WO2016101610A1 - 一种环境传感器和一种环境参数测量和预测方法 - Google Patents

一种环境传感器和一种环境参数测量和预测方法 Download PDF

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WO2016101610A1
WO2016101610A1 PCT/CN2015/084946 CN2015084946W WO2016101610A1 WO 2016101610 A1 WO2016101610 A1 WO 2016101610A1 CN 2015084946 W CN2015084946 W CN 2015084946W WO 2016101610 A1 WO2016101610 A1 WO 2016101610A1
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environmental
instant
prediction
parameters
parameter
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PCT/CN2015/084946
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王琨
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歌尔声学股份有限公司
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Priority to KR1020177018441A priority Critical patent/KR102046697B1/ko
Priority to JP2017533911A priority patent/JP6430018B2/ja
Priority to EP15871684.5A priority patent/EP3223089A4/en
Priority to US15/538,226 priority patent/US10317355B2/en
Publication of WO2016101610A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016101610A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0259—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
    • G05B23/0283—Predictive maintenance, e.g. involving the monitoring of a system and, based on the monitoring results, taking decisions on the maintenance schedule of the monitored system; Estimating remaining useful life [RUL]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G01N27/121—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity, of the fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/0205—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system
    • G05B13/026—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system using a predictor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1917—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using digital means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of micro electromechanical technology, and relates to a sensor, in particular to a rapid reaction and calculation method of the sensor.
  • a sensor is a device used to measure parameters of external environmental conditions.
  • various types of MEMS sensors have also been developed.
  • MEMS sensors have the advantages of small size, light weight, low energy consumption, digital output, etc., which are convenient for electronic and digital integration. They are widely used in consumer electronics, industrial and agricultural production, environmental monitoring, medical, smart home, automotive, warehousing, cultural relics protection, etc. Many fields.
  • the humidity sensor is a typical MEMS sensor that can react to the humidity or relative humidity in the environment and reflect this parameter through the electronic system.
  • various types of humidity sensors represented by MEMS humidity sensors generally have a slow response speed, which is determined by the change speed of the physical and chemical properties of the moisture sensitive materials. Taking the most common MEMS humidity sensors on the market as capacitors and resistors, the response time is mostly more than 6 seconds.
  • the response speed of the humidity sensor seriously restricts its application in environments with severe humidity changes and rapid measurement, resulting in wasted time and reduced measurement accuracy.
  • the user experience is greatly reduced.
  • functions such as measuring the highest humidity value cannot be achieved.
  • the new sensor should be able to quickly and accurately reflect the actual environmental parameters of the measured environment. In the case of severe environmental changes, the sensor should reflect the environmental parameters of the current time as accurately as possible, and respond quickly to changes in the environment.
  • the present invention does not solve one of the above technical problems, and provides an environmental sensor, which includes:
  • a sensing element for sensing an instantaneous sensing characteristic value for transmission
  • An integrated circuit for continuously acquiring an instantaneous sensing characteristic value and an instant clock signal, and calculating an instant environmental parameter for storage and output;
  • the integrated circuit is provided with a physical and chemical property function corresponding to the sensing element.
  • the integrated circuit utilizes a physical and chemical property function, according to current real-time environmental parameters and an instant clock signal, and at least one set of previously stored instants.
  • the environmental parameters and the instantaneous clock signal are predicted and the actual environmental parameters are obtained for storage and transmission.
  • the integrated circuit may further include:
  • a storage unit for storing real-time environmental parameters, an instant clock signal, and actual environmental parameters
  • a prediction unit wherein a physical and chemical property function is set, and in the prediction mode, the prediction unit is configured to perform a prediction operation to obtain an actual environmental parameter.
  • the integrated circuit is further configured to perform prediction operations according to subsequent group or partial groups of real-time environmental parameters and an instant clock signal, and successively obtain subsequent actual environmental parameters for correcting the previously obtained actual environmental parameters.
  • the environmental sensor may further include an interrupt control unit, in the prediction mode, the interrupt control unit is configured to receive actual environmental parameters obtained by the integrated circuit, and set the next actual environmental parameter according to the preset setting parameter. Threshold and/or lower threshold. If the actual environmental parameter obtained by the next prediction operation exceeds the range of the upper threshold or the lower threshold, the interrupt control unit prevents the integrated circuit from outputting actual environmental parameters, and the integrated circuit outputs the next immediate environmental parameter.
  • the sensing element may comprise a humidity sensitive element and/or a heat sensitive element.
  • the environmental sensor may further include:
  • a signal conditioning module and an analog to digital converter for signal preprocessing the instantaneous sensing characteristic values
  • a clock unit for generating an instant clock signal recording the sensing time of the sensing element for transmission
  • the present invention also provides an environmental parameter measurement and prediction method, including:
  • Step 1 providing a physical and chemical property function corresponding to the sensing element
  • Step 2 continuously acquire an instantaneous sensing characteristic value sensed by the sensing element and an instantaneous clock signal corresponding to the instantaneous sensing characteristic value, and calculate an immediate environmental parameter corresponding to the instantaneous sensing characteristic value for storage;
  • Step 3 setting a range of changes, comparing the current real-time environment parameter and the instant clock signal with the previously stored one or more sets of real-time environment parameters and the instant clock signal, and if the range of the change is not exceeded, outputting the current instant The environmental parameter, if the range of variation is exceeded, performs a prediction operation;
  • Step 4 In the prediction operation, using the physical and chemical property function, performing prediction operations according to at least two sets of real-time environmental parameters and an instant clock signal, and obtaining actual environmental parameters corresponding to environmental factors for storage and output.
  • the method may further include:
  • Step 5 In the prediction operation, the subsequent multiple sets of instant sensing characteristic values and the instant clock signal may be continuously obtained and the corresponding real-time environment parameters are calculated, and each group or part of the group immediate environment parameters and the instantaneous clock signal are selected for prediction operation, and the continuous operation is continuously obtained. Subsequent actual environmental parameters;
  • Step 6 Correct the previous actual environmental parameters with subsequent actual environmental parameters
  • step 7 when the subsequent actual environmental parameters tend to be stable, steps 4 to 6 are terminated.
  • the method may further include:
  • Step A setting an upper threshold and/or a lower threshold according to the currently obtained actual environmental parameter and the preset setting parameter to the next actual environmental parameter;
  • Step B When the next actual environmental parameter exceeds the range of the upper threshold or the lower threshold, step 6 to step 7 are suspended, and the next immediate environmental parameter is output.
  • the method may further include:
  • Step C when the immediate environment parameter of the subsequent output meets the change rule of the physical and chemical property function
  • the law and the threshold are defined, or the set time period is restored, and steps 6 to 7 are resumed.
  • the instantaneous sensing characteristic value may be subjected to signal adjustment and analog to digital conversion.
  • the environmental sensor provided by the invention can respond quickly after entering the environment to be tested, and can output actual environmental parameters that are highly consistent with the environment to be tested without waiting for the sensing element to completely complete the sensing.
  • the environmental sensor is suitable for environments that require rapid measurement and provides a suitable platform for the practical use of high precision sensing elements.
  • the environmental parameters can be obtained in the first time. If the environment to be tested changes, the system can quickly make corrections and responses.
  • the above design can meet the rapid measurement of environmental parameters under daily social life and industrial and agricultural production conditions. In the extreme case of irregular changes in environmental parameters, it is also possible to interrupt the prediction operation, output the current immediate result and make a reminder.
  • the environmental sensor provided by the present invention greatly improves the measurement efficiency and accuracy of the sensor, and enables the use of a new type of sensing material with higher precision but slower response.
  • the present invention provides a fast and accurate method of measuring and predicting environmental parameters that is applicable to a variety of sensing elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of an environmental parameter measurement and prediction method provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing changes in inductance characteristic values of the sensing element in a test environment according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system of an environmental sensor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system of an environmental sensor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system of an environmental sensor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the physical quantity such as Celsius, concentration, mole number, etc.
  • “Instantaneous Inductance Characteristic Value” represents the sensing condition of the sensor element at the current moment on the “environmental factor”, the output is the electrical signal
  • the "instant environmental parameter” represents the “instant induction”
  • the actual environmental parameter represents an environmental parameter obtained and outputted according to the selection of the working state according to the actual situation of the integrated circuit.
  • the environmental parameter measurement and prediction method at least includes:
  • Step 1 Provide a physical and chemical property function corresponding to the sensing element to be used.
  • the sensing element reacts to specific environmental factors and gradually begins to undergo physical and/or chemical changes to generate instant sensing characteristics.
  • the response process has a fixed regularity, generally with one and each exponential function and its linear combination.
  • the humidity sensing property value changes according to its fixed physical and chemical function in time in the environment to be tested.
  • P represents the value of the inductive characteristic
  • t represents the inductive time.
  • p 0 represents an initial state induction characteristic value at which the humidity sensor does not start monitoring
  • p represents an actual inductance characteristic value of the environment to be tested. Since the sensing element needs to be sensed for a period of time, the instant sensing characteristic value of the humidity sensitive element is p 1 , not p, after entering the environment to be tested t 1 .
  • the physical and chemical property function is a functional relationship derived from the relationship between the sensing property value of the sensing element and the sensing time, and can reflect the relationship between the sensing process and the time of the sensing component in the environment to be tested.
  • Step 2 continuously obtaining the instantaneous sensing characteristic value sensed by the plurality of the sensing elements and the instantaneous clock signal corresponding to the instantaneous sensing characteristic value, and calculating an immediate environmental parameter corresponding to the instantaneous sensing characteristic value for storage
  • the instant clock signal corresponding to each real-time environment parameter also needs to be stored together.
  • the above data can be collected by an special function integrated circuit (ASIC), which can be provided by a clock unit.
  • ASIC special function integrated circuit
  • the integrated circuit can be replaced by other electronic computing units, and more complex functions can be implemented by using a single chip microcomputer or the like when the device volume is not limited, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the instant clock signal records the point in time at which the sensing element senses the environment to be tested.
  • the first set of instant sensing characteristics The value represents the physical and chemical characteristics of the sensing element when it enters the environment to be tested, and the first set of instant clock signals represents the point in time at which the sensing element enters the environment to be tested.
  • the second group of instant clock signals reflects the time that the sensing element stays in the environment to be tested, and the second group of instant sensing characteristics reflects the sensing characteristics of the sensing element to be tested in the current time.
  • the integrated circuit calculates two instantaneous sensing characteristic values to calculate corresponding real-time environmental parameters, and stores the two real-time environmental parameters and their corresponding instant clock signals in chronological order.
  • Step 3 Set a range of variation, compare the current real-time environment parameter and the instant clock signal with one or more sets of immediate environment parameters and an instant clock signal stored before, if the range of the change is not exceeded, output the current The immediate environment parameter, if the range of variation is exceeded, performs a prediction operation.
  • a person skilled in the art can set a range of changes according to actual usage conditions, and measure the current environmental parameters and the instantaneous clock signal relative to the previously stored real-time environment parameters and the instantaneous clock signal, and determine What kind of processing is then done on the data.
  • the range of variation may be only for immediate environmental parameters, for example, "whether the current real-time environmental parameter is more than 3% relative to the previously stored real-time environmental parameter.”
  • the range of variation may also take into account the immediate environment parameters and the instant clock signal, for example, "whether the current instantaneous environment parameter is more than 3% relative to the previously stored real-time environment parameter, and the current instant clock signal is previously stored.
  • the time interval between the instant clock signals is less than 1 second. Using the range of variation to determine whether the measured environment suddenly changes. If the current real-time environment parameter and the instant clock signal do not exceed the range of the change, it indicates that the measured environment has not changed significantly, and the immediate environment parameter can be output to ensure accuracy. Conversely, if the range of change is exceeded, it indicates that the measured environment has undergone a significant change, and a prediction operation is required.
  • Step 4 If the step 3 determines that the prediction operation needs to be performed, the physicochemical property function is used to perform prediction operations according to at least two sets of real-time environmental parameters and an instant clock signal, and actual environmental parameters corresponding to environmental factors are obtained for storage and output. .
  • the integrated circuit utilizes a physical and chemical property function corresponding to the sensing element, and can be based on a set of current real-time environmental parameters and an instant time signal, and a set of previously stored real-time environmental parameters and real-time time.
  • the signal is subjected to a prediction operation.
  • the integrated circuit may also be based on two sets of previously stored real-time environmental parameters and an instant clock message. The number is used for prediction operations.
  • the difference ⁇ t of the time signal t0 can predict the actual environmental parameters which are basically consistent with the actual environmental factors according to the ⁇ E and ⁇ t and the physical and chemical property function, that is, the instantaneous inductive characteristic values generated after the sensing element is sufficiently sensed over a period of time. Corresponding environmental parameters.
  • the senor can respond quickly and accurately to the environment to be tested.
  • the method may further include the following steps, and after the step 4 above, the method may further include:
  • Step 5 In the prediction operation, continuously acquire subsequent sets of instant sensing characteristic values and instant clock signals and calculate corresponding real-time environment parameters for storage, and select each group or part of group instant environment parameters and an instant clock signal for prediction operation. , continue to get the subsequent actual environmental parameters;
  • Step 6 Correct the previous actual environmental parameters with subsequent actual environmental parameters.
  • Step 7 Terminate Steps 4 through 6 when subsequent actual environmental parameters tend to stabilize.
  • the sensing component continuously generates an instantaneous sensing characteristic value
  • the integrated circuit successively acquires newly generated sets of instantaneous sensing characteristic values and an instant clock signal, and calculates an immediate environmental parameter for the subsequent instantaneous sensing characteristic value for storage.
  • the integrated circuit may select each of the subsequent sets of data and the previously stored sets of data to obtain a difference between each other, repeat the prediction operation, and calculate subsequent actual environmental parameters. Since the subsequently generated instantaneous sensing characteristic value is closer to the actual situation of the environment to be tested, the predicted actual environmental parameter is also more accurate, and the integrated circuit can correct the previous actual environmental parameter with the newly calculated actual environmental parameter.
  • the modification may be to directly replace the actual environmental parameters before, or may be modified by a specific operation process on the previous actual environmental parameters.
  • the prediction operation can be terminated, that is, steps 4 to 6 are terminated.
  • the current actual environmental parameters obtained by the prediction operation should be basically consistent with the current real-time environmental parameters, and the subsequent immediate environmental parameters and the actual environmental parameters are not greatly changed. Therefore, the prediction operation can be terminated, and the instant is directly output.
  • Environmental parameters may be to directly replace the actual environmental parameters before, or may be modified by a specific operation process on the previous actual environmental parameters.
  • the environmental parameter measurement and prediction method provided by the present invention may further include a measurement method that frequently changes irregularly for environmental factors.
  • step 4 and/or step 5 it may further include:
  • Step A setting an upper threshold and/or a lower threshold according to the currently obtained actual environmental parameter and the preset setting parameter to the next actual environmental parameter;
  • Step B When the next actual environmental parameter exceeds the range of the upper threshold or the lower threshold, step 6 to step 7 are terminated, and the next immediate environmental parameter is output.
  • step C when the current environment parameter of the subsequent output meets the change rule of the physical and chemical property function and the threshold limit range, or after a preset time period, steps 6 to 7 are resumed. .
  • a person skilled in the art may preliminarily set a setting parameter in the integrated circuit.
  • the setting parameter can set an upper threshold and/or a lower threshold after adding redundancy to the actual environmental parameters obtained each time.
  • the integrated circuit compares subsequent actual environmental parameters with previous actual environmental parameters, if subsequent actual environmental parameters exceed the upper threshold or The range of the lower threshold, that is, the subsequent actual environmental parameters do not change according to the law of the physical and chemical properties, indicating that the environmental factors to be tested have changed irregularly.
  • the integrated circuit can interrupt execution of steps 6, 7 without actually outputting the actual environmental parameters.
  • the integrated circuit can directly output subsequent real-time environmental parameters.
  • steps 6, 7 After the execution of steps 6, 7 is interrupted, the integrated circuit can continue to monitor the real-time environment parameters, and the integrated circuit can be resumed when the subsequent changes of the immediate environmental parameters re-compliance with the change rule of the physical and chemical property function. Steps 6, 7.
  • a person skilled in the art can also set a time period for interrupting the time length of steps 6, 7, and automatically cancel the above steps after interrupting steps 6, 7 for more than a certain time.
  • the integrated circuit may still monitor the actual environmental parameters obtained in step 5 after the interruption steps 6 and 7, and after the actual environmental parameters obtained subsequently return to the upper threshold and the lower threshold, Steps 6, 7 can be restored.
  • those skilled in the art can adjust the above setting parameters according to actual application conditions, and increase or decrease the distance between the upper threshold and the lower threshold to adapt the sensor to different environmental characteristics, and can accurately reflect environmental factors and/or Or the purpose of responding quickly to changes in environmental factors.
  • the above is the environmental parameter measurement and prediction method according to the present invention.
  • the method can output the actual environmental parameters substantially consistent with the actual situation of the environmental factors without waiting for the sensing element to be fully sensed, thereby greatly reducing the waiting time of the sensing system. Time to make higher precision humidity sensors as well Other sensing elements are available for application.
  • the method may further include other steps of signal processing.
  • signal conditioning and analog-to-digital conversion processing may be performed on the instantaneous sensing characteristic value.
  • the signal adjustment includes a signal processing process such as filtering, rectification, etc., and the signal of the instantaneous sensing characteristic value is adjusted to an appropriate form.
  • the instant sensing characteristic value is an analog signal, and the analog signal can be converted into a digital signal in order to facilitate subsequent estimation operations.
  • the environmental parameter measurement and prediction method of the present invention is suitable for a plurality of sensing elements.
  • the humidity sensing element is used, and the present invention does not limit the type of the sensing element.
  • the sensing element may include a humidity sensitive element.
  • the thermal element the combination of the two measures the relative humidity of the environment.
  • the present invention also provides an environmental sensor for implementing the above-described environmental parameter measurement and prediction method, as shown in FIG. 3, wherein at least the sensing element 11 and the integrated circuit 13 are included.
  • the sensing element 11 is configured to sense an environmental factor of the environment to be tested, and generate an instantaneous sensing characteristic value for transmission.
  • the environmental sensor needs to record the sensing time information of the sensing element 11, so that a clock unit 12 for recording the sensing time of the sensing element 11 can be included, the clock unit 12 providing an instant clock signal.
  • the sensor may acquire an instant clock signal from an external device, which may be externally delivered to the integrated circuit 13.
  • the integrated circuit 13 can continuously obtain the instantaneous sensing characteristic value and the instant clock signal, and obtain an instant environmental parameter for storage and output.
  • a physical and chemical property function corresponding to the sensing element 11 may be preset in the integrated circuit 13.
  • the integrated circuit 13 can directly output the obtained real-time environment parameters, and when the prediction operation needs to be performed, the integrated circuit 13 can enter a prediction mode, which utilizes the physical and chemical characteristic function according to the current instant clock signal. Predictive calculations are performed with real-time environmental parameters and at least one set of previously stored real-time environmental parameters and instant clock signals to obtain actual environmental parameters corresponding to environmental factors.
  • the integrated circuit 13 may include a storage unit 131 for storing real-time environmental parameters, an instant clock signal, and actual environmental parameters.
  • the data received and calculated by the integrated circuit 13 can be stored in the storage unit 131.
  • the integrated circuit 13 may further include a prediction unit 132, where the physical and chemical property function is set in the prediction unit 132. In the prediction mode, the prediction unit 132 is configured to perform a prediction operation to obtain an actual environmental parameter.
  • the integrated circuit 13 can transmit and store the actual environmental parameters.
  • a person skilled in the art can pre-set the integrated circuit 13 to define a range of variation of the instantaneous environmental parameters obtained each time. If the next obtained immediate environmental parameter exceeds the variation range, the integrated circuit 13 switches from the normal mode to the prediction. mode.
  • the integrated circuit 13 can obtain subsequent actual environmental parameters according to subsequent group or partial group real-time environmental parameters and real-time clock signal prediction operations.
  • the previously obtained environmental parameters are corrected by subsequent actual environmental parameters.
  • the environmental sensor may further include an interrupt control unit 16.
  • the interrupt control unit 16 is configured to receive the actual environmental parameters and the instant clock signal obtained by the integrated circuit 13, and set the upper threshold and/or the next actual environmental parameter according to the preset setting parameters. Threshold. If the actual environmental parameter obtained by the next prediction operation exceeds the range of the upper threshold or the lower threshold, the interrupt control unit 16 prevents the integrated circuit 13 from outputting the actual environmental parameter, and the integrated circuit 13 outputs the next immediate environmental parameter. .
  • the interrupt control unit 16 can freely select the setting parameters according to the actual use of the environmental sensor and the requirement for accuracy sensitivity.
  • the sensing element 11 may be a sensing device such as a humidity sensitive element and/or a heat sensitive element and a combination thereof for monitoring environmental factors such as relative humidity and temperature.
  • a signal conditioning module 17 and an analog to digital converter 18 may also be included in the environmental sensor.
  • the signal conditioning module 17 is configured to perform signal processing such as filtering, rectification, and the like on the instantaneous sensing characteristic value generated by the sensing element 11.
  • the instant sensing characteristic value is an analog signal
  • the analog to digital converter 18 converts the instantaneous sensing characteristic value into a digital signal to facilitate subsequent estimation of the signal.
  • the environment sensor may also include a port 14 for data exchange with an external device.
  • the output of the actual environmental parameters and the input of the time signal can be completed through the port 14.
  • the sensor can use an I 2 C port 14 or other port protocol.
  • the external device may be a computer, a monitoring device, or a mobile electronic device, and the present invention does not limit the types of ports 14 and external devices.
  • the environmental sensor may also include an independent power supply 15 or may obtain electrical energy from an external device.
  • the above is an environmental sensor provided by the present invention, which realizes accurate prediction of environmental factors of the environment to be tested through a physical and chemical property function corresponding to the sensing element.
  • the environmental sensor can output actual environmental parameters that substantially match environmental factors without waiting for the sensing element to fully complete sensing. As the sensing element continues to sense, the system can also modify previously generated actual environmental parameters to further approximate environmental factors. This makes it possible to have a sensing element with higher precision but requiring a longer sensing time.
  • the system can also output the immediate environmental parameters without outputting the results of the prediction operation, which is consistent with environmental factors as much as possible.
  • the scope of application of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments for the humidity sensitive element and the heat sensitive element, and those skilled in the art can adjust the characteristics of the type of the sensing element, the physical and chemical property function, the range of the threshold, and the like according to the actual application.
  • a time unit may be set in the environmental sensor, and an instant clock signal may also be received from the external device.
  • the principle of the invention is to predict the actual environmental parameters by using the physical and chemical property function of the sensing element, and obtain the real environmental parameters before the sensing element completes the sensing, thereby realizing the rapid response of the sensor.
  • the sensing system can cancel the output prediction result and directly output the immediate environmental parameters to reflect the current environmental factors as much as possible.

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Abstract

一种环境传感器及环境参数测量和预测方法，包括：传感元件（11）用于感应即时感应特性值，以供发送。集成电路（13）用于持续获取即时感应特性值和即时时钟信号，经运算得到即时环境参数以供存储、输出；所述集成电路（13）中还设置有与所述传感元件（11）对应的理化特性函数，在预测模式下，所述集成电路（13）利用理化特性函数，根据当前的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号以及至少一组之前存储的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，得到实际环境参数，以供存储、发送。

Description

一种环境传感器和一种环境参数测量和预测方法 技术领域
本发明属于微机电技术领域，涉及一种传感器，尤其是涉及传感器的快速反应和计算方法。
背景技术
传感器是用于测量外界环境情况参数的器件。随着半导体技术的发展，各类MEMS传感器也被开发出来。MEMS传感器具有体积小、重量轻、能耗低、数字输出等优点，便于进行电子和数码集成，广泛应用于消费电子、工农业生产、环境监控、医疗、智能家居、汽车、仓储、文物保护等众多领域。
其中，湿度传感器是一种典型的微机电传感器，它能够对环境中的湿度或相对湿度做出反应，并通过电子系统将该项参数反映出来。但以MEMS湿度传感器为代表的各类湿度传感器普遍存在响应速度较慢的问题，这是由湿敏材料的理化特性改变速度所决定的。以目前市面上最常见的MEMS湿度传感器为电容型和电阻型为例，其响应时间多数在6秒以上。
另一方面，湿度传感器的响应时间和精度往往呈制约关系，高精度湿度传感器湿敏材料往往伴随有较大幅度的物理和/或化学性质变化，而一般来说，为了充分实现足够幅度的变化，就需要较长的时间。这限制了湿度传感器的应用范围，反过来又限制了更高精度湿敏材料的应用。
所以，湿度传感器的响应速度问题严重制约了其在湿度变化剧烈和需快速测量等环境中的应用，造成时间浪费、测量精确度降低等现象。对于智能穿戴和消费电子等产品，还极大的降低了使用者的用户体验。在环境湿度快速变化的情形下，无法实现测定最高湿度值等功能。
对其它环境参数进行响应的传感器，如各类气体传感器，同样存在与湿度传感器中类似的问题。
综合以上分析，有必要提出一种改进的或新型的传感器和传感器工作方法，新的传感器应能够快速的、精确的反映出被测环境的实际环境参数。对于在环境变化剧烈的情况下，传感器应尽可能的准确反映当前时刻的环境参数，跟随环境的变化快速做出反应。
发明内容
本发明未解决上述技术问题之一，提供了一种环境传感器，其中包括：
传感元件，用于感应即时感应特性值，以供发送；
集成电路，用于持续获取即时感应特性值和即时时钟信号，运算得到即时环境参数以供存储、输出；
所述集成电路设置有与所述传感元件对应的理化特性函数，在预测模式下，所述集成电路利用理化特性函数，根据当前的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号以及至少一组之前存储的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，得到实际环境参数，以供存储、发送。
所述集成电路还可以包括：
存储单元，用于存储即时环境参数、即时时钟信号以及实际环境参数；以及
预测单元，其中设置有理化特性函数，在预测模式下，所述预测单元用于进行预测运算，得到实际环境参数。
在预测模式下，所述集成电路还用于根据后续的每组或部分组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，陆续得到后续的实际环境参数，用于对之前得到的实际环境参数进行修正。
所述环境传感器还可以包括中断控制单元，在预测模式下，所述中断控制单元用于接收所述集成电路得到的实际环境参数，并根据预先给定的设置参数为下一次实际环境参数设置上阈值和/或下阈值。如果下一次预测运算得到的实际环境参数超出了上阈值或下阈值的范围，所述中断控制单元阻止所述集成电路输出实际环境参数，所述集成电路输出下一次即时环境参数。所述传感元件可以包括湿敏元件和/或热敏元件。
所述环境传感器还可以包括：
对即时感应特性值进行信号预处理的信号调节模块和模数转换器；
时钟单元，用于生成记录所述传感元件的感应时间的即时时钟信号，以供发送；
端口，用于与外部设备进行数据交换。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种环境参数测量和预测方法，包括：
步骤1，提供与传感元件相对应的理化特性函数；
步骤2，持续获取所述传感元件感应的即时感应特性值以及与即时感应特性值相对应的即时时钟信号，并计算与所述即时感应特性值对应的即时环境参数，以供存储；
步骤3，设定变化范围，将当前的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号与之前存储的一组或多组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行比较，如果未超出所述变化范围，则输出当前的即时环境参数，如果超出所述变化范围，则进行预测运算；
步骤4，在预测运算中，利用所述理化特性函数，根据至少两组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，得到与环境因素对应的实际环境参数，以供存储、输出。
在所述步骤4之后还可以包括：
步骤5，在预测运算中，可以持续获取后续的多组即时感应特性值和即时时钟信号并计算相应的即时环境参数，选择每组或部分组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，持续得到后续的实际环境参数；
步骤6，用后续的实际环境参数对之前的实际环境参数进行修正；
步骤7，当后续的实际环境参数趋于稳定时，终止步骤4至步骤6。
在所述步骤4和/或步骤5之后，还可以包括：
步骤A，根据当前得到的实际环境参数和预先给定的设置参数给下一次实际环境参数设置上阈值和/或下阈值；
步骤B，当下一次实际环境参数超出了所述上阈值或下阈值的范围时，中止进行步骤6至步骤7，输出下一次的即时环境参数。
在所述步骤B之后，还可以包括：
步骤C，当后续输出的即时环境参数符合所述理化特性函数的变化规 律及阈值限定，或者经过设置的时间段，恢复进行步骤6至步骤7。
在所述步骤2中，可以对所述即时感应特性值进行信号调节和模数转换。
本发明提供的环境传感器能够在进入待测环境后作出快速响应，无需等待传感元件完全完成感应，就能够输出与待测环境高度吻合的实际环境参数。所述环境传感器适用于需要快速测量的环境，并且为高精度传感元件的实际使用提供了合适的平台。用户在使用该系统时，能够第一时间获得环境参数，如果待测环境发生变化，该系统也能迅速作出修正和响应。以上设计能满足日常社会生活和工农业生产条件下的环境参数快速测量。在环境参数不规则快速变化的极端情况下，还能中断预测运算，输出当前的即时结果并作出提醒。所以，本发明提供的环境传感器大幅提升了传感器的测量效率和精度，并使新型的更高精度但反应较慢的传感材料的使用成为可能。另一方面，本发明提供了快速、准确的测量和预测环境参数的方法，这种方法适用于多种感应元件。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的环境参数测量和预测方法的步骤示意图；
图2为本发明具体实施例中所述传感元件的感应特性值在待测环境中随时间变化的示意图；
图3为本发明具体实施例中提供的环境传感器的系统示意图；
图4为本发明具体实施例中提供的环境传感器的系统示意图；
图5为本发明具体实施例中提供的环境传感器的系统示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的组件或具有相同或类似功能的组件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能解释为对本发明的限制。其中，“环境因素”代表诸如温度、湿度、某特定化学物质浓度等环境中的特征；“环境参数”代表反映“环境因素” 的物理量，例如摄氏度、浓度、摩尔数等；“即时感应特性值”代表传感元件当前时刻对“环境因素”产生的感应情况，输出的是电学信号；“即时环境参数”代表根据“即时感应特性值”计算得到的环境参数；“实际环境参数”代表根据所述集成电路根据实际情况选择工作状态运算得到并输出的环境参数。
本发明提供了一种新型环境参数测量和预测方法，以下对这种方法的描述将与实际结构结合在一起，以方便理解。如图1所示，所述环境参数测量和预测方法至少包括：
步骤1：提供一个与所要使用的传感元件相对应的理化特性函数。当将传感元件置于待测环境中时，传感元件会对特定的环境因素做出反应，逐渐开始发生物理和/或化学变化，生成即时感应特性值。通常情况，传感元件进入待测环境后，其响应过程有固定的规律，一般以一次及各次指数函数及其线性组合为主。如图2所示，以湿敏元件为例，在待测环境中随着时间的推移，湿度感应特性值会根据其固定的理化函数变化。其中，P代表感应特性值，t代表感应时间。p0代表湿敏元件未开始监测的初始状态感应特性值，p代表待测环境的实际感应特性值。由于传感元件需要一段时间进行感应，所以，在进入待测环境t1时间后，湿敏元件的即时感应特性值为p1，并不是p。所述理化特性函数是由传感元件的感应特性值与感应时间的变化关系推导得到的函数关系，其能够反映传感元件在待测环境中感应过程与时间的变化关系。
步骤2：持续不断获取多组所述传感元件感应的即时感应特性值以及与即时感应特性值相对应的即时时钟信号，并计算与所述即时感应特性值对应的即时环境参数，以供存储，与每个即时环境参数相对应的即时时钟信号也需要一同存储。可以用一个特殊功能集成电路(ASIC)对上述数据进行收集，所述即时时钟信号可以由一个时钟单元提供。所述集成电路可以由其它电子运算单元代替，在对设备体积不做限制时还可使用单片机等实现更多更复杂的功能，本发明不对此进行限定。所述即时时钟信号记录了传感元件对待测环境进行感应的时间点。例如，第一组的即时感应特性 值代表感应元件进入待测环境时的理化特征，第一组的即时时钟信号代表所述传感元件进入待测环境的时间点。第二组的即时时钟信号反映了所述传感元件在待测环境中停留的时间，第二组的即时感应特性值则反映了当前时刻传感元件对待测环境产生的感应特性。所述集成电路将两个即时感应特性值计算出对应的即时环境参数，并对两个即时环境参数和与它们对应的即时时钟信号按照时间顺序进行存储。
步骤3：设定一个变化范围，将当前的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号与之前存储的一组或多组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行比较，如果未超出所述变化范围，则输出当前的即时环境参数，如果超出所述变化范围，则进行预测运算。
具体的，本领域技术人员可以根据实际的使用情况设定一个变化范围，用以衡量当前得到的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号相对于之前存储的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号的变化程度，并决定之后对数据进行何种处理。所述变化范围可以只针对即时环境参数，例如，“当前即时环境参数相对于之前存储的即时环境参数变化程度是否大于3％”。或者所述变化范围也可以对即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行综合考虑，例如，“当前即时环境参数相对于之前存储的即时环境参数变化程度是否大于3％，且当前即时时钟信号与之前存储的即时时钟信号之间时间间隔小于1秒”。利用变化范围进行判定，可以判断被测环境是否突然发生了改变。如果当前的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号没有超出所述变化范围，则表明被测环境没有发生显著改变，可以将即时环境参数进行输出，能够保证精度。反之，如果超出了所述变化范围，则表明被测环境发生了显著的改变，则需要进行预测运算。
步骤4：如果步骤3判定需要进行预测运算，则利用所述理化特性函数，根据至少两组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，得到与环境因素对应的实际环境参数，以供存储、输出。
具体的，在预测运算中，所述集成电路利用与所述传感元件对应的理化特性函数，可以根据一组当前的即时环境参数和即时时间信号以及一组之前存储的即时环境参数和即时时间信号进行预测运算。在其他实施方式中，所述集成电路也可以根据两组之前存储的即时环境参数和即时时钟信 号进行预测运算。以根据当前即时环境参数作为预测基础的情况为例，首先，计算当前的即时环境参数与之前存储的即时环境参数的差值ΔE，并计算第二组的即时时间信号t1与第一组的即时时间信号t0的差值Δt，根据ΔE和Δt以及理化特性函数能够预测出与实际环境因素基本吻合的实际环境参数，即，与传感元件经过一段时间充分进行感应之后生成的即时感应特性值相对应的环境参数。
根据以上方法，传感器可以快速、准确的对待测环境作出响应。该方法还可以包括以下步骤，在上述步骤4之后还可以包括：
步骤5：在预测运算中，持续获取后续的多组即时感应特性值和即时时钟信号并计算相应的即时环境参数，以供存储，选择每组或部分组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，持续得到后续的实际环境参数；
步骤6：用后续的实际环境参数对之前的实际环境参数进行修正。
步骤7：当后续的实际环境参数趋于稳定时，终止步骤4至步骤6。
具体的，所述传感元件不断生成即时感应特性值，集成电路陆续获取新生成的各组即时感应特性值和即时时钟信号，并对后续的即时感应特性值计算出即时环境参数，以供存储。集成电路可以选用后续得到的各组数据和之前存储的各组数据互相求得差值，重复进行所述预测运算，计算出后续的实际环境参数。由于后续生成的即时感应特性值更接近于待测环境的实际情况，所以预测得到的实际环境参数也更准确，所述集成电路可以用新计算的实际环境参数对之前的实际环境参数进行修正。所述修正可以是直接替换之前的实际环境参数，也可以是经过特定的运算处理，对之前的实际环境参数进行修改。当后续得到的多个实际环境参数趋于稳定后，就可以终止预测运算，即终止步骤4至步骤6。此时，预测运算得到的当前实际环境参数应与当前的即时环境参数基本一致，而且后续的即时环境参数和实际环境参数均不发生大的改变，所以，可以终止预测运算，直接输出所述即时环境参数。
特别的，本发明提供的环境参数测量和预测方法中还可以包括针对环境因素出现频繁不规律变化的测量方法。在步骤4和/或步骤5之后，还可以包括：
步骤A：根据当前得到的实际环境参数和预先给定的设置参数给下一次实际环境参数设置上阈值和/或下阈值；
步骤B：当下一次实际环境参数超出了所述上阈值或下阈值的范围时，终止进行步骤6至步骤7，输出下一次的即时环境参数。
步骤C，当后续输出的即时环境参数符合所述理化特性函数的变化规律及阈值限定范围，或者经过预设的时间段，恢复进行步骤6至步骤7。.
具体的，根据实际的精度要求、灵敏度需求和所测环境等因素，本领域技术人员可以预先在所述集成电路中给定一个设置参数。所述设置参数能够给每次得到的实际环境参数添加冗余后设置上阈值和/或下阈值。当所述环境参数测量和预测方法进行到步骤4、5之后，所述集成电路将后续的实际环境参数与之前的实际环境参数进行比对，如果后续的实际环境参数超出了所述上阈值或者下阈值的范围，即后续的实际环境参数没有按照理化特性函数的规律变化，说明待测环境因素出现了不规律变化的情况。此时，集成电路可以中断执行步骤6、7，即不再输出实际环境参数。所述集成电路可以直接输出后续的即时环境参数。中断执行步骤6、7至后，所述集成电路可以继续对即时环境参数进行监测，当后续的即时环境参数的变化情况重新符合所述理化特性函数的变化规律时，所述集成电路可以恢复进行步骤6、7。本领域技术人员也可以为中断步骤6、7的时间长度设置时间段，中断步骤6、7超过一定时间后，自动恢复上述步骤。另外，所述集成电路还可以在中断步骤6、7之后，仍然对步骤5得到的实际环境参数进行监测，当后续得到的实际环境参数回到所述上阈值和下阈值的范围内后，也可以恢复步骤6、7。
特别的，本领域技术人员可以根据实际应用情况，对上述设置参数进行调整，增加或减小上阈值和下阈值之间的距离能够使传感器适应不同的环境特点，能够达到精确反映环境因素和/或对环境因素的变化做出快速反应的目的。
以上是本发明所述的环境参数测量和预测方法，该方法无需等待传感元件充分感应，就可以输出与环境因素的实际情况基本吻合的实际环境参数，大大降低了传感系统使用时的等待时间，使更高精度的湿敏元件以及 其它传感元件得到应用的可能。
所述方法中还可以包括信号处理的其它步骤，例如在进行步骤2中，可以先对所述即时感应特性值进行信号调节和模数转换处理。信号调节包括滤波、整流等信号处理过程，将所述即时感应特性值的信号调节成适当的形态。所述即时感应特性值是一种模拟信号，为了便于后续预估运算，可以将模拟信号转换成数字信号。
本发明的环境参数测量和预测方法适合多种传感元件，在上述实施例中使用的是湿敏元件，本发明并不对传感元件的类型进行限制，例如，传感元件可以包括湿敏元件和热敏元件，两者组合测量环境的相对湿度。本领域技术人员可以根据使用目的将所述环境参数测量和预测方法与其它传感元件结合。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种实现上述环境参数测量和预测方法的环境传感器，如图3所示，其中至少包括：传感元件11和集成电路13。
所述传感元件11用于感应待测环境的环境因素，生成即时感应特性值，以供发送。所述环境传感器需要记录传感元件11的感应时间信息，所以，其中可以包括一个用于记录所述传感元件11的感应时间的时钟单元12，所述时钟单元12提供即时时钟信号。或者所述传感器可以从外部设备中获取即时时钟信号，所述即时时钟信号可以从外部输送至所述集成电路13。所述集成电路13可以持续获取即时感应特性值和即时时钟信号，运算得到即时环境参数，以供存储、输出。在具体实施例中，所述集成电路13中可以预先设置有与所述传感元件11对应的理化特性函数。普通模式下，所述集成电路13可以直接输出得到的即时环境参数，而当需要进行预测运算时，所述集成电路13可以进入预测模式，其利用所述理化特性函数，根据当前的即时时钟信号和即时环境参数以及至少一组之前存储的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测计算，得到与环境因素对应的实际环境参数。
优选的，如图4所示，所述集成电路13可以包括存储单元131，所述存储单元131用于存储即时环境参数、即时时钟信号和实际环境参数。所述集成电路13接收、运算得到的数据均可以存储在所述存储单元131中。 所述集成电路13还可以包括预测单元132，所述理化特性函数设置在所述预测单元132中，在预测模式下，所述预测单元132用于进行预测运算，得到实际环境参数。所述集成电路13可以发送、存储所述实际环境参数。本领域工作人员可以预先对集成电路13进行设置，限定每次得到的即时环境参数的变化范围，如果下一次得到的即时环境参数超出了变化范围，则所述集成电路13从普通模式切换到预测模式。
进一步的，在预测模式下，所述集成电路13可以根据后续的每组或部分组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号预测运算，陆续得到后续的实际环境参数。可选的，以后续的实际环境参数对之前得到的环境参数进行修正。
特别的，本发明为了应对待测环境出现频繁不规律变化的情况，如图5所示，所述环境传感器中还可以包括中断控制单元16。在预测模式下，所述中断控制单元16用于接收所述集成电路13得到的实际环境参数和即时时钟信号，并根据预先给定的设置参数为下一次实际环境参数设置上阈值和/或下阈值。如果下一次预测运算得到的实际环境参数超出了上阈值或下阈值的范围，所述中断控制单元16阻止所述集成电路13输出所述实际环境参数，所述集成电路13输出下一次即时环境参数。本领域技术人员可以根据所述环境传感器的实际使用情况，和对精度灵敏度的要求，自由选择所述设置参数。
另外，所述传感元件11可以是湿敏元件和/或热敏元件等传感设备及其组合，用于监测相对湿度、温度等环境因素。
所述环境传感器中还可以包括信号调节模块17和模数转换器18。所述信号调节模块17用于对传感元件11生成的即时感应特性值进行滤波、整流等信号处理。所述即时感应特性值是一种模拟信号，所述模数转换器18将所述即时感应特性值转换成数字信号，以方便后续对信号的预估运算。
所述环境传感器中还可以包括用于与外部设备进行数据交换的端口14。实际环境参数的输出、时间信号的输入，均可以通过端口14完成。所述传感器可以使用I2C端口14或者其他端口协议。所述外部设备可以是计算机、监测设备或者移动电子设备，本发明不对端口14和外部设备的类型进行限制。另外，所述环境传感器中还可以包括独立的供电电源15，也可 以从外部设备中获得电能。
以上是本发明提供的环境传感器，该系统通过与传感元件对应的理化特性函数实现对待测环境的环境因素的准确预测。所述环境传感器无需等待传感元件完全完成感应就能够输出与环境因素基本吻合的实际环境参数。随着传感元件不断完成感应，所述系统还可以对之前生成的实际环境参数进行修正，进一步接近环境因素。这使得具有更高精度但需要更长感应时间的传感元件具有了实际应用的可能。另外，当环境因素频繁的不规律变化时，本系统还可以不输出预测运算的结果，直接输出即时环境参数，尽可能的与环境因素吻合。
本发明的应用范围不局限于以上描述的针对湿敏元件和热敏元件的实施例，本领域技术人员可以根据实际应用对传感元件的类型、理化特性函数、阈值的范围等特征进行调整。所述环境传感器中可以设置一个时间单元，也可以从外部设备处接收即时时钟信号。本发明的原理在于：利用传感元件的理化特性函数预测实际环境参数，在传感元件完成感应之前就得到真实的环境参数，实现传感器的快速响应。另一方面，在待测环境发生快速不规律变化的情况下，传感系统可以取消输出预测运算的结果，直接输出即时环境参数，尽可能真实的反映当前的环境因素。
对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明所附权利要求旨在将这些变型、替换等结构包含在其保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种环境传感器，其特征在于，包括：
    传感元件(11)，用于感应即时感应特性值，以供发送；
    集成电路(13)，用于持续获取即时感应特性值和即时时钟信号，运算得到即时环境参数以供存储、输出；
    所述集成电路(13)设置有与所述传感元件(11)对应的理化特性函数，在预测模式下，所述集成电路(13)利用理化特性函数，根据当前的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号以及至少一组之前存储的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，得到实际环境参数，以供存储、发送。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的环境传感器，其特征在于，所述集成电路(13)包括：
    存储单元(131)，用于存储即时环境参数、即时时钟信号以及实际环境参数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的环境传感器，其特征在于，所述集成电路(13)包括：
    预测单元(132)，其中设置有理化特性函数，在预测模式下，所述预测单元(132)用于进行预测运算，得到实际环境参数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的环境传感器，其特征在于，在预测模式下，所述集成电路(13)还用于根据后续的每组或部分组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，陆续得到后续的实际环境参数，用于对之前得到的实际环境参数进行修正。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的环境传感器，其特征在于，包括：
    中断控制单元(16)，在预测模式下，用于接收所述集成电路(13)得到的实际环境参数，并根据预先给定的设置参数为下一次实际环境参数运算出上阈值和/或下阈值；
    如果下一次预测运算得到的实际环境参数超出了上阈值或下阈值的范围，所述中断控制单元(16)阻止所述集成电路(13)输出实际环境参数，所述集成电路(13)输出下一次即时环境参数。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的环境传感器，其特征在于，包括：
    时钟单元(12)，用于生成记录所述传感元件(11)的感应时间的即时时钟信号，以供发送。
  7. 一种环境参数测量和预测方法，其特征在于，包括：
    步骤1，提供与传感元件相对应的理化特性函数；
    步骤2，持续获取所述传感元件感应的即时感应特性值以及与即时感应特性值相对应的即时时钟信号，并计算与所述即时感应特性值对应的即时环境参数，以供存储；
    步骤3，设定变化范围，将当前的即时环境参数和即时时钟信号与之前存储的一组或多组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行比较，如果未超出所述变化范围，则输出当前的即时环境参数，如果超出所述变化范围，则进行预测运算；
    步骤4，在预测运算中，利用所述理化特性函数，根据至少两组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，得到与环境因素对应的实际环境参数，以供存储、输出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的环境参数测量和预测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4之后包括：
    步骤5，在预测运算中，持续获取后续的多组即时感应特性值和即时时钟信号并计算相应的即时环境参数，选择每组或部分组即时环境参数和即时时钟信号进行预测运算，持续得到后续的实际环境参数；
    步骤6，用后续的实际环境参数对之前的实际环境参数进行修正；
    步骤7，当后续的实际环境参数趋于稳定时，终止步骤4至步骤6。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的环境参数测量和预测方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤4和/或步骤5之后包括：
    步骤A，根据当前得到的实际环境参数和预先给定的设置参数给下一次实际环境参数设置上阈值和/或下阈值；
    步骤B，当下一次实际环境参数超出了所述上阈值或下阈值的范围时，中止进行步骤6至步骤7，输出下一次的即时环境参数。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的环境参数测量和预测方法，其特征在于， 在步骤B之后包括：
    步骤C，当后续输出的即时环境参数符合所述理化特性函数的变化规律及阈值限定，或者经过设置的时间段，恢复进行步骤6至步骤7。
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JP6430018B2 (ja) 2018-11-28
JP2018506026A (ja) 2018-03-01
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KR20170091728A (ko) 2017-08-09
CN104460469B (zh) 2017-07-28
EP3223089A4 (en) 2018-01-17
US10317355B2 (en) 2019-06-11
KR102046697B1 (ko) 2019-12-02
US20170343499A1 (en) 2017-11-30
CN104460469A (zh) 2015-03-25

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