WO2016087886A2

WO2016087886A2 - Element collection for composite building structures

Info

Publication number: WO2016087886A2
Application number: PCT/HU2015/000077
Authority: WO
Inventors: Imre Szombathelyi
Original assignee: Imre Szombathelyi
Priority date: 2014-12-03
Filing date: 2015-12-02
Publication date: 2016-06-09
Also published as: WO2016087886A4; HU4531U; WO2016087886A3

Abstract

Element collection for composite building structures, which comprises a collection of post-hardening, prefabricated structural elements preferably formed as shaped bodies and of preferably silicate-based, and contain reinforcing inserts, preferably steelwork, increasing their load-bearing ability, in that the prefabricated element set of the element collection contains at least a wall element (1) set, a wall corner element (2) set, a wall column element (3) set, a ring beam element (4) set, a lintel element (5) set, a floor element (6) set, a wall end element (7) set, a wall connection element (8) set, and a wall end column element (9) set. All the types of the element sets form combined series of elements, every element type within the series is built to the same module size. The individual elements of the element sets include at least one shell member (k) and at least one spacer member (t), between the spacer members (t) there are gaps forming moulds for the load- bearing monolithic frame. Among the element sets the individual elements of the wall element (1) set, the wall corner element (2) set, the wall column element (3) set and the floor element (6) set are made up of at least a single spacer member (t) or of a series of spacer members (t) positioned at least in one layer and at least in one course at a distance from each other and of shell members (k) positioned up to at least one side of these, metalwork belonging to the prefabricated element sets that may be inserted into the moulds as reinforcing inserts is formed by reinforcing rods (p), planar grid supports made from reinforcing steel (r) and/or a combination of these.

Description

Element collection for composite building structures

The object of the invention relates to an element collection for composite building structures comprising a collection of post-hardening, prefabricated structural elements preferably formed as shaped bodies and of preferably silicate-based, also post-hardening monolithic structural parts, e.g. reinforced concrete structural parts, cooperating with them. The monolithic structural parts are poured into the moulds at the construction site, and contain reinforcing inserts, preferably steelwork, increasing their load- bearing ability, primarily their tensile and transverse strength. The prefabricated structural elements are units produced at one or more prefabrication locations, which delimit the moulds assembled for the monolithic structural parts as stay-in-place formwork, and the reinforcing inserts are positioned in at least a part of the moulds of the monolithic structural parts.

Composite building structures are those buildings in which the various building parts performing varying functions are from different construction materials. Thousands of years ago there existed structures in which the multi-storey buildings constructed with stone delimiting walls, e.g. residential towers, had timber beam intermediate floors.

Reinforced concrete construction technology discovered in the 1880s has witnessed more than one hundred years of triumphal progress, which in recent decades has resulted in the unrecoverable "loss" of the formwork materials, and, as a result, in the development of new composite building structures. The initial steps of this included the appearance of suitable unique formwork types that were considered as construction material themselves.

Within the scope of the concept of stay-in-place formwork, numerous prefabricated shaped moulds with various purposes and structural solutions, as well as combinations of them, are known of. Typical examples of these may be found in patent specification no JP 1 131 746, which relates to a set of mould bodies and blocks, patent specification no JP 1 165 846, which relates to the positioning of reinforcing inserts, patent specification no FR 2 788 292, which relates to the production of hollow mould bodies, patent document no JP 2000356001, which relates to the production of concrete planks, and patent document no JP 8 068 135, which relates to the building together of neighbouring bodies.

Publication document no DE 198 41 137 presents stay-in-place formwork combined with fibre-reinforced cement slabs and plastic sheets. Using this, wall structures may be produced of almost any thickness that meet almost any requirement. It has advantages but actually it is only suitable for creating cellar walls and strip foundations. Apart from this it is disputable whether it is economic. It has not really become widely used.

The assembly auxiliary device to be found in utility model specification registration number DE 297 18 999 may be more widely applied, for example for walls, floors, space-covering structures, the gypsum and cement bonded delimiting sheets of which, separated from each other by spacers, may be easily and simply assembled next to one another with tongue and slot connections. However, this construction technology - mainly at wall corners - cannot do without mechanical connections using nails or screws, and due to this, this idea did not become widespread either.

The aim of the utility model is to retain the advantages of the stay-in-place formwork known of to date and to develop a prefabricated element collection which does not only make it possible to construct one or another structural part of a building structure - e.g. its floors - but, instead, numerous different but harmonised element sets can be used to construct entire single or multistorey buildings. It is also an aim to be able to construct buildings quickly, practically without any special mechanisation or without requiring any individual planning work (using a number of simple standard plans) anywhere in the world, in any, even technically undeveloped regions and using the natural construction material - e.g. adobe - to be found there.

The basis of the idea behind the invention was the recognition that if, on the one part, the shapes of the elements used as stay-in-place formwork are very simple, and so not even unskilled workers find it difficult to produce them in advance or on-site, and, on the other hand, these, as a matter of course, determine the shape and dimensions of the monolithic part, and even the optimal inter-working of the prefabricated and monolithic structural parts, then the task may be solved.

It was also recognised that adobe may be exceptionally favourably used for all the element sets of the prefabricated element collection, as it may be found almost everywhere in the world in large quantities, and it may be combined well with cement. Adobe, though, is not intended to be used in a supporting structure role, as it is not its strength that is favourable, but its building physics properties, and this is why it is only used as stay-in-place formwork.

It is also a part of the recognition that the post-hardening, fresh concrete of the monolithic parts must have a plastic, fluid consistency, which guarantees in itself that the fresh concrete completely fills the mould space remaining for it without any activity promoting consolidation (vibration). Therefore, all of the element sets must be free of gaps, recesses and all narrow crevices where the fresh concrete is unable to penetrate.

Another aspect of the recognition is that the prefabricated elements must contain enough moisture to promote the post-hardening of the monolithic parts. The preferably used adobe is able to ensure this moisture itself without any other step being taken. Adobe, however, is not the only possible construction material for the prefabricated parts - although it is undoubtedly the most preferable - as numerous other materials may be used in its place, e.g. silicate foam, granular foamed gypsum, Styrofoam concrete, etc.

Element collection for composite building structures according to the set aim, - which comprises a collection of post-hardening, prefabricated structural elements preferably formed as shaped bodies and of preferably silicate-based, also post-hardening monolithic structural parts, e.g. reinforced concrete structural parts, cooperating with them, the monolithic structural parts are poured into the moulds at the construction site, and contain reinforcing inserts, preferably steelwork, increasing their load- bearing ability, primarily their tensile and transverse strength, the prefabricated structural elements are units produced at one or more prefabrication locations, which delimit the moulds assembled for the monolithic structural parts as stay-in-place formwork, and the reinforcing inserts are positioned in at least a part of the moulds of the monolithic structural parts - set up in such a way that the prefabricated element set of the element collection contains at least a wall element set, a wall corner element set, a wall column element set, a ring beam element set, a lintel element set, a floor element set, a wall end element set, a wall connection element set, and a wall end column element set, all the types of the element sets form combined series of elements, every element type within the series is built to the same module size, the individual elements of the element sets include at least one shell member (k) and at least one spacer member (t), between the spacer members (t) there are gaps forming moulds for the load- bearing monolithic frame, among the element sets the individual elements of the wall element set, the wall corner element set, the wall column element set and the floor element set are made up of at least a single spacer member (t) or of a series of spacer members (t) positioned at least in one layer and at least in one course at a distance from each other and of shell members (k) positioned up to at least one side of these, metalwork belonging to the prefabricated element sets that may be inserted into the moulds as reinforcing inserts is formed by reinforcing rods (p), planar grid supports made from reinforcing steel (r) and/ or a combination of these, within the series of the prefabricated element sets the side edge lengths of the spacer members (t), the thickness of the spacer members (t), the side edge lengths of the shell members, their thickness and their overhang in every direction on the spacer members (t), furthermore, the longitudinal dimensions of the rods (p) and the grid supports (r) of the metalwork, the chord distances (h) of the grid supports (r) and the distances (c) of the node points from each other along the chords are preferably whole multiples of the module size selected for the given element series.

A further feature of the element collection may be that within the prefabricated element sets the wall element set consists of two wall element sets with different roles, a space delimiting external wall element set bordering the environment of the building and an internal wall element set dividing the spaces within the building.

Certain wall elements of the space delimiting external wall element set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer members and shell members positioned fitted up to the base sides and top sides opposing each other of the spacer members, overhanging them in four directions, and the shell members have the same thickness or different thicknesses in line with the heat insulation requirements.

Certain wall elements of the internal wall element set dividing the spaces within the building contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer members and shell members positioned fitted up to the base sides and top sides opposing each other of the spacer members, overhanging them in four directions, and the shell members are generally of the same thickness.

There are mould spaces left free between the courses of the spacer members and the columns suitable for the positioning of the reinforcing inserts for the monolithic parts of the wall. Within the prefabricated element set, the wall corner element set consists of two wall corner element sets with differing roles: a space delimiting external wall corner element set, and a wall corner element set dividing the spaces within the building.

Certain wall corner elements of the space delimiting external wall corner element set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer elements, as well as an external shell member and internal shell member encompassing them along the bases sides and top sides opposing each other of the shell members, the shell members have the same thickness or differing thicknesses depending on the heat insulation requirements, they overhang the spacer members in all directions, and in line with the floor plan of the building the external shell members and the internal shell members are at the same angle to each other as the angle in the floor plan between the wall planes meeting at the wall corner elements, for example, they are perpendicular to each other.

The planes of the external shell members of the external wall corner elements facing towards the spacer elements meet along a concave edge, the planes of their internal shell members facing towards the spacer members meet along a convex edge, the bisector plane (A) of the angle between the external shell member planes and the bisector plane (B) of the angle between the internal shell members coincide.

Certain wall corner elements of the internal wall corner element set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer elements, as well as shell members encompassing them along the bases sides and top sides opposing each other of the shell members, the shell members on both sides of the spacer members generally have the same thickness, they overhang the spacer members in all directions, and are at an to each other in line with the position in the floor plan, for example, they are perpendicular to each other. The corner recesses, facing the spacer members, of the external shell members and internal shell members of the external wall corner elements and internal wall corner elements are hollows free of spacers, which form mould spaces for the monolithic wall corner columns.

Within the prefabricated element set the wall column element set consists of three wall column element sets with different roles: external space delimiting wall column element set, internal space dividing wall column element set and wall column corner element set.

Certain wall column elements of the external space delimiting wall column element set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer elements, as well as external shell members and internal shell members encompassing them along the bases sides and top sides opposing each other of the shell members, the shell members have the same thickness or differing thicknesses depending on the heat insulation requirements, the number of spacer members is at least two, and they are at a distance from each other to form a mould space for the external monolithic wall column, in the other directions the shell members overhang the sides of the spacer members, and reinforcing inserts are located in the mould space of the monolithic wall column.

Certain wall column elements of the internal space dividing internal wall column element set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer elements, as well as shell members encompassing them on two sides along the bases sides and top sides opposing each other of the spacer elements, the number of spacer members is at least two, and they are at a distance from each other forming a mould space for the monolithic wall column, in the other directions the shell members overlap the sides of the spacer members, and reinforcing inserts are located in the mould space of the monolithic wall column. Certain wall column corner elements of the wall column corner element set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer members and shell members encompassing them on two sides along their bases sides and top sides opposing each other, one of the shell members is an external shell member creating a convex corner, the other is an internal shell member creating a concave corner, there is at least one spacer member along one wall plane meeting at the wall corner, while there is also at least one spacer member along the other wall plane, and between the neighbouring spacer members at the wall corner there is a mould space suitable for the positioning of reinforcing inserts left free for the monolithic wall column.

Within the prefabricated element set, the ring beam element set consists of two ring beam sets with differing roles: an external ring beam element set forming a part of the space delimiting external wall, and an internal ring beam element set forming a part of the internal space dividing wall.

Certain ring beam elements of the external ring beam element set are rectangular-based prisms, the thickness of which complies with the thickness of the space delimiting external walls.

Certain ring beam elements of the internal ring beam element set are rectangular-based prisms, the thickness of which complies with the thickness of the internal space dividing walls.

Within the prefabricated element set, the lintel element set consists of two lintel element sets with different roles: an external lintel element set forming a part of the space delimiting external wall and an internal lintel element set forming a part of the internal space dividing walls.

The prefabricated lintel element sets are beams with a U-shaped cross- section open upwards, which have one elongated rectangular base side and side walls connected to it along its longitudinal edges, the lintel element is built into a space delimiting external wall or into an internal space dividing wall, and forms a lintel beam over the opening underneath it, and a mould space is left between the side walls of the U-cross-section beams where reinforcing inserts may be placed and for the monolithic part of the lintel element.

An internal distance complying with the thickness of the spacers suiting the thickness of the wall is left free between the sidewalls of the U-cross-section beams.

Within the prefabricated element set, the floor element set consists of a layer of parallelogram-based, rectangular shell members and, fitting to its upper surface, a single layer of also parallelogram-based and rectangular floor elements containing spacer members positioned in one or more lines.

The floor is put together from a plurality of floor elements complying with the shape and size of the floor to be made from them, and there are mould spaces left free in the rib network forming the monolithic grid of the floor to be made between the inter-crossing lines and columns of the spacer members on the upper surface of the shell members.

By arranging the floor elements next to one another a floor may be put together with any desired shape and size, the lower plane of which is formed by the common lower plane of the shell members, and the shell members overhang their associated spacer members in every direction in the sense of the floor plan.

The plurality of spacer members are arranged in lines in two intersecting directions and in columns, and as a consequence of the distance between the edge - neighbouring - spacer elements of neighbouring floor elements, there is a continuous bidirectional, intersecting mould space grid established for the monolithic grid network of the floor. Within the prefabricated element set, the wall end element set consists of one or more rectangular prism shaped spacer members of a size suiting the thickness of the wall and of wall end elements made from shell elements surrounding the one or more spacer members, the ends of the shell members at the actual end of the wall are linked with closing shells.

Within the prefabricated element set, the wall connection element set consists of sets of elements realising the unidirectional connection node points of two walls with different roles at an angle to each other in the floor plan sense, generally perpendicular to one another, and of elements realising the bidirectional intersection node points, and at least one of the wall connection elements is a wall element built into one of the intersecting walls that contains a seating suitable for inserting a prefabricated part of the other wall located above it and/ or under it, preferably its shell member.

The unidirectional wall connection elements contain a layer of rectangular prism shaped spacer members, and shell members encompassing them along their bases sides and top sides facing each other, the shell members generally have the same thickness, but in a given case they may have differing thicknesses in line with the heat insulation requirements, and overhang the spacer members in all directions, a gap forming the mould space is left free between the spacer members for the monolithic supporting structure, usually a column, and a seating suitable for connecting the shell member of the intersecting wall is located in the gap section between the spacer members of one of the shell members.

The wall connection elements realising the bidirectional intersection node point contain a layer of rectangular prism shapes spacer members, and shell members encompassing them along their bases sides and top sides facing each other, the shell members generally have the same thickness, but in a given case they may have differing thicknesses in line with the heat insulation requirements, and overhang the spacer members in all directions, a gap forming the mould space is left free between the spacer members for the monolithic supporting structure, usually a column, and seatings suitable for connecting the shell members of the intersecting walls are located in the gap section between the spacer members of all of the shell members.

Within the prefabricated element set, the wall end column element set consists of two wall end column element sets with different roles: a space delimiting external wall end column element set and an internal space dividing wall end column element set.

The elements of the external wall end column element set comply with the thickness of the external wall and consist of one or more rectangular prism shaped spacer members positioned in one layer, external shell members and internal shell members encompassing the one or more spacer members, a closing shell linking the shell members at the ends at the actual end of the wall, as well as an external end mould space left free for the monolithic column forming a part of the external wall end between the closing shell and the nearest spacer.

The elements of the internal wall column element set comply with the thickness of the internal wall and consist of one or more rectangular prism shaped spacer members positioned in one layer, shell members encompassing the one or more spacer members, a closing shell linking the shell members at the ends at the actual end of the wall, as well as an internal end mould space left free for the monolithic internal wall column forming a part of the internal wall end between the closing shell and the nearest spacer.

Reinforcing steel rods and/ or reinforcing inserts forming planar grid supports made from reinforcing steel preferably by welding are embedded between the courses above one another of the prefabricated element types on top of one another suitable for creating walls, which, in a given case, are supplemented or replaced by reinforcing steel rods in the gaps between the spacer members of the prefabricated element types. Reinforcing steel rods and/ or reinforcing inserts forming planar grid supports made from reinforcing steel preferably by welding are inserted between the neighbouring columns of the prefabricated element types suitable for creating walls, which, in a given case, are supplemented or replaced by reinforcing steel rods inserted in the gaps between the spacers of the prefabricated element types.

The gaps between the courses and columns of the substantially vertical structural parts assembled from element types suitable for creating walls as well as the gaps between the spacer members form the mould spaces for the load-bearing monolithic structural parts.

The gaps between the substantially horizontal structural parts intersecting each other and assembled from element types suitable for creating floors as well as the gaps between the spacers form the mould spaces for the load- bearing monolithic structural parts.

When comparing the utility model according to the invention with the solutions existing to date it has numerous preferable characteristics. The most important of these is that the prefabricated collection of elements may be used in many diverse ways. It is able to comply with many types of building, various numbers of storeys, various weather conditions, geographical features, civilisation circumstances, and human resources. Apart from this clay, clayey sand and even desert sand used for the production of the element collection may be found almost anywhere around the world.

It is noteworthy that so-called adobe, which may be found in most places around the world, and which contains clay in proportions between 30% and 80%, is, according to experience, the primary raw material for the element collection. As it is very easy to obtain, even by surface excavation, it is very easy to work with and shape, and stay-in-place formwork of almost unlimitedly varying shape may be made from it. Its main good concrete technology characteristic is that the monolithic reinforced concrete load bearing structures poured into the mould spaces left free by it do not need to be watered afterwards, because the formwork itself "sweats out" the moisture it needs during the setting time.

An important advantage is that the general public without any experience in the construction industry is able to very quickly create single or multi-storey residential buildings using simple tools and equipment, even without construction industry machinery. Beside this the building structures are able to withstand earthquakes up to a strength of 8 on the Richter scale.

It is also favourable that a high-precision monolithic load-bearing framework is created in the mould spaces created by the formwork elements produced with a great degree of precision, and for this it only has to be ensured that the fresh concrete to be poured into the moulds has the appropriate fluid consistency. Furthermore its application and mass-production advantage is that only the construction material for the monolithic parts - metalwork and cement - has to be transported to the construction location.

In the following the element collection according to the utility model is presented in more detail on the basis of drawings. Without, however, wishing to endow any exclusivity to the element sets tried and tested to date according to experience. In the attached drawings

Figure 1 : external wall element,

Figure 2: internal wall element,

Figure 3: external wall corner element,

Figure 4: internal wall corner element,

Figure 5: external wall column element,

Figure 6: internal wall column element,

Figure 7: wall column corner element,

Figure 8: external ring beam element, Figure 9: internal ring beam element,

Figure 10: external lintel element,

Figure 11 : internal lintel element,

Figure 12: floor element single row,

Figure 13: floor element multiple row,

Figure 14: wall end element,

Figure 15: wall connection element unidirectional,

Figure 16: wall connection element bidirectional,

Figure 17: external wall end column element,

Figure 18: internal wall end column element,

Figure 19: wall section assembled from wall elements,

Figure 20: wall section connecting to wall corner elements,

Figure 21 : wall section connecting to wall column,

Figure 22: wall section connecting to wall column corner elements,

Figure 23: wall section connecting to ring beam elements,

Figure 24: wall section connecting to lintel elements,

Figure 25: wall section connecting to floor elements,

Figure 26: wall section connecting to wall end elements,

Figure 27: unidirectional wall connection elements built into a space delimiting wall section,

Figure 28: bidirectional wall connection elements built into a space dividing wall section,

Figure 29 simple wall reinforcing - rod and planar grid support,

Figure 30 combined wall reinforcing from planar grid supports,

Figure 31 planar grid supports placed in wall elements,

Figure 32 stairway section assembled from wall elements and planar grid supports.

In the appended drawings figure 1 presents an external wall element 11 within the sets of wall elements 1 that form a part of the external delimiting wall of a building. Among the shell members 1 1 encompassing the spacer members l it, the thickness of the external shell member l lkk exceeds this thickness of the internal shell member l lkb. Naturally the shell members 1 lk may also have the same thickness.

In figure 2 the internal wall element 12 can be seen, where the thickness of the shell members 1 lk is the same. In both cases it can be observed that the shell members I lk and 12k encompass the right-angled prism-shaped spacer members l it and 12t so that they overhang their base and top sides in every direction, and a gap remains free between the spacer members l it and 12t.

The two latter features makes it possible to pour fluid fresh concrete into the "hollow" between both the spacer members t of the same elements and the edge spacer members t of the elements next to one another while the building wall is being assembled, also in a given case reinforcing inserts (metalwork) may be positioned into these mould spaces.

These features are realised in the case of all of the element sets of the element collection according to the invention, apart from the wall elements 1. As in the case of all the element sets, the prefabricated elements made from the material found at the construction site, e.g. sandy clay, form stay-in- place formwork for the load-bearing framework, which is formed by the monolithic reinforced concrete supporting structure solidified in the mould spaces "provided" by the prefabricated elements.

Similarly to the wall elements 1 the wall corner elements 2 also consist of two types, the external wall corner elements 21 according to figure 3 and the internal wall corner elements 22 illustrated in figure 4. In the case of the external wall corner elements 21 and the internal wall corner elements 22, wall planes meet that are perpendicular to each other and the wall elements 1 are able to connect to them along both of their wall planes - the external wall elements 1 1 to the external wall corner elements 21 and the internal wall elements 12 to the internal wall corner elements 22. In the case of both wall corner elements 2, the concave edges 21a and 22a are created on the internal side of the external shell members 21kk and 22kk, while convex edges 21b and 22b are created on the internal side of the internal shell members 21kb and 22kb. A mould space for monolithic columns is created in the corner recesses 21z and corner recesses 22z between the neighbouring spacer members 2 It and 22t positioned perpendicular to each other. In the case of the external wall corner elements 21, the bisector plane A of the concave edge 21a between the external shell members 21kk and the bisector plane B of the convex edge 21b between the internal shell members 21kb coincide with each other. The same geometrical situation stands in the case of the internal wall corner elements 22 also.

Wall column elements 3 are presented in figures 5, 6 and 7. The external wall column element 31 forms a part of the delimiting wall of a building, and the internal wall column element 32 forms a part of a space dividing wall, while the wall column corner element 33 forms the formwork for a wall column element that is located at the wall corner where two walls meet perpendicular to each other. The external shell members 31kk of the external wall column elements 31 according to figure 5 is now also thicker than the internal shell members 31kb. The spacer members 3 It are at the distance c31 from each other, which distance determines the size of the mould space 31, which is derived from the structurally required width dimension of the monolithic wall column.

In a completely similar way, in the case of the internal wall column element 32 according to figure 6 the distance c32 between the spacer members 32t between the shell members 32k of the same thickness is left free for the mould space 32f. Internal space dividing walls meet at the wall column corner element 33 indicated in figure 7. Therefore the external shell member 33kk and the internal shell member 33kb have the same thickness. The size of the spacer members 33t between the shell members 33k and the distance from the corner elements determines the cross-section dimensions of the mould space 33f remaining free for the monolithic wall column. The wall elements 1, wall corner elements 2 and wall column elements 3 to this point can connect to each other along the sharp or rounded edge of the sides of the spacers l it, 12t, 21t, 22t, 31t, 32t perpendicular to the shell members k. This does not change the role of the spacer members t.

The ring beam elements 4 illustrated in figures 8 and 9 are simple prisms. The thicknesses of the external ring beam element 41 and of the internal ring beam element 42 may differ from each other. Both comply with the wall thicknesses. Lintel elements 5 that support the walls above the building's doors and windows from underneath have been illustrated in figures 10 and 11. The external lintel element 51 belongs to a space delimiting wall and the internal lintel element to a space dividing wall. Both lintel members 51 and 52 have a U cross-section, and the base sides U2 connect the side walls Ul from underneath. The mould space created between them serves for the monolithic beam, the width of which is determined by the free width c2 of the base side U2.

Of the numerous possible element sets of the floor elements 6, one example of each of two of them is illustrated in figures 12 and 13. The floor elements 6 also are made up of rectangular prism shaped spacer members 6t and flat prism shaped shell members 6t. However, the shell member 6k is only present here along the base side of the spacer members 6t. However, there may be one or more of the spacer members 6t - always in a single layer - positioned on the shell member 6k.

As an example two spacer members t are shown in figure 12 and six are shown in figure 13. A prefabricated, stay-in-place formwork for floors with the desired size and floor plan may be assembled from these. It is indicated in figure 13 that between the spacer members 6t there are gaps a6 in the lateral direction and gaps b6 in the longitudinal direction, while the shell member 6k overhangs the spacer members 6t by the length c6 in the lateral direction and by the length d6 in the longitudinal direction. The gap 6a is preferably twice the overhang c6 and the gap 6b is also preferably twice the overhang d6. With this it may be achieved that gaps between the spacer members 6t of the same floor element 6 and the same sized "streets" between the neighbouring spacer members 6t of neighbouring floor elements 6 are created, and therefore, there is the same amount of space available for the reinforcing placed in them. The load-bearing monolithic framework of the floor structure can then be created in the mould spaces between the spacers 6t created in this way.

In the case of external space delimiting walls, but more in the case of internal space dividing walls it may occur that the wall must be finished off with a closing member. An example of this is the wall end element 7 according to figure 14. The wall end element 7, U-shaped in the floor plan, is similar to the wall elements 1. Here too the spacer members 7t are held together with encompassing shell members 7k, and the shell members 7k themselves are connected with the closing shell 7k2.

When walls perpendicular to each other meet, the wall connection elements 8 illustrated in figures 15 and 16 may be required. Among them the unidirectional wall connection element 81 is able to realise the T-shaped connection of two walls, and the bidirectional wall connection element is able to realise the intersection of two walls. The gaps 81tt and 82tt between the spacer members 8 It and 82t are left free of the monolithic supporting structure, generally a column. The seatings 8 If and 82f suitable connecting the perpendicular other wall are located in this section, which the shell member of the other wall can fit into.

The wall end column element 9 is depicted in figures 17 and 18. In terms of its nature it is similar to the wall end element 7 presented in figure 14, but its spacer member 7t neighbouring the closing shell 7kz is missing. In its place, in the case of the external wall end column 91 there is the external end mould space 9fk, and in the case of the internal wall end column 92 there is the internal end mould space 9fb. These indicate that not only is the wall ended (as in figure 14), but the wall end requires a load-bearing monolithic column also.

In the following examples of how elements taken from the various element sets of the element collection according to the sphere of protection are connected to each other are shown. Figure 19 illustrates a wall section consisting of wall elements 1 lined up beside each other and on top of each other. The horizontal and vertical passages left free between the spacers It form the mould spaces for the concrete for the monolithic load-bearing framework of the wall, which can be provided with reinforcing if required.

The rows of wall elements 1 in figure 20 beside and above each other are broken by the wall column elements 3 where there is a need for them. If the column is at a wall corner, then the wall column corner element 33 version may be used as the wall column element. This is shown in figure 21.

Figure 22 illustrates the role of the ring beam element 4 when connected to a series of external wall elements 1 1 of a space delimiting wall. The lintel elements 5 according to figure 23 form the lintel above the window - not shown in the figure - neighbouring the wall elements 1. Naturally, while the monolithic wall framework is setting, the lintel elements 5 require temporary support. Similarly to the case of the floor elements 6 connected to the wall elements 1 , which can be seen in figure 24.

Figure 25 illustrates the assembly of the wall end column elements 9, which form the continuation of the wall elements 1. In figure 26 the space dividing wall elements 12 are connected perpendicularly to the series of space dividing wall elements 1 1. The connection between them is realised with the wall connection element 81 forming the unidirectional connection node point. Figure 27 illustrates the intersection of two internal space dividing walls. Here the wall connection element 82 suitable for creating the bidirectional connection can be seen in the node point. Figure 28 illustrates two basic versions of the reinforcing inserts, the rob p made from straight reinforcing steel - preferably from periodic steel - and the planar grid support r welded from them. These form the reinforcing placed in the mould spaces left free for the monolithic framework. Both in the walls and in the floor the planar grid supports r in the mould spaces perpendicular to each other in the intersecting mould spaces finally form the spatial reinforcing increasing the strength of the monolithic framework. This is shown in figure 29.

The chord distance h and node distance d of the grid supports r of the reinforcing preferably fit into the dimension system based on the same module size that characterises the dimensions of the members, and of their individual parts, of the prefabricated element collection. Such dimensions are the edge lengths of the right angled parallelogram-based prism shaped spacer members, the edge lengths and thickness of the shell members, their overhang on the shell members, the gaps between the spacer members. Naturally, the element collection may be built on differing basic modules - e.g. in order to expand the selection.

Figure 30 illustrates the fitting of the reinforcing between the spacers It of the wall element 1, figure 31 illustrates a possible method of fitting the planar grid support r shaped reinforcing inserts. In figure 30 it can be seen that it is not necessary to install the reinforcing between all of the spacers It next to one another.

The significance of the element collection is that by using very simple technology large numbers of mainly residential (and with other functions in a given case) buildings can be created exceptionally quickly and productively. Technically under-developed regions, an unskilled workforce or even the frequency of earthquakes do not present problems. The clay-based raw material of the prefabricated elements may be found in large parts of the world, and due to the favourable moisture content of clay, it can provide the monolithic load-bearing framework with "hydrotherapy" while it is setting.

Claims

1. Element collection for composite building structures, which comprises a collection of post-hardening, prefabricated structural elements preferably formed as shaped bodies and of preferably silicate-based, also post-hardening monolithic structural parts, e.g. reinforced concrete structural parts, cooperating with them, the monolithic structural parts are poured into the moulds at the construction site, and contain reinforcing inserts, preferably steelwork, increasing their load-bearing ability, primarily their tensile and transverse strength, the prefabricated structural elements are units produced at one or more prefabrication locations, which delimit the moulds assembled for the monolithic structural parts as stay-in-place formwork, and the reinforcing inserts are positioned in at least a part of the moulds of the monolithic structural parts, characterised by that the prefabricated element set of the element collection contains at least a wall element (1) set, a wall corner element (2) set, a wall column element (3) set, a ring beam element (4) set, a lintel element (5) set, a floor element (6) set, a wall end element (7) set, a wall connection element (8) set, and a wall end column element (9) set, all the types of the element sets form combined series of elements, every element type within the series is built to the same module size, the individual elements of the element sets include at least one shell member (k) and at least one spacer member (t), between the spacer members (t) there are gaps forming moulds for the load-bearing monolithic frame, among the element sets the individual elements of the wall element (1) set, the wall corner element (2) set, the wall column element (3) set and the floor element (6) set are made up of at least a single spacer member (t) or of a series of spacer members (t) positioned at least in one layer and at least in one course at a distance from each other and of shell members (k) positioned up to at least one side of these, metalwork belonging to the prefabricated element sets that may be inserted into the moulds as reinforcing inserts is formed by reinforcing rods (p), planar grid supports made from reinforcing steel (r) and/ or a combination of these, within the series of the prefabricated element sets the side edge lengths of the spacer members (t), the thickness of the spacer members (t), the side edge lengths of the shell members, their thickness and their overhang in every direction on the spacer members (t), furthermore, the longitudinal dimensions of the rods (p) and the grid supports (r) of the metalwork, the chord distances (h) of the grid supports (r) and the distances (c) of the node points from each other along the chords are preferably whole multiples of the module size selected for the given element series.

2. Element collection according to claim 1, characterised by that within the prefabricated element sets the wall element (1) set consists of two wall element (1) sets with different roles, a space delimiting external wall element (11) set bordering the environment of the building and an internal wall element (12) set dividing the spaces within the building.

3. Element collection according to claim 2, characterised by that certain wall elements of the space delimiting external wall element (1 1) set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer members (l it) and shell members (I lk) positioned fitted up to the base sides and top sides opposing each other of the spacer members (l it), overhanging them in four directions, and the shell members (I lk) have the same thickness or different thicknesses in line with the heat insulation requirements.

4. Element collection according to claim 2, characterised by that certain wall elements of the internal wall element (12) set dividing the spaces within the building contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer members (12t) and shell members (12k) positioned fitted up to the base sides and top sides opposing each other of the spacer members (12t), overhanging them in four directions, and the shell members (12k) are generally of the same thickness.

5. Element collection according to any of claims 2-4, characterised by that there are mould spaces left free between the courses of the spacer members (l it, 12t) and the columns suitable for the positioning of the reinforcing inserts for the monolithic parts of the wall.

6. Element collection according to claim 1 , characterised by that within the prefabricated element set, the wall corner element (2) set consists of two wall corner element (2) sets with differing roles: a space delimiting external wall corner element (21) set, and an internal wall corner element (22) set dividing the spaces within the building.

7. Element collection according to claim 6, characterised by that certain wall corner elements (21) of the space delimiting external wall corner element (21) set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer elements (2 It), as well as an external shell member (21kk) and internal shell member (21kb) encompassing them along the bases sides and top sides opposing each other of the shell members (21kk, 21kb)), the shell members (21kk, 21kb) have the same thickness or differing thicknesses depending on the heat insulation requirements, they overhang the spacer members (2 It) in all directions, and in line with the floor plan of the building the external shell members (21kk) and the internal shell members (21kb) are at the same angle to each other as the angle in the floor plan between the wall planes meeting at the wall corner elements (2), for example, they are perpendicular to each other.

8. Element collection according to claim 6 or 7, characterised by that the planes of the external shell members (21kk) of the external wall corner elements (21) facing towards the spacer elements (2 It) meet along a concave edge, the planes of their internal shell members (21kb) facing towards the spacer members (2 It) meet along a convex edge, the bisector plane (A) of the angle between the external shell member (21kk) planes and the bisector plane (B) of the angle between the internal shell members (21kb) coincide.

9. Element collection according to claim 6, characterised by that certain wall corner elements (22) of the internal wall corner element (22) set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer elements (22t), as well as shell members (22k) encompassing them along the bases sides and top sides opposing each other of the shell members (22k), the shell members (22k) on both sides of the spacer members (22t) generally have the same thickness, they overhang the spacer members in all directions, and are at an to each other in line with the position in the floor plan, for example, they are perpendicular to each other.

10. Element collection according to any of claims 6-9, characterised by that the corner recesses (21z, 22z), facing the spacer members (2 It), of the external shell members (21kk) and internal shell members (21kb) of the external wall corner elements (21) and internal wall corner elements (22) are hollows free of spacers, which form mould spaces for the monolithic wall corner columns.

1 1. Element collection according to claim 1 , characterised by that within the prefabricated element set the wall column element set consists of three wall column element (3) sets with different roles: external space delimiting wall column element (31) set, internal space dividing wall column element (32) set and wall column corner element (33) set.

12. Element collection according to claim 1 1 , characterised by that certain wall column elements (31) of the external space delimiting wall column (31) element set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer elements (3 It), as well as external shell members (31kk) and internal shell members (31kb) encompassing them along the bases sides and top sides opposing each other of the shell members (31kk, 31kb), the shell members (31kk, 31kb) have the same thickness or differing thicknesses depending on the heat insulation requirements, the number of spacer members (31) is at least two, and they are at a distance (c31) from each other to form a mould space for the external monolithic wall column, in the other directions the shell members (31kk, 31kb) overhang the sides of the spacer members, and reinforcing inserts are located in the mould space (3 If) of the monolithic wall column.

13. Element collection according to claim 1 1 , characterised by that certain wall column elements (32) of the internal space dividing internal wall column element (32) set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer elements (32t), as well as shell members (32k) encompassing them on two sides along the bases sides and top sides opposing each other of the spacer elements (32t), the number of spacer members (32t) is at least two, and they are at a distance (c32) from each other forming a mould space for the monolithic wall column, in the other directions the shell members (32k) overlap the sides of the spacer members (32t), and reinforcing inserts are located in the mould space (32f) of the monolithic wall column.

14. Element collection according to claim 1 1, characterised by that certain wall column corner elements of the wall column element (33) set contain a layer of rectangular shaped spacer members (33t) and shell members (33k) encompassing them on two sides along their bases sides and top sides opposing each other, one of the shell members is an external shell member (33kk) creating a convex corner, the other is an internal shell member (33kb) creating a concave corner, there is at least one spacer member along one wall plane meeting at the wall corner, while there is also at least one spacer member (33t) along the other wall plane, and between the neighbouring spacer members (33t) at the wall corner there is a mould space (33f) suitable for the positioning of reinforcing inserts left free for the monolithic wall column.

15. Element collection according to claim 1, characterised by that within the prefabricated element set, the ring beam element (4) set consists of two ring beam sets (4) with differing roles: an external ring beam element (41) set forming a part of the space delimiting external wall, and an internal ring beam element (42) set forming a part of the internal space dividing wall.

16. Element collection according to claim 15, characterised by that certain ring beam elements (41) of the external ring beam element (41) set are rectangular-based prisms, the thickness of which complies with the thickness of the space delimiting external walls.

17. Element collection according to claim 15, characterised by that certain ring beam elements (42) of the internal ring beam (42) element set are rectangular-based prisms, the thickness of which complies with the thickness of the internal space dividing walls.

18. Element collection according to claim 1, characterised by that within the prefabricated element set, the lintel element (5) set consists of two lintel element (5) sets with different roles: an external lintel element (51) set forming a part of the space delimiting external wall and an internal lintel element (52) set forming a part of the internal space dividing walls.

19. Element collection according to claim 18, characterised by that the prefabricated lintel element (51 , 52) sets are beams with a U-shaped cross- section open upwards, which have one elongated rectangular base side (U2) and side walls (Ul) connected to it along its longitudinal edges, the lintel element (51, 52) is built into a space delimiting external wall or into an internal space dividing wall, and forms a lintel beam over the opening underneath it, and a mould space is left between the side walls of the U- cross-section beams where reinforcing inserts may be placed and for the monolithic part of the lintel element (51 , 52).

20. Element collection according to claim 18 or 19, characterised by that an internal distance (C2) complying with the thickness of the spacers suiting the thickness of the wall is left free between the side walls (Ul) of the U-cross-section beams.

21. Element collection according to claim 1, characterised by that within the prefabricated element set, the floor element (6) set consists of a layer of parallelogram-based, rectangular shell members (6k) and, fitting to its upper surface, a single layer of also parallelogram-based and rectangular floor elements (6) containing spacer members (6t) positioned in one or more lines.

22. Element collection according to claim 21 , characterised by that the floor is put together from a plurality of floor elements (6) complying with the shape and size of the floor to be made from them, and there are mould spaces left free in the rib network forming the monolithic grid of the floor to be made between the inter-crossing lines and columns of the spacer members (6t) on the upper surface of the shell members (6k).

23. Element collection according to claim 21 or 22, characterised by that by arranging the floor elements (6) next to one another a floor may be put together with any desired shape and size, the lower plane of which is formed by the common lower plane of the shell members (6k), and the shell members (6k) overhang their associated spacer members (6t) in every direction in the sense of the floor plan.

24. Element collection according to any of claims 21-23, characterised by that the plurality of spacer members (6t) are arranged in lines in two intersecting directions and in columns, and as a consequence of the distance between the edge - neighbouring - spacer elements of neighbouring floor elements (6), there is a continuous bidirectional, intersecting mould space grid established for the monolithic grid network of the floor.

25. Element collection according to claim 1 , characterised by that within the prefabricated element set, the wall end element (7) set consists of one or more rectangular prism shaped spacer members (7t) of a size suiting the thickness of the wall and of wall end elements (7) made from shell elements (7k) surrounding the one or more spacer members (7t), the ends of the shell members (7k) at the actual end of the wall are linked with closing shells (7kz).

26. Element collection according to claim 1 , characterised by that within the prefabricated element set, the wall connection element (8) set consists of sets of elements (81) realising the unidirectional connection node points of two walls with different roles at an angle to each other in the floor plan sense, generally perpendicular to one another, and of elements (82) realising the bidirectional intersection node points, and at least one of the wall connection elements (81, 82) is a wall element built into one of the intersecting walls that contains a seating (8ff) suitable for inserting a prefabricated part of the other wall located above it and/ or under it, preferably its shell member.

27. Element collection according to claim 26, characterised by that the unidirectional wall connection elements (81) contain a layer of rectangular prism shaped spacer members (8 It), and shell members (81k) encompassing them along their bases sides and top sides facing each other, the shell members (81k) generally have the same thickness, but in a given case they may have differing thicknesses in line with the heat insulation requirements, and overhang the spacer members (8 It) in all directions, a gap (81tt) forming the mould space is left free between the spacer members (8 It) for the monolithic supporting structure, usually a column, and a seating (8ff) suitable for connecting the shell member (81k) of the intersecting wall is located in the gap (81tt) section between the spacer members (8 It) of one of the shell members (81k).

28. Element collection according to claim 27, characterised by that the wall connection elements (82) realising the bidirectional intersection node point contain a layer of rectangular prism shapes spacer members (82t), and shell members (82k) encompassing them along their bases sides and top sides facing each other, the shell members (82k) generally have the same thickness, but in a given case they may have differing thicknesses in line with the heat insulation requirements, and overhang the spacer members (82t) in all directions, a gap (82tt) forming the mould space is left free between the spacer members (82t) for the monolithic supporting structure, usually a column, and seatings (8ff) suitable for connecting the shell members (82k) of the intersecting walls are located in the gap (82tt) section between the spacer members (82t) of all of the shell members (82k).

29. Element collection according to claim 1 , characterised by that within the prefabricated element set, the wall end column element (9) set consists of two wall end column element (91, 92) sets with different roles: a space delimiting external wall end column element (91) set and an internal space dividing wall end column element (92) set.

30. Element collection according to claim 29, characterised by that the elements of the external wall end column element (91) set comply with the thickness of the external wall and consist of one or more rectangular prism shaped spacer members (9t) positioned in one layer, external shell members (9kk) and internal shell members (9kb) encompassing the one or more spacer members (9t), a closing shell (9kz) linking the shell members (9kk, 9kb) at the ends at the actual end of the wall, as well as an external end mould space (9ft) left free for the monolithic column forming a part of the external wall end between the closing shell (9kz) and the nearest spacer (9t).

31. Element collection according to claim 29, characterised by that the elements of the internal wall column element (92) set comply with the thickness of the internal wall and consist of one or more rectangular prism shaped spacer members (9t) positioned in one layer, shell members (9k) encompassing the one or more spacer members (9t), a closing shell (9kz) linking the shell members (9k) at the ends at the actual end of the wall, as well as an internal end mould space (9fb) left free for the monolithic internal wall column forming a part of the internal wall end between the closing shell (9kz) and the nearest spacer (9t).

32. Element collection according to claim 1, characterised by that reinforcing steel rods (p) and/ or reinforcing inserts forming planar grid supports (r) made from reinforcing steel preferably by welding are embedded between the courses above one another of the prefabricated element types on top of one another suitable for creating walls, which, in a given case, are supplemented or replaced by reinforcing steel rods (p) in the gaps between the spacer members (t) of the prefabricated element types.

33. Element collection according to claim 1, characterised by that reinforcing steel rods (p) and/ or reinforcing inserts forming planar grid supports (r) made from reinforcing steel preferably by welding are inserted between the neighbouring columns of the prefabricated element types suitable for creating walls, which, in a given case, are supplemented or replaced by reinforcing steel rods (p) inserted in the gaps between the spacers of the prefabricated element types.

34. Element collection according to claim 32 or 33, characterised by that the gaps between the courses and columns of the substantially vertical structural parts assembled from element types suitable for creating walls as well as the gaps between the spacer members (t) form the mould spaces for the load-bearing monolithic structural parts.

35. Element collection according to claim 1 , characterised by that the gaps between the substantially horizontal structural parts intersecting each other and assembled from element types suitable for creating floors as well as the gaps between the spacers (t) form the mould spaces for the load- bearing monolithic structural parts.