Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/45—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table; Aluminates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones
  • C11D3/3742—Nitrogen containing silicones
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
  • D06M15/6436—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing amino groups
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/50—Modified hand or grip properties; Softening compositions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to methods for treating a textile under industrial and institutional fabric care conditions to impart softness within a single wash cycle and/or rinse cycle.
• Compositions for boosting a liquid or solid softening or conditioning compositions are also provided. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods for softening a textile within a wash cycle and/or rinse cycle employing a softening booster.
• Fabric softening compositions are known to comprise major amounts of water, lesser amounts of fabric softening agents, such as quaternary ammonium
• compositions are aqueous suspensions or emulsions that are conveniently added to the rinsing bath of residential washing machines to improve the softness of the laundered fabrics.
• Softening traits are a highly desired combination of properties for textiles such as fibers and fabrics, both woven and non-woven.
• softness it is meant the quality perceived by users through their tactile sense to be soft.
• Such tactile perceivable softness may be characterized by, but not limited to resilience, flexibility, fluffiness, slipperiness, and smoothness and subjective descriptions such as “feeling like silk or flannel.”
• industrial and institutional it is meant that the operations are located in the service industry including but not limited to hotels, motels, hospitals, nursing homes, restaurants, health clubs, large scale industrial applications and the like.
• the methods of softening textiles use a boosted fabric softening system within a single rinse cycle.
• An advantage of the invention is that combined compositions for conditioning fabrics and methods thereof are suitable for boosting fabric conditioning or softness during the rinse cycle of industrial or institutional laundering operations.
• the boosted compositions, and methods of use thereof, according to the invention provide improved softness within a single wash cycle and/or rinse cycle, beneficially imparting to laundered fabrics a texture or hand that is smooth pliable and fluffy to the touch (i.e. soft).
• the softening boosting according to the invention can be used during a rinse cycle following a wash cycle or used with a rinse cycle alone (i. e. boosting softness of clean, previously laundered fabrics).
• the methods according to the invention provide softness to treated fabrics at least equivalent to consumer home use or residential softeners.
• the methods according to the invention may provide additional benefits to treated fabrics, including for example, static control, reduced discoloring (i.e. yellowing), dulling and/or fading especially when the fabrics are washed in a high alkaline detergent and/or dried in an automatic dryer at industrial and institutional conditions.
• static control reduced discoloring (i.e. yellowing)
• dulling and/or fading especially when the fabrics are washed in a high alkaline detergent and/or dried in an automatic dryer at industrial and institutional conditions.
• the present invention provides methods of softening fabrics during the rinse cycle of industrial or institutional laundering operations.
• the softening booster compositions of the invention are used in combination with a fabric conditioning composition to impart to laundered fabrics a texture or hand that is smooth pliable and fluffy to the touch (i.e. soft), especially when the fabrics are washed in a high alkaline detergent and/or dried in an automatic dryer at industrial and institutional conditions.
• a fabric conditioning composition to impart to laundered fabrics a texture or hand that is smooth pliable and fluffy to the touch (i.e. soft), especially when the fabrics are washed in a high alkaline detergent and/or dried in an automatic dryer at industrial and institutional conditions.
• the methods of softening provide an improved softness over conventional fabric conditioning / softening compositions alone during a single rinse cycle of the laundering operation.
• the present invention provides systems for softening, including a combination of a fabric conditioning composition comprising one or more softening agents selected from quaternary ammonium components and amino- functionalized silicone compounds, and a softening booster composition comprising a clay-based booster, a quaternary ammonium booster or a sucrose ester booster for use in an industrial and institutional fabric care operation.
• a fabric conditioning composition comprising one or more softening agents selected from quaternary ammonium components and amino- functionalized silicone compounds
• a softening booster composition comprising a clay-based booster, a quaternary ammonium booster or a sucrose ester booster for use in an industrial and institutional fabric care operation.
• the systems of the present invention imparts softness superior to commercial or residential softeners.
• FIGS. 1-40 depict graphs showing rank sum ratings for softening boosters evaluated in Example 1 according to embodiments of the invention (high values correlate to softer panel evaluation results).
• FIG. 41 is a graph evaluating wicking (rating of water absorbency) resulting from evaluated softening boosters according to embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 42 is a graph evaluating distance of dye travel (another wicking rating of water absorbency) resulting from softening boosters according to embodiments of the invention wherein timing of boosters were evaluated.
• FIG. 43 is a graph showing the average softness rating by towel evaluating softening boosters according to embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 44 shows a graph with rank sum ratings for softening boosters evaluated according to embodiments of the invention (high values correlate to softer panel evaluation results).
• FIG. 45 shows a graph measuring average softness ratings by various conditions of adding softening boosters according to embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 46 shows a graph with rank sum ratings for softening boosters evaluated according to embodiments of the invention (high values correlate to softer panel evaluation results).
• the present invention relates to methods for conditioning fabrics and boosting fabric softness during the rinse cycle of industrial or institutional laundering operations, providing numerous advantages over conventional industrial or institutional laundering operations. For example, softness is imparted within a single wash cycle and is suitable for withstanding the harsh conditions of industrial or institutional laundering operations.
• the embodiments of this invention are not limited to particular preferred methods and/or boosted fabric conditioning compositions, which can vary and are understood by skilled artisans. It is further to be understood that all terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting in any manner or scope. For example, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a,” “an” and “the” can include plural referents unless the content clearly indicates otherwise. Further, all units, prefixes, and symbols may be denoted in its SI accepted form.
• actives or “percent actives” or “percent by weight actives” or “actives concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refers to the concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning or fabric softening expressed as a percentage minus inert ingredients such as water or salts.
• actives or “percent actives” or “percent by weight actives” or “actives concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refers to the concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning or fabric softening expressed as a percentage minus inert ingredients such as water or salts.
• percentage of active ingredients is included by the manufacture.
• 100% of a final composition is comprised of emulsion X and if emulsion X contains 60% of the active component X, we would say that the final composition contained 60% active component X.
• laundry refers to items or articles that are cleaned in a laundry washing machine.
• laundry refers to any item or article made from or including textile materials, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics.
• the textile materials can include natural or synthetic fibers such as silk fibers, linen fibers, cotton fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers such as nylon, acrylic fibers, acetate fibers, and blends thereof including cotton and polyester blends.
• the fibers can be treated or untreated. Exemplary treated fibers include those treated for flame retardency.
• linen is often used to describe certain types of laundry items including bed sheets, pillow cases, towels, table linen, table cloth, bar mops and uniforms.
• the invention additionally provides a composition and method for treating non-laundry articles and surfaces including hard surfaces such as dishes, glasses, and other ware.
• weight percent refers to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as used here, “percent,” “%,” and the like are intended to be synonymous with “weight percent,” “wt-%,” etc.
• compositions of the present invention may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the components and ingredients of the present invention as well as other ingredients described herein.
• consisting essentially of means that the methods and compositions may include additional steps, components or ingredients, but only if the additional steps, components or ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed methods and compositions.
• Exemplary dosing the softening booster compositions for use in a single rinse cycle is set forth below according to the invention in Table 1 in an actives weight percentage of softening booster in use solution indexed to the actives weight percentage of the fabric softening composition.
• the softening booster compositions are dosed at the actives weight percentage shown in Table 1 on top of the softening actives employed in the fabric conditioning compositions.
• the ratio of the softening booster composition employed to the fabric conditioning composition is in an actives ratio of from about 1: 1 to about 4:1, from about 1 : 1 to about 3 : 1 , or from about 1 : 1 to about 2: 1.
• the ratio of softening booster composition employed to the fabric conditioning composition is in an actives ratio of from about 1:1 to about 1:4, from about 1:1 to about 1:3, or from about 1:1 to about 1:2.
• the actives ratio of the softening booster composition to fabric conditioning composition about 1: 1 to about 2:1.
• the use of the softening booster compositions according to the invention provide a soft, non-yellowing, non-greasy feel to treated fabrics and textiles. Beneficially, such results are achieved in a single rinse cycle.
• the softening booster compositions may include concentrate compositions or may be diluted to form use compositions.
• a concentrate refers to a composition that is intended to be diluted with water to provide a use solution that contacts an object to provide the desired softening boost.
• the softening booster compositions that contacts the articles to be washed can be referred to as a concentrate or a use composition (or use solution) dependent upon the formulation employed in methods according to the invention.
• a use solution may be prepared from a concentrate by diluting the concentrate with water at a dilution ratio that provides a use solution having desired detersive properties.
• the water that is used to dilute the concentrate to form the use composition can be referred to as water of dilution or a diluent, and can vary from one location to another.
• the typical dilution factor is between approximately 1 and approximately 10,000.
• the softening booster is a water insoluble clay.
• Clays are
• Clay softening booster compositions may include kaolin clays (namely heat-treated kaolins), smectite clays (namely multi-layer smectites), hectorite clays, bentonite clays, illite clays and other silicates.
• the clay softening booster compositions provide improved fabric softening characteristics in combination with fabric conditioning compositions within a single wash cycle.
• the clay softening booster compositions may also be referred to as clays or clay minerals.
• the clay softening booster compositions according to the invention provide additional softening improvement over the use of fabric-softening technologies alone.
• the softness achieved requires only a single wash cycle as opposed to multiple wash / rinse cycles expected through additive use of detergents and conditional compositions.
• the addition of the clay as a booster removes the limitations associated with phase instability ⁇ e.g. distinct phases), such as commercial or consumer compositions requiring the re- suspending of the clay in a formulation.
• the softness is achieved in a single wash cycle as the clay-based softness boosting composition added first to fabric allows the clay to contact the fabric prior to adding the positively-charged quaternary ammonium compound- containing fabric conditioning composition.
• the clay softening booster helps with additional quat deposition, wherein the negative charge of the booster attracts the positive quat from the fabric softening composition.
• smectite clays are preferred clay softening booster compositions.
• Smectite clays include alkali and alkaline earth metal montmorillonites, saponites and hectorites.
• bentonite clays are preferred clay softening booster compositions.
• Bentonite clays include alkali and alkaline earth metal bentonites, including aluminum phyllosilicate (consisting mostly of montmorillonites).
• the clay softening booster compositions may be heat treated. In another aspect, the clay softening booster compositions may be purified and/or refined. In another aspect, the clay softening booster compositions may be crystalized in multi-layer clays. In preferred aspect, the clay softening booster compositions provide thixotrpy, viscosity control and are stable in suspension.
• the clays have an ion-exchange capacity of at least 50 meq per 100 grams of clay, generally 70 meq/lOOg, and are inpalpable in terms of particle size (from about 5-50 microns).
• Examples of commercially-available clay softening booster compositions include: Gelwhite GP (sodium montmorillonite), and Gelwhite L (highly pure calcium
• montmorillonite both available from Southern Clay Products (Gonzales, TX). Additional disclosure of suitable clay softening booster compositions is set forth, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,632,768, EP 0150531, EP 0164797, DE 2,334,899, and UK 1,400,898 each of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• Clay softening booster compositions can also be provided in the form of clay agglomerates, including variations in particle size.
• Clay softening booster compositions are preferably added to a rinse cycle prior to the dosing of additional softening compositions.
• the clay softening booster compositions can also be added simultaneously with additional softening compositions, or alternatively after such dosing.
• a single rinse cycle with the fabric softening compositions disclosed herein is employed to achieve the beneficial softening, wherein the clay softening booster compositions are 10% active solutions that are added at an actives concentration level of at least about 1 % to about 25% to fabric softening composition dose.
• the clay softening booster compositions are provided at an actives level of about 5% to about 20% to fabric softening composition dose, or about 10% to about 20% to fabric softening composition dose.
• the softening booster is a quaternary ammonium compound.
• the quaternary ammonium compound may be based on a hydrogenated tallow amine.
• the quaternary ammonium compound is an alkylated quaternary ammonium compound.
• the compound is a dialkyl quaternary ammonium compound.
• the dialkyl quaternary compound has the general formula [R-N(CH 3 ) 2 -R] wherein R is a straight alkyl chain (C16-C18).
• the softening booster is a di(hydrogenated
• DHTDMAC tallowalkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride
• the quaternary ammonium softening booster is particularly suitable for boosting softness when used in combination with the fabric conditioning compositions disclosed herein.
• the quaternary ammonium softening booster unexpectedly provides improved softening when used with an ester quaternary ammonium compound fabric softening composition.
• Quaternary ammonium softening booster compositions are preferably added to a wash cycle, more preferably a single wash cycle with the fabric softening compositions disclosed herein, at an actives concentration level in use of at least about 0.1% to about 40% to fabric softening composition dose, from about 1% to about 40% to fabric softening composition dose.
• the clay softening booster compositions are provided at an actives level of about 5% to about 40%, or about 5% to about 30%, or about 5% to about 25% to fabric softening composition dose.
• the softening booster is a sucrose fatty acid ester.
• the sucrose fatty acid esters are preferably non-ionic emulsifiers based on sucrose and a combination of stearate, palmitate, laurate, distearate, and/or tetrastearate triacetate.
• the sucrose fatty acid ester is both non-ionic and non-PEG.
• sucrose fatty acid esters include sucrose laurate, sucrose palmitate, sucrose stearate, sucrose distearate, sucrose polystearate, sucrose tetrastearate triacetate, polyglycerol monostearate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan palmitate, polyglycerol and the like.
• the sucrose fatty acid ester softening booster is particularly suitable for boosting softening when used in combination with the fabric conditioning compositions disclosed herein.
• the sucrose fatty acid ester softening booster unexpectedly provides improved softening when used in sequence after the quaternary ammonium fabric softening composition.
• the step of contacting the fabric with a fatty acid ester softness boosting compositions is a second dosing for softness after contacting the fabric with the fabric conditioning composition.
• the subsequent dosing may take place a few seconds to a few minutes after the fabric conditioning composition, such as from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes, or preferably from about 2 minutes to about 3 minutes.
• the softening booster is a sucrose ester sold under the tradename Sisterna® available from Sisterna BV, including the following: L70-C (aqua, sucrose laurate, alcohol); PS750-C (sucrose palmitate); SP70-C (sucrose stearate); SP50-C (sucrose palmitate); SP30-C (sucrose distearate); SP10-C (sucrose polystearate); SP01-C (sucrose polystearate); and AIOE-C (sucrose tetrastearate triacetate).
• Sucrose fatty acid ester softening booster compositions are preferably added to a wash cycle, more preferably a single wash cycle with the fabric softening compositions disclosed herein, at an actives concentration level of at least about 1 % to about 20% to fabric softening composition dose.
• the clay softening booster compositions are provided at an actives level of about 5% to about 20%, or about 5% to about 10% to fabric softening composition dose.
• a fabric conditioning composition may comprise at least the following components: a quaternary ammonium compound and a silicone component, preferably an amino-functionalized silicone compound.
• Fabric conditioning compositions may further comprise, consist of and/or consist essentially of a quaternary ammonium compound, the silicone component, surfactants, carriers, solidification agents ⁇ e.g. urea, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0030882 for solid fabric conditioner compositions) and various additional functional ingredients.
• fabric softener or “fabric conditioner” shall be understood to mean an industrial product added to the wash or rinse cycle of a laundry process for the express or primary purpose of conferring one or more conditioning benefits.
• Fabric conditioning compositions employed according to the invention may be provided in liquid and/or solid formulations.
• fabric conditioning compositions can take the form of a dilutable fabric conditioner, that may be a molded solid, a tablet, a powder, a block, a bar, or any other solid fabric conditioner form known to those skilled in the art.
• a "dilutable fabric conditioning" composition is defined, for the purposes of this disclosure, as a product intended to be used by being diluted with water or a non-aqueous solvent by a ratio of more than 100: 1, to form a treatment suitable for treating textiles and conferring to them one or more conditioning benefits.
• Particularly preferred forms include conditioner products, especially as a solid, intended for application as a fabric softener during the wash cycle or the final rinse.
• the fabric conditioning compositions can also take the form of a fabric softener intended to be applied to articles without substantial dilution and sold as any form known to those skilled in the art as a potential medium for delivering such fabric softeners to the industrial and institutional market.
• a fabric softener intended to be applied to articles without substantial dilution and sold as any form known to those skilled in the art as a potential medium for delivering such fabric softeners to the industrial and institutional market.
• powders for direct application to fabrics are also considered within the scope of this disclosure. Such examples, however, are provided for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.
• the preferred pH range of the composition for shelf stability is between about 2 and about 8.
• the pH is dependent upon the specific components of the composition of the invention.
• a softening agent of the fabric conditioning composition is a quaternary ammonium
• quaternary ammonium compounds include alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds, ring or cyclic quaternary ammonium compounds, aromatic quaternary ammonium compounds, diquaternary ammonium compounds, alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds, amidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds, ester quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof.
• Exemplary alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds include ammonium compounds having an alkyl group containing between 6 and 24 carbon atoms.
• Exemplary alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds include monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds, monomethyl trialkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, and dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds.
• the alkyl group can be a C8-C22 group or a C8-C18 group or a C12-C22 group that is aliphatic and saturated or unsaturated or straight or branched, an alkyl group, a benzyl group, an alkyl ether propyl group, hydrogenated-tallow group, coco group, stearyl group, palmityl group, and soya group.
• exemplary ring or cyclic quaternary ammonium compounds include imidazolinium quaternary ammonium compounds.
• Exemplary imidazolinium quaternary ammonium compounds include methyl- lhydr. tallow amido ethyl-2-hydr. tallow imidazolinium-methyl sulfate, methyl- 1 -tallow amido ethyl-2-tallow imidazolinium-methyl sulfate, methyl- 1-oleyl amido ethyl-2-oleyl imidazolinium-methyl sulfate, and 1-ethylene bis(2-tallow, 1-methyl, imidazolinium- methyl sulfate).
• Exemplary aromatic quaternary ammonium compounds include those compounds that have at least one benzene ring in the structure.
• Exemplary aromatic quaternary ammonium compounds include dimethyl alkyl benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds, monomethyl dialkyl benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds, trimethyl benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds, and trialkyl benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds.
• the alkyl group can contain between about 6 and about 24 carbon atoms, and can contain between about 10 and about 18 carbon atoms, and can be a stearyl group or a hydrogenated tallow group.
• the aromatic quaternary ammonium compounds can include multiple benzyl groups.
• Diquaternary ammonium compounds include those compounds that have at least two quaternary ammonium groups.
• An exemplary diquaternary ammonium compound is N-tallow pentamethyl propane diammonium dichloride.
• alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds include methyldialkoxy alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, trialkoxy alkyl quaternary ammonium
• alkyl group can contain between about 6 and about 24 carbon atoms and the alkoxy groups can contain between about 1 and about 50 alkoxy groups units wherein each alkoxy unit contains between about 2 and about 3 carbon atoms.
• Exemplary amidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds include diamidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds.
• Exemplary amidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds that can be used according to the invention are methyl-bis (tallow amidoethyl)- 2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, methyl bis(oleylamidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, and methyl bis (hydr.tallowamidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate.
• ester quaternary ammonium compounds include, for example, those commercially- availabel from Stepan and Evonik under the tradenames Stepantex® VL 90, Stepantex® SP 90,Stepantex® VT 90, Rewopol® WE- 16 and Rewopol® WE- 18..
• the quaternary ammonium compounds can include any counter ion that allows the component to be used in a manner that imparts fabric- softening properties according to the invention.
• exemplary counter ions include chloride, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, and sulfate.
• the amount of active quaternary ammonium component can range from about 2% to about 55%, from about 5% to about 50%, in preferred aspects from about 30% to about 55%, or from about 30% to about 45%, by weight of the total fabric conditioning composition in a solid composition. In other preferred aspects from about 2% to about 35%, or from about 6% to about 25%, by weight of the total fabric conditioning composition in a liquid composition. In addition, without being limited according to the invention, all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers defining the range.
• the quaternary ammonium component is an ester quaternary ammonium
• the preferred pH is somewhat lower because the ester linkages may break with higher pHs.
• compositions of the invention that include ester quaternary ammoniums have a pH in the range of between about 3 and about 6, more preferably in the range of between about 4 and about 5.
• Amidoamine quaternary ammoniums tolerate a somewhat higher pH and as such compositions of the invention that include amidoamine quaternary ammoniums will likely have a pH in the range of between about 3 and about 8.
• the conditioning bath pH can often be less important, as the kinetics of quaternary ammonium component decomposition are often slow, and the time of one conditioning cycle is typically not sufficient to allow for this reaction to have a significant impact on the performance or odor of the product.
• a lower pH can also aid in the formulation of higher-viscosity products.
• An additional softening agent of the fabric conditioning composition is a silicone compound.
• the silicone compound of the invention can be a linear or branched structured silicone polymer.
• the silicone of the present invention can be a single polymer or a mixture of polymers.
• the silicone component may include an amino functional silicone compounds.
• Amino functional silicones are also referred to herein as amino-functional silicone compounds.
• the amino-functional silicone of the invention can be a linear or branched structured amino-functional silicone polymer.
• the amino-functional silicone of the present invention can be a single polymer or a mixture of polymers, including a mixture of polymers wherein one of the polymers contains no amino functionality, e.g. , a
• the amount of active silicone component can range from about 0.05% to about 40%, from about 5% to about 20%, or from about 5% to about 10%, by weight of the total fabric conditioning composition in either solid or liquid compositions.
• all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers defining the range.
• the fabric softening composition can comprise at least one surfactant system.
• surfactants can be used in the composition of the invention, including preferably nonionic and quaternary surfactants, which are commercially available from a number of sources.
• the fabric softening composition comprises a surfactant system in an amount between about 5-20 wt-%, preferably between about 5-10 wt-%.
• Nonionic surfactants useful in the fabric conditioning compositions include those having a polyalkylene oxide polymer as a portion of the surfactant molecule.
• Such nonionic surfactants include, for example, chlorine-, benzyl-, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl- and other like alkyl-capped polyethylene glycol ethers of fatty alcohols; polyalkylene oxide free nonionics such as alkyl polyglycosides; sorbitan and sucrose esters and their ethoxylates; alkoxylated ethylene diamine; alcohol alkoxylates such as alcohol ethyoxylate propoxylates, alcohol propoxylates, alcohol propoxylate ethoxylate propoxylates, alcohol ethoxylate butoxylates, and the like; nonylphenol ehtoxylate, polyoxyethylene glycol ethers and the like; carboxylic acid esters such as clyerol esters, polyoxyethylene ester, eth
• polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides and the like; and polyalkylene oxide block copolymers including an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer such as those commercially available under the trademark PLURONIC® (BASF), and the like; and other like nonionic compounds.
• polyalkylene oxide block copolymers including an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer such as those commercially available under the trademark PLURONIC® (BASF), and the like; and other like nonionic compounds.
• quaternary surfactants which include, for example,
• lauryldimoniumhydroxypropyl decylglucosides chloride lauryldimoniumhydroxypropyl laurylglucosides chloride, stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl decylglucosides chloride, stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl laurylglucosides chloride, cocoglucosides
• hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride laurylglucosides hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, laurylglucosides hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, lauryldimoniumhydroxypropyl cocoglucosides chloride, stearyldimoniumhydroxypropyl laurylglucosides chloride, polyoxypropylene methyl diethylammonium chloride, and the like.
• the carrier component of the fabric conditioning compositions can be any components that help to contain the softening agents within the composition, and allows the softening agents to form a treatment suitable for treating textiles and conferring to them one or more conditioning benefits.
• the carrier component is mixed with the softening agents and can be melted, mixed, and allowed to solidify to form a desired shape.
• Exemplary techniques for forming the composition of the present invention include injection molding, casting, solution mixing, extrusion, and melt mixing. In general, it may be desirable for the carrier component and the softening agents to be soluble in each other, and sufficiently water soluble to allow water solubility induced movement of the composition during treatment.
• the carrier component can be selected to provide the fabric conditioning composition as a either a liquid or solid during treatment.
• Exemplary polymers that can be used as the carrier component include
• polyalkylenes such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and random and/or block copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene; polyesters such as polyethylene glycol and
• biodegradable polymers such as polylactide and polyglycolic acid; polyurethanes;
• polyamides polycarbonates; polysulfonates; polysiloxanes; polydienes such as polybutylene, natural rubbers, and synthetic rubbers; polyacrylates such as
• polymethylmethacrylate polymethylmethacrylate
• additional polymers such as polystyrene and polystyrene
• Preferred carriers for solid formulations include polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 4000 (PEG-4000) to about 8000 (PEG-8000).
• Some short chain alcohols are present in commercially available quaternary ammonium compound products. Such products can be used in the preparation of preferred aqueous compositions of the present invention.
• the short chain alcohols are normally present in such products at a level of from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the aqueous compositions.
• the amount of carrier in the composition includes up to about 95% by weight, more preferably up to about 80% by weight, and most preferably up to about 60% by weight.
• the amount of carrier in the composition can include about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % carrier, preferably about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % carrier, based on the total weight of the composition.
• all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers defining the range.
• the softening booster compositions and/or fabric conditioning compositions including additional functional ingredients.
• the softening booster compositions and/or fabric conditioning compositions including additional functional ingredients.
• few or no additional functional ingredients are disposed therein the softening booster compositions and/or fabric conditioning compositions.
• additional functional ingredients may be employed within the detergent compositions, bleaching compositions or the like employed within the laundering process.
• Functional ingredients provide desired properties and functionalities to the various compositions employed according to the invention.
• the term "functional ingredient” includes a material that when dispersed or dissolved in a use and/or concentrate solution, such as an aqueous solution, provides a beneficial property in a particular use.
• a broad variety of functional ingredients may be used, including for example, fragrances (e.g.
• perfumes) and/or dyes odor capturing agents, anti-static agents, fiber protection agents, anti-wrinkling agents, soil release agents, optical brighteners, UV protection agents, anti- pilling agents, water repellency agents, disinfecting and/or sanitizing agents, scouring agents, insect repellants, defoaming agents, anti-redeposition agents, bleaching agents, solubility modifiers, dispersants, rinse aids, stabilizing agents, freeze-thaw control agents, shrinkage control agents, additional sequestrants and/or chelating agents, surfactants, rheology modifiers or thickeners to provide viscosity control, hydrotropes or couplers, buffers, solvents, dye scavengers, molecular chelants, sequestering agents and the like.
• the various additional functional ingredients if used in either the softening booster compositions and/or fabric conditioning compositions, are added at their usual levels, generally each of up to about 10% or preferably up to about 5% by weight of the composition.
• Fabrics that can be processed according to the methods of the invention include any textile or fabric material that can be processed in an industrial dryer for the removal of water. Fabrics are often referred to as laundry in the case of industrial laundry operations. While the invention is characterized in the context of softening "fabric," it should be understood that items or articles that include fabric could similarly be treated. In addition, it should be understood that items such as towels, sheets, and clothing are often referred to as laundry and are types of fabrics.
• Textiles that benefit by treatment of the method of the present invention are exemplified by (i) natural fibers such as cotton, flax, silk and wool; (ii) synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyurethane; and (iii) inorganic fibers such as glass fiber and carbon fiber.
• the textile treated by the method of the present invention is a fabric produced from any of the above-mentioned fibrous materials or blends thereof.
• the textile is a cotton-containing fabric such as cotton or a cotton-polyester blend.
• Additional laundry items that can be treated include athletic shoes, accessories, stuffed animals, brushes, mats, hats, gloves, outerwear, tarpaulins, tents, and curtains.
• the laundry items useful according to the present invention must be able to withstand the high temperature conditions found in an industrial dryer.
• the dryers utilized according to the invention can be used include any type of dryer that uses heat and/or agitation and/or air flow to remove water from the laundry.
• An exemplary dryer includes a tumble-type dryer where the laundry is provided within a rotating drum that causes the laundry to tumble during the operation of the dryer. Tumble- type dryers are commonly found in industrial and institutional sector laundry operations.
• compositions and systems of the invention are particularly useful in harsher conditions found in industrial and institutional settings.
• industrial and institutional it is meant that the operations are located in the service industry including but not limited to hotels, motels, restaurants, health clubs, healthcare, and the like. Dryers in such operations operate at substantially higher temperatures than those found in the consumer or residential market. It is expected that industrial or commercial dryers operate at maximum fabric temperatures that are typically provided in the range of between about 180 degrees Fahrenheit and about 270 degrees Fahrenheit, and consumer or residential dryers often operate at maximum fabric temperatures of between about 120 degrees Fahrenheit and about 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Industrial and institutional dryers operate in the range of about 180 degrees Fahrenheit up to about 270 degrees Fahrenheit, more preferably, about 220 degrees up to about 260 degrees Fahrenheit, and most preferably about 240 degrees Fahrenheit up to about 260 degrees Fahrenheit. It is generally understood that drying temperatures may change with new drying technologies.
• the softening booster compositions according to the invention are added at a point of use to boost or improve softening in comparison to laundering application employing a fabric conditioning composition alone.
• the softening booster compositions are added either before or after the fabric softening composition (i.e. separate dosing into a machine).
• Exemplary methods of use may include the following general steps: (a) washing the fabrics in an alkaline detergent composition; (b) contacting the fabric with an optional bleaching composition; (c) contacting the fabric with the fabric conditioning agent and/or the softness boosting composition, such that the two composition are preferably dosed separately into the machine within the same rinse cycle, preferably in the last final rinse solution; (d) optionally rinsing the fabric and draining the fabric; and (e) drying the fabric.
• previously laundered and/or bleached fabrics may be softened according to the invention.
• the following general steps will take place: (a) contacting the fabric with the fabric conditioning agent and/or the softness boosting composition, such that the two composition are preferably dosed separately into the machine within the same rinse cycle, preferably in the last final rinse solution; (b) optionally rinsing the fabric and draining the fabric; and (c) drying the fabric.
• the step of washing the fabrics in a detergent includes the use of a detergent having a pH range of about 7 to about 14.
• the washing of fabric has a wash pH greater than 9, or great than 10.
• the alkaline detergent may include additional bleaching and/or rinsing aid components as are customary in the field of industrial or intuitional laundering applications.
• the present invention is not limited with respect to the detergency step of the application of use.
• the step of contacting the fabric with a softness boosting compositions according to the invention include separate dosing of the composition form the fabric conditioning composition.
• the softness boosting composition is added prior to the addition of the fabric conditioning composition.
• a clay-based softness boosting composition is added first to fabric to allow the clay to contact the fabric prior to adding the positively-charged quaternary ammonium compound-containing fabric conditioning composition.
• the separation of the dosing may be for a matter of a few seconds to a few minutes, such as from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes, or preferably from about 2 minutes to about 3 minutes.
• the step of contacting the fabric with a liquid or solid fabric conditioning composition includes adding the composition to a dryer containing washed fabrics after the first step of washing the fabrics.
• the fabric conditioning composition may comprise, consist of and/or consist essentially of (i) a silicone compound, preferably an amino-functional silicone, (i) an quaternary ammonium compound, and (iii) optionally one or more agents selected from the group consisting of water, surfactant, viscosity controlling agent, fragrance, anti-static agent, dye transfer inhibition/color protection agent, odor removal/odor capturing agent, soil shielding/soil releasing agent, ultraviolet light protection agents, sanitizing agent, disinfecting agent, water repellency agents, insect repellency agent, anti-pilling agents, souring agent, mildew removing agent, enzyme, allergicide agent, starch agent, bleaching agent, optical brightness agent, dye scavengers, molecular chelants, sequestering agents and mixtures thereof.
• the dosing of the softness boosting composition and the fabric conditioning composition can be in a liquid, powder or solid composition (or combinations of the same as between the two compositions).
• the compositions can be delivered via various methods as are customary for industrial and institutional laundering operations. Both liquid and solid capsules and/or blocks are preferred delivery methods. While all delivery methods work to deliver the compositions to the fabric, it is believed that liquid delivery methods lead to higher levels of deposition of the compositions on the fabric.
• the methods do not require a rinse and/or draining step before drying.
• the step of adding the softness boosting composition and the fabric conditioning composition in a rinse cycle include the combining of the compositions having a use pH from about 2 to about 8 (fabric conditioning composition) and from a pH of about 2 to about 10 (the softness boosting composition).
• the step of drying the fabric brings the fabric temperature to about 200 degrees Fahrenheit or greater. In other aspects, the drying step increases the softness of the fabric in comparison to a control. In other aspects the drying step provides a Ab* of fabric greater (more negative) than the Ab* of a control when subjected to at least 6 cycles washing cycles (includes wash step followed by a conditioning/softening step and drying). 2. The method of conditioning fabric according to claim 1 comprising a step of washing the fabric in a wash pH greater than 9 before contacting the fabric with the fabric conditioning composition.
• the softening booster compositions are intended for use in combination with fabric conditioning compositions for improved softness.
• the methods of the invention are not limited to softening.
• the benefits of the present invention can also include reduced yellowing and/or maintained whiteness. It is generally desirable for laundry that is dried to remain white even after multiple drying cycles. That is, it is desirable that the fabric not yellow after repeated cycles of drying in the presence of the fabric conditioning composition. Whiteness retention can be measured according to Ab, for example, using a Hunter Lab instrument. In general, it is desirable to exhibit a lower Ab (less yellow) for the fabric treated with the composition of the invention and dried at elevated temperatures, after 6 wash, soften, and drying cycles.
• the softening boosters and/or fabric conditioning compositions can include at least one of antistatic agents, anti-wrinkling agents, improved absorbency, dye transfer inhibition/color protection agents, odor removal/odor capturing agents, soil shielding/soil releasing agents, ease of drying, ultraviolet light protection agents, fragrances, sanitizing agents, disinfecting agents, water repellency agents, insect repellency agents, anti-pilling agents, souring agents, mildew removing agents, enzymes, starch agents, bleaching agents, optical brightness agents, allergicide agents, dye scavengers, molecular chelants, sequestering agents and mixtures thereof.
• Embodiments of the present invention are further defined in the following non- limiting Examples. It should be understood that these Examples, while indicating certain embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples, one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the embodiments of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. Thus, various modifications of the embodiments of the invention, in addition to those shown and described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
• the following Examples set forth evaluation of various softening booster compositions, including clay softening booster compositions, quaternary softening booster compositions, and sucrose ester softening booster compositions.
• Softness Panel Testing It is generally desirable for fabric treated in a dryer using the fabric conditioning composition of the invention to possess a softness preference that is at least comparable to the softness preference exhibited by commercially available solid fabric softeners.
• the softness preference is derived from a panel test with one-on-one comparisons of fabric (such as towels) treated with the fabric treatment composition according to the invention or with a commercially available solid fabric softener.
• a first low water level wash of about 12 gallons was undertaken for 20 minutes at 130 degrees Fahrenheit. 70 grams L2000XP detergent available from Ecolab of St. Paul, Minn, was used for the first low water level wash. The L2000XP detergent is an alkaline detergent. The water was drained from the wash tub.
• a second low water level wash of about 12 gallons was undertaken for 10 minutes at 120 degrees Fahrenheit using 70 g L2000XP detergent. The wash water was drained from the tub.
• a first high water level rinse of about 15 gallons was undertaken for 3 minutes. The water rinse water temperature was 120 degrees Fahrenheit. The water was drained from the wash tub.
• Step one is repeated to provide a 2X scouring procedure.
• Substeps (a) and (b) from Step One were repeated without the addition of the L2000XP detergent.
• Substeps (c) through (g)-rinse through extract-from Step One were repeated.
• the wet towels were placed in a Huebsch dryer, Stack 30 Pound (300 L) Capacity and the towels were dried on the high setting for 50 to 60 minutes such that the fabric temperature reached about 200 degrees Fahrenheit. If a larger load of towels was scoured, the time was increased. Towels had no remaining free water after Step Three was completed.
• Washers The washers were cycled through a high temperature 'rinse' cycle to remove any detergent residue before the softness testing begins. A minimum of 5 cycles are needed for detectable differences in softness.
• Dryers Drying time for full loads (80% or more) is 60 minutes on high (shorter time if larger dryer).
• Towels are stored prior to the softness evaluation such that the last cycle of the experiment is completed the day before panel testing. Towels are folded in a consistent manner and placed inside a sealed container immediately following removal from dryer. The temperature of the sealed container is between 65 degrees Fahrenheit and 75 degrees Fahrenheit with a relative humidity of 40%-50%. The towels are equilibrated by remaining at these settings for about 24 hours prior to the panel testing.
• Towels are paired by weight; difference of no more than / no less than 0.25 g to 0.5 g in weight from towel to towel within each pair.
• a minimum of 20 panelists are employed to obtain statistically significant data points. Panelists thoroughly wash and dry their hands (or use alcohol based hand sanitizer) immediately prior to panel testing, without using any lotion or other moisturizers.
• Panelists touch/handle both towels (in the same manner) in each pairing and choose which towel in each set has preferred softness. Towels are arranged next to each other in pairs (randomly) to account for any possible 'handed' basis of the panelist. One towel must be selected from each pair; if there is truly no difference the result is shown as pairs are equal. As towels increase in softness rating with repeated handling (transfer of natural oils, etc.) towels are refolded to expose new, unhandled surface after each 8-10 persons.
• the "Market Leading Consumer anionic surfactant based Detergent, chlorine Bleach, conventional quat based Softener” is a commercially- available combination of products, including near neutral detergent (approximately pH 8), bleach and softening composition.
• the softening using Gelwhite GP clay outperformed the comparative softening boosters in head-to-head trial at 20% actives.
• Arquad 2HT-75 the second preferred softening booster in the trial.
• the winner in the softening evaluation was use of the Gelwhite GP clay with drying when added in the 6 th cycle.
• the winner in the softening evaluation was the combined use of Clearly Soft and Gelwhite GP clay with drying when added in the 6 th cycle.
• the GelWhite GP provided the most preferred softening between the various clay compounds employed as the softening boosters.
• the GelWhite L clay provided the most preferred softening.
• the Sisterna provided the most preferred softening among three boosters evaluated at 5% actives.
• the winner in the softening evaluation was GelWhite GP clay.
• the Sisterna sucrose esters at 10% actives provided the most preferred softening.
• the Arquad at 5% actives provided the most preferred softening.
• the Sisterna boosted system provided preferred softening without any additional benefit after a single wash.
• the boosting agents provided significant softening without significant differences.
• the clay boosting agent provided in the 6 cycle provided the greatest softening.
• the 6 th cycle test provided purely a booster cycle as a 15 minute cycle with no detergent and/or bleach step. These results evaluated the boost step alone.
• the addition of the softening booster (Gelwhite GP with Clearly Soft) provided preferred softening.
• the HunterLab Color Quest Spectrophotometer was conducted after the 6 th cycle employing the softening booster compositions according to the invention were added Reading Towels on the Hunterlab. The purpose is to measure reflectance oftowels.
• the HunterLab Colorquest XE spectrophotometer is employed. As shown in Table 44, the data generated appear as L*, a*, b*, WI 313, YI 313, and Z .
• b* The yellow to blue number in the color solid. A positive number is toward yellow and a negative number is toward blue.
• YI 313 Yellowness Index. This an index of overall yellowness that also takes the "b" number into account. The higher the number, the yellower the sample. Z % TABLE 44
• the softening boosters provide desired softness without imparting any detrimental yellowing of the treated linens.
• Wicking testing was conducted to assess absorption of water from evaluated towels treated with softening boosters.
• the absorbency of towels from the softness panel in Example 2 were evaluated to determine how different fabric treatments affect the wicking/absorption volume of a fabric.
• test swatches (approximately 4"x7") are cut.
• the swatches are marked with a line 10 mm from the bottom and placed in the colored dye solution (water soluble dye of any concentration) using a wicking apparatus.
• One test swatch is suspended from the top of the wicking apparatus using a large paper binder clamp.
• the test swatch is lowered into the colored dye solution up to the scored line and let to sit undisturbed for 6 minutes. Thereafter, the test swatch is raised from the dye solution and the highest point reached by the dye solution is marked by a dot (using a permanent marker).
• the distance from the 10 mm line to the dot is measured and recorded. The procedure is repeated for all swatches and an average of 3 measurements is used for the final data point.
• Example 3 Additional wicking testing was conducted after the evaluation of Example 3 using the conditions set forth in Table 46.
• the Conditions C and D each refer, respectively, to the booster added in an additional 6 th cycle where they towels were either not dried or dried prior to the 6 th cycle. All towels were dried after completing the cycles in the washer to build up the appropriate amount of chemistry (with or without softening booster).
• the test conditions where the liquid traveled farthest were the control an Gelwhite GP added during the 5 th cycle.
• the two conditions where an additional 6 th cycle was added to provide Clearly Soft and Gelwhite GP demonstrated considerably lower wicking ability.
• only the condition D with a drying step before the 6 th cycle provided wicking below the threshold level of 20 mm (conventional wicking standard).
• the softness evaluation was conducted as shown in Table 48.
• a softness panel (varying number of participates with average score) completed one-on-one sensory comparisons of evalulated towels treated with the fabric treatment composition according to the invention.
• the towel with the preferred softness based on the touch (sensory) evaluation of the panelist was ranked numerically based on a standard towel as a comparison (tanked 1 to 5).
• a high panel testing number correlates to softer panel evaluation results.
• the panel results show that the 2x/2x combination was equally soft as the lx/lx combination.
• the highest softness rating was achieved for the lx/2x combination (lx softening booster composition / 2x fabric softening composition)
• a limitation of the testing was the lack of consistency among the fill towels (not equal in treatment or age which may have introduced variability into the test results).
• Condition C the greatest softness rating was achieved by the Gelwhite softening booster added to the towels before the Clearly Soft softening agent (condition C).
• Condition B also performed significantly better than the control (absence of the softening booster).

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