WO2016090901A1 - 多输入多输出mimo基站 - Google Patents

多输入多输出mimo基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016090901A1
WO2016090901A1 PCT/CN2015/082685 CN2015082685W WO2016090901A1 WO 2016090901 A1 WO2016090901 A1 WO 2016090901A1 CN 2015082685 W CN2015082685 W CN 2015082685W WO 2016090901 A1 WO2016090901 A1 WO 2016090901A1
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antenna
module
base station
radio frequency
antennas
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PCT/CN2015/082685
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English (en)
French (fr)
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田之继
王蕊
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2016090901A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016090901A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

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  • This paper relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a MIMO base station with multiple inputs and multiple outputs.
  • ICT information communication technology
  • OFDM massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
  • LTE-Advanced is the fourth-generation international standard for mobile communication technology (4G).
  • 4G networks have begun to be commercialized on a global scale. However, as users' demand for wireless data continues to increase, the related capabilities and capacity of the network will gradually be surpassed. In the research work for 2020 and the future 5G that has already started. The goal is to provide a new network with high traffic, low latency, high intelligence, and low power consumption.
  • the transmission rate is 10 to 100 times higher than that of 4G, the user experience rate is 0.1 to 1 Gb/s, and the user peak rate is 10 Gb. /s.
  • massive MIMO technology provides the possibility to achieve the above key technical indicators.
  • nodes in different geographical locations form a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel to cooperate to complete communication with multiple mobile communication terminals, and the network architecture is suitable for 4G.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • Typical antenna number configurations (2 antennas, 4 antennas, 8 antennas) and cell settings in the network have been applied in 4G networks.
  • the Active Antenna System (AAS) integrates the RF part of the distributed base station into the antenna, although it has certain improvements in system coverage, capacity, and networking. But for large antenna arrays (64 antennas) The configuration and networking of the above and above, if a distributed architecture and an AAS system are adopted, the entire networking scale is very large and has no practical significance.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a MIMO base station to overcome the problem of channel capacity limitation, high baseband signal transmission cost, and excessive networking size in related wireless networks.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a MIMO base station, including: a baseband module, a radio frequency module, and an antenna module, wherein the baseband module, the radio frequency module, and the antenna module are integrally interconnected with each other through a backplane.
  • the radio frequency module is N
  • the antenna module includes N antenna element sub-units that are consistent with the number of the radio frequency module, and each of the antenna element sub-units is configured with M antenna elements, where the base station is configured.
  • the antenna is an N*M root, where M and N are integers greater than zero.
  • N*M> 64.
  • the base station includes: one baseband module, four radio frequency modules, and one antenna module, the antenna module includes four antenna element units, and each of the antenna element units is configured with 16 antenna elements.
  • the base station includes: one baseband module, four radio frequency modules, and one antenna module, the antenna module includes eight antenna element units, and each of the antenna element units is configured with eight antenna elements.
  • the antenna modules correspond to multiple.
  • a MIMO base station includes a baseband module, a radio frequency module, and an antenna module, and each module is integrally interconnected through a high-speed backplane, which not only reduces the transmission cost of the baseband signal but also the transmission of the radio frequency to the antenna.
  • the design architecture of the integrated base station overcomes the problem that the network size is too large in the next generation mobile communication network using the related distributed architecture and AAS architecture. It has convenient construction and does not need to be separately installed.
  • Features such as antenna, RRU and BBU, and transmission can also save space and reduce operator operating costs. It is highly scalable and can flexibly configure the number of antenna array modules.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of a MIMO base station according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a configuration manner of a MIMO base station supporting 64 antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station adopts a large-scale MIMO integrated architecture, and the baseband module, the radio frequency module, and the antenna module are interconnected through a high-speed backplane, thereby reducing the transmission cost of the baseband signal and the transmission insertion loss of the radio frequency to the antenna, and adopting a large Scale-based MIMO technology overcomes the channel capacity limitation in related 4G wireless networks by supporting large-scale antenna arrays (supporting 64 antennas and 64 antennas or more), which doubles the network capacity and transmission rate, and overcomes the use of related distributed architectures.
  • AAS architecture networking In the next generation of mobile communication networks, the network size is too large.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a MIMO base station, including: a baseband module 103, a radio frequency module 102, and an antenna module 101.
  • the baseband module 103, the radio frequency module 102, and the antenna module 101 pass each other.
  • the high-speed backplane is integrated and interconnected.
  • the functions of the baseband module, the radio frequency module and the antenna module are the same as the prior art; the baseband module is set to realize the modulation and demodulation function of the baseband signal; the radio frequency module is set to realize the transceiving function of the radio frequency signal; the antenna module is set to realize Transceiver function of microwave signal.
  • This embodiment adopts an integrated base station architecture design, which improves the accuracy of multi-antenna correction, and can overcome the channel capacity limitation in the related technology 4G wireless network, so that the network capacity and the transmission rate are doubled.
  • the integrated base station is adopted.
  • the design architecture can overcome the problem of the network size being too large in the next generation mobile communication network using the relevant distributed architecture and AAS architecture.
  • the modular structure of the base station is as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the integrated base station architecture realizes baseband modularization, RF modularization, and antenna unit modularization.
  • the transmission of high-speed signals, RF signals, and power signals is realized through a high-speed backplane.
  • the program's The whole architecture is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the architecture consists of a baseband module 103 (the baseband module 103 can be expanded according to the number of antennas), N radio modules 102, and one antenna module 101.
  • the antenna module 101 The interior includes N antenna array sub-units in accordance with the number of the radio frequency modules 102, and each antenna array sub-unit can be configured with M antenna elements. That is, the base station system can be configured with N*M antennas, where M and N are integers greater than zero.
  • the total transmit power of the system is the product of the transmit power of each antenna and the number of antennas, that is, the total transmit power is:
  • Ptx is the total transmit power of the wireless transmitter
  • Pt is the power of each antenna
  • Nt is the number of transmit antennas.
  • the integrated base station of the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages in architecture design:
  • the radio remote module and the baseband processing unit need to be connected through a fiber, and the radio remote module and the antenna need to be connected through a feeder; in the AAS architecture, since the radio unit is integrated into the antenna, the baseband The processing unit and the active antenna unit need to be connected by an optical fiber, thereby increasing the transmission cost of the baseband signal and the transmission loss of the radio frequency to the antenna.
  • the baseband module 103, the radio frequency module 102 and the antenna module 101 are integrated, and each module is interconnected through a high-speed backplane, thereby reducing the transmission cost of the baseband signal and the radio frequency to the antenna. Transfer insertion loss.
  • the integrated base station supporting the large-scale antenna array has the following advantages: (1) convenient construction, no need to separately install an antenna, a remote radio frequency module RRU and an indoor baseband processing unit BBU and transmission; (2) saves space and reduces operator operating costs; (3) has strong scalability and can flexibly configure the number of antenna array modules.
  • the integrated base station adopts a modular design and consists of one baseband module, four radio frequency modules and one antenna module.
  • the specific implementation and configuration is shown in Figure 3.
  • the antenna module includes four antenna element units, and each antenna element unit is configured with 16 channels.
  • each antenna element sub-unit can be flexibly configured.
  • it can also be configured as 8 antenna element units, and each antenna element unit is configured with 8 channels of antennas.
  • the number of baseband modules in the base station in this embodiment may be set to multiple according to requirements, and the corresponding antenna modules may also be multiple, that is, multiple base station systems composed of the baseband module, the radio frequency module, and the antenna module of the foregoing architecture. It is implemented in a parallel integration to meet the needs of massive antennas of 64 antennas and above.
  • the base station system can be used in the configuration of the macro-cell networking of the rear 4G and 5G, and is applicable to a high-power configuration scenario. Taking 64 antennas as an example, in a typical application, the power of each antenna is 0.625W, and the total system transmit power is 40W (0.625W*64).
  • the base station system is small in size and light in weight.
  • an 8-channel distributed base station and an AAS system are required.
  • Eight radio remote units and eight active antenna units need to be configured.
  • the traditional base station architecture of 2-channel, 4-channel, and 8-channel is adopted, and the required remote radio unit and active antenna unit will be more.
  • the requirements for volume, network construction cost, and surface resources are unacceptable to operators.
  • the base station system has significantly improved system performance by adopting massive MIMO technology. Taking the base station system of the 64 antenna array as an example, the current data transmission rate has reached 1 Gb/s. As the number of antenna array configurations increases, the transmission rate and user peak rate will be further improved.
  • the MIMO base station provided by the embodiment of the invention includes a baseband module, a radio frequency module and an antenna module, and each module is integrally interconnected through a high-speed backplane, which not only reduces the transmission cost of the baseband signal but also the transmission insertion loss of the radio frequency to the antenna.
  • a high-speed backplane which not only reduces the transmission cost of the baseband signal but also the transmission insertion loss of the radio frequency to the antenna.
  • large-scale MIMO technology by supporting large-scale antenna arrays (supporting 64 antennas and 64 antennas or more), the channel capacity limitation in the related 4G wireless network is overcome, and the network capacity and transmission rate are doubled.
  • integration is adopted.
  • Base station The design architecture overcomes the problem that the network size is too large in the next generation mobile communication network using the related distributed architecture and AAS architecture. It has the advantages of convenient construction, no need to separately install antennas, RRU and BBU, and transmission. It can also save space and reduce operator operating costs. It has strong scalability and can
  • the above technical solution reduces the transmission cost of the baseband signal and the transmission insertion loss of the radio frequency to the antenna, overcomes the channel capacity limitation in the related 4G wireless network, doubles the network capacity and the transmission rate, and overcomes the utilization of the related distributed architecture, AAS.
  • Architecture networking The next-generation mobile communication network, the problem of too large a network size, has the convenience of engineering construction, does not need to separately install antennas, RRU and BBU, and transmission characteristics, and can also save space and reduce operator operating costs. It is highly scalable and can flexibly configure the number of antenna array modules.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

一种MIMO基站，包括：基带模块、射频模块和天线模块，所述基带模块、射频模块和天线模块相互之间通过高速背板进行一体化互联。上述技术方案减少了基带信号的传输成本以及射频到天线的传输插损，克服相关4G无线网络中通道容量限制，克服利用相关分布式架构、AAS架构组网下一代移动通信网络中，组网规模过于庞大的问题，且可扩展性强，可灵活配置天线阵列模块数量。

Description

多输入多输出MIMO基站 技术领域
本文涉及通讯技术领域，尤其涉及一种多输入多输出MIMO基站。
背景技术
目前，随着无线通信领域的高速发展，移动互联网及物联网等信息通信技术(Information Communication Technology，ICT)将催生数据流量持续爆炸性增长，无线网络需要具备支持超大数据流量的能力。大规模多输入多输出(Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)技术凭借其可以提供更大的网络容量、更好的可靠性、更高的能耗效率的无线网络的优势，已成为当前研究热点。采用大规模MIMO技术，更多天线会给传播通道带来更高的自由度，在数据传送速率、链路可靠性等方面拥有更高的性能，已成为第五代移动通信(5G)的关键技术之一。
2010年国际电信联盟(ITU)确定LTE-Advanced为第四代移动通信技术(4G)国际标准。目前，4G网络已在全球范围开始规模商用，但是随着用户对无线数据需求的不断提高，网络的相关能力及容量将逐渐被超越，在已经开始启动的面向2020年及未来5G的研究工作中，目标是可以提供高流量、低时延、高智能、低能耗的新型网络，在传输速率方面相较4G提高10～100倍，用户体验速率达到0.1～1Gb/s，用户峰值速率可达10Gb/s。而大规模MIMO技术作为5G热门及重点技术之一，为以上关键技术指标的达成提供了可能。
在分布式基站系统中，处于不同地理位置的节点(基带模块、射频模块、天线模块)形成多输入多输出(MIMO)信道协作完成与多个移动通信终端的通信，这种网络架构适于4G网络中典型的天线个数配置(2天线、4天线、8天线)和小区设置，已在4G网络中获得了应用。有源天线系统(Active Antenna System，AAS)将分布式基站的射频部分集成到天线内部，虽在系统覆盖、容量、组网等方面有一定的提升。但是对于大规模天线阵列(64天线 及以上)的配置和组网，若采用分布式架构及AAS系统，整个组网规模则非常庞大，不具备实用意义。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种MIMO基站，以克服相关无线网络中通道容量限制、基带信号传输成本高、组网规模过于庞大的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明实施例提出一种MIMO基站，包括：基带模块、射频模块和天线模块，所述基带模块、射频模块和天线模块相互之间通过背板进行一体化互联。
可选地，所述射频模块为N个，所述天线模块包括与所述射频模块数量一致的N个天线阵子单元，每一所述天线阵子单元配置有M个天线阵子，所述基站配置的天线为N*M根，其中，M、N均为大于0的整数。
可选地，N*M>＝64。
可选地，所述基站包括：1个基带模块、4个射频模块和1个天线模块，所述天线模块包括4个天线阵子单元，每一所述天线阵子单元配置有16个天线阵子，所述基站配置的天线为4*16＝64根天线。
可选地，所述基站包括：1个基带模块、4个射频模块和1个天线模块，所述天线模块包括8个天线阵子单元，每一所述天线阵子单元配置有8个天线阵子，所述基站配置的天线为8*8＝64根。
可选地，所述当基带模块为多个时，所述天线模块对应为多个。
本发明实施例提出的一种MIMO基站，包括基带模块、射频模块和天线模块，每个模块之间通过高速背板进行一体化互联，不仅减少了基带信号的传输成本以及射频到天线的传输插损，而且采用大规模MIMO技术，通过支持大规模天线阵列(支持64天线及64天线以上)，克服相关4G无线网络中通道容量限制，使得网络容量及传输速率得到成倍的提升；此外，采用一体化基站的设计架构，克服利用相关的分布式架构、AAS架构组网下一代移动通信网络中，组网规模过于庞大的问题。具有工程施工方便、不需要分别安 装天线、RRU和BBU以及传输等特点，还可以节省天面空间、降低运营商运营成本，可扩展性强，可以灵活配置天线阵列模块数量。
附图概述
图1是本发明实施例MIMO基站的功能模块示意图；
图2是本发明实施例MIMO基站的架构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例支持64天线的MIMO基站配置方式示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
本发明实施例中，基站采用大规模MIMO一体化架构，基带模块、射频模块和天线模块之间通过高速背板进行互联，减少基带信号的传输成本以及射频到天线的传输插损，而且采用大规模MIMO技术，通过支持大规模天线阵列(支持64天线及64天线以上)，克服相关4G无线网络中通道容量限制，使得网络容量及传输速率得到成倍的提升，并克服利用相关分布式架构、AAS架构组网下一代移动通信网络中，组网规模过于庞大的问题。
如图1及图2所示，本发明实施例提出一种MIMO基站，包括：基带模块103、射频模块102和天线模块101，所述基带模块103、射频模块102和天线模块101相互之间通过高速背板进行一体化互联。其中，基带模块、射频模块和天线模块的功能同现有技术；基带模块，设置为实现基带信号的调制和解调功能；射频模块，设置为实现射频信号的收发功能；天线模块，设置为实现微波信号的收发功能。
本实施例采用一体化基站架构设计，提高了多天线校正的精度，进而可以克服相关技术的4G无线网络中通道容量限制，使得网络容量及传输速率得到成倍的提升；此外，采用一体化基站的设计架构，可以克服利用相关分布式架构、AAS架构组网下一代移动通信网络中，组网规模过于庞大的问题。
可选地，基站整机模块化结构如图1所示。
一体化的基站整机架构实现了基带模块化、射频模块化以及天线单元模块化，高速信号、射频信号、电源信号的传输通过高速背板实现。该方案的 整机架构如图2所示，该架构由1个基带模块103(根据天线数量的需求，基带模块103可进行扩充)，N个射频模块102，1个天线模块101组成，所述天线模块101内部包括与所述射频模块102数量一致的N个天线阵子单元，每个天线阵子单元可配置M个天线阵子。即基站系统可配置N*M根天线，其中，M、N均为大于0的整数。
本实施例一体化基站系统，天线模块101可灵活配置，支持64天线以上(N*M>＝64)的大规模天线需求。系统的总发射功率为每根天线的发射功率与天线数量之积，即总发射功率为：
Ptx＝Pt*Nt；
其中，Ptx是无线发射机的总发射功率，Pt是每根天线的功率，Nt是发射天线的数目。
与分布式基站架构以及AAS架构相比较，本发明实施例一体化基站在架构设计上具有如下优点：
在分布式基站架构中，射频拉远模块和基带处理单元之间需要通过光纤连接，射频拉远模块与天线之间需要通过馈线连接；在AAS架构中，由于射频单元已经集成到天线内部，基带处理单元与有源天线单元之间需要通过光纤连接，由此造成增加了基带信号的传输成本以及射频到天线的传输插损。
而本发明实施例在一体化基站设计中，基带模块103、射频模块102和天线模块101集成在一起，每个模块间通过高速背板进行互联，减少了基带信号的传输成本以及射频到天线的传输插损。
相比相关技术，采用本发明实施例所述的支持大规模天线阵列的一体化基站，具备以下优势：(1)工程施工方便，不需要分别安装天线，远端射频模块RRU和室内基带处理单元BBU以及传输等；(2)节省天面空间、降低运营商运营成本；(3)可扩展性强，可以灵活配置天线阵列模块数量等。
下面结合图3，以配置64天线为例，对本发明实施例技术方案的实施作进一步的详细描述：
一体化基站采用模块化的设计方式，由1个基带模块、4个射频模块和1个天线模块组成。具体实施和配置方式如图3所示。
其中，天线模块包括4个天线阵子单元，每一天线阵子单元配置有16通 道天线阵子，即16个天线阵子，由此使得基站可以配置4*16＝64根天线。
此外，本实施例天线阵子单元数量、每个天线阵子单元配置的天线阵子数目可进行灵活配置，例如：也可以配置成8个天线阵子单元，每个天线阵子单元配置8通道天线，所述基站配置的天线为8*8＝64根天线。
因此，根据天线的需求数量，可灵活添加对应数量的模块，从而满足64天线及以上大规模MIMO的需求。
作为进一步的扩展，本实施例基站中的基带模块数量可以根据需要设置为多个，对应的天线模块也可以为多个，即多套上述架构的基带模块、射频模块和天线模块构成的基站系统，以并机的方式集成为一体来实施，从而满足64天线及以上大规模MIMO的需求。
本基站系统可用于后4G以及5G的宏蜂窝组网配置，适用于大功率配置场景。以配置64天线为例，一种典型的应用中，每根天线的功率为0.625W，系统总发射功率为40W(0.625W*64)。
与传统分布式基站及AAS系统相比，本基站系统体积小、重量轻。如要配置64天线阵列模式，以8通道分布式基站及AAS系统为例，需要配置8个射频拉远单元及8组有源天线单元。对于实现128天线阵列、256天线阵列等支持大规模天线阵列的系统，采用2通道、4通道、8通道的传统基站架构，所需的射频拉远单元及有源天线单元将更多，在设备体积、建网成本、天面资源等方面的需求都是运营商所无法接受的。在性能方面，本基站系统通过采用大规模MIMO技术，使系统性能得到了显著提升，以64天线阵列的基站系统为例，目前数据传输速率已达到1Gb/s。随着天线阵列配置数量的增加，传输速率及用户峰值速率将得到进一步提升。
本发明实施例提出的MIMO基站，包括基带模块、射频模块和天线模块，每个模块之间通过高速背板进行一体化互联，不仅减少了基带信号的传输成本以及射频到天线的传输插损，而且采用大规模MIMO技术，通过支持大规模天线阵列(支持64天线及64天线以上)，克服相关4G无线网络中通道容量限制，使得网络容量及传输速率得到成倍的提升；此外，采用一体化基站 的设计架构，克服利用相关的分布式架构、AAS架构组网下一代移动通信网络中，组网规模过于庞大的问题。具有工程施工方便、不需要分别安装天线、RRU和BBU以及传输等特点，还可以节省天面空间、降低运营商运营成本，可扩展性强，可以灵活配置天线阵列模块数量。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
工业实用性
上述技术方案减少了基带信号的传输成本以及射频到天线的传输插损，克服了相关4G无线网络中通道容量限制，成倍提升了网络容量及传输速率、克服了利用相关的分布式架构、AAS架构组网下一代移动通信网络中，组网规模过于庞大的问题，具有工程施工方便、不需要分别安装天线、RRU和BBU以及传输等特点，还可以节省天面空间、降低运营商运营成本，可扩展性强，可以灵活配置天线阵列模块数量。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种多输入多输出MIMO基站，包括基带模块、射频模块和天线模块，其特征在于，所述基带模块、射频模块和天线模块相互之间通过背板进行一体化互联。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基站，其中，所述射频模块为N个，所述天线模块包括与所述射频模块数量一致的N个天线阵子单元，每一所述天线阵子单元配置有M个天线阵子，所述基站配置的天线为N*M根，其中，M、N均为大于0的整数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基站，其中，N*M>＝64。
  4. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的基站，其中，所述基站包括：1个基带模块、4个射频模块和1个天线模块，所述天线模块包括4个天线阵子单元，每一所述天线阵子单元配置有16个天线阵子，所述基站配置的天线为4*16＝64根天线。
  5. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的基站，其中，所述基站包括：1个基带模块、4个射频模块和1个天线模块，所述天线模块包括8个天线阵子单元，每一所述天线阵子单元配置有8个天线阵子，所述基站配置的天线为8*8＝64根。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的基站，其中，所述当基带模块为多个时，所述天线模块对应为多个。
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