WO2016054718A1 - Outil de production de fantômes - Google Patents

Outil de production de fantômes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016054718A1
WO2016054718A1 PCT/CA2014/050975 CA2014050975W WO2016054718A1 WO 2016054718 A1 WO2016054718 A1 WO 2016054718A1 CA 2014050975 W CA2014050975 W CA 2014050975W WO 2016054718 A1 WO2016054718 A1 WO 2016054718A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sections
rigid
flexible mold
phantom
anatomical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2014/050975
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joshua Richmond
Fergal KERINS
Sheryl THINGVOLD
Original Assignee
Synaptive Medical (Barbados) Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Synaptive Medical (Barbados) Inc. filed Critical Synaptive Medical (Barbados) Inc.
Priority to US14/917,233 priority Critical patent/US10144154B2/en
Priority to PCT/CA2014/050975 priority patent/WO2016054718A1/fr
Priority to GB1706913.9A priority patent/GB2546925B/en
Priority to CA2927605A priority patent/CA2927605C/fr
Publication of WO2016054718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016054718A1/fr
Priority to US16/203,720 priority patent/US10913186B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/10—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated venting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/20—Opening, closing or clamping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/30—Mounting, exchanging or centering
    • B29C33/306—Exchangeable mould parts, e.g. cassette moulds, mould inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
    • B29C33/3835—Designing moulds, e.g. using CAD-CAM
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
    • B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
    • B29C33/3857—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining by making impressions of one or more parts of models, e.g. shaped articles and including possible subsequent assembly of the parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1219—Foaming between a movable mould part and the preformed part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2031/00—Use of polyvinylesters or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2031/04—Polymers of vinyl acetate, e.g. PVAc, i.e. polyvinyl acetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0058—Liquid or visquous
    • B29K2105/0061—Gel or sol
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2883/00—Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only, in the main chain, as mould material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/40—Test specimens ; Models, e.g. model cars ; Probes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the current disclosure relates to a phantom production tool for making anatomical phantoms.
  • Phantoms made from PVA hydrogel/cryogel with realistic tactile and haptic properties of the tissues they simulate have by their very nature low mechanical strength and high weight to strength ratios.
  • the process for preparing the phantoms requires thermal transfer away from the material to achieve accurate and repeatable low temperatures to achieve the desired properties.
  • standard tools (and molds) for soft materials are formed entirely from silicone, or from silicone held by a plaster cast exterior so that there is poor thermal conductivity.
  • Soft phantom production tools on their own have a limited life and cannot support inserts for precise insertion of overmolded components.
  • an anatomical phantom production tool that has good thermal conductivity during setting of the PVA material and is rigid to prevent mishaping of the phantom during curing due to unconstrained swelling in the soft silicone mold.
  • the present disclosure provides a phantom production tool for producing anatomical phantoms.
  • the tool includes an outer rigid, thermally conducing shell comprised of at least two outer rigid shell sections which when being used to produce an anatomical phantom are assembled together to form a rigid outer housing enclosing a volume.
  • the tool includes an inner flexible mold which also includes at least two flexible sections with each section being seated in an associated outer rigid shell section. The two flexible sections, when seated in their respective rigid shell sections and the entire tool is assembled, define an inner volume between them. This inner volume has the shape and size of the anatomical phantom to be produced.
  • the rigid shell sections and inner flexible mold sections each have aligned access ports for flowing a liquid precursor of a tissue mimic material of the anatomical phantom into the interior volume of the flexible mold.
  • Each of the outer rigid shell sections and inner flexible mold sections have aligned vents to allow venting of any gases generated during setting or curing of the liquid precursor as it solidifies to form the anatomical phantom.
  • the flexible mold is produced in a way which ensure the inner flexible mold sections are in thermal/physical contact with an inner surface of the outer rigid shell sections.
  • the outer rigid shell housing sections are assembled together confining the flexible mold section in an interior chamber formed by the rigid shell sections and a locking mechanism locks the at least two shell sections together.
  • the locking mechanism is configured to allow the at rigid shell sections to expand away from each other during buildup of pressure as the liquid precursor cures, and to contract back towards each other as venting of the gases from the inner volume defined by the flexible mold occurs.
  • the flexible mold is first produced having an interior volume and shape corresponding to the anatomical part.
  • a 3D model of the anatomical part is produced and then positioned and secured within the interior volume of a first of the two rigid shell members. Shim(s) having an inner circumferential edge substantially matching a circumferential path around the 3D model are then placed around the 3D model supported by a peripheral surface of the rigid shell member.
  • the second rigid shell member is then assembled with the first shell section and the rigid outer shell sections are then secured together using the locking
  • a liquid precursor for the flexible mold material is flowed into and fills the interior volume formed by the assembled rigid shell members until the 3D model is completely enveloped by the precursor liquid. Once the precursor liquid for the flexible mold material is cured, the two rigid shell members are disassembled and the flexible mold containing the 3D model is removed.
  • the presence of the shim(s) ensures the flexible mold is produced in two separate flexible mold sections since the shim(s) act as a divider in the interior volume defined by the two rigid shell sections since the inner peripheral edge of the shim(s) have the contour of an outer circumferential path around the outer surface of the 3D model.
  • the resulting flexible mold has an interior volume, shape and inner surface topography representative of the volume, shape and outer surface topography of the 3D model.
  • Each of the flexible mold sections sits in its associated rigid shell section in good thermal contact when inserted there.
  • an access port and vent is produced in each section aligned with the access port and vent in the associated outer rigid shell section.
  • anatomical phantoms having the shape, size and surface topography of the 3D model can be produced by encasing the flexible mold sections in their associated rigid shell sections, locking the at least two rigid shell sections together and then flowing a liquid precursor for the tissue mimic for the anatomical part through the aligned access ports in the outer rigid shell sections and the inner flexible mold sections to fill the interior volume formed in the interior of the assembled flexible shell.
  • the liquid precursor is then cured, and any increase in internal pressure that develops causes the two rigid shell sections to expand away from each other due the nature of the locking mechanism and upon being vented from the interior the two shell portions can move back towards each other.
  • the increased pressure in the case of phantoms produced using the present phantom production tool comes from a change in density/volume as the liquid formulation changes state from a liquid to a solid.
  • the density of ice is -0.92 g/mL and the volume increase is approximately 8%.
  • Phantoms made from polyvinyl alchol require one or more thermal cycles to cure and produce the cyrogel. In this case good thermal conductivity is needed between the liquid during curing and this is provided by the good thermal contact between the inner flexible mold and the outer thermally conductive rigid shell.
  • Figure 1 shows a top view of a phantom production tool laid open showing a rigid outer shell formed of two sections with a corresponding section of an inner flexible mold located in its corresponding rigid shell section.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the phantom production tool of Figure 1 assembled together.
  • Figure 3 shows the interior of a flexible phantom section with a structural feature supported in a selected location using a support mechanism in an embodiment of the tool.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of a section of the phantom production tool showing a flexible mold section seated within its associated rigid mold section and showing two (2) structural features supported in its interior volume.
  • Figure 5 is the same top view as shown in Figure 4 but now includes a pair of shims resting on an annular portion of the rigid mold section.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view from a top of the phantom production tool assembled together ready to be used to produce a phantom.
  • Figure 7 shows a perspective view from one side of the phantom production tool assembled together ready to be used to produce a phantom.
  • Figure 8 shows is another perspective view from a different side to that of Figure 7 of the phantom production tool assembled together ready to be used to produce a phantom.
  • the term "about”, when used in conjunction with ranges of dimensions, temperatures or other physical properties or characteristics is meant to cover slight variations that may exist in the upper and lower limits of the ranges of dimensions as to not exclude embodiments where on average most of the dimensions are satisfied but where statistically dimensions may exist outside this region.
  • dimensions of the mold or tool may be given but it will be understood that these are not meant to be limiting.
  • patient is not limited to human patients and may mean any organism to be treated using the planning and navigation system disclosed herein.
  • hydrogels refer to materials that are formed by crosslinking polymer chains, through physical, ionic or covalent interactions and are known for their ability to absorb water.
  • An example of a physical interaction that can give rise to a hydrogel is by thermal treatment of the liquid hydrogel precursor which, prior to being subjected to a freeze thaw cycle is a liquid or near liquid. The process of freezing the liquid precursor acts to freeze the water contained in the polymer/water mixture and ice particles causes the polymer strands to be topological ⁇ restricted in molecular motion by other chains thus giving rise to the "entanglement' cross linking to produce the hydrogel.
  • Hydrogels that have been produced by a freeze that cycle are sometimes referred to as "cryogels”.
  • Hydrogels characterized by cross linking that are produced through ionic or covalent interactions typically require a cross linking (XL) agent and/or an initiator and activation by methods such as heat or radiation.
  • XL cross linking
  • an embodiment of an anatomical phantom production tool 10 includes a rigid thermally conductive shell 12 formed from at least two rigid thermally conductive sections 14 which when assembled together form the rigid thermally conductive shell 12 which encloses an interior volume.
  • each rigid thermally conductive section 14 has an access port 16 and a vent port 18 (also seen in Figure 7) extending through its side wall into the interior volume when the two sections 14 are assembled together.
  • An o-ring groove 21 ( Figure 1) located on the inner facing faces of each section 14 allows for an o-ring 23 ( Figure 2) to be placed between the inner faces when sections 14 are assembled with each other to give a flexible seal between the two sections 14 when they are bolted together.
  • Tool 10 includes a flexible mold 20 including at least two flexible sections 22 each sitting in a corresponding rigid shell section 14 as seen in Figure 1.
  • the two flexible mold sections 22 when assembled together sit in the enclosed volume formed by rigid sections 14.
  • An internal volume 28 is produced in mold 20.
  • Flexible mold 20 includes access ports and vent ports (not shown) aligned with ports 16 and 18 in the rigid shell 12 so that a liquid precursor to the phantom tissue mimic material can be injected into the interior volume enclosed by mold 12 and any gas buildup in the internal volume 28 during curing or setting of the liquid precursor can be vented.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the rigid mold shell 12 and flexible mold 20 formed into two (2) halves, it will be understood that both may be made from more than two sections, depending on the structure/shape/functionality of the anatomical part for which the phantoms are being produced.
  • the sections 14 of rigid shell 12 are made of a thermally conductive material, such as but not limited to aluminum.
  • Flexible mold 20 is made of a flexible polymer such as but not limited to silicone. When flexible mold sections 22 are assembled with their associated rigid shell sections 14, the outer surface of mold sections 22 are in physical/thermal contact with the inner surface of rigid shell sections 14 so that conductive rigid shell 12 dissipates heat away from mold 20 when the mold is fully assembled.
  • the interior surface of flexible mold 20 formed by assembling the two sections 22 together has a surface topography that is the same as the outer surface of the anatomical part for which the phantom is being produced.
  • Tool 10 includes a locking mechanism for locking the assembled thermally conductive rigid shell sections 14 together.
  • the locking mechanism is configured to allow the thermally conductive shell sections 14 to expand away from each other upon generation of internal pressure and contract back towards each other upon release of this internal pressure.
  • each rigid thermally conductive sections 14 each have two (2) or more (four (4) is preferable) bolt holes 32 aligned with bolt holes 32 in the other rigid thermally conductive section 14.
  • Bolts 34 ( Figure 2) each having a compression spring 36
  • the phantom production tool 10 may include a removable support mechanism for supporting one or more structural features in the interior volume of the flexible mold 20.
  • Such structural features may be representative of anomalous tissue such as tumors, lesions, blood clots etc. and may be produced of materials selected to mimic the biomechanical and/or imaging properties of actual anomalous tissue.
  • the removable support mechanism includes one or more support rods with the rigid thermally conductive shell and the flexible mold including one or more aligned access ports to receive one or more support rod.
  • a structural feature 40 (a tumor mimic) is shown supported by a rod 42 within the interior volume of a mold section 22.
  • the one or more support rods 42 are configured to hold one or more structural features in specific locations within the interior volume of the flexible mold 20.
  • Figure 4 shows two (2) structural features 40 supported in the interior volume of mold section 22.
  • the rigid shell sections 14 have holes extending through the side wall and angled at various angles so different support rods inserted through different locations can intersect to provide more than one support for the one or more structural feature being supported within the internal volume of the flexible mold.
  • the holes 50 in the side wall of rigid shell sections 14 may be threaded and the proximal ends of the support rods 42 may have matching threads so that the support rods 42 can be threaded into the sections 14 to rigidly hold them in place.
  • the support rods 42 are very thin, such as needles and once the phantom with the embedded structural features 40 has been produced the support rods 42 are removed since the structural features 40 will be supported in the internal volume by the remainder of the tissue phantom material.
  • the interior volume 28 of the flexible mold 20 has a shape and size of a human brain, and is produced, as discussed below, with a surface topography to emulate sulcal folds of the human brain.
  • the flexible mold 20 comprised of at least the two parts 22 needs to be produced.
  • the interior volume of the assembled rigid shell 12 needs to be greater than the volume of the 3D model so that it can be completely enveloped by the precursor mold material.
  • a 3D model of the given anatomical part is placed in the interior volume of one of the rigid shell section 14. It is noted that the 3D model has a surface topography reflective of the surface topography of the given anatomical part as will be discussed shortly.
  • a pair of matching, flat planar shims 60 having an inner peripheral edge 62 having a shape roughly matching the shape of a circumferential section of the the outer surface of the 3D model are supported by an annular section of one of the rigid housing sections 14 between the o-ring grove 21 and o-ring 23 and the peripheral edge of the inner volume of the rigid section 14 in which mold section 22 sits, which can be seen by comparing
  • Figure 4 abent the shims 60
  • Figure 5 having the shims 60 in place.
  • the purpose of the presence of shims 60 is to be able to produce mold 20 in the two (2) sections 22 so that they are separate from each other. This is achieved by the inner peripheral edge 62 of shim 60 touching or being in close contact with a circumferential path around the periphery of the 3D model.
  • the two rigid sections 14 are secured together and a liquid precursor for the flexible mold material 20 is injected into the interior volume of the rigid shell 12 to completely envelope the 3D model of the given anatomical part.
  • the liquid precursor is then cured to produce the flexible mold fully encasing the 3D model thus producing a negative of the anatomical part in the rigid shell 12.
  • the shell 12 is disassembled by separating rigid sections 14 from one another and the flexible mold containing the 3D model is removed.
  • the flexible mold sections 22 are then separated and the 3D model is removed to give the at least two sections 22 of the flexible mold 20 having an inner surface topography reflective of the outer surface topography of the given anatomical part and an inner volume corresponding to a volume of the anatomical part.
  • the flexible mold 20 is complementary in shape to the rigid shell since the latter was filed with the liquid precursor so that when assembled with the rigid shell 12 both units fit together very well.
  • An access port and a vent port are then produced in the two (or more) flexible sections 22 which are aligned with access ports 16 and vents 18 in sections 14.
  • the 3D model may be produced by acquiring imaging data of the given anatomical part of a patient destined to undergo a medical procedure on the given anatomical part, such as the brain.
  • the 3D model is then printed or otherwise produced from the imaging data and has the shape, size and surface contours of the patient.
  • the locations of anomalous tissue is then identified from the imaging data and phantoms with the size and shape of the anomalous tissue (such as tumors) may then be produced.
  • the flexible mold sections 22 are mounted in their corresponding rigid shell sections 14 and with the access ports 16 and vent holes 18 and in rigid shell sections 14 aligned with the corresponding access ports and vent holes in the corresponding flexible sections 22.
  • the rigid shell sections 14 are then assembled and secured together using the locking mechanism, as shown in Figure 2 using the spring loaded bolt assemblies 34, 36.
  • liquid precursor of the anatomical phantom material itself is injected into the inner volume formed by the two sections 22 of the flexible mold, and once filled up setting or curing of the liquid precursor is induced to produce the anatomical phantom and after the liquid has set the rigid shell 12 is disassembled and the flexible mold is removed from shell sections 14 and the two sections 22 of the flexible phantom 20 are separated and the anatomical phantom itself is removed therefrom.
  • phantoms are produced containing of anomalous tissue structures embedded therein.
  • phantoms representing the anomalous tissue structures 40 are supported in the desired locations using the support structure 42 discussed above.
  • structure(s) 40 have been located and properly supported in the interior volume of one of the sections 22, the rigid shell sections 14 are assembled and bolted together.
  • the same process of filing the assembled flexible mold 20 with the liquid precursor is then undertaken as is the rest of the process of curing and removing the produced phantom, with the exception that the support rods/needles 42 may be withdrawn prior to disassembly.
  • the flexible mold 20 once formed may be used many times to produce as many anatomical phantoms as may be needed for either generic use or for a specific patient.
  • the material being used to form the anatomical phantom may be selected to exhibit biomechanical properties of the anatomical phantom, selected imaging properties of the anatomical phantom, or a combination of both.
  • phantoms of the one or more anomalous structural features are produced of materials which mimic biomechanical properties of the one or more anomalous structural features.
  • the material used to produce tissue mimics of the anatomical phantoms may be based on polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-C). Details of these materials and how to produce phantoms are disclosed in United States Patent Publication Serial No. US2014/XXXX, which is the US publication of United States Patent Application Serial No. 14/337,614, filed July 22, 2014, entitled “METHOD FOR PRODUCING ANATOMICAL PHANTOMS WITH CONSTITUENTS HAVING VARIABLE DENSITIES", the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; and United States Patent Publication Serial No.
  • An embodiment of a phantom production tool may include (8) equal segments of the outer rigid thermally conductive sections held together with compression springs allows expansion in all directions thus maintaining the shape/aspect of the PVA phantom.
  • a silicone sphere (recommend at minimum wall thickness of 4mm) should line the inner surfaces of the assembled outer rigid sections along x, y, z, axes, curved paths along xy, xz, yz plains and curves in xyz planes.
  • a jig/needle assembly may be used for threading through the tool.
  • a housing which be injected molded polycarbonate (IM PC) or acrylic which could comprise two (2) halves that seal together with a gasket and tongue and groove followed by a glueing and sterilization procedure.
  • IM PC injected molded polycarbonate
  • acrylic acrylic
  • pins or spikes may be arranged on the interior surface to grip the PVA phantom and prevent rotation.
  • Other housing materials may include thermoset plastics, including but not limited to Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic, polyurethane and other suitable thermoplastic polymeric material.
  • ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
  • polyurethane polyurethane
  • known pressure die casting processes such as "metal injection molding", utilizing low melt temperature alloys, may also be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
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  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Instructional Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un outil utilisé pour produire des fantômes anatomiques. L'outil comprend un moule souple interne qui se situe à l'intérieur d'une coque externe rigide, thermiquement conductrice. La coque rigide peut être fabriquée en aluminium. Le moule en silicone et la coque thermiquement conductrice comprennent tous les deux au moins deux composants de verrouillage. La coque est maintenue par un mécanisme de blocage qui peut se dilater sous l'effet d'une pression interne. Un fantôme anatomique est produit à partir d'hydrogel de poly(alcool vinylique) par congélation et décongélation d'un précurseur liquide de PVA dans le moule de silicone et son démoulage.
PCT/CA2014/050975 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 Outil de production de fantômes WO2016054718A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/917,233 US10144154B2 (en) 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 Phantom production tool
PCT/CA2014/050975 WO2016054718A1 (fr) 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 Outil de production de fantômes
GB1706913.9A GB2546925B (en) 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 Phantom production tool
CA2927605A CA2927605C (fr) 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 Outil de production de fantomes
US16/203,720 US10913186B2 (en) 2014-10-09 2018-11-29 Phantom production tool

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA2014/050975 WO2016054718A1 (fr) 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 Outil de production de fantômes

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/917,233 A-371-Of-International US10144154B2 (en) 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 Phantom production tool
US16/203,720 Continuation US10913186B2 (en) 2014-10-09 2018-11-29 Phantom production tool

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016054718A1 true WO2016054718A1 (fr) 2016-04-14

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PCT/CA2014/050975 WO2016054718A1 (fr) 2014-10-09 2014-10-09 Outil de production de fantômes

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US (2) US10144154B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2927605C (fr)
GB (1) GB2546925B (fr)
WO (1) WO2016054718A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9947242B2 (en) * 2014-07-22 2018-04-17 Synaptive Medical (Barbados) Inc. Method for producing anatomical phantoms with constituents having variable densities
US11373552B2 (en) * 2017-08-17 2022-06-28 Virginia Commonwealth University Anatomically accurate brain phantoms and methods for making and using the same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011103491A2 (fr) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-25 Gaumard Scientific Company, Inc. Modèles de tissu mammaire, matériaux, et procédés

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2412400A1 (fr) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-20 Allibert Exploitation Procede de moulage de recipients en au moins deux materiaux plastiques differents, machine pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede et recipients obtenus
IT1245843B (it) * 1990-09-17 1994-10-25 Ilpea Ind Spa Procedimento per la formatura in stampo mediante colaggio a rifiuto dimanufatti, quali finte pelli o simili, a due o piu' colori, da resine termoplastiche, termoindurenti o elastomeri in polvere,manufatti cosi'ottenuti ed apparecchiatura per realizzare tale procedimento.
DE10025804A1 (de) * 2000-05-20 2001-11-22 Detlef Kochan Universelles Werkzeug zur Herstellung von profilierten Körpern
US7255565B2 (en) * 2004-03-15 2007-08-14 Brian Keegan Anthropomorphic phantoms and method
EP2097889A1 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2009-09-09 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Fantômes de tissus mous précis d'un point de vue anatomique et fonctionnel et procédé pour les fabriquer
JP5824955B2 (ja) * 2011-08-12 2015-12-02 ソニー株式会社 造形物の製造方法
US9381679B2 (en) * 2012-02-24 2016-07-05 Textron Innovations Inc. System and method of manufacturing a composite structure in a closed cavity mold

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011103491A2 (fr) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-25 Gaumard Scientific Company, Inc. Modèles de tissu mammaire, matériaux, et procédés

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201706913D0 (en) 2017-06-14
US10913186B2 (en) 2021-02-09
CA2927605C (fr) 2016-12-20
GB2546925B (en) 2021-01-13
US20160297119A1 (en) 2016-10-13
US10144154B2 (en) 2018-12-04
CA2927605A1 (fr) 2016-04-14
US20190099922A1 (en) 2019-04-04
GB2546925A (en) 2017-08-02

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