WO2016086805A1 - 用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路及线控耳机 - Google Patents

用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路及线控耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016086805A1
WO2016086805A1 PCT/CN2015/095864 CN2015095864W WO2016086805A1 WO 2016086805 A1 WO2016086805 A1 WO 2016086805A1 CN 2015095864 W CN2015095864 W CN 2015095864W WO 2016086805 A1 WO2016086805 A1 WO 2016086805A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
earphone
audio
switching element
processing circuit
microphone
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Application number
PCT/CN2015/095864
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李卫国
Original Assignee
青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司
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Application filed by 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 filed Critical 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020177014750A priority Critical patent/KR101887322B1/ko
Priority to JP2017529801A priority patent/JP6518764B2/ja
Publication of WO2016086805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016086805A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1041—Mechanical or electronic switches, or control elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/002—Damping circuit arrangements for transducers, e.g. motional feedback circuits

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of earphone circuits, and in particular to an audio processing circuit for eliminating noise generated by an earphone during insertion and removal, and a wire-controlled earphone designed by using the audio processing circuit.
  • the existing line-controlled earphones are generally divided into three-stage earphones and four-segment earphones.
  • the earphone plugs For wire-controlled earphones equipped with microphones (for example, wire-controlled earphones used with mobile phones), the earphone plugs generally use four segments.
  • the structure, as shown in FIG. 1, is defined as the left channel terminal L, the right channel terminal R, the microphone terminal MIC, and the ground terminal GND from the outside to the inside of the earphone plug.
  • the present invention proposes an audio processing circuit for eliminating the noise of the earphone insertion and removal, and the earphone is inserted and removed during the insertion and removal process.
  • the resulting noise signal is effectively suppressed, which in turn improves the overall audio quality of the headphones.
  • An audio processing circuit for eliminating earphone insertion noise in which an audio transmission line for transmitting a left channel audio signal and a right channel audio signal is respectively connected with a noise suppression circuit, in the noise suppression circuit
  • An isolation capacitor and a switching element are disposed therein; wherein one end of the isolation capacitor is connected to the audio transmission line, and the other end is connected to the switching element; before and after the earphone is plugged in, the switching element is disconnected, and the earphone is inserted During the drawing, the introduced DC voltage is transmitted to the switching element through the isolation capacitor, the switching element is turned on, and the audio transmission line is grounded through the switching path of the switching element.
  • the isolation capacitor is connected to the control electrode of the switching element through a series current limiting resistor, and the control electrode of the switching element is grounded through a discharge resistor; the resistance values of the current limiting resistor and the discharging resistor are satisfied: After passing the mutated DC voltage through the isolation capacitor and the current limiting resistor, a voltage drop formed across the discharge resistor causes the switching element to conduct.
  • the current limiting resistor has a resistance of 1 K ⁇ or less; and the discharge resistor has a resistance of 10 K ⁇ or more.
  • the switching element is an NPN type triode
  • the base of the triode is connected to the current limiting resistor
  • the collector is connected to the audio transmission line
  • the emitter is grounded.
  • the current applied to the control electrode is made smaller than the minimum on current of the switching element, so that the switching element is on the left, The right channel audio signal cannot be turned on during normal transmission.
  • the isolation capacitor preferably uses a pico-level capacitor, preferably a ceramic capacitor of several tens of picofarads; the normal frequency range of the audio signal is usually between 20 Hz and 20 kHz, depending on the frequency range and the switching element.
  • the turn-on voltage and current are combined to determine the capacitance of the isolation capacitor.
  • a resistance-capacitance filter circuit is respectively connected to the audio transmission line for transmitting the left channel audio signal and the right channel audio signal;
  • a ⁇ -type filter circuit formed by a capacitor and an inductor is connected to the microphone transmission line of the microphone terminal.
  • the audio processing circuit is preferably disposed in a wire controller of the earphone, and a plurality of function buttons are disposed on the wire controller, and different function buttons are connected in series with voltage-dividing resistors of different resistance values, respectively Between the microphone terminal of the earphone plug and the ground, the function button is a mechanical button without a self-locking function.
  • the earphone can also be designed as a double-plug wire-controlled earphone.
  • an audio socket can be added to the wire controller, and a left channel pin and a right are disposed in the audio socket.
  • a channel pin, a microphone pin, and a ground pin wherein the left channel pin is connected to a left channel audio output of the line controller, and the left channel audio output is connected to a left channel speaker by a cable
  • the right channel pin is connected to the right channel audio output end of the line controller, and the right channel audio output end is connected to the right channel speaker through a cable
  • the microphone pin is connected to the microphone disposed on the line controller Or connecting a microphone signal input end of the line controller, wherein the microphone signal input end is connected to the microphone through a cable;
  • the ground pin is grounded through a button having a self-locking function, and when the button is pressed, the two can pass through Headphones play audio signals.
  • the present invention also proposes a wire-controlled earphone designed by using the audio processing circuit, in which the left channel audio signal is transmitted and An audio suppression circuit is respectively connected to the audio transmission line of the right channel audio signal, and an isolation capacitor and a switching element are disposed in the noise suppression circuit; wherein one end of the isolation capacitor is connected to the audio transmission line, and the other end is connected.
  • the switching element; the audio transmission line introduces a sudden DC voltage during the insertion and removal of the earphone, and the abrupt DC voltage is transmitted to the switching element through the isolation capacitor to control the switching element to operate.
  • the potential of the audio transmission line is pulled low, i.e., close to zero level, thereby blocking the output of the noise.
  • the invention adds a noise suppression circuit to the left and right channel audio transmission lines of the earphone, and adopts a low left and right channel audio transmission line during the process of plugging and unplugging the earphone.
  • the circuit design of the invention is simple in structure and low in cost, and can be widely applied in the circuit design of all four-stage wire-controlled earphones at present, and completely eliminates the noise of the earphone insertion and unplugging, and does not significantly improve the overall cost of the earphone. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structural view of an embodiment of a four-segment line-controlled earphone
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of an audio processing circuit for eliminating earphone insertion noise according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of one embodiment of applying the audio processing circuit of FIG. 2 to a dual plug-wire type earphone.
  • This embodiment is directed to the current wire-controlled earphones, especially the four-segment wire-controlled earphones, in which the left and right channel terminals of the earphone plug pass through and are in contact with the earphone jack of the host during the plugging and unplugging process.
  • the level pull-up circuit of the microphone terminal connected to the earphone plug suddenly introduces a DC voltage on the left and right channel audio transmission lines of the earphone, and then generates and outputs a noise through the speaker of the earphone, which affects the user experience. .
  • the noise suppression circuit is designed in the embodiment, and is respectively connected to the audio transmission line for transmitting the left channel audio signal and the right channel audio signal in the earphone to eliminate the insertion and removal of the earphone.
  • the DC voltage introduced into the audio transmission line is introduced in the process, and the design effect of eliminating noise is achieved.
  • an isolation capacitor and a switching element are disposed, and a DC voltage suddenly introduced into the left and right channel audio transmission lines during the plugging and unplugging process can be transmitted to the subsequent switch through the isolation capacitor. And driving control of the switching element such that the switching element can accurately operate when a DC voltage is suddenly applied to the audio transmission lines of the left and right channels, and then the DC voltage is pulled down to the ground, Avoid it outputting through the left and right channel speakers of the headphones so that the user does not hear the noise.
  • the four-segment line-controlled earphone of the present embodiment mainly includes an earphone plug 1, a wire controller 2, a left channel speaker 3, and a right channel speaker 4.
  • the earphone plug 1 is used for plugging the audio jack of the host (such as a mobile phone, etc.), receiving the left and right channel audio signals output by the host, and transmitting the signals to the line controller 2 through the cable, and then transmitting to the line controller 2 through the cable controller 2, respectively.
  • the left channel speaker 3 and the right channel speaker 4 in turn, enable playback output of the left and right channel audio signals.
  • the earphone plug 1 is divided into four segments, which are sequentially defined from the outer side to the inner side as a left channel terminal L, a right channel terminal R, a microphone terminal MIC, and a ground terminal GND. Adding a set of the noise suppression circuit on the audio transmission line connecting the left channel terminal L for eliminating the DC voltage introduced into the left channel audio transmission line during the plugging and unplugging process; meanwhile, connecting the right channel A set of the noise suppression circuit is also added to the audio transmission line of the terminal R for eliminating the DC voltage introduced into the right channel audio transmission line during the plugging and unplugging process.
  • the user when the user inserts the earphone or pulls it out from the earphone jack on the main unit, the user will no longer hear the "beep" noise.
  • one end of the isolation capacitor may be connected to the audio transmission line of the left channel or the right channel, and the other end may be connected to the control electrode of the switching element. Connecting a switching path of the switching element between the audio transmission line and the ground, and when the switching element is controlled to be turned on, pulling down a potential of the audio transmission line to a low level, that is, close to 0V, thereby Block the output of the noise.
  • the present embodiment further provides a finite current resistor and a discharge resistor in the noise suppression circuit, and the current limiting resistor may be connected between the isolation capacitor and the control electrode of the switching element.
  • the discharge resistor can be connected between the control electrode of the switching element and the ground to ensure safe on-off control of the switching element.
  • the present embodiment uses an isolation capacitor C1, a current limiting resistor R10, a discharge resistor R3, and a switching element Q1 to form a first group of noise suppression circuits connected to an audio transmission line for transmitting left channel audio signals.
  • the isolation capacitor C3, the current limiting resistor R11, the discharge resistor R5, and the switching element Q2 form a second group of noise suppression circuits connected to the audio transmission line for transmitting the right channel audio signal.
  • the first group of noise suppression circuits will be described as an example.
  • the switching element Q1 may be an electronic component such as a triode, a MOS tube, or a thyristor.
  • an NPN type triode is taken as an example for description. As shown in FIG. 2, the base of the NPN transistor Q1 is connected to the voltage dividing node of the voltage dividing circuit, the emitter is grounded, and the collector is connected to the audio transmission line.
  • the resistance values of the current limiting resistor R10 and the discharging resistor R3 according to the magnitude of the DC voltage introduced into the audio transmission line during the plugging and unplugging process, so that the DC voltage passes through the isolation capacitor C1 and the limit After the current resistor R10, the voltage drop formed across the discharge resistor R3 is greater than the turn-on voltage of the NPN transistor Q1, for example, greater than 0.7V, preferably close to the collector voltage of the transistor Q1, thereby controlling the NPN transistor Q1.
  • the saturation is turned on, and the DC voltage is pulled down to the ground to block its output through the left channel speaker 3.
  • the transistors Q1 and Q2 are preferably selected from a triode device having a relatively low on-resistance.
  • the selection of the parameter values of the isolation capacitors C1 and C3 requires not only the magnitude of the DC voltage introduced into the left and right channel audio transmission lines during the plugging and unplugging process, but also In addition to the magnitude of the turn-on voltage of the switching elements, the frequencies of the left and right channel audio signals should also be considered.
  • the parameter value principle to be followed when selecting the isolation capacitors C1 and C3 in this embodiment is: an audio signal in a normal frequency range.
  • the isolation capacitors C1, C3 are transmitted to the gates of the switching elements Q1, Q2, the current applied to the gate is less than the minimum on current of the switching elements Q1, Q2 to avoid the switching elements Q1, Q2
  • the normally transmitted left and right channel audio signals are blocked due to erroneous conduction.
  • the parameter values of the isolation capacitors C1 and C3 are selected as follows:
  • the resistance values of the current limiting resistors R10/R11 and the discharging resistors R3/R5 are configured in combination with the minimum on-current of the switching elements Q1 and Q2, so that the audio signal having a frequency of 20 kHz passes through the isolation capacitor C1/C3 and the current limiting resistor R10. After /R11 and the discharge resistor R3/R5, the current is insufficient to turn on the switching elements Q1 and Q2, so that the normal output of the audio signal when the earphone is operating normally is not affected.
  • audio signals below 20 kHz can satisfy the above requirements.
  • the isolation capacitor C1/C3 preferably uses a pico-level capacitor, for example, a ceramic capacitor of several tens of picofarads can meet the design requirements.
  • the resistance of the current limiting resistor R10/R11 is preferably 1 K ⁇ or less; and the resistance of the discharging resistor R3/R5 is preferably 10 K ⁇ or more.
  • the earphone plug 1 of the wire-controlled earphone is plugged and unplugged in the audio jack of the host, if the DC voltage of the host side is in contact with the left channel terminal L and/or the right channel terminal R of the earphone plug 1,
  • the abrupt DC voltage will be transmitted through the isolation capacitors C1 and C3 to the current limiting resistors R10 and R11, thereby controlling the conduction of the transistors Q1 and Q2.
  • the audio transmission line is connected to the system ground, and the DC voltage in the audio transmission line is discharged to the ground to prevent it from being output through the earphone speakers 3 and 4, thereby generating noise.
  • the normal audio signal outputted by the host is transmitted to the earphone speakers 3, 4 via the audio transmission line in the earphone, and at this time, the switching element can be avoided due to the presence of the isolating capacitors C1 and C3. Q1 and Q2 have malfunctioned.
  • the isolating capacitors C1 and C3 in the noise suppression circuit when the earphone is plugged and unplugged, if the plugging and unplugging is not complete, for example, when the earphone plug 1 is inserted into the audio jack of the host, the left channel terminal L of the earphone is After touching the microphone end of the audio jack of the host, it does not move. If there is no such isolated capacitor C1, C3, the DC voltage connected to the microphone end of the host side is continuously discharged through the turned-on transistor Q1/Q2.
  • the transistor Q1/Q2 is momentarily turned on, and the DC voltage is discharged through the transistor Q1/Q2; if it is always in contact, As the isolation capacitor C1/C3 discharges through the resistors R10, R3 or R11, R5, the base voltage of the transistor Q1/Q2 drops. When the base voltage is lower than 0.7V, the transistor Q1/Q2 turns off, and the DC on the host side The voltage will not continue to discharge through the transistor Q1/Q2, thereby avoiding excessive consumption of the battery on the host side.
  • the noise suppression circuit of this embodiment can also eliminate the spike interference signal suddenly generated during the process of playing the audio signal to a certain extent, and specifically, the capacitor C1/C3 of a suitable capacitance range and the resistor of a suitable resistance range can be selected. R10/R3/R11/R5 to achieve suppression of spike interference signals within a certain range.
  • the present embodiment further provides a RC filter circuit in the left channel audio transmission line and the right channel audio transmission line, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the resistor R1 and the capacitor C2 are connected to form a first group of RC filter circuits, which are connected in the left channel audio transmission line, and filter the left channel audio signal;
  • the resistor R6 and the capacitor C4 are connected to form a second group of RC filter circuits.
  • the resistors R1/R6 may be connected in series in the audio transmission line, and the capacitors C2/C4 may be connected between the audio transmission line and the ground.
  • the anti-interference ability of the line-controlled earphone can be improved, and the quality of the audio signal can be ensured.
  • the values of the parameters of the resistor R1/R6 and the capacitor C2/C4 can be specifically selected according to some specific standard requirements.
  • a ⁇ -type filter circuit is also designed in the microphone transmission line connecting the microphone terminal MIC of the earphone plug 1, as shown in FIG. 2, mainly by the capacitor C5. /C6 is connected to the inductor L1.
  • the inductor L1 is connected in series in the microphone transmission line, and the capacitors C5 and C6 are connected to both ends of the inductor L1, and the other end is grounded.
  • the noise suppression circuit and the filter circuit are preferably disposed in the line controller 2 of the online control earphone, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the left channel audio output terminal L_OUT on the wire controller 2 is connected to the left channel speaker 3 through a cable to output a left channel audio signal;
  • the right channel audio output terminal R_OUT on the wire controller 2 is connected to the right through a cable.
  • the channel speaker 4 outputs the right channel audio signal;
  • the microphone signal input terminal MIC_IN on the line controller 2 is connected to the microphone of the line controller 2 through a cable connection, or directly connected to the microphone disposed on the line controller 2,
  • the audio signal picked up by the microphone is received and transmitted to the host side.
  • the left channel speaker 3 and the right channel speaker 4 are detachably connected to the line controller 2, that is, the left and right channel speakers 3, 4 are combined into a headphone speaker with a plug, such as a binaural earphone,
  • the cable controller 2 can be inserted and removed from the audio socket of the wire controller 2, and the wire controller 2 can receive a plurality of earphone speakers.
  • the noise suppression circuit of the embodiment is disposed on the line controller 2, and there is no requirement for the circuit inside the earphone speaker.
  • the line controller 2 When there is no headphone speaker with any noise suppression circuit, or even a headphone speaker without any circuit (only the speaker that connects the plug through the transmission line), after the line controller 2 is inserted, when the line controller 2 is output through the headphone plug 1 in the sound source When the device is plugged and unplugged, the earphone speaker can not hear the noise, and can obtain a good listening effect.
  • Functional buttons SW1, SW2, SW3, such as function buttons for adjusting the volume level, function buttons for answering/hanging, and the like, may be further provided on the line controller 2.
  • different function buttons are connected in series with voltage-dividing resistors of different resistance values, for example, the function button SW1 and the voltage dividing resistor R7 are connected in series, and the function button SW2 and the voltage dividing resistor R8 are connected.
  • the function button SW3 is connected in series with the voltage dividing resistor R9; then each series branch is connected between the microphone terminal MIC of the earphone plug 1 and the ground.
  • the DC voltage of the host side that provides a DC bias to the microphone signal is respectively connected to each of the voltage dividing resistors R7-R9 via the pull-up resistor and the microphone terminal MIC.
  • the pull-up resistor is connected to a voltage dividing circuit formed by one of the voltage dividing resistors R7/R8/R9, and the DC voltage is divided, at this time only It is necessary to detect the voltage division value at the microphone terminal MIC to determine which function button SW1/SW2/SW3 is pressed, and then control the host to perform the corresponding action in response to the user's operation.
  • the function buttons SW1, SW2, and SW3 preferably select a mechanical button that does not have a self-locking function.
  • the voltage dividing resistors R7, R8, and R9 generally select a resistance value within 1000 ohms, and specifically select a voltage setting value that can be recognized when each button is pressed according to the inserted host end.
  • the earphone circuit shown in Figure 2 only supports a plug-in wire-controlled earphone.
  • an audio socket can be added to the circuit shown in Figure 2, as shown in Figure 3, the audio socket Unite -2, specifically, can be disposed on the line controller 2 of the earphone.
  • the audio jack Unite-2 may be a four-segment audio jack, and the audio jack Unite-2 is provided with a left channel pin HL, a right channel pin HR, a microphone pin mic, and a ground pin G.
  • the left channel pin HL of the audio jack Unite-2 is connected to the left channel audio output terminal L_OUT of the line controller 2
  • the right channel pin HR is connected to the right channel audio output terminal R_OUT of the line controller 2
  • the pin mic is connected to the microphone signal input terminal MIC_IN of the line controller 2
  • the ground pin G is grounded through a button SW4 having a self-locking function.
  • the earphone circuit proposed in this embodiment does not need to use an additional power supply, and only needs to be driven by the DC bias voltage provided by the microphone terminal MIC on the host side inserted therein, and the circuit design is simple, the cost is low, and the elimination is completely eliminated.
  • the noise generated by the earphone during the plugging and unplugging process can improve the satisfaction of the earphone user.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路及线控耳机，在所述耳机中用于传输左声道音频信号和右声道音频信号的音频传输线路上分别连接有一杂音抑制电路，在所述杂音抑制电路中设置有隔离电容和开关元件；其中，所述隔离电容的一端连接所述的音频传输线路，另一端连接所述的开关元件；在耳机拔插前后，所述开关元件断开，在耳机插拔的过程中，引入的突变的直流电压通过所述隔离电容传输至所述的开关元件，所述开关元件导通，所述音频传输线路通过所述开关元件的开关通路接地，继而阻断杂音的输出。本发明的电路设计结构简单、成本低廉，可以彻底消除耳机插拔过程中产生的杂音，适合应用在目前所有四段式线控耳机的电路设计中。

Description

用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路及线控耳机 技术领域
本发明属于耳机电路技术领域，具体地说，是涉及一种用于消除耳机在插拔过程中产生的杂音的音频处理电路以及采用所述音频处理电路设计的线控类耳机。
发明背景
现有的线控类耳机，一般分为三段式耳机和四段式耳机，对于配置有麦克风的线控类耳机（例如与手机配合使用的线控类耳机），其耳机插头一般选用四段式结构，如图1所示，从耳机插头的外侧向内侧依次定义为左声道端子L、右声道端子R、麦克风端子MIC和接地端子GND。当这种四段式的线控类耳机插入到主机上时，例如插入到手机上的耳机插口中时，由于在手机一侧与耳机插头的麦克风端子MIC相连接的电路中设置有电平上拉电路，即，将耳机插头的麦克风端子MIC通过上拉电阻连接至一直流电源或者直接与一直流电源连接，以用于为麦克风信号提供直流偏置电压，因此，在将耳机插头插入或者拔出手机的音频插口时，由于在插拔的过程中，耳机插头的左声道端子L和右声道端子R会依次经过并接触到所述的电平上拉电路，这样就会在耳机的左、右声道上突然加入一个直流电压，进而产生一个杂音信号，这就是为什么用户在插拔耳机时会听到“噗噗”声的原因。
发明内容
为了解决现有的线控类耳机在插入或者拔出主机的音频插口时会发出杂音的问题，本发明提出了一种用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，对耳机在插拔过程中所产生的杂音信号实现了有效地抑制，继而提升了耳机的整体音频质量。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，在所述耳机中用于传输左声道音频信号和右声道音频信号的音频传输线路上分别连接有一杂音抑制电路，在所述杂音抑制电路中设置有隔离电容和开关元件；其中，所述隔离电容的一端连接所述的音频传输线路，另一端连接所述的开关元件；在耳机拔插前后，所述开关元件断开，在耳机插拔的过程中，引入的突变的直流电压通过所述隔离电容传输至所述的开关元件，所述开关元件导通，所述音频传输线路通过所述开关元件的开关通路接地。
进一步的，所述隔离电容通过一串联的限流电阻连接所述开关元件的控制极，所述开关元件的控制极通过一放电电阻接地；所述限流电阻和放电电阻的阻值满足：在使所述突变的直流电压通过所述的隔离电容和限流电阻后，在所述放电电阻的两端形成的压降使得所述开关元件导通。
优选的，所述限流电阻的阻值在1KΩ以下；所述放电电阻的阻值在10KΩ以上。
优选的，所述开关元件为NPN型三极管，所述三极管的基极连接所述的限流电阻，集电极连接所述的音频传输线路，发射极接地。
为了在有效消除插拔杂音的同时，保证左、右声道音频信号能够正常传输，在选择隔离电容时，应遵循以下参数取值原则：
在正常频率范围内的音频信号通过隔离电容传输至所述开关元件的控制极时，使施加到所述控制极的电流小于所述开关元件的最小导通电流，目的是使开关元件在左、右声道音频信号正常传输时无法导通。
进一步的，所述隔离电容优选采用皮法级电容，最好是几十皮法的陶瓷电容；所述音频信号的正常频率范围通常在20Hz-20KHz之间，可以根据所述频率范围以及开关元件的导通电压以及电流综合确定出隔离电容的电容值。
为了提高耳机的抗干扰能力，保证音频信号的质量，在所述用于传输左声道音频信号和右声道音频信号的音频传输线路中还分别连接有一阻容滤波电路；在连接所述耳机的麦克风端子的麦克风传输线路中连接有一由电容和电感形成的π型滤波电路。
优选的，所述音频处理电路优选布设在耳机的线控器中，在所述线控器上设置有多个功能按键，不同的功能按键与不同阻值的分压电阻串联后，分别连接在耳机插头的麦克风端子与地之间，所述功能按键为无自锁功能的机械式按键。
进一步的，还可以将所述耳机设计成一种双插头的线控耳机，此时，可以在所述线控器上增设一个音频插座，在所述音频插座中设置有左声道引脚、右声道引脚、麦克风引脚和接地引脚；其中，所述左声道引脚连接线控器的左声道音频输出端，所述左声道音频输出端通过线缆连接左声道扬声器；所述右声道引脚连接线控器的右声道音频输出端，所述右声道音频输出端通过线缆连接右声道扬声器；所述麦克风引脚连接布设在线控器上的麦克风或者连接线控器的麦克风信号输入端，所述麦克风信号输入端通过线缆连接麦克风；所述接地引脚通过一具有自锁功能的按键接地，在将所述按键压下时，可以通过两个耳机播放音频信号。
基于上述用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路的结构设计，本发明还提出了一种采用所述音频处理电路设计的线控耳机，在所述耳机中用于传输左声道音频信号和右声道音频信号的音频传输线路上分别连接有一杂音抑制电路，在所述杂音抑制电路中设置有隔离电容和开关元件；其中，所述隔离电容的一端连接所述的音频传输线路，另一端连接所述的开关元件；所述音频传输线路在耳机插拔的过程中引入突变的直流电压，所述突变的直流电压通过所述隔离电容传输至所述的开关元件，控制所述开关元件动作，以将所述音频传输线路的电位拉低，即接近于零电平，从而阻断了杂音的输出。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和积极效果是：本发明通过在耳机的左右声道音频传输线路中增设杂音抑制电路，采用在耳机插拔的过程中拉低左右声道音频传输线路的电位的方式，来将耳机插拔过程中引入到音频传输线路中的直流电压阻断，避免其通过耳机扬声器输出，继而有效消除了由于所述直流电压的输出而产生的插拔杂音，改善了耳机用户的使用体验。与此同时，通过在所述杂音抑制电路中设计隔离电容，可以在有效抑制插拔杂音的基础上避免与耳机插接的主机侧的电量过度消耗，确保了主机的正常使用。本发明的电路设计结构简单、成本低廉，可以广泛应用在目前所有四段式线控类耳机的电路设计中，在彻底消除耳机插拔杂音的同时，不会使耳机的整体成本出现明显的提升。
结合附图阅读本发明实施方式的详细描述后，本发明的其他特点和优点将变得更加清楚。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是四段式线控类耳机的一种实施例的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明所提出的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路的一种实施例的电路原理图；
图3是将图2所示的音频处理电路应用在双插头线控类耳机中的一种实施例的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细地说明。
本实施例针对目前的线控类耳机，特别是四段式的线控类耳机，在其插拔过程中，由于耳机插头的左、右声道端子会经过并接触到主机的耳机插口中用于连接耳机插头的麦克风端子的电平上拉电路，因而在耳机的左、右声道音频传输线路上会突然引入一个直流电压，继而通过耳机的扬声器产生并输出一个杂音，影响了用户的使用体验。为了消除耳机在插拔过程中产生的杂音，本实施例设计杂音抑制电路，分别连接在耳机中用于传输左声道音频信号和右声道音频信号的音频传输线路上，以消除在耳机插拔过程中引入到所述音频传输线路中的直流电压，继而达到消除杂音的设计效果。
在本实施例的杂音抑制电路中设置有隔离电容和开关元件，耳机在插拔过程中突然引入到左、右声道音频传输线路中的直流电压可以通过所述的隔离电容传输至后续的开关元件，并实现对所述开关元件的驱动控制，使得所述开关元件能够在左、右声道的音频传输线路中突加直流电压时可以准确地动作，继而将所述直流电压下拉到地，避免其通过耳机的左声道扬声器和右声道扬声器输出，这样用户就不会听到杂音了。
下面以四段式线控类耳机为例，对本实施例的杂音抑制电路的具体电路组建结构进行详细地说明。
参见图1所示，本实施例的四段式线控类耳机主要包括耳机插头1、线控器2、左声道扬声器3和右声道扬声器4。其中，耳机插头1用于插接主机（例如手机等）的音频插口，接收主机输出的左、右声道音频信号，并通过线缆传输至线控器2，再经线控器2分别传送至左声道扬声器3和右声道扬声器4，进而实现对左、右声道音频信号的播放输出。
在本实施例中，所述耳机插头1分成四段，从外侧向内侧依次定义为左声道端子L、右声道端子R、麦克风端子MIC和接地端子GND。在连接左声道端子L的音频传输线路上增设一组所述的杂音抑制电路，用于消除耳机在插拔过程中引入到左声道音频传输线路中的直流电压；同时，在连接右声道端子R的音频传输线路上也增设一组所述的杂音抑制电路，用于消除耳机在插拔过程中引入到右声道音频传输线路中的直流电压。由此一来，用户在将耳机插入或者从主机上的耳机插口中拔出时，就不会再听到“噗噗”的杂音了。
具体来讲，可以将隔离电容的一端连接至所述的左声道或者右声道的音频传输线路上，另一端连接至开关元件的控制极。将所述开关元件的开关通路连接在所述的音频传输线路与地之间，当所述开关元件受控导通时，将所述音频传输线路的电位下拉到低，即接近于0V，从而阻断杂音的输出。
为了提高杂音抑制电路工作的可靠性，本实施例在所述杂音抑制电路中还设置有限流电阻和放电电阻，所述限流电阻可以连接在所述隔离电容与开关元件的控制极之间，放电电阻可以连接在开关元件的控制极与地之间，以保证对开关元件实现安全地通断控制。
参见图2所示，本实施例采用隔离电容C1、限流电阻R10、放电电阻R3和开关元件Q1形成第一组杂音抑制电路，连接在用于传输左声道音频信号的音频传输线路上。隔离电容C3、限流电阻R11、放电电阻R5和开关元件Q2形成第二组杂音抑制电路，连接在用于传输右声道音频信号的音频传输线路上。以第一组杂音抑制电路为例进行说明。在本实施例中，所述开关元件Q1可以是三极管、MOS管或者可控硅等电子元器件，本实施例以NPN型三极管为例进行说明。如图2所示，将NPN型三极管Q1的基极连接分压电路的分压节点，发射极接地，集电极连接所述的音频传输线路。
根据耳机在插拔过程中引入到所述音频传输线路中的直流电压的大小配置所述限流电阻R10和放电电阻R3的阻值，使所述直流电压在通过所述的隔离电容C1和限流电阻R10后，在所述放电电阻R3的两端形成的压降大于所述NPN型三极管Q1的导通电压，例如大于0.7V，优选接近三极管Q1的集电极电压，进而控制NPN型三极管Q1饱和导通，将所述直流电压下拉到地，阻断其通过左声道扬声器3输出。
在本实施例中，所述三极管Q1、Q2最好选择导通阻抗比较低的三极管器件。
本实施例在设计所述杂音抑制电路时，对于所述隔离电容C1、C3的参数值的选取，除了需要考虑耳机在插拔过程中引入到左右声道音频传输线路中的直流电压的大小以及开关元件的导通电压的大小以外，还应考虑左、右声道音频信号的频率。为了保证常规的左、右声道音频信号能够通过耳机扬声器3、4正常输出，本实施例在选择隔离电容C1、C3时，应遵循的参数取值原则是：在正常频率范围内的音频信号通过隔离电容C1、C3传输至所述开关元件Q1、Q2的控制极时，使施加到所述控制极的电流小于所述开关元件Q1、Q2的最小导通电流，以避免开关元件Q1、Q2因错误地导通，而将正常传输的左、右声道音频信号阻断掉。
以音频信号的正常频率范围在20Hz-20KHz（根据人耳的听力范围确定）之间为例，对隔离电容C1、C3的参数值选取进行举例说明如下：
根据电容的容抗计算公式：XC=1/（2πfC）=1/(2*3.1415*f*C)，可得
当隔离电容的电容值C=100pF、音频信号的频率f=20KHz时，
XC=1/(2*3.1415*20*103*1*10-10)=79580Ω≈80KΩ；
对于频率低于20KHz的信号，相应的电容容抗XC将会更大，所以只要满足f=20Khz时，保证开关元件Q1、Q2不导通，即可满足开关元件Q1、Q2在整个音频范围（20Hz-20KHz）内不导通，保证不影响正常音频信号的输出。
结合开关元件Q1、Q2的最小导通电流，配置所述限流电阻R10/R11和放电电阻R3/R5的阻值，使频率为20KHz的音频信号在经过隔离电容C1/C3、限流电阻R10/R11和放电电阻R3/R5后，电流不足以使开关元件Q1、Q2导通，这样就不会影响耳机正常工作时音频信号的正常输出。
只要20KHz的频点上能够满足以上要求，低于20KHz的音频信号也能满足上述要求。
在本实施例中，所述隔离电容C1/C3优选采用皮法级别的电容，例如采用几十皮法的陶瓷电容即可满足设计要求。所述限流电阻R10/R11的阻值优选在1KΩ以下；所述放电电阻R3/R5的阻值优选在10KΩ以上。
通过以上电路设计，当线控耳机的耳机插头1在主机的音频插口中插拔时，若主机侧的直流电压由于与耳机插头1的左声道端子L和/或右声道端子R接触，而引入到连接左、右声道端子L、R的音频传输线路中时，突变的直流电压将穿过隔离电容C1、C3传输至限流电阻R10、R11，进而控制三极管Q1、Q2导通。三极管Q1、Q2导通后，将所述音频传输线路与系统地接通，进而将音频传输线路中的直流电压泄放到地，避免其通过耳机扬声器3、4输出，产生杂音。
在耳机插头1完全插入到主机的音频插口后，通过主机输出的正常音频信号经由耳机中的音频传输线路传送至耳机扬声器3、4，此时由于隔离电容C1、C3的存在，可以避免开关元件Q1、Q2出现误动作。
此外，通过在所述杂音抑制电路中设计隔离电容C1、C3，在耳机插拔的时候，如果插拔不完全，比如耳机插头1在插入主机的音频插口时，耳机的左声道端子L在接触到主机的音频插口的麦克风端后不动了，如果没有所述的隔离电容C1、C3，就会导致连接在主机侧的麦克风端的直流电压通过导通的三极管Q1/Q2持续放电。在加入了所述的隔离电容C1、C3后，在接触的瞬间，由于电容两端的电压不能突变，因此，三极管Q1/Q2瞬时导通，直流电压通过三极管Q1/Q2放电；如果一直接触着，随着隔离电容C1/C3通过电阻R10、R3或R11、R5放电，使得三极管Q1/Q2的基极电压下降，当基极电压低于0.7V时，三极管Q1/Q2关断，主机侧的直流电压就不会持续通过三极管Q1/Q2放电了，由此便可以避免对主机侧电池电量的过度消耗。
本实施例的杂音抑制电路在一定程度上还可以起到消除在播放音频信号的过程中突然产生的尖峰干扰信号，具体可以通过选取合适容值范围的电容C1/C3以及合适阻值范围的电阻R10/R3/R11/R5来实现对一定范围内尖峰干扰信号的抑制。
此外，为了进一步提高通过耳机输出的音频信号的质量，本实施例在所述左声道音频传输线路以及右声道音频传输线路中还分别设置有阻容滤波电路，如图2所示。其中，电阻R1和电容C2连接形成第一组阻容滤波电路，连接在左声道音频传输线路中，对左声道音频信号进行滤波；电阻R6和电容C4连接形成第二组阻容滤波电路，连接在右声道音频传输线路中，对右声道音频信号进行滤波。具体来讲，电阻R1/R6可以串联在所述的音频传输线路中，电容C2/C4可以连接在所述的音频传输线路与地之间。通过在左、右声道音频传输线路中增设所述的阻容滤波电路，可以提高线控耳机的抗干扰能力，保证音频信号的质量。对于电阻R1/R6和电容C2/C4的参数取值，可以根据一些有针对性的标准要求来具体选择。
为了提高通过耳机上的麦克风采集到的音频信号的质量，本实施例在连接耳机插头1的麦克风端子MIC的麦克风传输线路中还设计有一π型滤波电路，如图2所示，主要由电容C5/C6和电感L1连接而成。其中，电感L1串联在所述的麦克风传输线路中，电容C5、C6对应连接在电感L1的两端，且另一端接地。
本实施例优选将所述的杂音抑制电路和滤波电路设置在线控耳机的线控器2中，结合图1、图2所示。将线控器2上的左声道音频输出端L_OUT通过线缆连接左声道扬声器3，输出左声道音频信号；将线控器2上的右声道音频输出端R_OUT通过线缆连接右声道扬声器4，输出右声道音频信号；将线控器2上的麦克风信号输入端MIC_IN通过线缆连接独立于线控器2的麦克风，或者直接与布设在线控器2上的麦克风连接，接收通过麦克风拾取的音频信号，并向主机侧传送。其中，左声道扬声器3和右声道扬声器4与线控器2是可拆卸式连接的，即左、右声道扬声器3、4组合为带插头的耳机喇叭，例如双耳式入耳耳塞，可以从该线控器2的音频插座上拔插，线控器2因此可以接纳多种耳机喇叭，本实施例的杂音抑制电路设置在线控器2上，对耳机喇叭内部的电路没有要求，因此，当没有任何杂音抑制电路的耳机喇叭，甚至是没任何电路（仅有通过传输线连接插头的扬声器）的耳机喇叭，插入该线控器2后，当线控器2通过耳机插头1在音源输出设备上拔插时，耳机喇叭同样听不到拔插杂音，可以获得良好的听音效果。
在所述线控器2上还可以进一步设置功能按键SW1、SW2、SW3，例如用于调节音量大小的功能按键、用于接听/挂机的功能按键等。为了对不同功能按键的操作状态进行准确地识别，将不同的功能按键与不同阻值的分压电阻相串联，例如将功能按键SW1与分压电阻R7串联，将功能按键SW2与分压电阻R8串联，将功能按键SW3与分压电阻R9串联；然后将各个串联支路连接在耳机插头1的麦克风端子MIC与地之间。当耳机插头1插入到主机的音频插口中时，主机侧为麦克风信号提供直流偏置的直流电压经由上拉电阻和麦克风端子MIC分别与各个所述的分压电阻R7-R9相连接。当其中一个功能按键SW1/SW2/SW3被按下时，上拉电阻和其中一个分压电阻R7/R8/R9所形成的分压电路连通，对所述的直流电压进行分压，此时只需检测麦克风端子MIC处的分压值，即可判断出是哪个功能按键SW1/SW2/SW3被按下，进而控制主机执行相应的动作，响应用户的操作。
在本实施例中，所述的功能按键SW1、SW2、SW3最好选择不具有自锁功能的机械式按键。所述分压电阻R7、R8、R9一般选择1000欧姆以内的阻值，具体要根据插入的主机端对各个按键按下时能进行识别的电压设定值进行选择。
图2所示的耳机电路仅支持一个插头的线控耳机，对于具有两个插头的线控耳机，可以在图2所示电路的基础上增加一个音频插座，如图3所示的音频插座Unite-2，具体可以布设在耳机的线控器2上。所述音频插座Unite-2可以是一个四段式的音频插座，音频插座Unite-2中设置有左声道引脚HL、右声道引脚HR、麦克风引脚mic和接地引脚G。将所述音频插座Unite-2的左声道引脚HL连接线控器2的左声道音频输出端L_OUT，右声道引脚HR连接线控器2的右声道音频输出端R_OUT，麦克风引脚mic连接线控器2的麦克风信号输入端MIC_IN，接地引脚G通过一个具有自锁功能的按键SW4接地。
在将另一个四段式线控耳机的耳机插头插入到所述的音频插座Unite-2中后，当按键SW4没有按下时，接地引脚G是开路的，所以此时插入的耳机没有接地，就没有音频信号输出，这样也就避免了当将另一只耳机插入音频插座Unite-2中时出现的插拔杂音。当按键SW4按下，接地引脚G良好接地后，插入的线控耳机才能正常使用，输出左、右声道音频信号，并接收麦克风信号。当来电话时，若不想让插入到音频插座Unite-2中的耳机听到此次通话，可以将按键SW4断开，待通话结束后，再按下所述的按键SW4，继续接通另外一路耳机。
本实施例所提出耳机电路，不需要使用额外的电源供电，只需要其插入的主机侧为麦克风端子MIC提供的直流偏置电压进行相应的驱动即可，电路设计简单，成本低廉，彻底消除了耳机在插拔过程中产生的杂音，可以很好地提升耳机用户的满意度。
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：在所述耳机中用于传输左声道音频信号和右声道音频信号的音频传输线路上分别连接有一杂音抑制电路，在所述杂音抑制电路中设置有隔离电容和开关元件；其中，所述隔离电容的一端连接所述的音频传输线路，另一端连接所述的开关元件；在耳机拔插前后，所述开关元件断开，在耳机插拔的过程中，引入的突变的直流电压通过所述隔离电容传输至所述的开关元件，所述开关元件导通，所述音频传输线路通过所述开关元件的开关通路接地。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：所述隔离电容通过一串联的限流电阻连接所述开关元件的控制极，所述开关元件的控制极通过一放电电阻接地；所述限流电阻和放电电阻的阻值满足：在使所述突变的直流电压通过所述的隔离电容和限流电阻后，在所述放电电阻的两端形成的压降使得所述开关元件导通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：所述限流电阻的阻值在1KΩ以下；所述放电电阻的阻值在10KΩ以上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：所述开关元件为NPN型三极管，所述三极管的基极连接所述的限流电阻，集电极连接所述的音频传输线路，发射极接地。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：所述隔离电容的参数取值原则是：在正常频率范围内的音频信号通过隔离电容传输至所述开关元件的控制极时，使施加到所述控制极的电流小于所述开关元件的最小导通电流。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：所述音频信号的正常频率范围是20Hz-20KHz；所述隔离电容为皮法级电容。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：在所述用于传输左声道音频信号和右声道音频信号的音频传输线路中还分别连接有一阻容滤波电路；在连接所述耳机的麦克风端子的麦克风传输线路中连接有一由电容和电感形成的π型滤波电路。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：所述音频处理电路布设在耳机的线控器中，在所述线控器上设置有多个功能按键，不同的功能按键与不同阻值的分压电阻串联后，分别连接在耳机插头的麦克风端子与地之间，所述功能按键为无自锁功能的机械式按键。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路，其特征在于：在所述线控器上还设置有一音频插座，在所述音频插座中设置有左声道引脚、右声道引脚、麦克风引脚和接地引脚；其中，所述左声道引脚连接线控器的左声道音频输出端，所述左声道音频输出端通过线缆连接左声道扬声器；所述右声道引脚连接线控器的右声道音频输出端，所述右声道音频输出端通过线缆连接右声道扬声器；所述麦克风引脚连接布设在线控器上的麦克风或者连接线控器的麦克风信号输入端，所述麦克风信号输入端通过线缆连接麦克风；所述接地引脚通过一具有自锁功能的按键接地。
  10. 一种线控耳机，其特征在于：在所述线控耳机中设置有如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的用于消除耳机插拔杂音的音频处理电路。
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CN111641896A (zh) * 2019-03-01 2020-09-08 铁三角有限公司 头戴式耳机
CN113891218A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-01-04 北京快鱼电子股份公司 一种麦克风及用于麦克风通道切换的噪声消除装置
CN113891218B (zh) * 2021-09-30 2024-04-30 北京快鱼电子股份公司 一种麦克风及用于麦克风通道切换的噪声消除装置

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