WO2016090445A1

WO2016090445A1 - Simultaneous pulper and dryer for solids

Info

Publication number: WO2016090445A1
Application number: PCT/BR2015/050239
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nelso PEREIRA
Original assignee: Ecobrás Gestão De Royalties Ltda
Priority date: 2014-12-10
Filing date: 2015-12-09
Publication date: 2016-06-16
Also published as: BR102014030988A2; BR102014030988B1

Abstract

The invention patent relates to a simultaneous pulper and dryer for solids, which can be used for solid and paste products in general, and in particular biomasses with high moisture content, for simultaneously pulping and drying solid wastes, residues or by-products for recycling same as fuel or as an additive for fertilizers or animal feed, said simultaneous pulper and dryer having an assembly for generating heat (GT), an assembly for heating air (CA), an assembly for pulping solids (DS), an assembly for transporting dried pulped products with air and vapour (DP), an assembly for separating dried pulped solid products out from the air and vapour (SPA), an assembly for transporting solids (TS) and an assembly for treating gaseous effluents (TE), with the advantages of a lower maintenance cost, a lower operating cost, better efficiency, a low acquisition cost, lower energy consumption, and the fact that it can be transported and installed in forest production regions.

Description

"SIMILAR SOLID DEGREASER AND DRYER"

[01] The present invention relates to the simultaneous solid desegregator and dryer applied to solid and pasty products in general and high moisture biomass in particular for the purpose of simultaneously disintegrating and drying solid residues or residues or by-products for reuse as a fuel or as a fertilizer or animal feed additive, through optimized mechanical constructiveness that yields improvements in the disintegration, defibration, fractionation, crushing and drying of solids and with advantages of lower maintenance costs, lower operating costs, better efficiency, low acquisition cost, lower energy consumption, transportable and installable in logging regions and user suitability to comply with Law No. 12,305 of August 2010, regarding environmental impacts.

[02] As is well known by the technical means linked to the fractionation and drying machinery and equipment industry, currently the disposal of urban solid waste occurs through the landfill without reuse and the drying process of the material is carried out outdoors.

[03] In the case of forest waste the current breakdowns are as follows:

[04] A- Knife crusher which is a system that simply reduces the length;

[05] B- Hammer crusher which is a system which by hammer blows kneads the product and reduces its particle size; [06] C- Chipper crusher is a chip generating system; and

[07] D- Fractional of horizontally positioned currents with the fractional solid fed from above and the currents at high speed randomly striking the material fractionating into pieces reducing their size.

[08] The drying of disaggregated solid forest residues or pasty residues or residues containing animal feces is currently performed on complementary equipment such as:

[09] 1. Rotary Drum Dryers which dry the material with continuous or continuous competing air or hot gas;

[10] 2. Worm mat or screw dryers which dry the material with continuous or continuous hot air or competing microwave; and

[11] 3. Fluid bed dryers that dry the material with concurrent batch or continuous hot air or gas.

[12] Brazilian patent BR 102012018297- system for recycling organic waste. Invention Patent for a system for recycling organic waste being comprised of a supply funnel installed at the base of the cannon, thus causing the material to be directed to the thread, which will transport the material through the cannon where the drying process will take place, where all excess liquid will be captured through drains being filtered, thus avoiding any pollution resulting from the process; With the material already dry, the grinding process will be achieved to a product ready for consumption, thus being able to achieve a more noble and suitable destination for such organic waste that are approximately 60% of all waste generated by households, meal companies, open markets, supply centers and markets in general, the organic waste recycling system can be used in cooperatives of recyclers, waste collectors, municipalities and any sector involved in the waste issue, taking into account As organic waste becomes a hindrance due to its improper disposal together with other materials such as paper, glass and plastics in general, making it much more difficult to recycle, thus generating huge volumes of waste material, ie , there are expenses with the collection, transportation and handling of this material, so that after all the costs already mentioned, 60% are disposed of in landfills, thus, the system for recycling organic waste 1 comes to supply the lack of machines. for this purpose, making it possible to recycle all types of organic waste.

[13] US Patent No. 8,714,467, which discloses a crusher / dryer having a plurality of beater blades held on a rotational axis in a cylindrical housing, including one or a plurality of grinding members in the cylindrical sidewall. The grinding members are adjustablely positioned at different locations within the cylinder. Grinding members may be provided in a variety of different combinations of raised projections and / or valleys used to dry and sort materials.

[14] US Patent No. 8,266,822, which discloses an improvement for drying sugarcane bagasse or other briquetting bagasse or other processes includes a drying unit with a wet bagasse dosage, hopper, which has a screw conveyor that feeds conveyor. tilt screw and a rotary metering valve the latter discharges into a hot air funnel into the drying tank the bagasse to be lifted and exposed to hot air in the front chamber and final blading drying chamber, through the action of the gearmotor, the nearly dry suspended bagasse being sucked out by a pair of centrifugal fans dropping them into the separator filter and falling into the hopper, being cooled on open-rail screw conveyors, screw conveyor including dust separation screen to be conveyed by the discharge inclined screw conveyor screw conveyor for feed hoppers for the burners.

[15] Japanese patent JP2000000555 Apparatus for Drying Solid Waste such as Food Waste. Problem to be solved: to dry food residues such as rice remnants to a degree that does not generate waste so as to adjust it to a feedstock. Solution: Solid waste such as food waste is loaded into the loading chamber within a main box body to be crushed by a shredder to be easily pre-dried and the soil residue to be treated is introduced into a chamber. The on-off drying of the shutter and the object to be treated and dried is stirred by a stirrer, while the drying air generated by a drying air generator is circulated and after the moisture of the treated article. is reduced to a predetermined ratio or less, this article is stored in the treated article storage chamber for batch treatment; By this constitution, junk food can be quickly ground and dried without causing deterioration during preservation to form a treated material suitable for a feed stock material.

[16] Canadian Patent CA 2810104, which discloses a Conditioned Biomass System and Method, the system comprises a loop and airflow chamber, the lower chamber comprises an adapter. To receive biomass and elements that make up the grinding, cutting and air inlet elements, an air flow from the air inlet and rotation of the elements creating a set composed of inner chamber usually inside and centered outer chamber, the outer chamber that comprises a first outlet and the inner chamber comprising a second outlet and a flange which selectively connects the lower portion with the inner chamber and the lower portion with the outer chamber and the air flow circuit comprising an air source of lower inlet, a first outlet outlet connected to the first and to evacuate biomass and air particles from the inner chamber, and a second outlet outlet connected to the second and to evacuate vapor from the air and outer chamber. Anything that deviates from the flange, the lift vortex and under the action of a vacuum created between the air inlet and the second outlet, a stream of water particles to the first outlet of the outer chamber and a stream of biomass particles in The direction towards the inner chamber will be the particulate biomass that has driven from the inner chamber of the second socket.

[17] Canadian patent CA 2810104, known as a method and system for the conditioning of raw biomass which has disclosed a conditioned biomass system and method, the system comprising a chamber and an air flow circuit, the chamber comprising an adapted lower portion. for receiving biomass and comprising grinding elements, cutting elements and an air inlet, with an air flow from the air inlet and rotation of the elements creating an edifier; and an upper part comprising an inner chamber, generally centered within an outer chamber, the outer chamber comprising a first outlet and the inner chamber comprising a second outlet; and a flange selectively connecting the lower part with the inner chamber and the lower part with the outer chamber; it's the air flow circuit comprising a bottom inlet air source, a first outlet connected to the first outlet and evacuation of air and biomass particles from the inner chamber, and a second outlet connected to the second outlet and mist and evacuating air from the outer chamber; where the deviations from the flange, the elevator vortex and under the action of a vacuum created between the air inlet and the second outlet, a stream of water particles to the first outlet of the outer chamber and a stream of biomass particles to the inner chamber; and light biomass particles being propelled into the inner chamber of the second socket.

[18] The disadvantages, drawbacks and limitations of current solutions are:

[19] 1) They need two separate equipment to disaggregate and dry the product;

[20] 2) high power consumption; and

[21] 3) High maintenance cost, high operation cost, low efficiency and high acquisition cost.

[22] Searching the Brazilian and international patent banks, we found the following revelations:

[23] "DISAGREGER AND DRYER

SOLID SIMULTANEOUS "object of the present patent has been developed to overcome the limitations, drawbacks and disadvantages of current desegregators and dryers, because through innovative and optimized mechanical constructiveness it is possible to simultaneously disintegrate and dry solids such as waste or solid by-products for reuse as fuel, or as feed additive and fertilizer, or sewage or animal feces for use as fertilizers, bringing advantages of better fiber breakage, smaller pieces of the product obtained, possibility of biomass reprocessing after disaggregation, lower acquisition cost, lower maintenance, operation, installation in forestry regions and customer compliance in compliance with Law No. 12,305 of August 2010, regarding environmental impacts.

[24] Technical problems that the foregoing does not solve and how it was solved by the simultaneous desegregator and dryer of the present patent:

[25] 1. When disposing of municipal and other solid waste:

[26] 1.1) Inadequate waste disposal solved by this patent by the process of separating water from other elements;

[27] 1.2) Partial elimination of water and high humidity, solved by the present patent through the interaction of fractionation with drying at the same time;

[28] 1.3) High energy consumption, solved by the present patent through the interaction of current fractionation and drying with hot air at the same time;

[29] 1.4) Need for large disposal spaces, solved by the present patent by eliminating water in the waste, leaving only a low volume solid; and

[30] 1.5) Large equipment installation space, solved by the present patent through a process that defibrates and dries at the same time, requiring smaller equipment installation spaces;

[31] 2. In general application for fractionation and drying: [32] 2.1) Separate use of fractionation equipment and drying equipment with constructive, maintenance and operating complexity, solved by the present patent through the interaction of chain fractionation and hot air drying in a single operation. ;

[33] 2.2) Unable to process high water suspended solids such as 98% moisture eg slurry and suspended solids contaminated water, solved by the present patent through the interaction of stream fractionation and hot air drying. same time in a single operation;

[34] 2.3) Non-fractionation of solids above a certain length in the case of hammer mill, knife crusher and horizontally positioned chain fractionator solved by the present invention by front feeding the material against the vertical rotation of free currents. ;

[35] 2.4) No combination of heating in the fractionation chamber to take advantage of the exposure of water contained in the fibers during fractionation and thereby evaporate the water and not overload the drying equipment solved by the present invention through indirect chamber heater. fractionation;

[36] 2.5 Non-association of hot air flow in the fractionation chamber to take advantage of the exposure of water contained in the fibers during fractionation and thereby to evaporate the water and extract it by the ability of hot water to absorb water and not to overload the drying equipment, solved by the present patent through indirect fractionation chamber heater, and

[37] 2.6) Complementary energy consumption in drying fractional material solved by the present invention through of the interaction of chain fractionation and hot air drying at the same time in a single operation.

[38] In summary the novelties brought by the present invention are simultaneous disintegration and drying of products with apparent density up to 2.5 by indirect chamber heating, maintenance of the suspended product, hot air flow, gas expansion and exposure of the free water contained in the product, preferably disaggregated by the action of vertical metal link streams against the material, associated with the use of baffles in the chamber to optimize the impact of the streams against the solids to be fractionated. The preferred form of disintegration is by the vertical current solids fractionator type object of patent application BR 10 2014 030462 2 called solids fractionator deposited by the same inventor of the present patent.

[39] For a better understanding of the present invention the following drawings are attached:

[40] FIGURE 1, showing the top perspective view of the breaker and dryer of the present invention;

[41] FIGURE 2 showing the top perspective view of the thermal breaker and dryer assembly of the present invention;

[42] FIGURE 3 showing the front perspective view of the primary and secondary air heating assembly of the desegregator and dryer of the present invention;

[43] FIGURE 4, showing the front perspective view of the preferred shape of the breaker solid breaker of the present invention; [44] FIGURE 5, showing the front perspective view of the air and steam-dried disaggregate outlet duct assembly of the present desegregator and dryer;

[45] FIGURE 6, showing the front perspective view of the air and vapor breakdown solids separator assembly of the present breaker and dryer;

[46] FIGURE 7, showing the front perspective view of the gaseous effluent treatment assembly of the present patent; and

[47] FIGURE 8, showing the top perspective view of the disintegrator dry solids conveyor assembly of the present patent.

[48] According to said figures, the simultaneous solids desegregator and dryer of the present invention is comprised of steam boiler type thermal generator (GT) or thermal fluid heater with fuel burner or electrical resistance connected by metal tubing in the primary air heater (CA-3) and secondary air heater (CA-7) of the air heating assembly (AC) and breaker coils (DS); air heater (AC) equipped with centrifugal or similar primary fan (CA-1), primary cold air duct (CA-2), radiator or similar primary air heater (CA-3) and air duct primary hot air (CA-4), secondary blower (CA-5) centrifugal or similar type, secondary cold air duct (CA-6), secondary air heater (CA-7) radiator or similar type and hot air duct (CA-8), connected through the primary hot air duct (CA-4) and secondary hot air duct (CA-8) to the primary air inlets (DS-2) and the secondary air inlet (DS- 3) the breaker (DS); solid breaker (DS) vertical current fractionator type subject to the patent application BR 10 2014 030462 2 called the solid fractionator deposited by the same inventor of the present patent with primary air inlet (DS-2) and secondary air inlet (DS-3) and connected through the air and steam dry breakdown product (DS-4) outlets to the air and steam dry breakdown (DP) duct assembly or alternatively knife crusher type or hammer crusher type or mincers and or type of horizontally positioned chain fractionator; air and vapor (DP) disaggregated product duct assembly having two metal ducts connected to the inlet of air and steam dried (EC-1) disaggregated solids; Air and Steam Dry Disaggregated Solids Separation Set (SPA) with inlet of prismatic rectangular dry air and vapor disaggregated solids inlet with circular and perpendicular tip of the cyclone (SPA) -2) cylindrically shaped, hollow bottom, with product outlet valves (SPA-3) rotary type or the like, rectangular prismatic shape cyclone (SPA-4) steam vents to the body, connected to the underside of the solids conveyor assembly (TS) and the gaseous effluent treatment assembly (TE) via steam air inlet ducts (TE-1); screw conveyor type solids (TS) assembly or similar connected to product outlet valves (SPA-3) through product inlets (TS-1); and a gas effluent treatment (TE) assembly having a rectangular prismatic-shaped steam inlet duct (TE-1), a rectangular prismatic-shaped steam inlet (TE-2) leaked and perpendicular to the body, retention or chemical scrubbers (TE-3) and chimney (TE-4). [49] The installation of the breaker of this patent is as follows:

[50] 1) Fix the thermal generator set

(GT), disaggregator (DS), solids reservoir assembly (RS) and gaseous effluent treatment (ET) assembly at the installation site;

[51] 2) the air heater (AC) is attached to the breaker (DS);

[52] 3) the heat generator set (GT) is connected through the metal ducts to the primary air heater (CA-3) and the secondary air heater (CA-7) of the air heater (AC) and in the breaker coils (DS);

[53] 4) Connect the primary hot air duct

(CA-4) at the primary air inlet (DS-2) and the secondary hot air inlet duct (CA-8) at the secondary air inlet (DS-3);

[54] 5) The air and steam (DP) disaggregated product duct assembly is attached and secured to the disaggregator (DS) air and steam dry (DS-4) product outlets and air-steam-dried disaggregated solid products (SPA-1) from the air-steam-dried disaggregated solid products (SPA) separation kit;

[55] 6) The Dry Air and Steam Separated Solids Separation Set (SPA) is connected to the Gaseous Effluent Treatment Set (TE) via the Steam Inlet Ducts (TE-1), Inlets steam air (TE-2) from the waste gas treatment set (TE); and

[56] 7) Connect the solid conveyor assembly (TS) product inlets (TS-1) to the air and steam dry-disaggregate solids (SPA-3) product outlet valves (SPA-3) ( SPA). [57] The process performed by the desegregator and dryer of the present patent follows as follows:

[58] (a) The thermal generator set (GT) for heating and circulating fluid is connected to the primary air heater (CA-3) and secondary air heater (CA-7) and to the breaker coil (DS). ) and turn on the primary fan (CA-1) and the secondary fan (CA-5) to supply hot air to the breaker (DS);

[59] (b) The material to be processed is loaded into the solids feed assembly (DS-1) and the breaker motor (DS) is driven by feeding the material to be processed into the breaker (DS);

[60] c) The material is disaggregated and dried at the same time through the hot air circulating in the disintegrator (DS) and through the impact of the high speed rotating link chains, this movement causes the material to bump against the material. equipment winding with tangential baffles that cause materials to change direction impacting the currents again until they are of the proper size and due to the high tangential velocity and internal baffles, occurring high frequency of vibration combined with high temperature and due to gas expansion generated by friction, heating and vaporization of liquids and processed products and vaporous air exit through two openings in the upper part of the equipment;

[61] (d) the effluent treated in the wastewater treatment plant (TE) is released through the chimney (TE-4); and

[62] (e) Processed material is directed to the Air and Steam Dry Disaggregated Solids Separation Set (SPA) by directing the air and steam to the Wastewater Treatment Set (TE) and directed to the dry product to the bottom cyclones (SPA-2) and from this to the solids carrier assembly (TS) to be routed for application.

Claims

1. "DISAGREGER AND DRYER

SOLID ", equipped with a steam boiler or thermal fluid heater with fuel burner or electric heater complemented by machines and equipment characterized by an air heater (AC) equipped with a primary fan ( CA-1) centrifugal or similar type, primary cold air duct (CA-2), radiator or similar primary air heater (CA-3) connected to the thermal generator (GT) and primary hot air duct (CA-4 ), secondary fan (CA-5) centrifugal or similar type, secondary cold air duct (CA-6), secondary air heater (CA-7) radiator or similar type connected to thermal generator (GT) and air duct secondary hot air (CA-8), connected via the primary hot air duct (CA-4) and secondary hot air duct (CA-8) to the primary air inlets (DS-2) and the secondary air inlet (DS -3) of the breaker (DS), solid breaker (DS) type solids fractionator by color vertical ports with primary air inlet (DS-2) and secondary air inlet (DS-3) and connected through the air and steam dry breakdown outlet (DS-4) in the dry breakdown duct assembly with air and steam (DP) and connected to the thermal generator (GT); air and vapor (DP) disaggregated product duct assembly having two metal ducts connected to the inlet of air and steam dried (EC-1) disaggregated solids; Air and Steam Dry Disaggregated Solids Separation Set (SPA) with inlet of prismatic rectangular dry air and vapor disaggregated solids inlet with circular and perpendicular tip of the cyclone (SPA) -2) of hollow cylindrical shape, tapered bottom, of product outlet valves (SPA-3) rotary type or similar, of cyclone vapor air vents (SPA-4) rectangular prismatic in shape perpendicular to the body, connected at the bottom in the solids conveyor assembly (TS) and the gaseous effluent treatment assembly (TE) through steam inlet ducts (TE-1); screw conveyor type solids (TS) assembly or similar connected to product outlet valves (SPA-3) through product inlets (TS-1); and a gas effluent treatment (TE) assembly having a rectangular prismatic-shaped steam inlet duct (TE-1), a rectangular prismatic-shaped steam inlet (TE-2) leaked and perpendicular to the body, retention or chemical scrubbers (TE-3) and chimney (TE-4).

Simultaneous solids desiccant and dryer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the knife crusher type (DS) solid desegregator assembly.

"Simultaneous solids desiccator and dryer" according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hammer-type crusher type solid desegregator (DS) assembly.

"Simultaneous solids desiccator and dryer" according to Claim 1, characterized in that the chopper crusher type DS (solid desegregator)

5. "SIMILAR SOLID DEGREASER AND DRYER" according to Claim 1, characterized in that the horizontally divided current fractionator type (DS) solids assembly.

6. "SIMULTANEOUS SOLID DEGREASER AND DRYER" according to claims 1 to 5, characterized by simultaneous disintegration and drying of products with apparent density up to 2.5 by indirect chamber heating, maintenance of the suspended product, hot air flow, gas expansion and exposure of free water contained in the product, preferably disaggregated by the action of chains of vertical metal links against the material, associated with the use of baffles in the chamber to optimize the impact of the currents against the solids to be fractionated.

7. "DISAGREGER AND DRYER

SOLID SIMULTANEOUS "according to claim 1, characterized in that the process performed by the desegregator and dryer of the present invention is as follows:

a) The thermal generator set (GT) for heating and circulating fluid is connected to the primary air heater (CA-3) and secondary air heater (CA-7) and to the breaker coil (DS) and switches on. - whether the primary fan (CA-1) and the secondary fan (CA-5) supply hot air to the breaker (DS);

(b) The material to be processed is loaded into the solids feed assembly (DS-1) and the breaker motor (DS) is started by feeding the material to be processed into the breaker (DS);

c) the material is disintegrated and dried at the same time through the hot air circulating in the disintegrator (DS) and through the impact of the high speed rotating link chains, this movement causes the material to hit the equipment snail provided with tangential deflectors that cause materials to change direction impacting with the currents again until they are of the proper size and due to the high tangential velocity and internal deflectors, occurring high frequency of vibration combined with high temperature and due to expansion gases generated causing friction, heating and vaporization of liquids and processed products and vaporous air escape through two openings in the upper part of the equipment;

(d) the treated effluent is released into the wastewater treatment plant (TE) through the chimney (TE-4); and

e) Processed material is directed to the air and vapor (SPA) dry disaggregated solid product separation assembly, directing the air and steam to the gaseous effluent treatment (TE) assembly and directing the dry product to the inner underside of the cyclones (SPA-2) and from this to the solids carrier assembly (TS) to be routed for application.