WO2016066382A1 - Purificateur d'eau et procédé de nettoyage de membrane - Google Patents

Purificateur d'eau et procédé de nettoyage de membrane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016066382A1
WO2016066382A1 PCT/EP2015/073029 EP2015073029W WO2016066382A1 WO 2016066382 A1 WO2016066382 A1 WO 2016066382A1 EP 2015073029 W EP2015073029 W EP 2015073029W WO 2016066382 A1 WO2016066382 A1 WO 2016066382A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
valve
membrane module
pump
membrane
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PCT/EP2015/073029
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English (en)
Inventor
Jaideep Chatterjee
Shailendra Pratap
Senthilmurugan Subbiah
Original Assignee
Unilever N.V.
Unilever Plc
Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever
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Application filed by Unilever N.V., Unilever Plc, Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever filed Critical Unilever N.V.
Publication of WO2016066382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016066382A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/48—Mechanisms for switching between regular separation operations and washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/50—Specific extra tanks
    • B01D2313/501—Permeate storage tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/04—Backflushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/40—Automatic control of cleaning processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/005—Valves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/003—Downstream control, i.e. outlet monitoring, e.g. to check the treating agents, such as halogens or ozone, leaving the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/03—Pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/42—Liquid level
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/44—Time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
    • C02F2301/066—Overpressure, high pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water purifier and a process of cleaning the membrane. Particularly the invention relates to a process for enhancing the recovery of purified water by a process of cleaning the membrane module.
  • Water purifiers based on membrane module systems is the most popular technology for water purification as it can remove biological, colloidal, organic and dissolved salts from water.
  • the main drawback of such purifiers is that for example more than 50 % of the input water cannot be recovered and is rejected during the purification process such as by reverse osmosis.
  • the process of water purification by reverse osmosis and similarly other membrane module based systems involve extracting pure water with no or minimal dissolved salts from an input water which contains a significantly higher level of dissolved salts and may contain other impurities like dissolved organic compounds as well as colloids and microorganisms.
  • the reverse osmosis process produces concentrated reject water, which has a significantly higher salt concentration compared to the input water. Higher the recovery of pure water the higher is the concentration of the dissolved salts in the reject.
  • water purification by reverse osmosis necessarily produces a concentrate water stream which is wasted and it would be highly beneficial to reduce this water wastage.
  • EP 07681 12 A1 shows that the permeate can be used to clean the membrane by flowing the permeate backwards through the membrane.
  • the driving force for the permeate is the osmotic pressure difference between the permeate and the water on the reject side of the membrane. This method however is time consuming as it is based on the natural principal of difference in osmotic pressure.
  • JP 201 1 1 10439 shows that the permeate can be used to backwash the membrane module, by using a second pump to pump the permeate in the reverse direction.
  • This system thus requires a second pump and additional instrumentation for powering and controlling the same.
  • US3786924 B1 (Delro Inc, 1974) discloses a reverse osmosis unit further having a concentrate outlet which is upstream from the membrane structure in fluid communication with the feed water inlet. In such a configuration, the concentrate outlet point is upstream of the membrane module when the system is in operation.
  • the permeate holding chamber has at least one valve upstream of the chamber and two valves and downstream of the chamber, which makes the system a bit complicated.
  • DE10302014 A1 and EP07681 12 A1 both disclose a separate chamber for holding a part of the permeate to be used for backwashing. There is a branch line to the backwash permeate tank with associated valve system. Therefore, there is a need to provide an efficient device and a process for cleaning a water purifier membrane which works faster than the dynamics of cleaning based on osmotic pressure difference.
  • the object of the present invention is also to provide a process for cleaning membrane module in a membrane based water purifier.
  • Another object of the present invention is to enhance recovery of purified water.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process for enhancing the life of a water purifier membrane.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for cleaning a water purifier membrane module by avoiding the use of an additional mechanical fluid pressurizing device such as a pump for backwash cleaning and thus reducing power consumption.
  • Yet another object is to provide a process to reduce scaling and fouling of the membrane module and yet achieve higher purified water recovery.
  • a water purifier comprising, a pump; a membrane module where the membrane is spiral wound membrane including reverse osmosis, nanofilter, ultrafilter and microfilter membranes; a first valve to control the water flow into the membrane module; and a permeate line for purified water and a reject line for discarded water; wherein the reject line comprises a valve; and wherein the water purifier comprises a closed chamber and a second valve in sequence downstream the membrane module in the permeate line and wherein said reject line is downstream of said membrane module.
  • a process for cleaning the membrane module of a water purifier comprising, a pump; a membrane module where the membrane is spiral wound membrane including reverse osmosis, nanofilter, ultrafilter and microfilter membranes; a first valve to control the water flow into the membrane module; and a permeate line for purified water and a reject line for discarded water; wherein the reject line comprises a valve; and wherein the water purifier comprises a closed chamber and a second valve in sequence downstream the membrane module in the permeate line and wherein said reject line is downstream of said membrane module; said process comprising, operating the purifier with the pump powered and the first and second valves open; closing the second valve to initiate shut-down of the purifier and to allow a pressure build up in the closed chamber; allowing the pump to continue operation with the first valve open; and shutting off the pump and the first valve to force purified water in the closed chamber through the membrane module in the reverse direction until the pressure in the closed chamber dissipates to ⁇ 1 psig
  • the present invention relates to a water purifier and a process for cleaning the membrane.
  • the invention also provides a method for enhancing the recovery of purified water by the process of cleaning the membrane module.
  • the membrane can be fouled by bio-films, organics or colloids deposited on its surface.
  • scales which are usually deposits of calcium salts on the membrane surface. This leads to a decline in the flow of permeate as well as the total flow through the system. This may lead to an increase in pure water recovery due to a higher drop in the reject water flow rate, leading to a higher salt flux through the membrane. This also leads to an increase in the concentration of salt in the pure water.
  • concentration of salt in the same demonstrates that the membrane surfaces are clean and the system is operated optimally.
  • the present invention provides a membrane based water purifier with a membrane cleaning apparatus and a membrane cleaning process thereof.
  • the word 'control' is used in a general sense of the word to describe the apparatus or device or process which connotes the experimental control which is similar to the device and the process of the present invention but without the key features and proposition which is/are tested.
  • the term 'closed chamber' preferably refers to the chamber downstream the membrane module and upstream the second valve where the purified water flows in from the membrane module and which is closed to enable the pressure to build up in the chamber.
  • 'reverse direction' means the flow of water in the direction opposite to that of the flow of the purified water or opposite to the direction of flow of the permeate in the permeate line from the water purification device.
  • the term 'reject line' means the line for flow of waste water or discarded water from the water purification device.
  • 'permeate line' means the line for flow of purified water recovered from the water purification device.
  • the present invention provides a water purifier comprising, a pump; a membrane module; a first valve to control the water flow into the membrane module where the membrane is spiral wound membrane including reverse osmosis, nanofilter, ultrafilter and microfilter membranes; and a permeate line for purified water and a reject line for discarded water; wherein the reject line comprises a valve; and wherein the water purifier comprises a closed chamber and a second valve in sequence downstream the membrane module in the permeate line and wherein said reject line is downstream of said membrane module.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a water purifier (200) comprising, a pump (203); a membrane module (205); a first valve (204) to control the water flow into the membrane module (205); and a permeate line (206) for purified water and a reject line (207) for discarded water; wherein the reject line (207) comprises a valve (208); and wherein the water purifier (200) comprises a closed chamber (209) and a second valve (210) in sequence downstream the membrane module (205) in the permeate line (206) and wherein said reject line is downstream of said membrane module.
  • the inlet water enters a spiral wound filter at one end and exits through the other end. During its journey from the one end to the other end, the water slows down, as some fraction of it permeates into the central core of the filter element. The water in the membrane outside the core gets concentrated significantly during this journey. Hence the end of the membrane near the other end, it is significantly more fouled with scale than the end at which it enters.
  • the water purifier and process in accordance with the invention is configured such the maximum pressure of the permeate used for backwash is available at the other end where the scaling is the maximum.
  • the pump may be selected from the standard types of commercially available pumps and preferably from a positive displacement pump.
  • the water purifier has the valve selected from on-off, solenoid or throttle type valve. More preferably the first and second valves are solenoid type valve and the valve provided at the reject line is a throttle type valve.
  • the membrane is spiral wound membrane modules including reverse osmosis, nanofilter, ultrafilter and microfilter membranes.
  • the first valve is operably connected to pump such that the first valve is open when the pump is powered and closed when the pump is switched off.
  • the water purifier comprises volume sensor operably connected to the second valve and the output of purified water from the permeate line.
  • the water purifier comprises a pressure switch operably connected to the closed chamber and the pump. Any standard type pressure switch can be employed.
  • the water purifier comprises a timer operably connected to the second valve and the pump.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of purifying water using the water purifier of the invention.
  • the present invention also provides for a process for cleaning the membrane module of a water purifier comprising, a pump; a membrane module; a first valve to control the water flow into the membrane module; and a permeate line for purified water and a reject line for discarded water; wherein the reject line comprises a valve; and wherein the water purifier comprises a closed chamber and a second valve in sequence downstream the membrane module in the permeate line and wherein said reject line is downstream of said membrane module; said process comprising, operating the purifier with the pump powered and the first and second valves open; closing the second valve to initiate shut-down of the purifier and to allow a pressure build up in the closed chamber; allowing the pump to continue operation with the first valve open; and shutting off the pump and the first valve to force purified water in the closed chamber through the membrane module in the reverse direction until the pressure in the closed chamber dissipates to ⁇ 1 psig ( ⁇ 0.0
  • the point at which the second valve is closed to start the process of cleaning the membrane module is preferably determined by the volume of output of purified water from the permeate line or the pump running time taken for obtaining a predetermined volume of purified water. It is more preferable to use the output volume of purified water from the permeate line as the parameter for closing the second valve to start the process of cleaning the membrane module.
  • a purified water chamber is placed downstream the second valve and more preferably a liquid float sensor which senses the volume of the purified water is located inside the purified water chamber. Therefore, it is preferred that the predetermined volume at which the second valve closes is dependent on the capacity of the purified water chamber. This predetermined volume is designed depending on the capacity of the purified water chamber.
  • the second valve is closed when the volume sensor located downstream of the second valve senses a predetermined output volume of purified water. In a more preferred embodiment the second valve is closed after the volume sensor senses predetermined output volume of purified water in the range of 2 to 200 litres.
  • the second valve is closed after a predetermined time period of 10 minutes to 20 days of operation of the purifier. It is preferred that the time is determined depending on the output volume of purified water.
  • the pump is allowed to continue operation with the first valve open preferably until a predetermined pressure is built up in the closed chamber or a predetermined volume of water is collected in the closed chamber or by pre-determining the time required for the pressure build up or for the predetermined volume of water collection in the closed chamber.
  • the time required to close the pump after the closure of the second valve depends on the pressure build up in the closed chamber. More preferably the pressure which is required to be achieved in the closed chamber is selected and the time is recorded which takes to reach to that pressure and the timer is then set at this predetermined time to achieve the desired pressure.
  • the pump is allowed to continue operation with the first valve open more preferably until a predetermined pressure is built up in the closed chamber.
  • the pump is allowed to continue operation with the first valve open by pre-determining the time required for the pressure build up in the closed chamber.
  • the pump after closing of second valve the pump is allowed to continue operation until the pressure switch senses a predetermined pressure in the closed chamber in the range of 1 (0.068 bar) to 180 psig (12.41 bar). More preferably the pump is allowed to continue operation untill the pressure in the closed chamber is in the range of 5 to 100 psig (0.34 bar to 6.89 bar) and yet more preferably 20 to 100 psig (1.37 bar to 6.89 bar) and most preferably the pump is allowed to continue operation until the pressure in the closed chamber is in the range of 30 to 50 psig (2.06 bar to 3.44 bar).
  • the pump is allowed to continue operation until the timer senses a predetermined time period of 0.30 minutes to 120 minutes more preferably from 0.5 minute to 60 minutes.
  • the pump is allowed to continue operation until 10 ml to 2 liters more preferably 100 ml to 500ml of water is collected in the closed chamber. This water is utilised to clean the membrane module.
  • the purified water is driven through the membrane module in the reverse direction till the built-up pressure in the closed chamber dissipates to ⁇ 1 psig ( ⁇ 0.068 bar) pressure or more preferably pressure of 0 to 0.99 psig.
  • first and second valves may be efficiently controlled using electronic control systems.
  • the purified water recovery is at least 50% of the input water. In a more preferred embodiment, the purified water recovery is in the range from 50% - 85% of the input water.
  • the present invention provides a process for cleaning the membrane module wherein preferably the life of the membrane module is increased by 2 to 10 times.
  • the process of the present invention is suitable for membrane based water purifiers with spiral wound membrane modules including reverse osmosis, nanofilter, ultrafilter and microfilter membranes.
  • Typical home use reverse osmosis devices reject ⁇ 70% of the input water while recovering only 30%. This is done as increasing the recovery of water in membrane filtration / separation introduces the following complexities. Higher the recovery of pure water, the more concentrated is the reject water. Higher concentration of dissolved salts in water leads to more scale formation. Higher the scale formation, shorter will be the life of the membrane. Hence low recovery of pure water is practiced to ensure high life of the membrane, which is the critical and expensive component in a reverse osmosis based water purifier.
  • the object of the invention is aimed at maintaining membrane and providing simple sustainable ways to prevent scaling and fouling while maintaining high recovery. Brief description of drawings
  • Fig.1 is a schematic representation of the control apparatus
  • Fig.2 is a schematic depiction of the apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 1 shows a control water purifier system (100). Under the operation of a powered pump (103), the raw water/ input stream (101 ) enters a pre-filter (102) and is made to pass through the membrane module (105) via a valve (104). The water flows out of the membrane module (105) as a permeate water line (106) and a reject (107) water line.
  • FIG 2 shows the membrane cleaning apparatus (200) of the present invention.
  • the raw water/ input stream (201 ) enters a pre-filter (202) and is made to pass through the membrane module (205) via a valve (204).
  • the water flows out of the membrane module (205) as a permeate water line (206) and made to pass through a closed chamber (209), the permeate line from the closed chamber (209) is further made to pass via another solenoid valve (210).
  • the reject water flows out of the membrane module (205) passing through a valve (208) through a reject line (207).
  • the pressure switch (21 1 ) is operably connected to the pump (203) and the closed chamber (209.
  • the timer (212) is operably connected to the second valve (210) and the pump (203).
  • the volume sensor (213) is located downstream of the second valve and is operably connected to the output of purified water and the second valve (203).
  • the reject line (207) is downstream of the membrane module (205). In other words, water flows out of the reject line in the direction of the flow of the purified water or along the direction of flow of the permeate in the permeate line.
  • the input water (101 ) was made to enter the pre-filter (102) and then pass through the membrane module (105).
  • Dow's Filmtec 75 GPD membranes were used as a membrane module.
  • Hi Tech's Pre-carbon filter (Max Flow-1 .0 GPM, Max Pressure 125 psi), and Hi- Tech's Sediment Filter ( Max Flow-1.0 GPM, Max Pressure 125 psi) were used as pre-filters.
  • the experiments were initially setup to operate at -70 % recovery by regulating the reject flow rate through a flow regulator (Throttle valve - TV) (108).
  • the pressure in the input water line (101 ) and reject water line (106) were measured with pressure gauges.
  • TDS Total dissolved salt concentration
  • flow rate and water hardness of the input water (101 ), permeate stream (106) and the reject stream (107) were measured at regular intervals of every -35 liters of permeate (purified water) collected.
  • the TDS of input water (101 ) varied from 800-1000 ppm.
  • Figure 1 shows the schematic representation of the control apparatus.
  • the input water (201 ) from the pre-filter (202) was passed through a first solenoid valve (204) and allowed to enter the membrane module (205).
  • Dow's Filmtec 75 GPD membranes were used as a membrane module.
  • Hi Tech's Pre-carbon filter (Max Flow- 1.0 GPM, Max Pressure 125 psi), and Hi- Tech's Sediment Filter were used as pre-filters.
  • the permeate line (206) for water coming out of the membrane (205) was made to pass through a closed chamber (209). This permeate line (206) was further connected to a second solenoid valve (210).
  • the set-up was operated in such a way that initially both first and second solenoid valves (204) and (210) were open and the whole set-up was operated as a conventional membrane based water purifier.
  • the second valve (210) was closed.
  • purified water started to accumulate in the closed chamber (209) and pressure started to build up.
  • the pressure in the closed chamber (209) raised to -35 psig and the pump (203) was switched off.
  • Delta's Hydraulic Pressure Gauge (Range- 0 to 150 psig) was used.
  • the TDS, flow rate and water hardness of the feed water, permeate stream (206) and the reject stream (207) were measured at regular intervals of every -35 liters of permeate (purified water) collected.
  • the TDS of input water (201 ) varied from 800-1000 ppm.
  • Figure 2 shows the schematic representation of the water purifier with a membrane cleaning system of the present invention.
  • Control system and the water purifier of the invention were operated at permeate recovery of 70%: The control was operated without any system for cleaning of the membrane, or any other scale prevention technology.
  • the input water used was ground water which had a very high level of hardness of around 75 FH and a total salt concentration of - 850 ppm. This constitutes a "torture" test for the membrane since both total dissolved salts and hardness are very high.
  • TDS Salt cone- salt concentration in the purified water
  • Salt cone- salt concentration in the pure water The data in table 2 show that the permeate water flow rate through the system dropped slightly from 320 ml/min, when the membrane was new, to 247 ml/min by the time 1076 liters of purified water had been obtained from the system. Although the recovery of purified water was maintained at 70% which was approximately double of the recovery used in typical home-use reverse osmosis based purifiers, the salt concentration in the pure water stream was only 34 ppm, which is very low for such high recovery, indicating excellent membrane condition. Even after 2389 Liters of pure water extracted from the system, the flow rate of pure water was 238 ml/min, signifying a clean, "as good as new" membrane.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un purificateur d'eau (200) qui comporte une pompe (203) ; un module de membrane (205), la membrane étant une membrane enroulée en spirale comprenant des membranes à osmose inverse, à nanofiltre, à ultrafiltre et à microfiltre ; une première soupape (204) pour réguler l'écoulement d'eau dans le module de membrane (205) ; une conduite d'imprégnation d'eau purifiée et une conduite de rejet d'eau rejetée ; la conduite de rejet comprenant une soupape (208) ; le purificateur d'eau comprenant une chambre fermée (209) et une seconde soupape (210) en séquence, en aval du module de membrane (205) dans la conduite d'imprégnation, ladite conduite de rejet étant en aval dudit module de membrane (205). L'invention concerne également un procédé pour nettoyer le module de membrane (205) du purificateur d'eau (200), ledit procédé consistant à faire fonctionner le purificateur (200) avec la pompe (204) alimentée et les première (204) et seconde soupapes (210) ouvertes ; à fermer la seconde soupape (210) pour arrêter le purificateur (200) et permettre une accumulation de pression dans la chambre fermée (209) ; à permettre à la pompe (203) de continuer de fonctionner avec la première soupape (204) ouverte ; à arrêter la pompe (203) et la première soupape (204) pour forcer l'eau purifiée dans la chambre fermée (209) à travers le module de membrane (205) dans la direction inverse jusqu'à ce que la pression dans la chambre fermée (209) se dissipe à une pression < l psig.
PCT/EP2015/073029 2014-10-28 2015-10-06 Purificateur d'eau et procédé de nettoyage de membrane WO2016066382A1 (fr)

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CN107481780A (zh) * 2017-07-06 2017-12-15 中核四0四有限公司 一种用于含铀废液处理的膜处理装置
WO2018019615A1 (fr) 2016-07-28 2018-02-01 Unilever N.V. Dispositif pour fournir de l'eau chaude purifiée en ligne
CN108793269A (zh) * 2017-04-27 2018-11-13 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 净水器水袋的水位控制方法和净水器
WO2019034879A1 (fr) * 2017-08-16 2019-02-21 John Griffith Filtre à eau
WO2020161109A1 (fr) 2019-02-04 2020-08-13 Unilever N.V. Ensemble membrane
DE102020122029A1 (de) 2020-08-24 2022-02-24 Krones Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Regelung einer Filtrationseinheit
CN114149121A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2022-03-08 佛山市顺德区美的饮水机制造有限公司 净水器的控制方法、控制装置、电子设备和可读存储介质

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US3786924A (en) 1971-07-22 1974-01-22 Delro Inc Water purification system
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WO2001023076A1 (fr) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-05 Zenon Environmental Inc. Module et systeme d'ultrafiltration et de microfiltration
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018019615A1 (fr) 2016-07-28 2018-02-01 Unilever N.V. Dispositif pour fournir de l'eau chaude purifiée en ligne
CN109561790A (zh) * 2016-07-28 2019-04-02 荷兰联合利华有限公司 在线提供纯化热水的装置
CN108793269A (zh) * 2017-04-27 2018-11-13 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 净水器水袋的水位控制方法和净水器
CN108793269B (zh) * 2017-04-27 2021-06-22 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 净水器水袋的水位控制方法和净水器
CN107481780A (zh) * 2017-07-06 2017-12-15 中核四0四有限公司 一种用于含铀废液处理的膜处理装置
CN107481780B (zh) * 2017-07-06 2019-09-17 中核四0四有限公司 一种用于含铀废液处理的膜处理装置
WO2019034879A1 (fr) * 2017-08-16 2019-02-21 John Griffith Filtre à eau
CN111194297A (zh) * 2017-08-16 2020-05-22 约翰·格里菲斯 滤水器
WO2020161109A1 (fr) 2019-02-04 2020-08-13 Unilever N.V. Ensemble membrane
DE102020122029A1 (de) 2020-08-24 2022-02-24 Krones Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Regelung einer Filtrationseinheit
CN114149121A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2022-03-08 佛山市顺德区美的饮水机制造有限公司 净水器的控制方法、控制装置、电子设备和可读存储介质

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