Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B08—CLEANING
  • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
  • B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B08—CLEANING
  • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
  • B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
  • B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
  • B08B1/12—Brushes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B08—CLEANING
  • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
  • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
  • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
  • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
  • C21D1/72—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment during chemical change of surfaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process

Definitions

• non-coated or coated materials are generally used.
• a semi-finished, coil- or platinum-shaped partially, preferably completely, be provided with a corrosion protection oil or with lubricants.
• contamination by dust or the like, in particular in a coil or sinker storage usually also can hardly be avoided.
• the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step.
• the cleaning step is carried out immediately before heating.
• the workpiece after forming and / or hardening as a manufactured component is a structural or chassis component of a motor vehicle.
• the workpiece is provided as a sheet-metal part, in particular as a planar sheet-metal plate (direct hot forming) or as a molded part (indirect hot-forming) that almost has its final geometry, wherein the pretreatment is at least part of the production process of the sheet-metal part.
• the partial area of the workpiece, which is to be heated when heating to the target temperature preferably the workpiece is cleaned completely, in the cleaning step. But it is also conceivable that such portions of the workpiece to be cleaned specifically, of which one wishes the finished component improved surface quality.
• the workpiece is at least partially treated chemically, mechanically and / or thermally in the cleaning step.
• the selected cleaning method is preferably adapted to the workpiece so that the cleaning leaves the properties of the workpiece substantially unimpaired. This advantageously ensures that no steps are taken with the cleaning step. which endanger the quality of the later manufactured component.
• the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in the cleaning step in a cleaning bath.
• the pollutants are bound in an advantageous manner in a liquid of the cleaning bath. It is conceivable that the liquid is exchanged in the cleaning bath by the liquid is guided into the cleaning bath and drained again, for example pumped into a liquid circuit in the cleaning bath and pumped out of the cleaning bath again.
• the binding of the pollutants to the liquid is advantageously avoided that the pollutants spread over the air and deposit, for example, to parts of the system.
• the wet workpiece is dried in time before heating, for example with hot air.
• the workpiece is brushed in the cleaning step. It is conceivable for this mechanical treatment in the cleaning step that the workpiece is brought into contact with the brush and the workpiece is moved in the longitudinal direction, wherein the brush extends substantially along the transverse direction of the workpiece.
• the cleaning step can be integrated into the transport of the workpiece to the heating station in an advantageous manner without significant delays in hot or warm forging being achieved by the cleaning step.
• the brush or a system of brushes is arranged at the entrance to the heating station and thereby provided for the cleaning of the workpiece immediately before heating.
• the workpiece is cleaned manually. When manually cleaning with a brush evidently noticeable residues can be removed advantageously without much additional effort.
• the cleaning step is carried out in the heating station, in which the burner responsible for the heating first applies the workpiece to the cleaning station. heated and then to the target temperature, wherein the target temperature is greater than the cleaning temperature. It is preferably provided that when the workpiece is heated to a cleaning temperature, the ambient air of the workpiece, for example by means of a trigger, is withdrawn to dissipate the pollutants.
• the workpiece is transported or moved during the cleaning step.
• the cleaning step can advantageously be integrated into the hot or warm forging of the workpiece so that potential delays are kept as short as possible by the cleaning step.
• the cleaning step is a thermal treatment, it is conceivable that the workpiece is guided past a burner with a burner strip along the conveying direction, the burner heating the workpiece during the passage.
• the workpiece is moved with a conveyor along a conveying direction and passes successively the cleaning station, the heating station and reaches the forming and / or hardening tool.
• the workpiece is transported in time between the cleaning step and the heating from a cleaning station to a heating station.
• the transport path is bridged in as short a time as possible in order to avoid that the workpiece cools again.
• the conveyor comprises heating elements, which ensure that the workpiece substantially maintains its cleaning temperature.
• the workpiece is transported in such a way that the workpiece is not polluted again or contaminated.
• the workpiece is moved with a conveyor along a conveying direction and passes successively the cleaning station, the heating station and reaches the forming and / or hardening tool.
• the workpiece is heated to the target temperature during heating for the forming and / or hardening with a further burner.
• a temperature between 600 ° C and 900 ° C is selected as the target temperature.
• the target temperature above AC3 is reached in order to convert the microstructure completely into austenite. If the target temperature is below AC3 and above AC1, a mixture of austenite and ferrite is formed.
• the speed at which the workpiece is heated to the cleaning temperature when using a burner is greater than the rate at which the workpiece is heated to the target temperature, particularly when using a radiant oven.
• the workpiece is coated with a protective material and / or in particular at least partially coated with a corrosion protection oil in order to prevent corrosion during transport.
• the burner and / or the further burner is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
• the heating power of the burner and / or the further burner via the mixing ratio of the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas is adjusted.
• the maximum temperature in a combustion flame of the burner and / or of the further burner is determined via an oxygen content.
• a technical oxygen mixture is supplied to the further burner, wherein the oxygen content is preferably greater than 70% or particularly preferably greater than 90%. It is further provided that to achieve the target temperature at a desired speed with which the workpiece is heated, the distance between burner and workpiece, the oxygen content and / or a conveying speed of the conveyed along the conveying direction workpiece are set accordingly.
• the workpiece for forming and / or curing in a forming / hardening tool is arranged.
• the forming / hardening tool is at least partially cooled and thereby provides advantageously for example for a partial hardening of the workpiece.
• the workpiece is a workpiece which is essentially made of a manganese-boron steel, in particular 22MnB5, or a sheet metal plate with a higher carbon content.
• Another object of the present invention is a production plant for hot or semi-hot forming a workpiece, in particular for performing a method according to the invention, wherein the manufacturing plant comprises a cleaning station for cleaning a workpiece and a heating station for heating the cleaned workpiece.
• the manufacturing plant according to the invention has the advantage that it can be ensured by means of the cleaning station that possible residues are removed from a pretreatment of the workpiece and so the amount of potential pollutants that could affect the quality of the later manufactured component in advantageously reduced.
• the manufacturing plant comprises a conveyor.
• the workpiece can be in Advantageously, transport via the cleaning station and the heating station to the forming / hardening tool.
• the conveyor comprises conveyor rollers.
• the cleaning station is structurally separate from the heating station. This can be ensured in an advantageous manner that the dissolved by the heating of the workpiece to the cleaning temperature pollutants are spread through the air and then deposited on the plant components of the heating station.
• Figures la to ld show a method of hot or warm forging a workpiece according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• FIGS. 1 a to 1 d a method for hot or warm forging a workpiece 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
• This is, for example, a structural or chassis component for a motor vehicle, wherein the workpiece 1 as a semi-finished, in particular in the form of a tailored rolled blank or as shown in Figure 1 as a sheet metal blank, is provided.
• the workpiece 1 consists for example of a material which is at least partially made of a boron-manganese steel, in particular 22MnB5.
• the hot or warm forging it is preferably provided to convert the workpiece 1 in its final or final shape as a component.
• the workpiece 1 is subjected to a pretreatment.
• a pretreatment is the coating of the workpiece 1 with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubricant in order to avoid corrosion during the transport of the workpiece.
• a cutting oil is applied to the workpiece 1 to facilitate a possible blank cutting in advance of hot or warm forging.
• the pretreated workpiece 1 preferably immediately before the heating of the workpiece 1 in a heating station 20, is cleaned in a cleaning step.
• the cleaning step is started for 60 seconds, preferably 20 seconds and more preferably 5 seconds before the heating of the workpiece 1.
• the embodiment in FIGS. 1 a to 1 d in FIG. 1 b shows a thermal treatment in a cleaning station 10.
• the cleaning station 10 comprises a burner belt or roller conveyor 4 which is below the workpiece conveyed by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 1 is arranged.
• the cleaning station 10 preferably has a burner 2, which is arranged above and / or below the transportable workpiece 1. It is further provided that the burner 2 heats the workpiece 1 to a cleaning temperature.
• the burner 2 is operated in particular with a mixture of a burner gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
• a burner flame 3 emerges which, for example, directly contacts the workpiece 1 in the cleaning station 10 or is held at a distance from the workpiece.
• the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 at a position on a recess 6, so that the burner flame 3 can heat the workpiece 1 unhindered.
• the workpiece 1 is heated on both sides via a respective burner 2 in order to free the surface of the workpiece 1 from residues as far as possible. It is conceivable that the burner 2 moves along a direction perpendicular to a conveying direction of the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 direction, preferably oscillating, to realize the heating along a transverse extent of the workpiece 1 with this movement.
• the cleaning temperature by setting a conveying speed, with which the workpiece 1 is conveyed by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4, the determination of a distance of the burner 2 from the workpiece 1 and / or by determining an oxygen content of the fuel gas oxygen-containing gas is set or realized.
• the burner flame 3 of the burner 2 in the cleaning station 10 the workpiece 1 homogeneously, d. H . evenly along the surface, heated.
• the cleaning station 10 comprises an exhaust air system to dissipate the generated during the thermal treatment of dirty gases with the exhaust system. This makes it possible to prevent the contaminants contained in the pollutant gas from settling on the plant components of the cleaning station 10. In order to further prevent the pollutants contained in the contaminated gas from depositing on equipment components which are for example installed in a heating station 20.
• the cleaning station 10 is structurally separate from the heating station 20, as shown in FIG. 1c.
• FIG. 1 c shows a heating station 20 in the form of a furnace 5, wherein the workpiece 1 is arranged for heating within the, preferably closed, furnace 5.
• the target temperature is greater than the cleaning temperature.
• the workpiece 1 is heated in the heating station 20 with a further burner or by means of radiation, wherein the further burner is preferably operated with a mixture of a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
• the further burner in the heating station 20 is operated with a technical oxygen whose oxygen content is preferably greater than 75%, particularly preferably greater than 90%.
• the heating in the heating station 20 can be used to adjust the material properties of the later manufactured component.
• the workpiece 1 is deliberately heated to a temperature below AC3, in particular below AC1, in order to avoid complete austenitization and / or at least in a second region heated to a temperature above AC3, in order to promote austenitization cause. It is also conceivable that the workpiece 1 is precoated in time after the cleaning step and before the heating in order to provide this precoating for alloy layer formation on the surface of the workpiece 1. Furthermore, it is provided that the cleaning station 10 is connected to the heating station 20 via a conveyor 4. In particular, the cleaned workpiece 1 is conveyed by the conveyor 4 into the oven 5.
• the workpiece 1 is placed in a, preferably cooled, forming and / or hardening tool 30 and formed and / or cured there, as shown in Figure ld.
• the forming and / or hardening tool 30 comprises a tool mold that is matched with the component to be manufactured.
• the conveying device conveys the workpiece 1 along the conveying direction in a production plant via the cleaning station 10 and the heating station 20 into the forming and / or hardening tool 30.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
• Forging (AREA)
• Cleaning In General (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Citations (4)

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• 2014
  • 2014-11-19 DE DE102014116950.6A patent/DE102014116950B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2015
  • 2015-11-05 JP JP2017525544A patent/JP2018501960A/ja active Pending
  • 2015-11-05 CN CN201580062675.1A patent/CN107109505A/zh active Pending
  • 2015-11-05 CA CA2961869A patent/CA2961869C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-11-05 US US15/527,333 patent/US20170321295A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-11-05 ES ES15794508T patent/ES2724986T3/es active Active
  • 2015-11-05 WO PCT/EP2015/075809 patent/WO2016078924A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2015-11-05 BR BR112017008386A patent/BR112017008386A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2015-11-05 PL PL15794508T patent/PL3221474T3/pl unknown
  • 2015-11-05 TR TR2019/07458T patent/TR201907458T4/tr unknown
  • 2015-11-05 MX MX2017005307A patent/MX2017005307A/es unknown
  • 2015-11-05 KR KR1020177015866A patent/KR20170087903A/ko unknown
  • 2015-11-05 EP EP15794508.0A patent/EP3221474B1/de active Active

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