WO2016068463A2 - 전지 급속 충전 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
전지 급속 충전 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016068463A2 WO2016068463A2 PCT/KR2015/008496 KR2015008496W WO2016068463A2 WO 2016068463 A2 WO2016068463 A2 WO 2016068463A2 KR 2015008496 W KR2015008496 W KR 2015008496W WO 2016068463 A2 WO2016068463 A2 WO 2016068463A2
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- charging
- battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for charging a battery, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for rapid charging a battery, which uses a stepwise reduction of current to rapidly charge a battery while increasing the life of the battery.
- the process of charging a cell involves introducing current into the cell and accumulating charge and energy, which process must be carefully controlled.
- excessive C-rate or charging voltage can permanently degrade the performance of a battery and ultimately cause complete failure or unexpected failures such as leakage or explosion of highly corrosive chemicals.
- the conventional battery charging method is a constant current (CC) method for charging with a constant current from the beginning of the charge to completion, a constant voltage (CV) method for charging at a constant voltage from the beginning to the completion of charging, and charging with a constant current at the beginning of charging,
- CC-CV constant current-constant voltage
- the CC charging method is a safety problem that loses the overcharge control function due to the Li-plating (Li-plating) problem that forms a metal plating film due to the characteristics of lithium ions because the current continues to flow to the battery even after charging is completed There is. Because of this There is an inconvenience in that the charger and battery must be quickly disconnected when the charging is completed.
- Li-plating Li-plating
- the CV method has a disadvantage in that the terminal voltage is greatly changed by the temperature change and the heat generation of the battery itself when the battery is fully charged, and thus it is difficult to set the constant voltage value in advance. There is an inconvenience that the charging time is long.
- the most common method is the CC-CV method.
- the CC When the battery is discharged a lot, the CC is charged, and when the charge is almost completed, the CV becomes the method of preventing overcharging.
- C is the battery capacity of the charging unit (often indicated by Q) A ⁇ h, the current in amperes is selected as the fraction (or multiplier) of C.
- this charging method should be charged in a condition suitable for the charging capacity of the charger, it should be charged in a well ventilated room temperature of about 25 °C.
- the conventional battery charging protocol has a disadvantage in that the battery life is reduced by damaging the electrode plate when the battery is slow or overcharges.
- many studies have been conducted to achieve rapid charging by improving performance such as battery output.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a battery charging method and apparatus for allowing a battery to be charged quickly as the battery life becomes longer.
- the battery charging method according to the present invention is to charge the battery while the charge rate is gradually reduced so that the negative electrode potential of the battery does not fall below 0V starting from the initial charge rate (C-rate) higher than 1C .
- the initial charge rate may be 1.5C to 5C. It may be 1.5C to 3C.
- Another battery charging method includes a data acquisition step of measuring the negative electrode potential of the battery according to the state of charge (SOC) for each different charging rate; Obtaining a protocol for changing a charge rate stepwise from the acquired data so that the negative electrode potential of the battery does not fall below 0V; And charging the battery with the protocol.
- SOC state of charge
- the filling rate of the data acquisition step may range from 0.25C to 5C. It may range from 0.25C to 3C. It may also range from 0.25C to 1.5C.
- the protocol may include a rate of charge (the corresponding charge current) that decreases in stages and charge voltage information after the end of charge at each charge rate.
- Battery charging apparatus includes a power supply for outputting a charging voltage input from a commercial power source; And outputs a charging voltage input from the power supply unit as a charging current to a battery so that the battery is charged.
- the charging current is changed by changing the charging current.
- a battery charger for controlling the battery to be changed wherein the battery charger is configured to charge the battery while the charging current is gradually adjusted according to a protocol for gradually changing the charging rate so that the negative electrode potential of the battery does not fall below 0V.
- the charging of the battery is performed while the charging current is gradually adjusted according to a protocol for changing the charging rate stepwise so that the cathode potential does not fall below 0V.
- Li-plating of the battery negative electrode can be prevented by a reference such that the negative electrode potential does not fall below 0 V, thereby increasing the battery life and thus allowing the battery to be charged quickly.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a battery charging method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a negative electrode potential according to a charging rate and a negative electrode potential upon protocol charging based thereon.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the charging rate (charge current) with time when the battery is charged by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a battery life comparison according to a charging method using a stepwise charging current reduction according to the present invention and a conventional CC-CV charging method.
- Li-plating is more likely to occur at higher charge current densities (charge rates or charge currents) and at lower temperatures. To avoid this, lowering the charge current density does not achieve the desired charge rate.
- the present invention measures the negative electrode potential according to the charging current through a three-electrode cell experiment and quantifies the charging limit in which Li-plating does not occur when charging with each current through this. This also provides a multi-step charging technology that shortens the charging time without generating Li-plating by charging the battery while gradually reducing the charging current while controlling the charging rate so that the cathode potential is not 0V or less.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a battery charging method according to the present invention.
- a data acquisition step of measuring a negative electrode potential of a battery according to SOC for each different charging rate is performed (step s1).
- the cathode potential according to the charging current is measured through a three-electrode cell experiment.
- C is the battery capacity of the charging unit (often indicated by Q) A ⁇ h
- the current in amperes is selected as the fraction (or multiplier) of C.
- 1C charge rate refers to the charge / discharge rate at which the capacity of a fully charged battery is drawn out or filled within an hour, and also the current density at that time.
- the filling rate is higher than 1C.
- continuous charging with a high current may cause high heat generation inside the battery, and each electrode may form an overvoltage state due to the resistance of the battery. Therefore, the charging rate should be determined in consideration of the type and characteristics of the battery.
- the range of the charging rate in the data acquisition step may vary depending on the type and characteristics of such a battery.
- an EV battery can acquire data in the range of 0.25C-1.5C of charging rates by setting the initial charging rate to 1.5C.
- a battery for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) may acquire data in a range of 0.25C to 3C by setting an initial charge rate of 3C. This initial charge rate and the charge rate range may be limited not only by the type of battery, but also by the maximum current of the motor used in the actual vehicle.
- the EV battery may be set to an initial charge rate of 1.5C, and the PHEV battery may be set to an initial charge rate of 3C.
- the initial charge rate can be further increased, for example, up to 5C. Therefore, the initial filling rate may be 1.5C to 5C, and the filling rate of the data acquisition step in the present invention may range from 0.25C to 5C.
- FIG. 2 shows the negative electrode potential according to the filling rate. As shown in FIG. 2, a graph can be obtained by measuring a negative electrode potential according to SOC state while varying the charging rate from 1.5C to 0.25C.
- step s2 a protocol is obtained in which the charge rate is changed step by step so that the negative electrode potential of the battery does not fall below 0 V (step s2). If the negative electrode potential does not fall below 0 V, the ion layer formed during battery charging is diffused and decomposed into the electrolyte so that Li-plating is not induced on the negative electrode.
- a protocol such as the dotted line can be obtained so that the cathode potential does not fall below 0V.
- the cathode potential becomes 0V at the point of 35% SOC.
- the charge rate is then changed to the next charge rate, 1.25C. Accordingly, when charging, the cathode potential becomes 0V at the point of 47% SOC.
- the filling rate is then changed to the next filling rate, 1C. Accordingly, when charging, the cathode potential becomes 0V at the point of 56% SOC.
- the filling rate is then changed to the next filling rate, 0.75C. Accordingly, when charging, the cathode potential becomes 0V at the point of 65% SOC.
- the filling rate is then changed to the next filling rate of 0.5C. Accordingly, when charging, the cathode potential becomes 0V at the point of 76% SOC.
- the filling rate is then changed to the next filling rate.
- the protocol can be obtained, and the negative electrode potential graph according to the SOC varies depending on the type of battery, but this method of obtaining the protocol can be similarly applied.
- the range of the initial charging rate and the range of the filling rate in the data acquisition step may vary.
- the amount by which the filling rate is reduced can also be any value other than 0.25C.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the charging rate (charge current) with time when the battery is charged by the method of the present invention, and a protocol similar to the protocol shown in FIG. 2 (when the final charging rate is 0.4C instead of 0.25C). It is represented by the filling rate over time.
- the charging current of the charger for charging the battery decreases gradually over time from the initial charging rate corresponding to 1.5C to the final charging rate.
- the holding times t1 to t6 of the respective charging rates are different so that the cathode potential does not fall below 0V.
- the present invention measures the negative electrode potential according to the charging rate, and quantifies the charging limit in which Li-plating does not occur when charging with each current.
- the protocol may include a charging rate that gradually decreases and charging voltage information after termination of charging at each charging rate.
- charging may be performed by applying an optimized charging current according to a protocol.
- the charging protocol can be realized using the battery charging device according to the present invention.
- the battery charging device includes a power supply unit for outputting a charging voltage input from a commercial power source;
- the charging voltage input from the power supply unit is output to the battery as a charging current so that the battery is charged.
- the charging current is changed by changing the charging current.
- It includes a battery charging unit to control to.
- the battery charging unit allows the battery to be charged while the charging current is gradually adjusted according to a protocol for changing the charging rate stepwise so that the negative electrode potential of the battery does not fall below 0V.
- the logic of the protocol of the charging method according to the invention can be integrated into the battery charging device and used to charge the battery.
- the battery charging unit employs a processor for implementing rapid charging.
- the processor stores the logic of the charging protocol in a memory, and voltage, current, etc. can each be measured with high accuracy to achieve accurate control and preserve device performance.
- Table 1 sets the charging protocol based on the cathode potential according to the current density, and summarizes the charging voltage and the charging time without the cathode potential falling below 0V during actual charging.
- the battery charge voltage is 3.857V, and the holding time of this step is 7.2 minutes (t4).
- the protocol after charging for 13.2 minutes (t5) by changing the charging rate to 0.5C, the point of 76% SOC is reached and the battery charge voltage is 3.95V.
- the next charge rate of 0.4C is reached, reaching a point of 80% SOC, and the battery's charging voltage is 4.0V, which takes 6 minutes (t6).
- implementation according to the teachings of the present invention results in a charge profile where 80% (80% SOC) of full charge results in a filling profile obtained at 51.56 minutes (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 + t5 + t6). Even the charging time can be reduced rather than about 1 hour 30 minutes to fully charge at the conventional 1C charge rate.
- the charging process is controlled so that the cathode potential does not fall below 0V, there is no fear of causing Li-plating on the cathode as compared with the general CC-CV charging method, and thus the life is long.
- the life of a battery is a measure of how long the battery can be used, and the unit is expressed as the number of cycles (cycles). In other words, it indicates how many times the battery can be charged and used. In terms of electrical energy, the battery is charged once and used until the battery is fully discharged.
- Figure 4 is a graph comparing the battery life according to the charging method and the conventional CC-CV charging method using a step-down charging current according to the present invention, it shows a change in capacity according to the number of cycles. Even after a long charge / discharge cycle, it is necessary for the capacity of the battery to remain unchanged.
- the life time in each case was compared with the same charging time and discharge under the same conditions (1C CC). As shown in FIG. 4, in the conventional case, the capacity retention rate is reduced to about 96% after 250 cycles, but in the present invention, the capacity retention rate is 98% or more even after 250 cycles.
- the life of such a battery is determined by various factors, and the structural stability of the electrode, particularly the stability of the negative electrode, is important.
- the ideal negative electrode should have high reaction reversibility with lithium ions. When the ideal reversible reaction is achieved, there is no change in capacity retention with the cycle. It can be seen that the charging method using the stepwise charging current reduction according to the present invention has a higher reaction reversibility than the conventional method, which is a result of preventing Li-plating at the cathode. As such, according to the charging method using the stepwise charging current reduction of the present invention, it can be seen that the battery life is longer than the conventional life by preventing the degradation.
- the battery is charged without generating Li-plating because the charging rate is gradually reduced so that the cathode potential does not fall below 0V while the battery is rapidly charged using an initial charging rate of greater than 1C. Can be charged quickly. Damage to the internal structure of the battery can be prevented and the life of the battery can be improved.
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201580058647.2A CN107148699B (zh) | 2014-10-30 | 2015-08-13 | 用于将电池快速充电的方法和设备 |
JP2017523388A JP6523450B2 (ja) | 2014-10-30 | 2015-08-13 | 電池急速充電方法及び装置 |
US15/517,039 US10236702B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2015-08-13 | Method and apparatus for rapidly charging battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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KR20140149420 | 2014-10-30 | ||
KR10-2014-0149420 | 2014-10-30 | ||
KR1020150109510A KR101651991B1 (ko) | 2014-10-30 | 2015-08-03 | 전지 급속 충전 방법 및 장치 |
KR10-2015-0109510 | 2015-08-03 |
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WO2016068463A2 true WO2016068463A2 (ko) | 2016-05-06 |
WO2016068463A3 WO2016068463A3 (ko) | 2016-06-23 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR20180048281A (ko) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 배터리 충전 방법 및 장치 |
CN108023375A (zh) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-11 | 三星电子株式会社 | 充电电池的方法和装置 |
WO2018190260A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-10-18 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 充電装置、充電方法、2次電池、電池パック、電動車両、蓄電装置、電子機器および蓄電システム |
US12126203B2 (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2024-10-22 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Charging device, charging method, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, power storage device, electronic device, and power storage system using SOC |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR20100065557A (ko) * | 2008-12-08 | 2010-06-17 | 천창열 | 전지관리장치의 충전기 감지회로 |
JP5488343B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-27 | 2014-05-14 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 充電制御装置及び蓄電装置 |
JP5775725B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-11 | 2015-09-09 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 充電制御システム |
JP5673406B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-13 | 2015-02-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 劣化速度推定装置、劣化速度推定方法 |
US9236748B2 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2016-01-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus of charging the battery with globally minimized integral degradation possible for predefined charging duration |
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2015
- 2015-08-13 WO PCT/KR2015/008496 patent/WO2016068463A2/ko active Application Filing
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20180048281A (ko) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 배터리 충전 방법 및 장치 |
CN108023375A (zh) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-11 | 三星电子株式会社 | 充电电池的方法和装置 |
JP2018082613A (ja) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-24 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | バッテリ充電方法及び装置 |
JP7076191B2 (ja) | 2016-11-01 | 2022-05-27 | 三星電子株式会社 | バッテリ充電方法及び装置 |
KR102455631B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-01 | 2022-10-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 배터리 충전 방법 및 장치 |
CN108023375B (zh) * | 2016-11-01 | 2024-02-02 | 三星电子株式会社 | 充电电池的方法和装置 |
US11929468B2 (en) | 2016-11-01 | 2024-03-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for charging battery |
WO2018190260A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-10-18 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 充電装置、充電方法、2次電池、電池パック、電動車両、蓄電装置、電子機器および蓄電システム |
US12126203B2 (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2024-10-22 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Charging device, charging method, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, power storage device, electronic device, and power storage system using SOC |
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