WO2016062139A1 - 一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮 - Google Patents

一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016062139A1
WO2016062139A1 PCT/CN2015/084917 CN2015084917W WO2016062139A1 WO 2016062139 A1 WO2016062139 A1 WO 2016062139A1 CN 2015084917 W CN2015084917 W CN 2015084917W WO 2016062139 A1 WO2016062139 A1 WO 2016062139A1
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Prior art keywords
blade
adjusting
gear
frame
chamber
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PCT/CN2015/084917
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张效新
张导宇
张秀国
刘海鹏
杨飞
白俊平
白振义
韩艳洁
王星涛
贾雪姣
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张效新
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Application filed by 张效新 filed Critical 张效新
Priority to RU2017111262A priority Critical patent/RU2687546C2/ru
Priority to EP15852882.8A priority patent/EP3211224B1/en
Priority to JP2017522530A priority patent/JP6803332B2/ja
Publication of WO2016062139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016062139A1/zh
Priority to US15/293,124 priority patent/US10458391B2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/221—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
    • F05B2240/2211—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis of the multibladed, low speed, e.g. "American farm" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation equipment, in particular to a single-frame impeller of a wind power generator.
  • the wind turbine uses natural wind energy to drive the blades and the generator main shaft to rotate, which drives the rotor of the motor to generate electricity. It has the characteristics of green environmental protection and has been widely used.
  • the wind turbines are in the form of three-drive blades whose horizontal axes are horizontally arranged.
  • the wind turbines usually rely on increasing the length of the blades, that is, increasing the sweeping area of the blades, and increasing the rated output power, thereby increasing the power of the fan while
  • the overall volume, height and weight also increase.
  • the higher body height increases the overall sway, resulting in lower wind resistance, greatly improving the design requirements of the structure, strength and materials of the whole machine, especially the blade angle adjustment mechanism.
  • Complex, the blade angle adjustment is asynchronous, which increases the production, operation and daily maintenance costs.
  • the fan is sensitive to the wind speed, and the available range of the wind speed is narrowed (when the wind speed is greater than 25m/s, the shutdown is generally avoided).
  • a large amount of waste of wind resources is caused, and the cost of obtaining kilowatts of electric energy per unit rises.
  • the problem of large investment in wind power equipment, long cycle of cost recovery, and low annual utilization hours are widespread.
  • the civil wind turbine is limited by its cost and structure, the blade angle is not adjustable, and the wind turbine overspeed "flying" fault is common.
  • the fan blades of the structure are limited by materials and structures, and during the operation, especially in thunderstorm weather, the probability of breaking the blades by lightning strikes is high.
  • a horizontal axis wind turbine door leaf blade and a retractable wind wheel disclosed in Patent No. ZL201420077847.5, and ZL A horizontal-axis wind turbine propeller-shaped blade and a drum-shaped retractable wind wheel disclosed in 201420078001.3 although partially solving the problems of blade synchronization and reducing the volume of the fan, the wind wheel structure is two to three circular frames. And a plurality of support rod bodies, the weight of the whole machine head part is not reduced, especially the adjustment mechanism of the blade, adopting the method of slotting and steel rope pulling on the frame, the structure is complicated, anti-corrosion, daily maintenance and maintenance are difficult. Moreover, the friction loss of the steel rope and the frame groove is large, resulting in an overall unsatisfactory overall operation and unit power generation cost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine single-frame impeller, which overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art and improves the utilization of wind energy and power generation efficiency.
  • the technical solution of the present invention includes a generator with a horizontally disposed spindle; and further includes a wind wheel frame, a blade, a support base, an inclined support rod, and a blade adjusting device;
  • the blade adjusting device comprises a blade adjusting chamber, a power unit and an adjusting mechanism;
  • the blade adjusting chamber has a horizontal cylindrical shape, and a rear end of the blade adjusting chamber is coupled and fixed at a front portion of the supporting seat, and the blade adjusting chamber and the supporting seat are assembled at a front end of the generator main shaft;
  • the seat and the wind wheel frame are connected by an oblique support rod, the blade adjustment chamber is located at the center of the wind wheel frame, the oblique support rod is evenly distributed around the support seat; the power adjustment unit and the adjustment mechanism are assembled inside the blade adjustment chamber;
  • the blade is fixedly mounted on the blade shaft, and the outer end of the blade shaft is assembled on the wind wheel frame through the bearing bush, and the inner end of the blade shaft extends into the cylindrical side wall of the blade adjustment chamber, and the blade shaft passes through the bearing pad and the blade adjustment chamber
  • the side walls are fitted and restricted by the shoulder or the chuck; the blades are evenly arranged around the blade adjustment chamber;
  • the adjusting mechanism of the blade adjusting device is a gear adjusting mechanism or a link adjusting mechanism;
  • the gear adjusting mechanism comprises a main transmission gear, a double gear, and a shaft end bevel gear;
  • the shaft end bevel gear is fixed on the leaf The blade shaft end of the adjustment chamber is arranged;
  • the main transmission gear is assembled in the middle of the blade adjustment chamber through the gear shaft, and a plurality of double gears are assembled around the main transmission gear, and the double gear is composed of the cylindrical gear and the bevel gear;
  • the double gear The cylindrical gear portion meshes with the main transmission gear, and the bevel gear portion of the double gear meshes with the shaft end bevel gear;
  • the main transmission gear is connected with the power output mechanism of the power unit;
  • the linkage adjustment mechanism comprises a push-pull transmission mechanism, an adjustment frame, a rotating arm and a connecting rod; the push-pull transmission mechanism is composed of a swing arm, a positioning shaft, a main driving arm and a push-pull rod; and a guide rail is arranged on the inner side of the cylindrical side wall of the blade adjusting chamber.
  • the adjusting frame is mounted on the side wall guide of the blade adjusting chamber through a bearing or a roller; the rotating arm is vertically fixed at the end of the blade shaft located in the blade adjusting chamber, and the other end of the rotating arm is hingedly connected with the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod and the adjusting frame Hinged connection; the inner wall of the front and rear end plates of the blade adjusting chamber are provided with corresponding fixing seats, the positioning shaft is vertically passed through the adjusting frame portion, and the two ends of the positioning shaft are mounted on the fixing seat through the bearing and the bearing seat; one end of the swing arm is vertically fixed In the middle of the positioning shaft, the other end of the swing arm is hingedly connected to the main driving arm, and the main driving arm is connected to the output mechanism of the power unit of the blade adjusting device; the two ends of the push-pull rod are respectively hingedly connected to the middle of the swing arm and the adjusting frame.
  • a spoke struts are fixedly connected between the wind wheel frame and the blade adjusting chamber.
  • the blade is a hollow structure, the blade has a curved transverse section, and a support rib is disposed inside; the blade surface is a longitudinal spiral curved surface.
  • the front end of the blade adjustment chamber is equipped with a tapered guide shroud.
  • the power unit of the blade adjusting device employs an electric motor.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts a wind wheel type frame to assemble a plurality of blades rotatable about the axis, the wind wheel frame is made of a metal material, can avoid lightning strikes the blade; and the blade is changed by increasing the number and shape of the blade Connection mode, the two ends of the blade are stressed, the connection strength is enhanced, and the adjustment angle of the blade is increased, which can simultaneously satisfy the use of low wind speed and high wind speed region, and improve the wind.
  • the wind energy utilization efficiency of the machine increases the output power of the whole machine, thereby reducing the cost per unit of power generation, reducing the volume, height and weight of the fan; solving the problem that the output power of the prior art three-blade horizontal axis wind turbine is difficult to further increase
  • the fan can utilize the narrow wind speed range and the blade is easily damaged by lightning.
  • the technical features of the invention greatly reduce the weight, volume and spindle length of the fan head, improve the blade adjusting device, and place the adjusting mechanism in the adjusting chamber, the structure is reasonable, the loss is small, and the loss is reduced.
  • the failure rate is convenient for routine maintenance and repair.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gear type blade adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a blade of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a blade of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the connection between the wind wheel frame and the blade adjusting chamber according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic view of a link type blade adjusting mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the technical solution of the present invention includes a generator 7 with a horizontally disposed spindle, a wind turbine frame 1, a blade 2, a support base 6, an inclined support rod 4, and a blade adjusting device; the generator 7 is assembled in the tower 8 top;
  • the blade adjusting device comprises a blade adjusting chamber 5, a power unit and an adjusting mechanism; the blade adjusting chamber 5 has a horizontal cylindrical shape, the rear end of the blade adjusting chamber 5 is coupled and fixed to the front portion of the supporting seat 6, and the blade adjusting chamber 5 and the supporting seat 6 are integrated
  • the front end of the generator main shaft is rotated with the main shaft; the support base 6 and the wind wheel frame 1 are connected by the inclined support rod 4, so that the vane adjusting chamber 5 is located at the center of the wind wheel frame 1, and the support base 6 is located behind the plane of the wind wheel frame
  • the inclined support rod 4 is evenly distributed around the support base 6, and the blade adjustment chamber 5 is internally equipped with a power unit and an adjustment mechanism; the front end plate of the blade adjustment chamber 5 is equipped with a cone-shaped guide cover 3; the wind wheel frame 1 is made of a metal material
  • the frame body naturally forms a ring-shaped lightning protection device. In the event of thunderstorms, the lightning can be prevented from directly hitting the middle of the blade, causing damage to
  • the blade 2 is fixedly mounted on the blade shaft 9;
  • the blade 2 is a hollow structure, the blade has a curved transverse section, and is internally provided with a support rib;
  • the blade surface has a twisted spiral surface along its longitudinal direction (the blade axis direction);
  • the blade axis 9 The outer end portion is fitted to the wind wheel frame 1 via a bearing shell, and the inner end portion of the vane shaft 9 projects into the cylindrical side wall of the vane adjusting chamber 5, and is engaged with the cylindrical side wall of the vane adjusting chamber 5 through the bearing bush, and passes through the shoulder Or the chuck limit to prevent the blade from axially swaying; the blade 2 is evenly arranged around the blade adjustment chamber 5;
  • the adjusting mechanism of the blade adjusting device is a gear type adjusting mechanism or a link type adjusting mechanism; in this embodiment, a gear type adjusting mechanism is adopted, and a power unit for adjusting the angle of the control blade adopts an electric motor;
  • the gear type adjusting mechanism includes a main transmission gear 12 and a double a gear 11 and a shaft end bevel gear 10;
  • the shaft end bevel gear 10 is fixed to an end of the vane shaft 9 located inside the vane adjusting chamber;
  • the main transmission gear 12 passes through the gear
  • the shaft is assembled in the middle of the blade adjustment chamber 5, and the main transmission gear 12 is equipped with a plurality of double gears 11 which are composed of a cylindrical gear and a bevel gear;
  • the cylindrical gear portion of the double gear meshes with the main transmission gear 12
  • the bevel gear portion of the double gear meshes with the shaft end bevel gear 10;
  • the gear shaft of the main transmission gear 12 is connected to the power output shaft of the motor through a speed reducer;
  • the medium-sized fan can use multiple motors to control the blade angle.
  • the output shaft of each motor is connected with the main transmission gear 12 through the transmission gear to change the transmission ratio and transmit power.
  • a large-scale wind power generator with a large output power is taken as an example.
  • this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the fan is adjusted in the blade chamber 5 and the wind due to the large volume and weight of the fan.
  • Three spoke struts 13 are fixedly connected between the wheel frame 1, and the spoke struts are uniformly distributed in a "shape" shape to enhance the strength and wind resistance of the wind wheel; the adjusting mechanism of the blade adjusting device adopts a link type adjusting mechanism.
  • the linkage adjustment mechanism comprises a push-pull transmission mechanism, an adjustment frame 19, a rotating arm 20, and a connecting rod 21;
  • the push-pull transmission mechanism is composed of a swing arm 16, a positioning shaft 15, a main driving arm 17, and a push-pull rod 18;
  • the inner side of the side wall is provided with a ring of annular guide rails, and the adjusting frame 19 is mounted on the side wall guide of the blade adjusting chamber by rollers or bearings, and the adjusting frame 19 can be rotated along the guide rails in the blade adjusting chamber;
  • the rotating arm 20 is vertically fixed in the blade adjusting chamber
  • the other end of the blade arm 9 is hingedly connected to the connecting rod 21 (also can be connected by a universal joint structure); the other end of the connecting rod 21 is hingedly connected with the adjusting frame 19; the front and rear ends of the blade adjusting chamber 5
  • the inner wall of the board is provided Corresponding fixing seat 14, positioning shaft 15 The middle of the adjusting frame 19 passes vertically.
  • the two ends of the positioning shaft 15 are mounted on the fixing base 14 through bearings and bearing seats.
  • One end of the swing arm 16 is vertically fixed in the middle of the positioning shaft 15 in a "T" shape, and the other end of the swing arm 16 is hingedly connected.
  • the main driving arm 17, the main driving arm 17 is connected to the blade-adjusted power unit by a hydraulic device, that is, the main driving arm 17 is connected with the hydraulic cylinder piston rod of the hydraulic device, and the electric motor (power unit) is connected by the oil pump and controls the hydraulic cylinder to operate; Both ends of the tie rod 18 are hingedly connected to the middle of the swing arm 16 and the adjustment frame 19, respectively.
  • the motor drives the main driving arm 17 to move by the hydraulic device, and pushes (or pulls) the swing arm 16 to swing around the positioning shaft 15.
  • the swing arm 16 drives the adjusting frame 19 to rotate along the guide rail through the push-pull rod 18, and the adjusting frame 19 drives the connecting rod 21 to drive
  • the rotating arm 20 swings to drive the respective vane shafts 9 to rotate, changing the windward angle of the vanes.
  • multiple sets of push-pull transmission mechanisms can be set, which are respectively driven by a plurality of motors, and simultaneously drive the blades to rotate.

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Abstract

一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮，涉及风力发电设备技术领域，包括风轮框架（1）、叶片调节装置、支承座（6）、斜支撑杆（4），叶片调节装置及支承座（6）连接并装配在发电机（7）主轴前端，风轮框架（1）与支承座（6）通过斜支撑杆（4）连接，叶片（2）环绕叶片调节装置通过轴装配在风轮框架（1）内；叶片调节装置设有密闭的调节室（5），调节室（5）内装配有齿轮式或连杆式调节机构。通过改变叶片连接方式，增加叶片数量，提高了风能利用效率，增大了整机输出功率，降低了风机体积、高度及重量，结构合理，方便日常维护、维修。

Description

一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮 技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电设备技术领域，具体的说是一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮。
背景技术
风力发电机利用自然风能驱动叶片及发电机主轴旋转，带动电机转子转动发电，具有绿色环保等特点，已广泛应用。
目前，风力发电机大多为主轴水平设置的其三驱动叶片形式，该结构风机通常依靠增加叶片的长度，即增大叶片的扫风面积，提高额定输出功率，因此增大风机功率的同时，其整体体积、高度、重量也随之增加，较高的机体高度加大了整体的晃动度，导致抗风能力降低，大幅提高了整机结构、强度、材料等设计要求，特别是叶片角度调节机构复杂，各叶片角度调节异步，加大了制作、运行及日常维护成本，同时使风机对风速较为敏感，风速的可利用范围变窄(当风速大于25m/s时，一般采取停机避险)，造成风力资源的大量浪费，获得单位千瓦电能的成本上升，普遍存在风电设备投资大，成本回收周期长，年利用小时数偏低的问题。而民用风机受其成本、结构限制，叶片角度不可调，风轮超速“飞车”故障常见。此外，该结构的风机叶片受材料及结构的限制，在运行过程中，尤其是雷雨天气，遭遇雷击折断叶片的几率较高。
另外，专利号ZL201420077847.5公开的一种水平轴风力发电机门扇形叶片及可伸缩风轮、及ZL 201420078001.3公开的一种水平轴风力发电机船桨形叶片及鼓状可伸缩风轮，虽然部分解决了叶片同步、减小风机体积等问题，但由于其风轮结构为二～三个圆形框架及多条支撑杆体，整机机头部分重量并未减小，特别是叶片的调节机构，采用框架上设槽、钢绳拉动的方式，其结构复杂，防腐蚀、日常维护、维修较困难，且钢绳与框架槽的摩擦损耗较大，导致总体运行及单位发电成本仍不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮，克服了现有技术中的不足，提高了风能的利用率及发电效率。
本发明的技术方案包括主轴水平设置的发电机；还包括风轮框架、叶片、支承座、斜支撑杆、叶片调节装置；
叶片调节装置包括叶片调节室、动力单元及调节机构；叶片调节室呈水平筒形，叶片调节室后端联结固定在支承座的前部，叶片调节室及支承座装配在发电机主轴前端；支承座与风轮框架通过斜支撑杆连接，叶片调节室位于风轮框架的中央，斜支撑杆环绕支承座均布；叶片调节室内部装配有动力单元及调节机构；
叶片固定安装在叶片轴上，叶片轴的外侧端部通过轴瓦装配在风轮框架上，叶片轴的内侧端部伸入叶片调节室的筒形侧壁，叶片轴通过轴瓦与叶片调节室筒形侧壁配合，并通过挡肩或卡盘限位；叶片环绕叶片调节室均匀布设；
叶片调节装置的调节机构为齿轮式调节机构或连杆式调节机构；齿轮式调节机构包括主传动齿轮、双联齿轮、轴端锥齿轮；轴端锥齿轮固定在叶 片调节室内的叶片轴端部；主传动齿轮通过齿轮轴装配在叶片调节室中部，环绕主传动齿轮装配有多个双联齿轮，双联齿轮由柱状齿轮与锥形齿轮构成；双联齿轮的柱状齿轮部分与主传动齿轮啮合，双联齿轮的锥形齿轮部分与轴端锥齿轮啮合；主传动齿轮与动力单元的动力输出机构连接；
连杆式调节机构包括推拉传动机构、调节框、转动臂、连杆；推拉传动机构由摆臂、定位轴、主驱动臂、推拉杆组成；叶片调节室筒形侧壁的内侧设有导轨，调节框通过轴承或滚轮装配在叶片调节室侧壁导轨上；转动臂垂直固定在位于叶片调节室内的叶片轴端部，转动臂的另一端与连杆铰接连接，连杆的另一端与调节框铰接连接；叶片调节室的前后端板内壁均设有相对应的固定座，定位轴由调节框中部垂直穿过，定位轴两端通过轴承及轴承座安装在固定座上；摆臂一端垂直固定在定位轴中部，摆臂另一端铰接连接主驱动臂，主驱动臂连接叶片调节装置动力单元的输出机构；推拉杆的两端分别铰接连接在摆臂中部及调节框上。
进一步，所述的风轮框架与叶片调节室之间连接固定有辐式支杆。
进一步，所述的叶片为中空结构，叶片横向截面呈弧形，内部设有支承筋板；叶片表面为纵向的螺旋曲面。
进一步，所述的叶片调节室前端装配有锥型的导流罩。
进一步，所述叶片调节装置的动力单元采用电动机。
本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明采用风轮式的框架内装配多个可绕轴转动的叶片，风轮框架由金属材料制作，可避免雷电直击叶片；通过增加叶片数量、形状，改变了叶片连接方式，叶片两端受力，增强了连接强度，叶片的调节角度增大，可同时满足低风速及高风速区域的使用，提高了风 机的风能利用效率，增大了整机输出功率，从而降低了单位发电功率的成本，降低了风机体积、高度及重量；解决了现有技术三叶片水平轴风力发电机输出功率难以进一步增大、风机可利用风速范围较窄、叶片易遭雷击损坏等问题。本发明技术特征与可伸缩风轮式风机相比，大幅降低了风机的机头重量、体积、主轴长度，改进了叶片调节装置，将调节机构置于调节室内，结构合理，损耗较小，降低了故障率，方便日常维护、维修。
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明的发明内容作进一步的描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1的齿轮式叶片调节机构结构示意图；
图3为本发明的叶片横截面示意图；
图4为本发明叶片外观示意图；
图5为本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例2风轮框架与叶片调节室的连接示意图；
图7为本发明实施例2的连杆式叶片调节机构结构示意图。
具体实施方式
图中：1、风轮框架，2、叶片，3、导流罩，4、斜支撑杆，5、叶片调节室，6、支承座，7、发电机，8、杆塔，9、叶片轴，10、轴端锥齿轮，11、双联齿轮，12、主传动齿轮，13、辐式支杆，14、固定座，15、滑块，16、摆臂，17、主驱动臂，18、推拉杆，19、调节框，20、转动臂，21、连杆。
实施例1
由图1～图4可知，本发明的技术方案包括主轴水平设置的发电机7、风轮框架1、叶片2、支承座6、斜支撑杆4、叶片调节装置；发电机7装配在杆塔8顶部；
叶片调节装置包括叶片调节室5、动力单元、调节机构；叶片调节室5呈水平筒形，叶片调节室5后端联结固定在支承座6的前部，叶片调节室5及支承座6成一体，装配在发电机主轴前端，随主轴旋转；支承座6与风轮框架1通过斜支撑杆4连接，使叶片调节室5位于风轮框架1的中央，支承座6位于风轮框架平面的后方；斜支撑杆4环绕支承座6均匀分布，叶片调节室5内部装配有动力单元及调节机构；叶片调节室5前端端板装配有锥型的导流罩3；风轮框架1采用金属材料制作，其框架本体自然形成一环形的避雷装置，遇有雷雨天气，可避免雷电直接击在叶片中部，造成叶片断裂损坏，大幅降低了故障率。
叶片2固定安装在叶片轴9上；叶片2为中空结构，叶片横向截面呈弧形，内部设有支承筋板；叶片表面沿其纵向方向(叶片轴方向)呈扭曲的螺旋曲面；叶片轴9的外侧端部通过轴瓦装配在风轮框架1上，叶片轴9的内侧端部伸入叶片调节室5的筒形侧壁，通过轴瓦与叶片调节室5筒形侧壁配合，并通过挡肩或卡盘限位，防止叶片轴向窜动；叶片2环绕叶片调节室5均匀布设；
叶片调节装置的调节机构为齿轮式调节机构或连杆式调节机构；本实施例采用齿轮式调节机构，调节控制叶片角度的动力单元采用一台电动机；齿轮式调节机构包括主传动齿轮12、双联齿轮11、轴端锥齿轮10；轴端锥齿轮10固定在位于叶片调节室内部的叶片轴9端部；主传动齿轮12通过齿轮 轴装配在叶片调节室5中部，环绕主传动齿轮12装配有多个双联齿轮11，双联齿轮由柱状齿轮与锥形齿轮构成齿轮组；双联齿轮的柱状齿轮部分与主传动齿轮12啮合，双联齿轮的锥形齿轮部分与轴端锥齿轮10啮合；主传动齿轮12的齿轮轴通过减速机与电动机的动力输出轴连接；电动机动力输出通过主传动齿轮12，带动各双联齿轮11及轴端锥齿轮10转动，调节控制叶片转动，改变迎风角度；当风力较大时，可将叶片迎风角度调至最小，减小风阻，保证风机满负荷运行。
根据风机体积、重量，中型风机可使用多台电动机控制叶片角度，各台电动机的输出轴均通过介齿轮改变传动比与主传动齿轮12连接配合并传输动力。
实施例2
本实施例以输出功率较大的大型风力发电机为例，由图5～图7可知，本实施例与实施例1不同的是，由于风机体积和重量较大，在叶片调节室5与风轮框架1之间连接固定有三条辐式支杆13，辐式支杆呈“品”字形均布，增强风轮强度及抗风能力；其叶片调节装置的调节机构采用连杆式调节机构，该连杆式调节机构包括推拉传动机构、调节框19、转动臂20、连杆21；推拉传动机构由摆臂16、定位轴15、主驱动臂17、推拉杆18组成；叶片调节室5筒形侧壁的内侧设有一圈环形导轨，调节框19通过滚轮或轴承装配在叶片调节室侧壁导轨上，调节框19可沿导轨在叶片调节室转动；转动臂20垂直固定在位于叶片调节室内的叶片轴9端部，转动臂20的另一端与连杆21铰接连接(也可采用万向节结构连接)；连杆21的另一端与调节框19铰接连接；叶片调节室5前后端端板的内壁均设有相对应的固定座14，定位轴15由 调节框19中部垂直穿过，定位轴15两端通过轴承及轴承座安装在固定座14上；摆臂16一端垂直固定在定位轴15中部呈“T”形结构，摆臂16另一端铰接连接主驱动臂17，主驱动臂17通过液压装置与叶片调节的动力单元连接，即主驱动臂17与液压装置的液压缸活塞杆连接，电动机(动力单元)通过油泵连接并控制液压缸工作；推拉杆18的两端分别铰接连接在摆臂16中部及调节框19上。
电动机通过液压装置驱动动主驱动臂17运动，推动(或拉动)摆臂16绕定位轴15摆动，摆臂16通过推拉杆18带动调节框19沿导轨转动，调节框19拖动连杆21带动转动臂20摆动，驱动各叶片轴9转动，改变叶片迎风角度。
根据风机的功率、叶片机构体积及重量，可设置多组推拉传动机构，分别通过多台电动机带动，同时运转驱动叶片转动。
本实施例的其它结构与实施例1相同。
应当指出，以上借助优选实施例对本发明的技术方案进行的详细说明是示意性的而非限制性的。本领域的普通技术人员在阅读本发明说明书的基础上可以对各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮，包括主轴水平设置的发电机(7)；其特征在于：还包括风轮框架(1)、叶片(2)、支承座(6)、斜支撑杆(4)、叶片调节装置；
    叶片调节装置包括叶片调节室(5)、动力单元及调节机构；叶片调节室(5)呈水平筒形，叶片调节室(5)后端联结固定在支承座(6)的前部，叶片调节室(5)及支承座(6)装配在发电机主轴前端；支承座(6)与风轮框架(1)通过斜支撑杆(4)连接，叶片调节室(5)位于风轮框架(1)的中央，斜支撑杆(4)环绕支承座(6)均布；叶片调节室(5)内部装配有动力单元及调节机构；
    叶片(2)固定安装在叶片轴(9)上，叶片轴(9)的外侧端部通过轴瓦装配在风轮框架(1)上，叶片轴(9)的内侧端部伸入叶片调节室(5)的筒形侧壁，叶片轴通过轴瓦与叶片调节室(5)筒形侧壁配合，并通过挡肩或卡盘限位；叶片(2)环绕叶片调节室(5)均匀布设；
    叶片调节装置的调节机构为齿轮式调节机构或连杆式调节机构；齿轮式调节机构包括主传动齿轮(12)、双联齿轮(11)、轴端锥齿轮(10)；轴端锥齿轮(10)固定在叶片调节室内的叶片轴(9)端部；主传动齿轮(12)通过齿轮轴装配在叶片调节室(5)中部，环绕主传动齿轮(12)装配有多个双联齿轮(11)，双联齿轮由柱状齿轮与锥形齿轮构成；双联齿轮的柱状齿轮部分与主传动齿轮(12)啮合，双联齿轮的锥形齿轮部分与轴端锥齿轮(10)啮合；主传动齿轮(12)与动力单元的动力输出机构连接；
    连杆式调节机构包括推拉传动机构、调节框(19)、转动臂(20)、连杆(21)；推拉传动机构由摆臂(16)、定位轴(15)、主驱动臂(17)、推拉杆(18)组 成；叶片调节室(5)筒形侧壁的内侧设有导轨，调节框(19)通过轴承或滚轮装配在叶片调节室侧壁导轨上；转动臂(20)垂直固定在位于叶片调节室内的叶片轴(9)端部，转动臂(20)的另一端与连杆(21)铰接连接，连杆(21)的另一端与调节框(19)铰接连接；叶片调节室(5)的前后端板内壁均设有相对应的固定座(14)，定位轴(15)由调节框(19)中部垂直穿过，定位轴(15)两端通过轴承及轴承座安装在固定座14上；摆臂(16)一端垂直固定在定位轴(15)中部，摆臂(16)另一端铰接连接主驱动臂(17)，主驱动臂(17)连接叶片调节装置动力单元的输出机构；推拉杆(18)的两端分别铰接连接在摆臂(16)中部及调节框(19)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮，其特征在于：所述的风轮框架(1)与叶片调节室(5)之间连接固定有辐式支杆(13)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮，其特征在于：所述的叶片(2)为中空结构，叶片横向截面呈弧形，内部设有支承筋板；叶片表面为纵向的螺旋曲面。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮，其特征在于：所述的叶片调节室(5)前端装配有锥型的导流罩(3)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种风力发电机单框架式叶轮，其特征在于：所述叶片调节装置的动力单元采用电动机。
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