the first contact piece 110, and the second pin 109a of the non-linear protection element 109 is passed through the U-shaped bracket 131 and the flexible connector 132. Connected to the second contact piece 112.
  • the U-shaped bracket 131 and the flexible connecting member 132 are electrically conductive materials, and the second lead 109a is connected to them through a low melting point alloy. Pick up.
  • the U-shaped bracket 131 is made of a metal material, and the first leg of the U-shaped bracket 131 is welded to the second pin 109a of the nonlinear protection element 109 by a low melting point alloy.
  • the flexible connector 132 is a metal flexible strap that is coupled between the second leg of the U-shaped bracket 131 and the second contact strip 112. It should be understood that the U-shaped bracket 131 and the flexible connecting member 132 constitute an intermediate conductor, and the intermediate conductor functions on the one hand to form a conductive path, and on the other hand, to support the detachment rod 106 when the low melting point alloy is not softened, and to be heated in the low melting point alloy. When softened, the intermediate conductor moves with the release lever 106, cutting off the conductive path.
  • the implementation of the intermediate conductor is not limited to the U-shaped bracket and flexible connector shown here, and can be implemented in other ways with the same function.
  • the first contact piece 110 and the second contact piece 112 are provided with a notch 110a.
  • the function of the notch 110a is to facilitate the welding process of the contact piece.
  • FIG. 4 also shows the first positioning member 111. It should be noted that, in practice, it is not necessary to have the notch 110a on both contact pieces, but in view of the versatility of the components, the first contact piece 110 and the second contact piece 112 generally adopt the same zero. The component, therefore, has a gap on both contact pieces.
  • the non-linear protection element 109 includes a plurality of pressure sensitive chips 123 arranged in a superimposed manner. In one embodiment, the non-linear protection element 109 also has a gas discharge tube 121.
  • 5a and 5b illustrate a block diagram and circuit diagram of a non-linear protection element in a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 5a and 5b, a plurality of pieces of pressure sensitive chips 123 are superimposed, and a plurality of pieces of pressure sensitive chips 123 are connected in parallel through a shorting row 119. The flow rate of the nonlinear protection element can be increased by connecting a plurality of pressure sensitive chips 123 in parallel with the short circuit row 119.
  • the plurality of pressure sensitive chips 123 connected in parallel are connected in series with the gas discharge tube 121.
  • the series gas discharge tubes 121 can reduce the leakage current of the pressure sensitive chip and prolong the service life of the components.
  • an insulating plate 122 is disposed between the gas discharge tube 121 and the pressure sensitive chip 123.
  • the insulating plate 122 electrically insulates the gas discharge tube 121 from the pressure sensitive chip 123.
  • the first pin 109b of the nonlinear protection element 109 is taken out from the side of the gas discharge tube 121, and the second pin 109a is taken out from the side of the pressure sensitive chip 123 (refer to FIG. 3).
  • the disengagement rod 106 is mounted in the U-shaped bracket 131, off the body of the rod 106. It is placed in the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped bracket 131.
  • the top of the release lever 106 has a convex step body. It should be noted that the raised step body also has structural strength considerations.
  • a first spring 104 is mounted between the top of the disengagement rod 106 and the housing 118.
  • the lower extension portion 106a of the detachment lever 106 extends below the U-shaped bracket 131.
  • the lower extension portion 106a has a downward projection.
  • the indicating member 101 is mounted on the top of the housing 118, the indicating member 101 is horizontally movable, and the second spring 102 is mounted between the indicating member 101 and the housing 118.
  • the top of the housing 118 has a support member 103, the indicating member 101 moves along the support member 103, the support member 103 is horizontally disposed, and the second spring 102 is disposed at the indicating member 101 and the supporting member 103. between.
  • the support member 103 and the indication member 101 have different colors, for example, the support member 103 is red, and the indication member 101 is green, so that the support member 103 and the indication member 101 are observed by the indication window 133 to be able to display different colors to indicate different status.
  • the base 114 includes a platen 107 and a microswitch 108.
  • the micro switch 108 is located below the pressure plate 107.
  • the downward movement of the projection of the lower extension portion 106a contacts the pressure plate 107, and the pressure plate 107 further activates the microswitch 108.
  • the purpose of the platen 107 is to enable the plurality of microswitches 108 to operate in synchronism. Since each of the pluggable modules 105 corresponds to one of the microswitches 108, since the pluggable module 105 has the possibility of rotational insertion, the pluggable module 105 cannot trigger the microswitch 108 in the case of rotational insertion.
  • the micro switch 108 can be triggered by the pressure plate 107 regardless of how the pluggable module 105 is mounted. Moreover, the pressure plate 107 can simultaneously trigger a plurality of micro switches 108, which is advantageous in reducing cost and simplifying the structure.
  • the second pin 109a is in electrical communication with the second contact piece 112 through the U-shaped bracket 131 and the flexible connector 132 to form a conductive path.
  • the low melting point alloy between the U-shaped bracket 131 and the second lead 109a is in a solid state and has sufficient mechanical strength. Therefore, the release lever 106 is supported by the U-shaped bracket 131.
  • the raised step body at the top of the detachment bar 106 extends upwardly into the same height as the indicator member 101. The raised step body off the top of the rod 106 compresses the second spring 102 and limits the indicator member 101 to the position of the alignment indicating window 133.
  • the support plate 120 in FIG. 6 is a support plate for placing the micro switch 108.
  • the intermediate conductor can have other forms, it can be summarized that the nonlinear protection element 109 operates normally, the second pin 109a is in electrical communication with the second contact piece 112 through the intermediate conductor, the release lever 106 is supported by the intermediate conductor, and the first spring 104 is Compressed, the indicator member 101 is aligned with the position of the indication window 133, and the second spring 102 is compressed.
  • the non-linear protection element 109 malfunctions to cause temperature rise, the second pin 109a generates heat, and the low-melting alloy at the first pin 109a and the first leg of the U-bracket 131 softens, and the mechanical strength decreases.
  • the spring force of the first spring 104 is sufficient, the low melting point alloy softens and breaks, the first spring 104 is elongated, and its spring force pushes the disengagement rod 106 downward, so that the U-shaped bracket 131 also moves downward and the second guide
  • the foot 109a is separated, and the second pin 109a is cut off by the U-shaped bracket 131 and the flexible connecting member 132 in electrical communication with the second contact piece 112, and the circuit is disconnected.
  • the lower extension portion 106a is downward with the U-shaped bracket 131, and the downward projection of the lower extension portion 106a contacts the pressure plate 107 and triggers the microswitch 108.
  • the micro switch 108 is triggered, an alarm action is generated to generate an alarm signal.
  • the disengagement lever 106 moves downward with the U-shaped bracket 131, the protruding stepped body of the disengagement lever 106 no longer restricts the indication member 101, and the second spring 102 is extended, and its spring force pushes the indication member 101 to move away from the support member.
  • the location of window 133 since the disengagement lever 106 moves downward with the U-shaped bracket 131, the protruding stepped body of the disengagement lever 106 no longer restricts the indication member 101, and the second spring 102 is extended, and its spring force pushes the indication member 101 to move away from the support member.
  • the color of the support member 103 can be observed through the indication window 133, indicating that a failure has occurred.
  • the fault status can be seen in Figure 7.
  • the flexible connector 132 is a metal flexible band, U
  • the lowering of the bracket 131 does not affect the connection of the flexible connector 132 to the second leg of the U-bracket 131.
  • the intermediate conductor can have other forms, it can be summarized that the non-linear protective element 109 malfunctions to cause temperature rise, the low melting point alloy softens, the first spring 104 is released and pushes the detachment rod 106 and the intermediate conductor to move, and electrical communication is cut off.
  • the lower extension portion 106a contacts the pressure plate 107, and the pressure plate 107 triggers the micro switch 108.
  • the second spring 102 is released and pushes the position where the indicating member 101 moves away from the indication window 133.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation of a pressure plate and a base in a pluggable surge protector according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the pressure plate 107 has circular projections 107a at both ends thereof, and the base 114 has a circular hole 114a.
  • the circular projection 107a is mounted in the circular hole 114a, and the pressure plate 107 is rotatably mounted to the base 114.
  • the pressing plate 107 can be rotated when pushed by the lower extending portion 106a, and the micro switch 108 is triggered after the rotation, so that the micro switch 108 sends an alarm signal.
  • FIG-11 illustrate a stop positioning mechanism in a pluggable surge protector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the purpose of the stop positioning mechanism is to make the pluggable module fit perfectly with the base when it is in the normal position and rotated 180°.
  • Another purpose of the stop positioning mechanism is to stop the lock, and the plastic deformation of the plastic itself is used for locking and arc guiding.
  • FIG. 9 discloses a structural view of a stop positioning mechanism in a pluggable surge protector according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a first positioning member and a second positioning member are illustrated.
  • the first positioning member 111 and the second positioning member 116 constitute a positioning member in the stop positioning mechanism.
  • the first positioning member 111 is mounted at the bottom of the housing 118 of the pluggable module 105, and the first positioning member 111 is also visible in FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • the second positioning member 116 is mounted on the base 114, and the second positioning member 116 is also visible in FIG.
  • the positioning member in the stop positioning mechanism further includes a retaining hole 117 formed in the base 114 for receiving the lower extending portion 106a. Referring to FIG.
  • the two first positioning members 111 are arranged along the b-axis and are symmetric about the a-axis
  • the two second positioning members 116 are arranged along the b-axis and are symmetric about the a-axis, the two first positioning members 111 and two.
  • the second positioning members 116 are respectively aligned with each other.
  • Two yielding holes 117 are arranged along the a-axis and are symmetric about the b-axis, extending downward Portion 106a is aligned with one of the landing holes 117.
  • the a-axis is the longitudinal symmetry axis of the pedestal
  • the b-axis is the transverse symmetry axis of each pluggable module, the a-axis and the b-axis being perpendicular.
  • the pluggable module can be perfectly matched to the base when it is in the normal position and rotated 180°.
  • the first positioning member 111 and the second positioning member 116 also function as a foolproof device, which can prevent the pluggable modules of different specifications from being inserted into the wrong state and cause the surge protector to fail.
  • the first positioning member 111 and the second positioning member 116 respectively include a sharp corner and a number marked around the sharp corner.
  • the number pointed by the sharp corner of the first positioning member 111 and the number pointed by the sharp corner of the second positioning member 116 are identical, indicating that the pluggable module and the base are matched and can be inserted into the base. If the orientation of the two is inconsistent, the pluggable module does not match the base. Since the sharp corners in the first positioning member 111 and the sharp corners in the second positioning member 116 are respectively designed in a convex shape and a concave shape, when the two directions are aligned, the insertion can be matched with each other when the two points are inconsistent. Can't match each other. Thus, the second positioning member 116 on the base cannot be well fitted with the first positioning member 111 on the pluggable module, thereby preventing the pluggable module of the unsuitable size from being inserted into the base.
  • Figures 10 and 11 disclose the structural view of the stop positioning mechanism in the pluggable surge protector, revealing the stop and relax mechanism therein.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the engagement of the stop positioning mechanism.
  • the stop and release mechanism in the stop positioning mechanism includes a longitudinal rib 118b formed on the housing 118, a lateral rib 118a, and a groove 117 formed on the pedestal 114.
  • Longitudinal ribs 118b are formed on both sides of the housing 118.
  • Lateral ribs 118a are formed on both sides of the housing 118, next to the longitudinal ribs 118b.
  • the longitudinal ribs 118b and the lateral ribs 118a are interconnected to form an integral rib structure.
  • the lower end portion of the longitudinal rib 118b is convex, and the convex lower end portion has a circular arc shape or a bidirectional inclined surface, and the bidirectional inclined surface means that the upper and lower sides are formed with an oblique angle guide.
  • the longitudinal ribs 118b are in contact with the base 114, and the longitudinal ribs 118b and the protruding pressing base 114 at the ends thereof are shaped and deformed, and the mounting opening is enlarged.
  • the arcuate shape or bevel that protrudes from the end of the longitudinal rib 118b guides the housing 118 into the mounting opening.
  • the housing 118 is mounted in place, the longitudinal ribs 118b snaps into the groove 117, no longer compresses the base 114, the base 114 is deformed and the mounting opening is restored, and the groove 117 and the longitudinal rib 118b secure the housing 118 to the base 114.
  • the groove 117 and the longitudinal rib 118b form a stop and relax structure to prevent the base and the pluggable module from loosening.
  • the lateral rib 118a is tilted.
  • the pedestal 114 is deformed again, the mounting opening is enlarged, and the housing 118 is detached from the pedestal 114.
  • the arcuate shape or the bidirectional bevel that protrudes from the end of the longitudinal rib 118b will again guide the housing 118 out of the mounting opening.
  • the pluggable surge protector of the invention can realize synchronous tripping of a plurality of non-linear components, the tripping is safe and reliable, and the state indication is accurate.
  • the nonlinear component is connected in parallel with the gas discharge tube by a plurality of pressure sensitive chips in parallel, and can adapt to high energy waveform impact.
  • the pluggable module and the base are provided with a stop positioning mechanism, so that the pluggable module can be engaged with the base in a normal position and a 180° rotation position, and the stop positioning mechanism also enables the pluggable module to cooperate with the base. Firm, not loose.

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Abstract

一种可插拔式电涌保护器，包括：基座（114）和至少一个可插拔模块（105）。基座包括压板（107）和微动开关（108）。可插拔模块通过止动定位机构安装到基座上。可插拔模块包括：壳体（118）、第一接触片（110）和第二接触片（112）、非线性保护元件（109）、脱离杆（106）和指示部件（101）。壳体顶部开有指示窗口（133）。非线性保护元件的第一引脚（109b）直接与第一接触片连接，非线性保护元件的第二引脚（109a）通过U型支架（131）和柔性连接件（132）连接到第二接触片，U型支架和柔性连接件为导电材料，第二引脚通过低熔点合金与之连接。上脱离杆安装在U型支架中。指示部件（101）安装在壳体顶部并能水平移动。下脱离杆（106a）安装在U型支架的底部并具有向下的凸起。压板位于壳体底部，微动开关位于壳体下方且对准压板。

Description

可插拔式电涌保护器 技术领域
本发明涉低压电器领域，更具体地说，涉及低压电器中的电涌保护器。
背景技术
电涌保护器中包括非线性元件，非线性元件通常是金属氧化物变阻器(MOV)(以下简称MOV)。在长时间使用或过载之后，MOV会老化并由此发热，老化或者发热的MOV不但影响MOV的性能，也会造成意料之外的故障或者危险。为了防止MOV老化或过热后引起的系统持续故障甚至造成火灾等灾害通常在电涌保护器中设置有脱扣机构，该脱扣机构与MOV串联，以在温度升高时将MOV与电路脱开，并给出本地及(或)远程的状态告知。
现有技术中揭示了一种可插拔式电涌保护器，其电涌保护器可插拔模块包括外壳、插头、变阻器、过热保护器、指示器和弹簧。外壳包括底盖、中间体和顶盖。底盖的底面为一平面，正面开口，顶盖盖住底盖的正面开口，形成一单个单元的可插拔模块。中间体正面开口，底面可固定在所述底盖的上方或固定在另一中间体的上方，顶盖盖住中间体的正面开口，形成一多个单元的可插拔模块。其电涌保护器的基座包括壳体、卡板、弹簧、接线板、接线座、螺钉、接线端子和微动开关，壳体有一“U”形开口，大小与可插拔模块的大小相同，还包括插座，与可插拔模块的插头相匹配。基座上可插入单个单元或多个单元的可插拔模块。该种可插拔式电涌保护器存在如下的缺陷：1)本地状态指示不能给出绿/红两种明显区分的状态指示。2)单片MOV的保护水平和泄流能力有限，当需要较高的泄流能力时，需要采用两个或多个MOV并联来完成，这样就需要采用两个或多个上述脱扣机构，但是，在温度升高时， 由于不能保证两个或多个MOV同时脱扣，则可能出现一个不脱扣一个脱扣，当其中一个或部分脱扣后，产品已经无法保证原有的泄流能力和保护水平，则可能出现产品过载而造成MOV爆炸或烧毁。
现有技术中还提出了另一种多个MOV可同步脱扣的技术方案，该方案使用多片MOV并联后再串联一个脱扣装置，但是该方案采用导电件将接线片和电极通过低温合金焊接的方式连接，这样就形成了两个焊点，由此造成的缺陷是当大冲击电流冲击或MOV老化时，两个焊点可能有其中一个焊点先断开，而另一个焊点没断开的情况，这样虽然MOV已与线路已经断开，但脱扣机构却无法动作并给出故障指示，将导致设备因不受电涌保护器保护而损坏的风险。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种能使得多个非线性元件同步脱扣，并具有故障指示能力的可插拔式电涌保护器。
根据本发明的一实施例，提出一种可插拔式电涌保护器，包括：基座和至少一个可插拔模块。基座具有安装开口，基座中具有压板和微动开关，微动开关位于压板的下方。至少一个可插拔模块通过止动定位机构安装到基座上，安装在安装开口中，每一个可插拔模块包括：壳体、第一接触片、第二接触片、非线性保护元件、脱离杆和指示部件。壳体内形成安装支架，壳体顶部开有指示窗口。第一接触片和第二接触片安装在壳体内，用于电连接。非线性保护元件安装在壳体内，非线性保护元件的第一引脚与第一接触片连接，非线性保护元件的第二引脚通过中间导体与第二接触片连接，其中中间导体与第二引脚通过低熔点合金连接。脱离杆连接到第一弹簧，脱离杆与中间导体联动，脱离杆包括下延伸部分。指示部件安装在壳体顶部，指示部件能水平移动，指示部件连接到第二弹簧。其中，非线性保护元件正常工作，第二引脚通过中间导体与第二接触片电气连通，脱离杆由中间导体支撑，第一弹簧被压缩， 指示部件对准指示窗口的位置，第二弹簧被压缩。非线性保护元件非正常工作导致升温，低熔点合金软化，第一弹簧被释放并推动脱离杆和中间导体运动，电气连通被切断。下延伸部分接触压板，压板触发微动开关；第二弹簧被释放并推动指示部件移动离开指示窗口的位置。
在一个实施例中，中间导体包括U型支架和柔性连接件。第一接触片和第二接触片分别位于壳体两侧的位置，第一接触片和第二接触片向下延伸伸出壳体。非线性保护元件位于第一接触片和第二接触片之间，非线性保护元件的第一引脚直接与第一接触片连接，非线性保护元件的第二引脚通过U型支架和柔性连接件连接到第二接触片，第二引脚通过低熔点合金与U型支架连接。
在一个实施例中，脱离杆安装在U型支架中，脱离杆的顶部具有凸起台阶体，第一弹簧安装在脱离杆的顶部与壳体之间。脱离杆的下延伸部分延伸至U型支架的下方。第二弹簧安装在指示部件与壳体之间。其中非线性保护元件正常工作，脱离杆由U型支架支撑，第一弹簧被压缩，指示部件被上脱离杆的凸起台阶体限制于对准指示窗口的位置，第二弹簧被压缩。非线性保护元件非正常工作导致升温，低熔点合金软化，第一弹簧释放，推动脱离杆和U型支架向下运动，下延伸部分向下接触压板，脱离杆的凸起台阶体不再限制指示部件，第二弹簧被释放并推动指示部件移动离开指示窗口的位置。
在一个实施例中，U型支架是金属材料制作，U型支架的第一脚通过低熔点合金与非线性保护元件的第二引脚焊接在一起。柔性连接件为金属软带，连接在U型支架的第二脚和第二接触片之间。第一接触片或第二接触片上开有缺口。
在一个实施例中，非线性保护元件包括数片叠加设置的压敏芯片，该数片压敏芯片通过短接排并联。
在一个实施例中，非线性保护元件还包括气体放电管，气体放电管与并联后的数个压敏芯片串联。气体放电管与压敏芯片之间设置有绝缘 板。
在一个实施例中，压板的两端具有圆形凸起，底座上具有圆形孔，圆形凸起安装到圆形孔中，压板转动安装到基座上。
在一个实施例中，止动定位机构包括：安装在可插拔模块的壳体底部的第一定位件，安装在基座上的第二定位件，开设在基座上用于容纳下脱离杆的让位孔。其中两个第一定位件沿b轴布置且关于a轴对称，两个第二定位件沿b轴布置且关于a轴对称，两个第一定位件和两个第二定位件分别相互对准。两个让位孔沿a轴布置并且关于b轴对称，下脱离杆与其中一个让位孔对准。其中a轴是基座的纵向对称轴，b轴是每一个可插拔模块的横向对称轴，a轴和b轴垂直。
在一个实施例中，止动定位机构还包括：纵向凸条、横向凸条和沟槽。纵向凸条形成在壳体的两侧。横向凸条形成在壳体的两侧，紧邻纵向凸条。沟槽形成在基座上。壳体插入基座，纵向凸条与基座接触，压迫基座产生塑形形变，安装开口张大。壳体安装到位，纵向凸条卡入沟槽中，基座塑形形变恢复，安装开口复原，沟槽和纵向凸条将壳体固定在基座上。撬动横向凸条，基座再次发生塑形形变，安装开口张大，壳体从基座中拆下。
在一个实施例中，纵向凸条的下端部凸出，凸出的下端部呈圆弧型或具有双向斜面。
本发明的可插拔式电涌保护器能够实现多个非线性元件的同步脱扣，脱扣安全可靠，状态指示准确。非线性元件由多片压敏芯片并联后再与气体放电管串联，能适应高能量波形冲击。可插拔模块与基座上设有止动定位机构，使得可插拔模块能在正常位置和旋转180°位置都能与基座配合，止动定位机构还使得可插拔模块与基座配合牢固，不会松动。
附图说明
本发明上述的以及其他的特征、性质和优势将通过下面结合附图和实施例的描述而变的更加明显，在附图中相同的附图标记始终表示相同的特征，其中：
图1揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器的结构图。
图2揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器的电气连通的截面示意图。
图3揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中非线性保护元件的连接示意图。
图4从另一个角度揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中非线性保护元件的连接示意图。
图5a和图5b揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中非线性保护元件的结构图和电路图。
图6揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器处于正常工作状态时的结构图。
图7揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器处于故障状态时的结构图。
图8揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中压板和基座的配合示意图。
图9揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中止动定位机构的结构图，其中示出了第一定位件和第二定位件。
图10揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中止动定位机构的结构图，其中示出了纵向凸条和横向凸条。
图11揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中止动定位机构的配合情况的截面图。
具体实施方式
首先，在此处对所使用的术语“连接”进行说明。本文涉及机械及电气结构，因此术语“连接”包含机械连接和电气连接两重含义。机械连接要求满足机械强度和机械操作，电气连接要求满足电气导通。对于本领域的技术人员来说，结合上下文能够清楚地了解到每一处所使用的“连接”是指机械连接、电气连接或者两者皆是。
本发明希望电涌保护器的热脱离机构及其状态指示装置更加安全可靠，状态指示准确，能够实现在使用多个MOV的情况下，多个MOV同步脱扣，并且当模块处于正常位置以及旋转180°后的位置时，也能与基座完美配合。
总体而言，本发明提出的电涌保护器包括基座，插接于基座上的可插拨模块，位于可插拨模块内的至少一个MOV，用于将MOV与线路分离的脱扣装置及其状态指示装置。所述脱扣装置上设置有一滑动杆，滑动杆上施加有压力，并且滑动杆的一端与本地状态指示件接触，另一端动作后与远程状态指示开关的压板接触。当电涌保护器处于正常使用状态时，本地状态指示件在滑动杆的限位下处于指示窗口位置，当MOV劣化或过载发热后，低温合金熔化，滑动杆在弹簧压力作用下运动，从而脱扣将MOV与线路分离，本地指示件此时失去了滑动杆的限制而在弹簧的作用下滑出指示窗口，从而指示故障状态，同时滑动杆触动装于基座上的压板，而压板触动远程开关动作，给出相应的状态指示。因为本地状态指示件位于滑动杆的端部，而远程指示开关位于滑动杆的另一端部，所以在滑动杆运动过程中除了起始和终止状态与指示件和压板有作用外，不会受到状态指示件的影响而出现脱扣故障，并且脱扣机构使用了软联接的方式，只有单个低温合金焊接的断点，动作更可靠，状态指示也更准确。同时，此方案可多个MOV并联后再串联脱扣器，以实现多个MOV同步脱扣。同时，本发明中的防错插装置和远程开关压板为对称性设置，可实现可插拔模块处于正常位置以及旋转180°后的位置时，也能与基座完美配合，从而使产品安装接线更方便。本发明中还 设置有止动防松设计，它的原理是利用塑料本身的塑性变形进行锁紧和圆弧的导向作用来实现的。
下面详细介绍本发明的技术方案。参考图1～图7，揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔是电涌保护器。
该可插拔式电涌保护器包括：基座114和至少一个可插拔模块105。基座114具有安装开口用于容纳可插拔模块。基座114为多相构造，可以同时容纳多个可插拔模块105。在图1所示的实施例中，在基座114上并排设置了多个可插拔模块105，以用于各种供电系统的保护。基座114中具有压板107和微动开关108，微动开关108位于压板(107)的下方。压板107和微动开关108的作用下面会详细描述。
图2、图3和图4揭示了可插拔模块105的内部结构以及其中的非线性保护元件的结构。
该至少一个可插拔模块105通过止动定位机构安装到基座114上，安装在安装开口中，每一个可插拔模块105包括：壳体118、第一接触片110、第二接触片112、非线性保护元件109、脱离杆106和指示部件101。
壳体118为可插拔模块105的外壳，同时，如图所示，壳体118内也形成安装支架用于安装各个部件。壳体118顶部开有指示窗口133。第一接触片110和第二接触片112安装在壳体118内，位于壳体118两侧的位置，第一接触片110和第二接触片112向下延伸伸出壳体118。参考图2所示，第一接触片110和第二接触片112与基座上的接触底座电气连接，形成导电通路。非线性保护元件109安装在壳体118内，非线性保护元件109位于第一接触片110和第二接触片112之间。
参考图3和图4所示，非线性保护元件109的第一引脚109b直接与第一接触片110连接，非线性保护元件109的第二引脚109a通过U型支架131和柔性连接件132连接到第二接触片112。U型支架131和柔性连接件132为导电材料，第二引脚109a通过低熔点合金与它们连 接。在图3所示的实施例中，U型支架131是金属材料制作，U型支架131的第一脚通过低熔点合金与非线性保护元件109的第二引脚109a焊接在一起。柔性连接件132为金属软带，连接在U型支架131的第二脚和第二接触片112之间。需要理解的是，U型支架131和柔性连接件132构成中间导体，中间导体的作用一方面是形成导电通路，另一方面是在低熔点合金未软化时支撑脱离杆106，在低熔点合金受热软化时，中间导体随脱离杆106移动，切断导电通路。中间导体的实现形式不局限于此处所示的U型支架和柔性连接件，可以采用其他方式实现而具备同样的功能。在图示的实施例中，第一接触片110和第二接触片112上开有缺口110a，缺口110a的作用是有利于接触片的焊接工艺。图4也示出了第一定位件111。需要说明的是，在实践中，并不一定需要在两个接触片上都开有缺口110a，但考虑到零部件的通用性，通常第一接触片110和第二接触片112是采用相同的零部件，因此两个接触片上都具有缺口。
在一个实施例中，非线性保护元件109包括数片叠加设置的压敏芯片123。在一个实施例中，非线性保护元件109还具有气体放电管121。图5a和图5b揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中非线性保护元件的结构图和电路图。参考图5a和图5b所示，数片压敏芯片123叠加，数片压敏芯片123通过短接排119并联。通过短接排119并联数个压敏芯片123能够提高非线性保护元件的通流量。并联后的数个压敏芯片123与气体放电管121串联，串联气体放电管121能够降低压敏芯片的漏电流，延长元件的使用寿命。继续参考图5a所示，在气体放电管121和压敏芯片123之间设置有绝缘板122，绝缘板122使得气体放电管121和压敏芯片123电气绝缘。非线性保护元件109的第一引脚109b从气体放电管121一侧引出，第二引脚109a从压敏芯片123一侧引出(参考图3)。
回到图2，脱离杆106安装在U型支架131中，脱离杆106的本体 放置在U型支架131的U型开口中。脱离杆106的顶部具有凸起台阶体，需要说明的是，凸起的台阶体也有部件强度方面的考虑。脱离杆106的顶部与壳体118之间安装有第一弹簧104。脱离杆106的下延伸部分106a延伸至U型支架131的下方。下延伸部分106a具有向下的凸起。指示部件101安装在壳体118顶部，指示部件101能水平移动，指示部件101和壳体118之间安装有第二弹簧102。在图2所示的实施例中，壳体118的顶部具有支撑部件103，指示部件101沿支撑部件103移动，支撑部件103呈水平设置，第二弹簧102设置在指示部件101和支撑部件103之间。支撑部件103和指示部件101具有不同的颜色，比如，支撑部件103是红色，指示部件101是绿色，这样通过指示窗口133观察到支撑部件103和指示部件101是能够显示不同的颜色，以指示不同的状态。
继续参考图2，基座114中包括压板107和微动开关108。微动开关108位于压板107的下方。下延伸部分106a的凸起的向下移动，接触压板107，压板107进一步触动微动开关108。采用压板107的目的是为了使得多个微动开关108能够同步动作。由于每一个可插拔模块105都对应一个微动开关108，由于可插拔模块105存在旋转插入的可能，因此在旋转插入的情况下，可插拔模块105无法触发微动开关108。设计了压板107之后，无论可插拔模块105如何安装，都能够通过压板107触发微动开关108。而且，压板107可以同时触发数个微动开关108，有利于降低成本，简化结构。
下面结合图6和图7介绍本发明的可插拔式电涌保护器的工作过程：
非线性保护元件109正常工作时，其温度处于正常范围。第二引脚109a通过U型支架131和柔性连接件132与第二接触片112电气连通，形成导电通路。U型支架131和第二引脚109a之间的低熔点合金处于固体状态，具有足够的机械强度。因此脱离杆106由U型支架131支撑， 脱离杆106顶部的凸起台阶体向上延伸进入到与指示部件101同样的高度。脱离杆106顶部的凸起台阶体压缩第二弹簧102，并将指示部件101限制于对准指示窗口133的位置。需要说明的是，实际上脱离杆106顶部只需要一个面就可以卡住指示部件101并压缩第二弹簧102，但考虑到部件强度，设置凸起台阶体。此时通过指示窗口133能够观察到的是指示部件101，显示指示部件101的颜色，比如绿色，表示工作状态正常。同时，第一弹簧104也被压缩。上述状态可参考图2和图6所示。图6中的支撑板120是用于放置微动开关108的支撑板。考虑到中间导体可以具有其他形式，可以归纳为非线性保护元件109正常工作，第二引脚109a通过中间导体与第二接触片112电气连通，脱离杆106由中间导体支撑，第一弹簧104被压缩，指示部件101对准指示窗口133的位置，第二弹簧102被压缩。
非线性保护元件109非正常工作导致升温，第二引脚109a发热，在第二引脚109a和U型支架131的第一脚处的低熔点合金软化，机械强度下降。当第一弹簧104的弹簧力足够时，低熔点合金软化断开，第一弹簧104伸长，其弹簧力推动脱离杆106向下运动，使得U型支架131也向下运动并与第二引脚109a分离，第二引脚109a通过U型支架131和柔性连接件132与第二接触片112电气连通被切断，电路断开。切断电路能够避免线路的接地故障、短路故障或产品燃烧。下延伸部分106a随U型支架131向下，下延伸部分106a的向下的凸起接触压板107并触发微动开关108。微动开关108被触发后产生报警动作，产生报警信号。同时，由于脱离杆106随U型支架131向下运动，脱离杆106的凸起台阶体不再限制指示部件101，第二弹簧102伸长，其弹簧力推动指示部件101沿支撑部件移动离开指示窗口133的位置。在指示部件101移动离开指示窗口133后，通过指示窗口133能够观察到的是支撑部件103的颜色，比如红色，表示会出现了故障。故障状态可以参考图7所示。继续参考图7，由于柔性连接件132为金属软带，因此U 型支架131下降不会影响柔性连接件132与U型支架131的第二脚的连接。考虑到中间导体可以具有其他形式，可以归纳为非线性保护元件109非正常工作导致升温，低熔点合金软化，第一弹簧104被释放并推动脱离杆106和中间导体运动，电气连通被切断。下延伸部分106a接触压板107，压板107触发微动开关108。第二弹簧102被释放并推动指示部件101移动离开指示窗口133的位置。
图8揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中压板和基座的配合示意图。如图8所示，压板107的两端具有圆形凸起107a，底座114上具有圆形孔114a，圆形凸起107a安装到圆形孔114a中，压板107转动安装到基座114上。压板107受到下延伸部分106a推动时能够转动，转动后会触发微动开关108，使得微动开关108发出报警信号。
图9～图11揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中的止动定位机构。止动定位机构的目的是使得可插拔模块处于正常位置以及旋转180°后的位置时，都能与基座完美配合。止动定位机构的而另一个目的是止动防松，利用塑料本身的塑性变形进行锁紧和圆弧的导向作用来实现。
参考图9，图9揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的可插拔式电涌保护器中止动定位机构的结构图，其中示出了第一定位件和第二定位件。第一定位件111和第二定位件116构成止动定位机构中的定位构件。第一定位件111安装在可插拔模块105的壳体118的底部，在图1和图4中也可见第一定位件111。第二定位件116安装在基座114上，在图1中也可见第二定位件116。止动定位机构中的定位构件还包括开设在基座114上用于容纳下延伸部分106a的让位孔117。参考图9所示，两个第一定位件111沿b轴布置且关于a轴对称，两个第二定位件116沿b轴布置且关于a轴对称，两个第一定位件111和两个第二定位件116分别相互对准。两个让位孔117沿a轴布置并且关于b轴对称，下延伸 部分106a与其中一个让位孔117对准。其中a轴是基座的纵向对称轴，b轴是每一个可插拔模块的横向对称轴，a轴和b轴垂直。采用如图9所示的布置方式，可使得可插拔模块处于正常位置以及旋转180°后的位置时，都能与基座完美配合。第一定位件111和第二定位件116还起到防呆装置的作用，能够防止不同规格的可插拔模块插错而引起电涌保护器失效。如图所示，第一定位件111和第二定位件116分别包括一个尖角和标注在尖角周围的数字。第一定位件111的尖角指向的数字和第二定位件116的尖角指向的数字一致，则说明可插拔模块和基座匹配，可以插到基座中。如果两者的指向不一致，则说明可插拔模块与基座不匹配。由于第一定位件111中的尖角和第二定位件116中的尖角被分别设计成凸起和凹下的形式，当两者指向一致时，能够互相匹配插入，当两者指向不一致时，无法相互匹配。这样基座上的第二定位件116无法与可插拔模块上的第一定位件111良好配合，从而能够阻止规格不合适的可插拔模块被插入到基座中。
图10和图11揭示了可插拔式电涌保护器中止动定位机构的结构图，揭示了其中的止动放松机构。图11是止动定位机构的配合情况的截面图。止动定位机构中的止动放松机构包括：形成在壳体118上的纵向凸条118b、横向凸条118a，形成在基座114上的沟槽117。纵向凸条118b形成在壳体118的两侧。横向凸条118a形成在壳体118的两侧，紧邻纵向凸条118b。在图10所示的实施例中，纵向凸条118b和横向凸条118a互相连接，形成一体式的凸条结构。纵向凸条118b的下端部凸出，凸出的下端部呈圆弧型或具有双向斜面，双向斜面是指上下均形成斜角导向。
在可插拔模块105的壳体118插入基座114时，纵向凸条118b与基座114接触，纵向凸条118b以及其端部的凸出压迫基座114产生塑形形变，安装开口张大。同时，纵向凸条118b端部凸出的圆弧形状或者斜面会引导壳体118进入安装开口。壳体118安装到位，纵向凸条 118b卡入沟槽117中，不再对基座114产生压迫，基座114塑形形变恢复，安装开口复原，沟槽117和纵向凸条118b将壳体118固定在基座114上。此时沟槽117和纵向凸条118b形成止动放松结构，防止基座和可插拔模块松动。在需要拆下可插拔模块105时，撬动横向凸条118a，撬动的过程中，基座114再次发生塑形形变，安装开口张大，壳体118从基座114中拆下。纵向凸条118b端部凸出的圆弧形状或者双向斜面会再次引导壳体118退出安装开口。
本发明的可插拔式电涌保护器能够实现多个非线性元件的同步脱扣，脱扣安全可靠，状态指示准确。非线性元件由多片压敏芯片并联后再与气体放电管串联，能适应高能量波形冲击。可插拔模块与基座上设有止动定位机构，使得可插拔模块能在正常位置和旋转180°位置都能与基座配合，止动定位机构还使得可插拔模块与基座配合牢固，不会松动。
上述实施例是提供给熟悉本领域内的人员来实现或使用本发明的，熟悉本领域的人员可在不脱离本发明的发明思想的情况下，对上述实施例做出种种修改或变化，因而本发明的保护范围并不被上述实施例所限，而应该是符合权利要求书提到的创新性特征的最大范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，包括：
    基座(114)，基座(114)具有安装开口，基座(114)中具有压板(107)和微动开关(108)，微动开关(108)位于压板(107)的下方；
    至少一个可插拔模块(105)，所述至少一个可插拔模块(105)通过止动定位机构安装到基座(114)上，安装在安装开口中，每一个可插拔模块(105)包括：
    壳体(118)，壳体(118)内形成安装支架，壳体(118)顶部开有指示窗口(133)；
    第一接触片(110)和第二接触片(112)，第一接触片(110)和第二接触片(112)安装在壳体(118)内，用于电连接；
    非线性保护元件(109)，安装在壳体(118)内，非线性保护元件(109)的第一引脚(109b)与第一接触片(110)连接，非线性保护元件(109)的第二引脚(109a)通过中间导体与第二接触片(112)连接，其中中间导体与第二引脚(109a)通过低熔点合金连接；
    脱离杆(106)，连接到第一弹簧(104)，脱离杆(106)与中间导体联动，脱离杆(106)包括下延伸部分(106a)；
    指示部件(101)，安装在壳体(118)顶部，指示部件(101)能水平移动，指示部件(101)连接到第二弹簧(102)；；
    其中，非线性保护元件(109)正常工作，第二引脚(109a)通过中间导体与第二接触片(112)电气连通，脱离杆(106)由中间导体支撑，第一弹簧(104)被压缩，指示部件(101)对准指示窗口(133)的位置，第二弹簧(102)被压缩；
    非线性保护元件(109)非正常工作导致升温，低熔点合金软化， 第一弹簧(104)被释放并推动脱离杆(106)和中间导体运动，电气连通被切断；下延伸部分(106a)接触压板(107)，压板(107)触发微动开关(108)；第二弹簧(102)被释放并推动指示部件(101)移动离开指示窗口(133)的位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，
    所述中间导体包括U型支架(131)和柔性连接件(132)；
    所述第一接触片(110)和第二接触片(112)分别位于壳体(118)两侧的位置，第一接触片(110)和第二接触片(112)向下延伸伸出壳体(118)；
    非线性保护元件(109)位于第一接触片(110)和第二接触片(112)之间，非线性保护元件(109)的第一引脚(109b)直接与第一接触片(110)连接，非线性保护元件(109)的第二引脚(109a)通过U型支架(131)和柔性连接件(132)连接到第二接触片(112)，第二引脚(109a)通过低熔点合金与U型支架(131)连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，
    脱离杆(106)安装在U型支架(131)中，脱离杆(106)的顶部具有凸起台阶体，第一弹簧(104)安装在脱离杆(106)的顶部与壳体(118)之间；脱离杆的下延伸部分(106a)延伸至U型支架(131)的下方；
    第二弹簧(102)安装在指示部件(101)与壳体(118)之间；
    其中非线性保护元件(109)正常工作，脱离杆(106)由U型支架(131)支撑，第一弹簧(104)被压缩，指示部件(101)被上脱离杆(106)的凸起台阶体限制于对准指示窗口(133)的位置，第二弹簧(102)被压缩；
    非线性保护元件(109)非正常工作导致升温，低熔点合金软化， 第一弹簧(104)释放，推动脱离杆(106)和U型支架(131)向下运动，下延伸部分(106a)向下接触压板，脱离杆(106)的凸起台阶体不再限制指示部件(101)，第二弹簧(102)被释放并推动指示部件(101)移动离开指示窗口(133)的位置。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，
    所述U型支架(131)是金属材料制作，U型支架(131)的第一脚通过低熔点合金与非线性保护元件(109)的第二引脚(109a)焊接在一起；
    柔性连接件(132)为金属软带，连接在U型支架(131)的第二脚和第二接触片(112)之间；
    所述第一接触片(110)或第二接触片(112)上开有缺口(110a)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，所述非线性保护元件(109)包括：
    数片叠加设置的压敏芯片(123)，该数片压敏芯片(123)通过短接排(119)并联。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，所述非线性保护元件(109)还包括
    气体放电管(121)，气体放电管(121)与并联后的数个压敏芯片(123)串联；气体放电管(121)与压敏芯片(123)之间设置有绝缘板(122)。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，所述压板(107)的两端具有圆形凸起(107a)，底座(114)上具有圆形孔(114a)，圆形凸起(107a)安装到圆形孔(114a)中，压板(107) 转动安装到基座(114)上。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，所述止动定位机构包括：
    安装在可插拔模块(105)的壳体(118)底部的第一定位件(111)，安装在基座(114)上的第二定位件(116)，开设在基座(114)上用于容纳下延伸部分(106a)的让位孔(117)；
    其中两个第一定位件(111)沿b轴布置且关于a轴对称，两个第二定位件(116)沿b轴布置且关于a轴对称，两个第一定位件(111)和两个第二定位件(116)分别相互对准；
    两个让位孔(117)沿a轴布置并且关于b轴对称，下脱离杆(106a)与其中一个让位孔(117)对准；
    其中a轴是基座的纵向对称轴，b轴是每一个可插拔模块的横向对称轴，a轴和b轴垂直。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，所述止动定位机构还包括：
    纵向凸条(118b)，形成在壳体(118)的两侧；
    横向凸条(118a)，形成在壳体(118)的两侧，紧邻纵向凸条(118b)；
    沟槽(117)，形成在基座(114)上；
    壳体(118)插入基座(114)，纵向凸条(118b)与基座(114)接触，压迫基座(114)产生塑形形变，安装开口张大；壳体(118)安装到位，纵向凸条(118b)卡入沟槽(117)中，基座(114)塑形形变恢复，安装开口复原，沟槽和纵向凸条将壳体(118)固定在基座(114)上；
    撬动横向凸条(118a)，基座(114)再次发生塑形形变，安装开口张大，壳体(118)从基座(114)中拆下。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的可插拔式电涌保护器，其特征在于，所述纵向凸条(118b)的下端部凸出，凸出的下端部呈圆弧型或具有双向斜面。
PCT/CN2015/096200 2014-12-24 2015-12-02 可插拔式电涌保护器 WO2016101776A1 (zh)

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