Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2896—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against molecules with a "CD"-designation, not provided for elsewhere
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
  • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
  • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
  • C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
  • C12N5/0636—T lymphocytes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
  • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
  • G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
  • G01N33/5047—Cells of the immune system
  • G01N33/505—Cells of the immune system involving T-cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
  • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
  • C07K2319/30—Non-immunoglobulin-derived peptide or protein having an immunoglobulin constant or Fc region, or a fragment thereof, attached thereto
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
  • C12N2501/50—Cell markers; Cell surface determinants
  • C12N2501/599—Cell markers; Cell surface determinants with CD designations not provided for elsewhere

Definitions

• SLAMF 1 antagonists include, but are not limited to, methods of treating cancer.
• SLAMF 1 antagonists include, but are not limited to, antibodies that bind SLAMF 1.
• TCRs T-cell receptors
• the inhibitory signals or "immune checkpoints,” play an important role in normal tissues by preventing autoimmunity. Up-regulation of immune checkpoint proteins allows cancers to evade anti-tumor immunity.
• CTL4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4
• PD1 programmed cell death protein 1
• An anti-CTLA4 antibody has been approved for treatment of metastatic melanoma and is currently in clinical trials for other cancers.
• methods of treating cancer and/or inhibiting suppression of activated T cells further comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a therapeutic agent selected from chemotherapeutic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents, growth inhibitory agents, and anti-neoplastic compositions.
• a therapeutic agent selected from chemotherapeutic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents, growth inhibitory agents, and anti-neoplastic compositions.
• the anti-neoplastic composition comprises an immune stimulating agent.
• the immune stimulating agent is chosen from agents falling within one or more of the following categories:
• a SLAMFl antagonist reduces suppression of proliferation of activated T cells by at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80%.
• the activated T cells are CD3+ T cells.
• the activated T cells are IL-2-activated CD3+ T cells.
• the SLAMFl antagonist may be a SLAMF 1 extracellular domain (ECD) or a SLAMF 1 ECD fusion molecule.
• ECD extracellular domain
• SLAMFl ECD or SLAMFl ECD fusion molecule is monomeric.
• SLAMFl ECD or SLAMFl ECD fusion molecule is dimeric.
• the SLAMF l antagonist may be a small molecule or a small peptide.
• nucleic acid molecule and “polynucleotide” may be used interchangeably, and refer to a polymer of nucleotides. Such polymers of nucleotides may contain natural and/or non-natural nucleotides, and include, but are not limited to, DNA, RNA, and PNA.
• Nucleic acid sequence refers to the linear sequence of nucleotides that comprise the nucleic acid molecule or polynucleotide.
• a “native sequence” polypeptide comprises a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as a polypeptide found in nature.
• a native sequence polypeptide can have the amino acid sequence of naturally occurring polypeptide from any mammal.
• Such native sequence polypeptide can be isolated from nature or can be produced by recombinant or synthetic means.
• the term "native sequence” polypeptide specifically encompasses naturally occurring truncated or secreted forms of the polypeptide (e.g., an extracellular domain sequence), naturally occurring variant forms (e.g., alternatively spliced forms) and naturally occurring allelic variants of the polypeptide.
• Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity and “homology” with respect to a peptide, polypeptide or antibody sequence are defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the specific peptide or polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or MEGALIGNTM (DNASTAR) software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
• a SLAMF 1 antibody binds to an epitope of SLAMF 1 that is conserved among SLAMF 1 from different species. In some embodiments, a SLAMF 1 antibody binds to the same epitope as a human or humanized SLAMF 1 antibody that binds human SLAMF 1.
• antibody as used herein further refers to a molecule comprising complementarity-determining region (CDR) 1, CDR2, and CDR3 of a heavy chain and CDRl, CDR2, and CDR3 of a light chain, wherein the molecule is capable of binding to antigen.
• CDR complementarity-determining region
• the term antibody includes, but is not limited to, fragments that are capable of binding antigen, such as Fv, single-chain Fv (scFv), Fab, Fab', and (Fab')2.
• the term antibody also includes, but is not limited to, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, and antibodies of various species such as mouse, human, cynomolgus monkey, etc.
• an antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region.
• an antibody comprises at least one heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region and at least a portion of a heavy chain constant region, and at least one light chain comprising a light chain variable region and at least a portion of a light chain constant region.
• an antibody comprises two heavy chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable region and at least a portion of a heavy chain constant region, and two light chains, wherein each light chain comprises a light chain variable region and at least a portion of a light chain constant region.
• a single-chain Fv or any other antibody that comprises, for example, a single polypeptide chain comprising all six CDRs (three heavy chain CDRs and three light chain CDRs) is considered to have a heavy chain and a light chain.
• scFv single-chain Fv
• any other antibody that comprises, for example, a single polypeptide chain comprising all six CDRs (three heavy chain CDRs and three light chain CDRs) is considered to have a heavy chain and a light chain.
• heavy chain variable region refers to a region comprising heavy chain CDR1, framework (FR) 2, CDR2, FR3, and CDR3.
• a heavy chain variable region also comprises at least a portion of an FRl, which is N-terminal to CDR1, and/or at least a portion of an FR4, which is C-terminal to CDR3.
• heavy chain constant region refers to a region comprising at least three heavy chain constant domains, CHI , CH2, and CH3.
• Nonlimiting exemplary heavy chain constant regions include ⁇ , ⁇ , and a.
• Nonlimiting exemplary heavy chain constant regions also include ⁇ and ⁇ .
• Each heavy constant region corresponds to an antibody isotype.
• an antibody comprising a ⁇ constant region is an IgG antibody
• an antibody comprising a ⁇ constant region is an IgD antibody
• an antibody comprising an a constant region is an IgA antibody.
• an antibody comprising a ⁇ constant region is an IgM antibody
• an antibody comprising an ⁇ constant region is an IgE antibody.
• IgG antibodies include, but are not limited to, IgGl (comprising a ⁇ constant region), IgG2 (comprising a 72 constant region), IgG3 (comprising a 73 constant region), and IgG4 (comprising a ⁇ 4 constant region) antibodies;
• IgA antibodies include, but are not limited to, IgAl (comprising an ai constant region) and IgA2 (comprising an 012 constant region) antibodies;
• IgM antibodies include, but are not limited to, IgMl and IgM2.
• heavy chain refers to a polypeptide comprising at least a heavy chain variable region, with or without a leader sequence.
• a heavy chain comprises at least a portion of a heavy chain constant region.
• full- length heavy chain refers to a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain variable region and a heavy chain constant region, with or without a leader sequence.
• light chain variable region refers to a region comprising light chain CDR1, framework (FR) 2, CDR2, FR3, and CDR3.
• a light chain variable region also comprises an FRl and/or an FR4.
• light chain constant region refers to a region comprising a light chain constant domain, CL.
• Nonlimiting exemplary light chain constant regions include ⁇ and ⁇ .
• light chain refers to a polypeptide comprising at least a light chain variable region, with or without a leader sequence.
• a light chain comprises at least a portion of a light chain constant region.
• full-length light chain refers to a polypeptide comprising a light chain variable region and a light chain constant region, with or without a leader sequence.
• an "antibody that binds to the same epitope” as a reference antibody refers to an antibody that blocks binding of the reference antibody to its antigen in a competition assay by 50% or more, and conversely, the reference antibody blocks binding of the antibody to its antigen in a competition assay by 50% or more.
• the term "compete" when used in the context of an antibody that compete for the same epitope means competition between antibodies is determined by an assay in which an antibody being tested prevents or inhibits specific binding of a reference antibody to a common antigen (e.g., SLAMF 1).
• RIA solid phase direct or indirect radioimmunoassay
• EIA solid phase direct or indirect enzyme immunoassay
• sandwich competition assay see, e.g., Stahli et ah, 1983, Methods in Enzymology 9:242-253
• solid phase direct biotin- avidin EIA see, e.g., Kirkland et ah, 1986, J. Immunol.
• solid phase direct labeled assay solid phase direct labeled sandwich assay (see, e.g., Harlow and Lane, 1988, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press); solid phase direct label RIA using 1-125 label (see, e.g., Morel et ah, 1988, Molec. Immunol. 25:7-15); solid phase direct biotin-avidin EIA (see, e.g., Cheung, et ah, 1990, Virology 176:546-552); and direct labeled RIA (Moldenhauer et ah, 1990, Scand. J. Immunol. 32:77-82).
• such an assay involves the use of purified antigen bound to a solid surface or cells bearing either of these, an unlabeled test antigen binding protein and a labeled reference antibody.
• Competitive inhibition is measured by determining the amount of label bound to the solid surface or cells in the presence of the test antibody.
• the test antibody is present in excess.
• Antibodies identified by competition assay include antibodies binding to the same epitope as the reference antibodies and antibodies binding to an adjacent epitope sufficiently proximal to the epitope bound by the reference antibody for steric hindrance to occur.
• a competing antibody when a competing antibody is present in excess, it will inhibit specific binding of a reference antibody to a common antigen by at least 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% or 75%. In some instance, binding is inhibited by at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 97% or more.
• An epitope can be contiguous or noncontiguous (e.g., in a polypeptide, amino acid residues that are not contiguous to one another in the polypeptide sequence but that within in context of the molecule are bound by the antigen binding protein).
• epitopes may be mimetic in that they comprise a three dimensional structure that is similar to an epitope used to generate the antibody, yet comprise none or only some of the amino acid residues found in that epitope used to generate the antibody.
• Epitope determinants may include chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids, sugar side chains, phosphoryl or sulfonyl groups, and may have specific three dimensional structural characteristics, and/or specific charge characteristics.
• a “humanized antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody in which at least one amino acid in a framework region of a non-human variable region (such as mouse, rat, cynomolgus monkey, chicken, etc.) has been replaced with the corresponding amino acid from a human variable region.
• a humanized antibody comprises at least one human constant region or fragment thereof.
• a humanized antibody is an Fab, an scFv, a (Fab')2, etc.
• CDR-grafted antibody refers to a humanized antibody in which one or more complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of a first (non-human) species have been grafted onto the framework regions (FRs) of a second (human) species.
• a "human antibody” as used herein refers to antibodies produced in humans, antibodies produced in non-human animals that comprise human immunoglobulin genes, such as XenoMouse ® , and antibodies selected using in vitro methods, such as phage display, wherein the antibody repertoire is based on a human immunoglobulin sequences.
• a SLAMF l ECD is monomeric. In some embodiments, a SLAMFl ECD is dimeric.
• SLAMFl ECD fusion molecule refers to a molecule comprising a SLAMFl ECD, and one or more "fusion partners.”
• the SLAMFl ECD fusion molecule is capable of binding SLAMF l 's binding partner on T cells.
• the SLAMFl ECD and the fusion partner are covalently linked (“fused"). If the fusion partner is also a polypeptide ("the fusion partner polypeptide"), the SLAMFl ECD and the fusion partner polypeptide may be part of a continuous amino acid sequence, and the fusion partner polypeptide may be linked to either the N-terminus or the C-terminus of the SLAMFl ECD.
• isolated refers to a molecule that has been separated from at least some of the components with which it is typically found in nature or has been separated from at least some of the components with which it is typically produced.
• a polypeptide is referred to as “isolated” when it is separated from at least some of the components of the cell in which it was produced.
• a polypeptide is secreted by a cell after expression, physically separating the supernatant containing the polypeptide from the cell that produced it is considered to be “isolating" the polypeptide.
• polynucleotide that is contained in a vector inside a host cell may be referred to as "isolated” so long as that polynucleotide is not found in that vector in nature.
• the terms "subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein to refer to a human. In some embodiments, methods of treating other mammals, including, but not limited to, rodents, simians, felines, canines, equines, bovines, porcines, ovines, caprines, mammalian laboratory animals, mammalian farm animals, mammalian sport animals, and mammalian pets, are also provided. In some instances, a "subject” or “patient” refers to a subject or patient in need of treatment for a disease or disorder.
• the source of the tissue or cell sample may be solid tissue as from a fresh, frozen and/or preserved organ or tissue sample or biopsy or aspirate; blood or any blood constituents; bodily fluids such as sputum, cerebral spinal fluid, amniotic fluid, peritoneal fluid, or interstitial fluid; cells from any time in gestation or development of the subject.
• the tissue sample may also be primary or cultured cells or cell lines.
• the tissue or cell sample is obtained from a disease tissue/organ.
• the tissue sample may contain compounds which are not naturally intermixed with the tissue in nature such as preservatives,
• anticoagulants buffers, fixatives, nutrients, antibiotics, or the like.
• chemotherapeutic agents include anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on cancers such as anti-estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example, tamoxifen (including Nolvadex ® tamoxifen), raloxifene, droloxifene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY117018, onapristone, and Fareston ® toremifene; aromatase inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example, 4(5)-imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, Megase ® megestrol acetate, Aromasin ® exemestane, formestanie, fadrozole, Rivisor ® vorozole, Femara ® letrozole, and Arimidex ® anastrozole; and anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate
• SLAMFl as a suppressor of activated T cells.
• SLAMF l is expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and it belongs to a family of 9 proteins that have two extracellular immunoglobulin domains and the majority of which have intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs (ITSMs).
• ITSMs immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs
• SLAMFl may interact with T cells, resulting in an inhibitory signal in the T cells that induces an inactive state (e.g., an anergic or tolerized state). Inhibition of SLAMF 1 activity, for example, with an inhibitory antibody or soluble SLAMF 1 , may therefore enhance immune-mediated killing of cancer cells.
• the SLAMFl antagonist is a SLAMFl antibody.
• the SLAMF 1 antagonist and at least one immune stimulatory agent are administered concurrently or sequentially. In some embodiments, the SLAMF 1 antagonist and at least one immune stimulatory agent are administered concurrently. In some embodiments, one or more doses of at least one immune stimulatory agent are administered prior to administering an SLAMFl antagonist. In some embodiments, the subject received a complete course of therapy with at least one immune stimulatory agent prior to administration of the SLAMFl antagonist. In some embodiments, the SLAMFl antagonist is administered during a second course of therapy with at least one immune stimulatory agent.
• a SLAMFl antibody is a humanized antibody.
• Humanized antibodies are useful as therapeutic molecules because humanized antibodies reduce or eliminate the human immune response to non-human antibodies (such as the human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response), which can result in an immune response to an antibody therapeutic, and decreased effectiveness of the therapeutic.
• HAMA human anti-mouse antibody
• a SLAMFl is conjugated to a label.
• a label is a moiety that facilitates detection of the antibody and/or facilitates detection of a molecule to which the antibody binds.
• Nonlimiting exemplary labels include, but are not limited to, radioisotopes, fluorescent groups, enzymatic groups, chemiluminescent groups, biotin, epitope tags, metal-binding tags, etc.
• radioisotopes include, but are not limited to, radioisotopes, fluorescent groups, enzymatic groups, chemiluminescent groups, biotin, epitope tags, metal-binding tags, etc.
• One skilled in the art can select a suitable label according to the intended application.
• Nonlimiting exemplary signal peptide sequences are described, e.g., in the online Signal Peptide Database maintained by the Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore. See Choo et ah, BMC Bioinformatics, 6: 249 (2005); and PCT Publication No. WO 2006/081430.
• a vector is selected that is optimized for expression of polypeptides in CHO or CHO-derived cells, or in NSO cells. Exemplary such vectors are described, e.g., in Running Deer et al., Biotechnol. Prog. 20:880-889 (2004).
• the assay is carried out substantially as described in Example 3 herein, but in the presence of a candidate molecule.
• the candidate molecule if suppression of T cell activation is reduced in the presence of the candidate molecule relative to suppression of T cell activation in the presence of the SLAMFl molecule alone, the candidate molecule is a SLAMF l antagonist.
• the candidate molecule reduces suppression of T cell activation by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90%.
• the candidate molecule is an anti-SLAMFl antibody.
• T2 and CD 8+ T cells were stained by flow cytometry for the presence of Fc receptors. It was found that the T2 cells express one Fc receptor, CD32b.

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