WO2016062703A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben eines inselnetzes - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben eines inselnetzes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016062703A1 WO2016062703A1 PCT/EP2015/074233 EP2015074233W WO2016062703A1 WO 2016062703 A1 WO2016062703 A1 WO 2016062703A1 EP 2015074233 W EP2015074233 W EP 2015074233W WO 2016062703 A1 WO2016062703 A1 WO 2016062703A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- charging station
- gradient
- network
- feed
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for operating an electrical network, in particular island grid, and the operation of at least one associated wind turbine as well as a charging station connected to the network.
- the present invention also relates to such a network, a corresponding charging station and a corresponding wind energy plant and a connected to the network wind farm with such wind turbines.
- an electric isolated network is to be understood as meaning an electrical network which is separated from a large network such as, for example, the European interconnected network and operates autonomously.
- a large network such as, for example, the European interconnected network and operates autonomously.
- Such an island network is usually actually located on islands or island groups in the geographical sense. But it can also be, especially in a remote area, an isolated, self-sufficient network.
- isolated networks The operation of isolated networks is known and is described, for example, in the two US patent applications US 10 / 380,786 and US 10 / 506,944. In particular, it describes how to provide as much energy as possible from wind turbines for an isolated grid. If these do not supply enough energy, energy from energy storage devices is added and if that is not enough, a diesel generator can be switched on. It can be disadvantageous that a predominant consumption of the energy of a battery shortens the service life of this battery, sometimes significantly shortened. In addition to the costs that would then arise for the replacement of a battery, it is undesirable, especially in isolated networks, to carry out unnecessary repair or repair measures. This is particularly unfavorable if this secondarily the operation of the island network is endangered.
- diesel generators Even a strictly demand-dependent operation of a diesel generator can represent an unfavorable burden for this, which can shorten its life expectancy or maintenance cycles in the long run.
- diesel generators often operate at a certain speed not only very wear-resistant but also very economical. It is thus also advantageous for the diesel generator if its properties are taken into account when operating an island grid.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object, at least one of the o.g. To address problems.
- a solution should be proposed in which the battery and the diesel generator are operated as gently as possible in the island grid.
- At least an alternative solution to previous solutions should be proposed.
- a method according to claim 1 is therefore proposed, namely a method for operating an electrical charging station on an electrical network, in particular an island grid, in addition to electrical consumers at least one regenerative generator, in particular a wind turbine or a wind farm, at least one powered by fossil fuels generator , in particular a diesel generator and at least the electric charging station for storing and returning electric power, and comprising the following steps:
- the feed-in power fed into the grid is the power generated by the at least one conventional generator
- the charging station is controlled so that the feed-in power is limited in their temporal change.
- the charging station is in this respect a system with one or more batteries that can be charged and discharged. Charging and discharging thus takes place via the connection to the electrical stand-alone grid. The battery can therefore be charged with excess power in the network and discharged in the reverse case, thereby feeding power into the grid. Discharging here also describes a process in which the battery is only partially discharged and possibly only to a small extent.
- the island grid is simply referred to simply as a network here.
- Such island networks are also operated as alternating voltage networks and, accordingly, the charging station is prepared to feed an alternating electrical current into the grid.
- the invention is particularly intended for a deployment, but can in principle also be used in another electrical supply network.
- the at least one regenerative generator in particular a wind energy plant or a wind farm, electrical power is generated from regenerative energy sources and fed into the island grid, which is here also representative of other grids.
- the generation of electrical power here is simplified for the conversion of mechanical or other power, e.g. Solar energy, in electrical power. Accordingly, mechanical or other energy is converted into electrical energy here.
- instantaneous power is removed from the charging station from the network and stored in the charging station, especially in batteries, so that as a result energy is stored.
- At least one wind farm is preferably provided, which comprises a plurality of wind turbines. Exceptionally, if the island grid is correspondingly small or if the wind turbine speaking is large, could, for example, the use of only a single wind turbine sufficient.
- diesel generator is available, which is also representative of other possible generators, which are operated by fossil fuels. This could, for example, be a generator operated with oil or gas. Any subsequent explanations, unless explicitly stated otherwise, which are made to a diesel generator, in principle also relate to other possible generators that are operated or powered by fossil fuels.
- the invention now proposes for the charging or discharging of the charging station, as a result of the battery or multiple batteries of the charging station, maximum gradient, namely limit gradient to specify, which can also be referred to graphically as maximum edges.
- an edge is specified with which the power which feeds the charging station into the network should maximally increase.
- This is also referred to herein as the rise limit gradient.
- a value is given, with which the maximum power is to increase, which removes the charging station from the network and with which the batteries are then charged.
- the dynamics of change are specified here.
- Such upper and lower limits may be predetermined to prevent a full charge of the battery or a complete discharge of the battery. For example, when the charge level approaches the lower limit, by decreasing the gradient for feeding electric power through the charging station, it can be achieved that the charge level tends not more or less to this lower limit. This can therefore be achieved by flattening the maximum edge for feeding electrical power into the network through the charging station. It is thus possible to regulate the charging station so that the state of charge remains between these two predetermined limits, without the state of charge is evaluated directly to the controller. Of course, it is also possible to provide a safety query which prevents the lower charge level limit value from being undershot or the upper charge level limit value being exceeded. However, this should be an exceptional precautionary measure and the integrated control can rather do without it and guide the charge level within the desired limits during normal operation of the stand-alone grid without directly monitoring these limits each time.
- the proposed method can basically be used for two constellations.
- the feed-in power is composed of the power of the at least one regenerative generator and the power of the charging station.
- These regenerative generators and the charging station are to this extent grouped together.
- the charging station can be part of a wind farm with several wind turbines. If the wind power fluctuates too much to stay in this example, the charging station can counteract accordingly.
- the injected feed-in power can be calculated from the power of these wind turbines and the charging station. Thus, if the wind power drops off sharply, the sum of the feed-in power can comply with the desired predetermined limit of the change by a corresponding increase in the output power of the charging station.
- this combination of the regenerative generators together with the charging station together feeds a power limited in their change into the grid.
- the network in particular takes this composite feed-in performance as little fluctuating and accordingly does not need to compensate for an excessive fluctuation.
- Such a combination of regenerative generator and the charging station so for example.
- Wind farm with charging station can also be supplemented by a conventional or other additional generator.
- Such a generator would then be assigned to this charging station. This means, in particular, that the power of the corresponding regenerative energy producers, the power of the charging station and the power of this additional generator feeds jointly into the grid via a common grid connection point.
- the power fed into the grid by at least one conventional generator is considered feed-in power and its changes are kept low.
- this feed-in power of the at least one conventional generator is considered.
- the conventional generator can basically run permanently stable and evenly. Fluctuations in its feed-in performance, however, occur when it counteracts, for example, as a diesel generator or gas-fired power plant, fluctuations in the network. Especially here is the consideration of an island network based, but this is not restrictive. If, for example, the consumers of the network together consume more power than a moment before, the conventional generator controls and increases its feed-in power to compensate for this increased consumption.
- the charging station is used, which feeds so much power into the grid that it compensates at least part of these power fluctuations in the grid.
- the at least one conventional generator can then be operated with less change.
- this at least one conventional generator is loaded less.
- such a conventional generator is also representative of such generator stations having a plurality of such generators.
- a strong increase in the power to be fed in that is to say the feed-in power, regularly leads to a generator being connected in such a generator station.
- With a corresponding drop in the power to be output at least one generator is switched off accordingly. Especially such too frequent switching on and off of conventional generators is avoided especially for this second constellation.
- the relieving action by the charging station takes place in such a way that the feed-in capacity is limited in its temporal change, ie does not increase too much and does not drop too much.
- at least one limit gradient is predetermined for limiting this time change of the feed-in power.
- This can be a rise limit gradient, which determines with which change per time the feed-in power should maximally increase.
- a reduction limit gradient is proposed, which determines with which change per time the feed-in power should be reduced to a maximum.
- only one of these two limit gradients is given, but preferably both of these limit gradients are predetermined.
- the limitation of the power change can be controlled and at the same time the choice of these limit gradients also gives the possibility to influence this contribution which supports the charging station.
- the choice of the limit gradient can influence the course of the state of charge of the charging station.
- the rising limit gradient and the decreasing limit gradient are different from each other. This can u.a. influence on the mean charging state of the charging station, which occurs over time. Which in the course of time is especially for the period of time of a day.
- the charging station is controlled so that the change of the feed-in power is guided within the increase limit gradient and the reduction limit gradient, and that the change of the feed-in power is positive when the charging station has a charge state that is above a predetermined target charge state, or that the change of the Feed-in power is negative if the charging station has a charge state that is below a predetermined target charge state.
- the reduction limit gradient is, of course, a negative value here.
- the rising limit gradient specifies a rising edge and the reduction limit gradient specifies a falling edge as a limit. The change in the feed-in power is thus kept within a positive and negative limit.
- the charging station While the feed-in power is kept within these two limits, the charging station still has room for maneuver in the concrete leadership. Here it is proposed that it exploits this latitude in such a way that the change in the feed-in power is rather positive if, for simplification, the charging station is well loaded. In this situation, the charging station has a lot of stored energy available and thus tends to feed a little more power, thereby lowering its state of charge along the way to the destination charge state. Otherwise, if the state of charge is comparatively low, the charging station can exploit its leeway so that it tends to feed less power, which, of course, tends to absorb more power from the network and store it. Thereby, the state of charge is guided toward the target charge state.
- the boundary gradients or at least one of the boundary gradients ie the rise limit gradient or the reduction limit gradient.
- at least one of the boundary gradients is adaptively adjusted.
- the limit gradient (s) can then be changed during operation, for example, depending on the state of charge.
- the rise limit gradient could be increased or the decrease limit gradient lowered to cause the charging station to tend to inject more stabilizing power than to extract and store stabilizing power from the grid
- the rise limit gradient could be increased or the decrease limit gradient lowered to cause the charging station to tend to inject more stabilizing power than to extract and store stabilizing power from the grid
- the limit gradient or the limit gradients is preferably set as a function of a mean charge state of the charging station.
- a mean charge state of the charging station For example, with the aid of a filter or an integration, over a longer period of time such as a few hours or a day, the development of the state of charge is observed and averaged to obtain a medium state of charge.
- the limit gradients, or at least one of them can then be adjusted.
- a maximum state of charge can be preset, which should not be exceeded.
- the adjustment may be made such that the average state of charge tends to assume a predetermined charging setpoint, which may also be referred to as a target charge state.
- the concrete setting of the boundary gradients can be checked beforehand, for example, in a simulation.
- At least one of the limit gradients is calculated from a predetermined base limit gradient multiplied by at least one weighting factor.
- a limit gradient that is, the rise limit gradient or the reduction limit gradient
- a weighting factor or the product of several weighting factors together, can then be chosen so that it assumes the value 1 at most.
- the base limit gradient would not be exceeded, or would not fall below a negative value for the reduction limit gradient. In both cases, therefore, the amount would no longer be increased, but at most be reduced by a factor that is less than one.
- At least one of the weighting factors depends on the state of charge of the charging station. Additionally or alternatively, at least one of the weighting factors may vary in the range of 0 to 1. So he can not increase the base limit gradient.
- a further weighting factor may be chosen such that it has at least the value 1, in particular in the range from 1 to 10.
- two weighting factors can be combined, one of which is in the range of 0 to 1 and the other in the range above 1, in particular in the range of 1 to 10. If these are multiplied by the base limit gradient and if this base limit gradient does not increase, the choice of these two weighting factors may be such that their product does not become greater than one.
- the charging station outputs electrical power that is fed into the network together with electrical power of the at least one regenerative power generator when the electrical power of the regenerative power generator decreases with a gradient that is greater in magnitude than the predetermined reduction limit gradient, or
- the charging station receives electrical power to reduce the electrical power supplied to the grid of the at least one regenerative power generator as the electrical power of the regenerative power generator increases with a gradient that is greater in magnitude than the predetermined slew limit gradient.
- the charging station emits electrical power when the electrical power of the regenerative generator, in particular the wind turbine or the wind farm is reduced too much or too fast.
- the charging station can counteract this.
- the charging station receives electrical power and, if the power of the regenerative power generator increases too much or too fast. In both cases, the total fed feed power is kept within the desired limits.
- a time difference between a current second time and an earlier first time is taken into account, and that at the earlier first time as earlier feed-in gradient a gradient of the power is taken into account, which at the first time of the at least a regenerative power generator and the charging station and possibly at least one further generator was fed together into the network.
- measurements are taken at two times, including the time difference between these times. It is based on a gradient of performance at a previous time. In particular, the gradient is used at this earlier time without using the said time difference.
- the power to be output or absorbed by the charging station at the second time is calculated. This is preferably done as a function of the state of charge of the charging station. For this it is suggested that these too the second time to be given or to be included power is calculated from a product that is composed of the time difference and
- the charging station has a charge state that is above a predetermined target charge state, or else from a product
- the rising limit gradient is used when the charging station has a comparatively high state of charge
- the reduction limit gradient is used when the charging station has a comparatively low state of charge, to put it clearly.
- the limit gradients ie rise limit gradient and reduction limit gradient
- a calculation of the output of the charging station to be delivered or to be recorded is dependent on its state of charge.
- the development of the state of charge of the charging station is influenced in order to steer it, if possible, into a desired range.
- different measuring locations are also used for the different measuring times.
- the measured value of the first time point ie the earlier measured value
- the measured value of the second time point that is the current one
- the earlier measured value and thus the first measuring point relate to the earlier feed-in gradient. This will be measured at the entry point into the network, or at a nearby point where the same power will be transmitted.
- the current power output or recording of the charging station is measured in order to set the newly calculated power to be output or to be absorbed by the charging station based thereon.
- the measurement at the first point in time at the first measuring point has a particular influence on the concrete setting of the power to be provided by the charging station.
- the second measuring point is arranged at the output of the charging station. Such measurement at different locations at different times may prevent instability, which could arise from the immediate use of a measurement in a calculation that directly affects that measurement.
- the power to be output or to be absorbed by the charging station is changed by a compensation value as a function of a charging state, in order to approximate the current charging state to a predetermined target charging state. It is thus proposed, regardless of the control of the charging station so that the limit gradients are met, the charging station to charge or discharge to a small extent.
- the charging station can be charged with a low power, while it is not active at all for controlling anyway, for example when the wind farm is calm when it forms the regenerative generator. This can be counteracted a situation in which the state of charge of the desired ZielladeSullivan more and more away. This can also be a phenomenon that occurs, for example, only in one day.
- the charging station feed electrical power into the grid when the electrical power fed into the grid by the at least one conventional generator increases with a gradient which is greater in magnitude than the predetermined rise-limit gradient or Charging station receives electrical power from the network when the fed from the at least one conventional generator in the grid electric power decreases with a gradient that is in magnitude greater than the predetermined reduction limit gradient.
- This embodiment is particularly proposed for the case when the at least one conventional generator and the charging station do not have a common input. feeding the grid into the grid, so the charging station feeds into the grid in such a way that it balances at least part of the power fluctuations in the grid so that there is no longer any need for an excessive power change for the conventional generator.
- the at least one regenerative generator in particular the wind energy plant briefly increases its fed-in power over the power available from the wind at the moment, temporarily increases its fed-in power via the currently fed power, briefly feeds it into the power supplied reduces power available to the moment from the wind, or temporarily reduces its injected power below the instantaneous power fed in, thereby reducing power peaks to be compensated by the charging station or by the at least one conventional generator.
- an advantageous limitation of power changes in fed-in power is proposed by appropriate control of a charging station.
- this can be combined synergistically with a control of the regenerative generator, in particular with a control of one or more wind turbines.
- Regenerative generators, in particular wind turbines preferably generate as much power as is possible due to the current conditions.
- a wind turbine thus generates as much power as possible in the current moment can be taken from the wind. Any resulting fluctuations can be limited by the use of the charging station.
- the wind turbine can increase or decrease its power. It can increase or decrease it above its current value, or else increase or decrease available power from the wind. Such an increase is possible in the short term by using kinetic energy of the rotor of the wind turbine.
- an electrical supply network is also proposed, which can also simply be referred to as an electrical network.
- an island electric network is proposed. This network is prepared to be operated by a method according to any one of the above embodiments.
- a charging station is also proposed, which is prepared to be operated in the proposed network.
- a wind turbine is also proposed, which is prepared to be operated in said electrical network.
- a wind farm is also proposed, which is prepared to be used as a regenerative generator in an electrical network as described above.
- Fig. 1 shows a wind turbine schematically in a perspective view.
- Fig. 2 shows a wind farm with several wind turbines in a schematic representation.
- Fig. 3 shows an electrical network with a wind turbine, a charging station, a conventional generator and consumers according to a first constellation.
- Fig. 4 shows an electrical network with a wind turbine, a charging station, a conventional generator and consumers according to a first constellation.
- FIG. 9 illustrate the control of a charging station according to an embodiment and for the constellation according to FIG. 3 for different conditions with respect to predetermined limit gradients.
- FIG. 11 shows, in each case with respect to the control on which the FIG. 10 is based, the time profile of a state of charge of the controlled charging station.
- Fig. 12 shows an electrical network with a wind turbine, a charging station, a conventional generator and consumers according to a second constellation.
- FIG. 1 shows a wind energy plant 100 with a tower 102 and a nacelle 104.
- a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 is arranged on the nacelle 104.
- the rotor 106 is set in rotation by the wind in rotation and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104 at.
- FIG. 2 shows a wind farm 1 12 with, for example, three wind turbines 100, which may be the same or different.
- the three wind turbines 100 are thus representative of virtually any number of wind turbines of a wind farm 112.
- the wind turbines 00 provide their power, namely in particular the electricity generated via an electric parking network 1 14 ready.
- the respectively generated currents or powers of the individual wind turbines 100 are added up and usually a transformer 116 is provided, which transforms the voltage in the park, in order then to feed into the supply network 120 at the feed point 118, which is also generally referred to as PCC.
- Fig. 2 is only a simplified representation of a wind farm 112 which, for example, does not show control, although of course there is control.
- the parking network 1 14 be designed differently, in which, for example, a transformer at the output of each wind turbine 100 is present, to name just another embodiment.
- the present invention thus relates to a strategy for charging and discharging a coupled to a network energy storage, which makes it possible to limit power gradients, which may arise, for example, by renewable energy producers such as wind turbines or photovoltaic systems.
- the energy storage is also referred to here as a charging station or simply as a battery.
- the energy store or the charging station may include control means for controlling the charging and discharging.
- Various network configurations may be the basis, which may be characterized by the interconnection of the wind turbine, the charging station or battery and the conventional generator.
- the exemplary explanation of the invention is based on a network configuration shown in FIG. 3.
- an electrical supply network 1 is shown schematically, the consumer 2 is to provide electrical power.
- a conventional generator 4 is connected to the grid 1.
- at least one wind turbine 6 and a charging station 8 is connected via a network feed point 10 to the network.
- All schematically represented parts of the network 1, namely consumer 2, conventional generator 4, wind turbine 6 and charging station 8 may also each contain several such elements of their kind or representatively stand for it.
- the wind turbine 6 is representative of a wind farm 6.
- the wind energy plant 6 provides a power P weo (t) and the charging station 8, which can also be referred to as the battery 8 for simplifying purposes, provides a power P bat (t). These services can thus vary over time and their sum is fed into the network 1 at the grid feed point 10. Both the power of the wind turbine Pwec (t) and the power of the charging station Pbat (t) can both be fed into the grid as well as taken from the network. When removed from the network that means for the power P bat (t) of the charging station 8 that so that the charging station or a battery is charged in the charging station.
- the wind turbine 6 essentially feeds in, but could also remove power from the grid, for example via chopper resistors or latches, and thereby use up or buffering if this is necessary or helpful for grid support.
- various switches S are shown symbolically in Fig. 3, which can separate the respective element from the network.
- a feed-in power fed into the network 1 is the sum of the power P wec of the wind energy plant 6 and the power P bal of the charging station 8. This sum can also be referred to as P grid . So this is the power that is fed into the grid at the grid feed point 10 or in the case of a negative sign is taken there.
- the conventional generator 4 also feeds power, which is not mentioned in the consideration on which FIG. 3 is based.
- the wind energy plant 6 and the charging station 8 could be assigned a further conventional generator whose power would then also be part of the feed power P grid fed in at the grid feed point 10.
- a conventional generator ie in particular diesel generator could, for. B. be switched on in low wind, to name just one example.
- the feed-in power P grid be limited in its temporal change. It is therefore proposed that power changes and thus power gradients of the power fed in at the network feed point 10 are kept within limits. This can be done according to the invention via a corresponding control of the charging station 8.
- a certain active power (P bat ) supplied, or withdrawn For such a performance, it is proposed that these be received by an energy storage system, which is referred to interchangeably in this application as a charging station 8 and may be formed as a battery or may include a battery.
- Fig. 4 both the wind turbine power P wgc and the power at the grid feed point P grid at the successive times and t 2 are shown.
- p grid uses an additive from P wec and P bat .
- SoC state of charge of the battery
- Reduction limit gradient - or rise limit gradient - can be specified, which has the following effect on battery operation:
- FIGS. 4 to 9 illustrate for three exemplary layers of a power gradient
- the basic nature of the illustration has already been explained in part above with reference to FIG. 4 and applies mutatis mutandis to the remaining FIGS. 5 to 9.
- These three exemplary positions are also basically for three possible positions of the power gradient and these are:
- the power gradient (t) is greater than the upper limit gradient
- the power gradient J (t) is less than the lower limit gradient j
- the power gradient ⁇ I (t) is smaller than the upper limit gradient ⁇ I P and
- the upper limit gradient is also synonymously referred to as an increase gradient.
- SoC state of charge of the charging station or its battery or batteries
- SoC targe t the state of charge of the charging station or its battery or batteries
- the battery can be in the following two states of charge:
- SoC ⁇ SoC tar
- Table 1 gives for these six cases to the equations according to an embodiment by which the battery output P Bat (f) is determined in order to converge the state of charge SOC as possible to the target state of charge SoC ta rget.
- the table also shows the figures showing the corresponding power gradients for these six different cases.
- SoC> SoCtarget II) SoC ⁇ SoC target
- WP bat (t) (- (t)) ⁇ A; for SoC bat (t) ä SoC target
- the time deviation of the battery state of charge SoC t by the target value SoC target depends on how the wind power changes, which leads to unpredictable power changes and thus to power gradients. In other words, this temporal deviation depends on a stochastic sequence of negative or positive power gradients. These should be limited by the battery operation. The more frequently negative gradients are compensated, the sooner the memory is emptied and vice versa.
- the charging station is controlled such that a gradient of the feed power is brought into a range defined by the rising limit gradient and the reduction limit gradient. It is attempted to change the gradient to either the rise limit gradient or the decrease limit gradient. The decision in between depends on the state of charge. If it is above its target value, the rise limit gradient is selected and otherwise the decrease limit gradient.
- the weighting F is therefore a suitable proportionality factor to be selected.
- the storage medium is a target performance to give, which results from the superimposition of P bat t and P ⁇ at as follows:
- FIG. 10 shows, by way of example for the constellation according to FIG. 3, two temporal power profiles , namely the power P wec of the at least one wind energy plant and the total feed power P grid of the wind energy plant and charging station or battery together.
- the first parameterization sets the above weighting factor F to zero and is also based on two equal and constant values for the rise limit gradient and the reduction limit gradient.
- This constellation is defined mathematically below as "Parameterization 1".
- parameterization 2 a parameterization referred to as "parameterization 2" is used, which is simplified in FIGS. 10 and 11 as “wind + battery (optimized)".
- the weighting factor F is not set to zero and different and variable values are used for the rise limit gradient and the decrease limit gradient.
- Figures 10 and 11 show results only for this second parameterization.
- Fig. 1 1 shows the course of the state of charge of the battery for the second constellation of the control of the power supply.
- a target load state of 50% is drawn in and designated as "SoC target”.
- Wind + battery (optimized): F # 0 (equation [5]) and -, - variable F is therefore variable in time during the second parameterization and depends on: o the current state of charge SoC,
- the dimensionless, positive factor F varies in time depending on the application between the values 0 and 1 (or greater).
- the factor F is hereby changed or adjusted depending on the state of charge. -
- FIG. 10 shows that by the proposed control of the charging station 8, namely by a controller based on the parameterization 2, a very steady feed-in power compared to the feed of the wind turbine without battery can be achieved.
- Fig. 1 1 shows the course of the total feed power P gr id of wind turbine and charging station together as shown in FIG. 10, the associated curve of the state of charge SoC. It can be seen from FIG. 11 that the battery can be operated with comparatively stable state of charge through the parameterization 2, that is to say the preferably proposed control. If the state of charge of the battery drops as a result of a brief drop in wind turbine power, which is the case at about 550 s, the state of charge converges again shortly after its target value SoC targ et.
- FIG. 12 shows, in contrast to FIG. 3, a second constellation of an underlying network 201.
- this network 202 also has the elements or Participants, which were explained in Fig. 3, namely consumers 202, a wind turbine 206, which may also be representative of a wind farm, a battery 208, which is also representative of the charging station and at least one conventional generator 204.
- a wind turbine 206 which may also be representative of a wind farm
- a battery 208 which is also representative of the charging station and at least one conventional generator 204.
- the power P Gen fed into the network by the generator 204 is limited in its temporal change.
- This power P Gen fed into the grid by the generator forms the feed-in power to this extent, which is limited in its temporal change.
- this constellation and corresponding control of the battery 208 or charging station 208 can lead to quite similar results as in the case of the constellation according to FIG. 3.
- the battery 208 or charging station 208 would therefore prevent in this case too much power change of the wind turbine 206.
- the battery 208 will detect and account for all the power variation that results from the loads 202 and the wind turbine 206. For further details, reference is then made above to the parts of the general description which describe features and embodiments for this second constellation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
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KR1020177013480A KR20170071580A (ko) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-10-20 | 독립 전력 계통 작동 방법 |
US15/520,803 US20170317521A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-10-20 | Methods for operating a separate power supply system |
JP2017522035A JP6492174B2 (ja) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-10-20 | 充電ステーションの操作方法 |
BR112017008104-0A BR112017008104A2 (pt) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-10-20 | método para operar uma estação de carregamento elétrica, rede elétrica, estação de carregamento, instalação de energia eólica, e, parque eólico. |
EP15781938.4A EP3210276A1 (de) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-10-20 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines inselnetzes |
CN201580058681.XA CN107078507A (zh) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-10-20 | 用于运行独立电网的方法 |
CA2963441A CA2963441A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-10-20 | Methods for operating a separate power supply system |
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DE102014221555.2 | 2014-10-23 | ||
DE102014221555.2A DE102014221555A1 (de) | 2014-10-23 | 2014-10-23 | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Inselnetzes |
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PCT/EP2015/074233 WO2016062703A1 (de) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-10-20 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines inselnetzes |
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US (1) | US20170317521A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3210276A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6492174B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20170071580A (de) |
CN (1) | CN107078507A (de) |
AR (1) | AR102401A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112017008104A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2963441A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014221555A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI594539B (de) |
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DE102017108579A1 (de) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-10-25 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Ladestation |
DE102017211148A1 (de) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Koordinieren von Ladevorgängen mehrerer elektrisch antreibbarer Kraftfahrzeuge sowie Steuervorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens |
US11165255B2 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2021-11-02 | Moser Energy Systems | System and method for enhanced efficiencies in electrical power distribution |
DE102018215222A1 (de) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Abbau einer Restenergie einer elektrischen Maschine eines Kraftwerks im Falle eines plötzlichen Lastabfalls |
US11394231B2 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-07-19 | Moser Energy Systems | Hybrid generator system and method of operation and control |
DE102019123383A1 (de) | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Speicherstation |
CN112224082B (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-09-16 | 阳光新能源开发股份有限公司 | 一种充电控制方法及储能充电站 |
DE102021201775A1 (de) | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-25 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Verbundes mit einer Turbine eines Kraftwerkes und einer Batteriespeichereinrichtung |
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- 2015-10-20 CA CA2963441A patent/CA2963441A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-20 KR KR1020177013480A patent/KR20170071580A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-10-20 US US15/520,803 patent/US20170317521A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-20 JP JP2017522035A patent/JP6492174B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-10-20 WO PCT/EP2015/074233 patent/WO2016062703A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-10-20 CN CN201580058681.XA patent/CN107078507A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AR102401A1 (es) | 2017-02-22 |
TW201628299A (zh) | 2016-08-01 |
DE102014221555A1 (de) | 2016-04-28 |
BR112017008104A2 (pt) | 2018-02-20 |
JP2017531994A (ja) | 2017-10-26 |
UY36369A (es) | 2016-06-01 |
CN107078507A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
CA2963441A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
EP3210276A1 (de) | 2017-08-30 |
US20170317521A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
KR20170071580A (ko) | 2017-06-23 |
TWI594539B (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
JP6492174B2 (ja) | 2019-03-27 |
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