WO2016046443A1 - Système de panneaux thermoélectriques et turbines pourvus de systèmes magnétiques pour produire de l'électricité et du mouvement - Google Patents

Système de panneaux thermoélectriques et turbines pourvus de systèmes magnétiques pour produire de l'électricité et du mouvement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016046443A1
WO2016046443A1 PCT/ES2015/070696 ES2015070696W WO2016046443A1 WO 2016046443 A1 WO2016046443 A1 WO 2016046443A1 ES 2015070696 W ES2015070696 W ES 2015070696W WO 2016046443 A1 WO2016046443 A1 WO 2016046443A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
turbines
systems
duct
cylinder
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PCT/ES2015/070696
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Aurelia MARTINEZ VALVERDE
Original Assignee
Martinez Valverde Aurelia
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Martinez Valverde Aurelia filed Critical Martinez Valverde Aurelia
Publication of WO2016046443A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016046443A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S21/00—Solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S20/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • thermoelectric panels and turbines with magnetic systems to produce electricity and movement refers to a system integrated in a structure that can collect solar radiation, as well as wind energy, and transforms it into electricity.
  • the system is provided with ducts that cross the structure, and that house inside turbines in series, from smaller to larger diameter, and that are supported in its turn by autonomous magnetic systems that contribute to the generation of movement minimizing the loss of energy at room temperature.
  • the electric current produced by the thermoelectric panels and / or the turbines can be used to increase the speed and performance of the turbines themselves.
  • the use of autonomous magnetic systems is possible, regardless of the other systems that make up the invention.
  • thermoelectric panels are constructed by at least one black crystal in which the thermoelectric connection heads are encapsulated in the form of plates and which allow the generation of electricity by projecting solar radiation on them.
  • the elements associated with the turbines are constructed of a superconducting material, preferably in the form of carbon nanotubes, forming a structure Compact spiral-shaped coil.
  • a superconducting material preferably in the form of carbon nanotubes, forming a structure Compact spiral-shaped coil.
  • the autonomous magnetic systems installed in the turbines of the present invention allow the generation of movement and / or production of electricity independently of the rest of the systems that make up the invention, such as thermoelectric panels and turbines. In this sense, it should be noted that all electric current generates a magnetic field as it passes through a conductor, but there are losses of heating energy.
  • the system object of the present invention uses the interaction of the magnetic fields of attraction and / or repulsion generated by the passage of the electric current itself through a superconductor of carbon nanotubes to generate movement minimizing the loss of energy in the circuit at room temperature. It is possible to use other superconducting materials such as graphene, fulerenes or tinnene or other similar or equivalent materials
  • the system object of the present invention can be integrated in different structures, but preferably in a candle-shaped structure supported on a vertical cylindrical base.
  • the movement generated by autonomous magnetic systems can be advantageously used to move wheels, motors, generators, alternators and machinery in general.
  • These autonomous magnetic systems use the movement of vehicles, whether cars, trains, airplanes, ships, ships or aircraft, to increase the speed of the turbines.
  • thermoelectric panels contribute to the generation of electrical energy, which is used to activate the magnetic systems that contribute to the movement of the turbines, a movement that is well used to generate more electricity or to generate the movement of other components.
  • the wind that enters the ducts of the system that are integrated in the structure causes the movement of the turbines, which use impeller systems with fixed neodymium magnets and / or the passage of the current to increase their movement.
  • the present invention is part of the sector of energy generation and / or movement.
  • thermoelectric panels and turbines in series with autonomous magnetic systems that interact with a fixed or mobile structure where they are integrated or housed said systems, being its objective the production of electricity in the case of thermoelectric panels and the generation of electricity and movement in the case of turbines with autonomous magnetic systems.
  • photovoltaic solar panels that use solar energy for their transformation into electricity using Silicon plates and similar materials can be mentioned by proximity.
  • these systems have a yield of up to 20%, so the Electricity generation is low.
  • thermoelectric panels that work by temperature difference to generate electricity by the SEEBECK effect, as are the ones used in this invention, and which can also use the heat generated inside said panel to move steam turbines, thermal engines, and heating liquids, fluids or gases, thus there is a double functionality of said panels.
  • wind turbines can be cited as elements that transform the kinetic energy of the moving wind, generating electricity.
  • wind turbines necessarily require the presence of wind to generate movement, being unable to induce air currents due to temperature differences such as the duct system with series turbines supported by their rotation by autonomous magnetic systems object of the present invention.
  • wind turbines need to be blocked when there are strong winds, decreasing their performance in unfavorable weather conditions.
  • the turbines of the present invention unlike conventional wind turbines, do not need to be blocked when there are strong winds due to their design and location inside a duct, thus allowing greater performance in all weather conditions.
  • thermoelectric panels and turbines with magnetic systems for producing electricity and movement has as its object a system according to claim 1, comprising the following elements:
  • thermoelectric panels for generating electricity that are distributed along the surface of the structure, each panel including at least one black glass in which thermoelectric connection heads in the form of an electricity generating plate are encapsulated,
  • At least one duct which crosses said structure and which houses two or more series turbines of different diameter inside and installed from smaller to larger diameter in the direction of the entrance of an induced air stream and wind, and comprising said turbines transverse axes to the duct and some systems impellers with rotor discs and stator discs with their corresponding magnetic brakes, one of the axes of each turbine being a primary axis with the function of stator and another axis a hollow central axis with the function of rotor,
  • said axes and driving systems are constructed of a spiral-shaped superconducting material as a coil forming a compact structure, so that the passage of the electric current, generated by the panels, through the axes and driving systems, to generate electricity and / or movement minimizing the loss of energy at room temperature
  • the objective of the invention is therefore to generate electricity in a clean and economic way from solar radiation using thermoelectric panels that are located on the surface of a structure.
  • the system in order to generate movement, in addition to electricity, is provided with ducts located between two surfaces of the structure that house at least two turbines placed in series from smaller to larger diameter, which move to the to pass electricity through its axles and drive systems, formed by a rotor disk and a stator disk with their corresponding magnetic brakes.
  • the invention also makes it possible to use the electric current produced by some or some of the turbines and circulate it through the drive systems of the other turbines to increase their speed and performance. It is therefore an objective of the invention to use the magnetic fields generated through a superconducting material to produce electricity and movement.
  • the shafts and impeller systems of the turbines which comprise a rotor disk and a stator disk with their corresponding magnetic brakes, are constructed of a superconducting material, preferably carbon nanotubes forming a spiral-shaped, coil-like structure.
  • a superconducting material preferably carbon nanotubes forming a spiral-shaped, coil-like structure.
  • superconducting materials such as carbon nanotubes
  • gases plasma
  • the present invention therefore captures solar radiation by means of thermoelectric panels that use the temperature difference to generate electricity by the Seebeck effect, specifically the temperature difference between the inside of the panel and the outside of the panel that is at temperature ambient, or between the inside of the panel and the coldest part of the structure where thermoelectric conductors are installed.
  • thermoelectric panels can be used to heat liquids, gases, fluids and even move machines, thermal engines or steam turbines, thus having these thermoelectric panels a double functionality: generate electricity and heat.
  • Small-sized thermoelectric panels can be used to supply electricity to computers, small appliances and mobile phones.
  • the system is essentially formed by thermoelectric panels and turbines with autonomous magnetic systems, which allow to increase the speed of rotation of the turbines, said panels and turbines being integrated in the same structure in which the system is integrated, and being able to interact with each other or be used independently.
  • thermoelectric panel of the system object of the invention are:
  • thermoelectric panel used for the collection and concentration of solar energy consists of at least one black crystal that can be tinted. Inside the tinted black glass, the plate-shaped heads are encapsulated, and other shapes of the thermoelectric connections can be used and solar radiation is projected on them. On this black crystal an intermediate crystal with converging lenses is placed and on it a third translucent outer crystal.
  • the translucent outer glass can be doped with metals, gases or include dyes to accentuate its solar uptake.
  • Said intermediate glass may be composed of converging lenses, fixed or mobile, to project solar radiation on the black glass. If the converging lenses are mobile, they can be equipped with electric or hydraulic heads that orient the lenses towards said thermoelectric heads in the form of plates encapsulated inside the black glass, so that the converging lenses will project the solar radiation on the thermoelectric heads of the black glass.
  • thermoelectric heads encapsulated inside said glass can be added with more black or other crystals, in order to increase the panel performance by taking advantage of the heat generated inside it.
  • thermoelectric heads there is also the possibility of using only the black glass with the thermoelectric heads, eliminating the glass with converging lenses and the translucent glass, obtaining a panel of lower performance but lighter.
  • crystals are placed in an aluminum profile that holds and encapsulates the three crystals by their outer lateral contour, forming a compact sandwich encapsulated in vacuo with the three crystals.
  • thermoelectric conductors On the back of each panel there is a junction box through which the thermoelectric conductors come out and are housed in the coldest part of the structure where said panels are installed.
  • This colder part of the structure is preferably constructed with materials that reflect solar radiation, in order to achieve a greater temperature difference between the inside of the panel and the coldest part of the structure, where the thermoelectric conductors are housed.
  • thermoelectric panels In the structure where the thermoelectric panels are fastened or anchored, intelligent hydraulic and / or electrical systems are installed capable of moving and orienting the thermoelectric panels towards the sun, being able to be connected to a system control unit with its corresponding software.
  • the system can be controlled by computer and wifi, operated by remote control, mobile telephony or manually.
  • thermoelectric heads can be encapsulated in the form of plates, being able to use other forms, in materials other than glass, such as metals, ceramic compounds, carbon nanotubes etc. to encapsulate said thermoelectric heads.
  • thermoelectric panels described have a double function:
  • thermoelectric pairs of the materials preferably metallic, more or less electrical current will be produced in said thermoelectric panels.
  • various electrical conductors such as copper, chromium-nickel, carbon nanotubes, fulerenes, graphene, graphite and equivalent or similar materials can be used.
  • LEDs, lamps and other lighting systems can be installed outside the panel to be used as lighting.
  • the motion-generating magnetic systems formed by the turbines, their axes and the drive systems are described.
  • the turbines are housed inside at least one duct located between two of the structure's surfaces, so that said duct crosses the structure, and as many ducts can be installed as the structure design allows .
  • the turbines will be arranged in series starting with the turbine with a smaller diameter and a larger diameter in the direction of the wind and / or air flow induced by the temperature difference generated by the panels inside said duct .
  • the elements that make up the turbines with autonomous magnetic systems and their functions, axes, driving systems, magnetic brakes, turbines and ducts among others, are constructed with a superconducting material, preferably carbon nanotubes, although other materials such as graphene, fulerenes can be used , tinnene, and other superconductors.
  • a superconducting material preferably carbon nanotubes, although other materials such as graphene, fulerenes can be used , tinnene, and other superconductors.
  • they can be constructed with other materials that are not superconductors, such as copper or silver, but the performance of the system would decrease.
  • diamagnetic materials such as pyrolytic graphite.
  • the magnetic motion generating system comprises:
  • a primary axis which functions as a stator, located transversely to the conduit, and anchored to the lateral projections (profiles) of the exterior of the conduit.
  • This primary axis is housed inside the hollow shaft of the turbine (which functions as a rotor).
  • the primary shaft is constructed of a superconducting material, preferably coil-shaped carbon nanotubes forming a compact structure that functions as an electromagnet.
  • the shaft can also be constructed in other materials such as graphene, fulerenes, pyrolytic graphite, tinnene and other superconductors.
  • this axis can be encapsulated and / or install neodymium magnets, electromagnets and / or coils that interact with the magnetic field of the hollow shaft of the turbine.
  • a hollow central axis of the turbine located transversely to the duct, which is anchored to the duct walls where the turbines are housed. It is anchored by bearings with magnetic bearings, which use magnetic repulsion fields to avoid friction, although normal bearings can also be used.
  • the hollow central axis of the turbine is constructed of a superconducting material, preferably carbon nanotubes, in the form of a coil-like spiral forming a compact structure that functions as an electromagnet.
  • the shaft can also be constructed in other materials such as graphene, pyrolytic graphite, tinnene and other superconductors.
  • This axis is hollow and on said axis can be encapsulated and / or installed neodymium magnets, electromagnets and / or coils both inside and outside of said axis, depending on the design used, which interact with the magnetic field of the primary axis (stator) and use the magnetic forces of repulsion and / or attraction to generate movement.
  • This hollow central axis of the turbine houses inside it the primary axis and floats on said axis without friction.
  • Both axes, primary axis (stator) and hollow central axis (rotor), can be doped with metallic particles, magnetic, fluids, gases and other materials to accentuate their magnetic field.
  • the primary shaft (stator) and the hollow shaft of the turbine (rotor) are constructed with the coil-like superconducting material, forming a compact spiral-shaped structure, so that by passing the electric current through the primary axis (stator) and the hollow axis of the turbine (rotor) an interaction of magnetic fields of attraction and / or repulsion occurs, producing the movement of the turbine.
  • the primary axis acts as a stator
  • the hollow shaft of the turbine has the function of a rotor, although these functions can be reversed. Due to its construction, both axes act as powerful electromagnets minimizing the loss of energy by heating at room temperature.
  • the system uses polarity inverters to circulate the electric current with different polarities through the primary axis, the hollow shaft of the turbine and the drive systems described below, to create the interaction of magnetic fields.
  • polarity inverters to circulate the electric current with different polarities through the primary axis, the hollow shaft of the turbine and the drive systems described below, to create the interaction of magnetic fields.
  • the drive systems are located both outside and inside the walls of the ducts where the turbines are housed. These drive systems consist of two discs, a rotor and a stator, with their corresponding magnetic brakes.
  • the rotor discs are anchored to the hollow central axis of the turbines and are equipped with magnetic brakes with male magnetic cylinders. These discs form a single structure with the hollow shaft of the turbine and interact with the magnetic fields of the stator discs and with the female brake cylinder to produce movement and / or braking.
  • stator discs are anchored to the walls of the duct where the turbines are housed, both internally and externally, by means of a hydraulic plunger and forming a single structure with said plunger.
  • stator disks installed as a magnetic crown, interact with the magnetic fields of the rotor disks of the hollow shafts of the turbines to produce movement and braking.
  • the stator discs are provided with the magnetic brake with female cylinder.
  • neodymium or other magnets, coils and / or electromagnets can be encapsulated and / or installed.
  • the rotor discs have a male cylinder, which interacts with the female cylinder that is part of the structure of the stator discs anchored to the duct wall where the turbines are installed, in the form of a magnetic crown.
  • This brake system uses the magnetic fields of attraction to slow the rotation of the turbines without friction. If coils or electromagnets are installed in the rotor discs and magnetic brakes, carbon nanotubes will be used as a conductor to minimize energy losses in the circuit.
  • the rotor and stator disks are spirally constructed as coils, forming a compact structure.
  • the electric current By passing the electric current through these elements, they act as powerful electromagnets minimizing the loss of energy by heating, being constructed with the superconducting material, preferably carbon nanotubes, being able to use other superconductors such as tin, grains, fulerenes, etc.
  • the system also uses a superconducting material as an electrical conductor to minimize the loss of energy due to heating in the circuits, being able to use carbon nanotubes, tin, or other equivalent superconductors.
  • Hydraulic piston attached to the female cylinder that is part of the structure of the stator disks, and which is anchored to the wall of the duct where the turbines are housed, acting as a magnetic brake activator and controlling the revolutions of the turbines when connected to the system control unit with its corresponding software.
  • hydraulic piston can also be operated electrically or manually.
  • switchboard and its software can be controlled through a computer or mobile phone and / or remote control.
  • the turbines are installed in series with autonomous magnetic systems inside the duct and use the same passage of the electric current produced by the different systems, such as thermoelectric panels, turbine systems or the energy reservoir, through of the primary shafts and hollow shafts of the turbines, and of the driving systems to turn, brake and control the revolutions of the turbines more quickly, using the magnetic fields of attraction and / or repulsion generated by the electric current through the superconducting material , preferably carbon nanotubes, which is the material with which all these elements are constructed in the form of a coil as a coil and forming a compact structure.
  • in these elements can be encapsulated and / or installed neodymium or other magnets, coils and / or electromagnets.
  • the turbines are suspended in a magnetic field without friction and are forced to rotate using the magnetic fields of attraction and / or repulsion generated by the passage of electric current. Energy losses in the circuit are also minimized because the system uses a superconductor such as carbon nanotubes as well as tin, graphene, fulerenes, etc. According to the above, all turbine shafts are floating in a magnetic field and the loss of frictional energy during movement is minimized. There is also the possibility of using diamagnetic materials such as pyrolytic graphite, for the construction of the shafts, as well as bearings to float the shafts.
  • diamagnetic materials such as pyrolytic graphite
  • generators and / or alternators can be coupled to generate electricity.
  • the present system uses the electric current that comes out of the generator and / or alternator of a turbine and circulates it through the axes and rotors and stators, with their corresponding magnetic brakes, of the other turbines arranged in series from smaller to larger diameter in the inside of the duct. In this way its speed and / or braking is increased through the carbon nanotube superconductor, minimizing the loss of energy at room temperature, using the magnetic field generated by the passage of the same electric current, before sending said electric current to the accumulator, transformer or distribute it for consumption.
  • polarity inverters or transformers are used, installing diodes in the circuit of the electric current to allow the electric current to circulate in only one direction.
  • the system object of the present invention can incorporate at least one energy reservoir in the form of an independent accumulator.
  • a small part and / or all of the electricity produced in the thermoelectric panels and / or in the turbine system is directed to several independent accumulators before being sent to the accumulators, transformers or their distribution.
  • the control unit will automatically open a double closed circuit to send electricity from the accumulator to the magnetic systems of turbines, shafts and drive systems in order to increase their speed.
  • this circuit also uses a superconducting material, such as carbon nanotubes, energy losses are minimized by heating at room temperature.
  • capacitors can also be used to accumulate electricity or other equivalent systems. You can also use other superconductors such as tin, graphenes, fulerenes etc.
  • the present invention can use all or part of the energy produced in any of them before sending said energy in form of electric current to the accumulators, transformers, or their distribution, by passing said energy in the form of electric current through the drive systems thus increasing their performance and the speed of the turbines.
  • each circuit has different polarities in order to use the interaction of the magnetic fields of repulsion and / or attraction to generate movement and braking.
  • the circuit is provided with polarity inverters so that the magnetic fields that are of interest at all times can be used.
  • the system object of the present invention can be integrated into different structures, whether static or mobile, so that the conduit comprising the turbines transversely inside connects two surfaces or sides of the structure.
  • An example of a static structure is one with an isosceles triangle shape, similar to a candle, and which is fixed to a surface, with respect to which it may or may not rotate.
  • An example of a mobile structure can be a vehicle, boats, ships, and aircraft, which can also use the vehicle's own speed to increase the speed of the turbines, increasing their performance.
  • a static structure where the elements that make up the system of the invention are located is shaped like a right triangle, or a candle shape, although as mentioned, structures with other shapes can be used.
  • this structure in the shape of a right triangle has its wedge-shaped front part designed to offer less wind resistance.
  • the structure is always oriented in the direction of the wind, since said orientation is controlled by the control unit of the system and when it comprises a system for fastening and supporting the structure to a surface, formed by a base of the structure composed of a hollow male vertical cylinder which is inserted into a support base shaped Female vertical cylinder fixed to a surface.
  • Other fastening and support systems are possible.
  • the structure is preferably constructed of a superconducting material, for example compounds based on carbon nanotubes, aluminum, concrete at its base and steel and floats on a magnetic field created by magnetic systems caused by crowns, attached to the male cylinder, preferably welded although they can also be anchored or riveted, and rails inserted in the female cylinder, preferably of concrete, and which is the support base of the sail-shaped structure.
  • the female cylinder can alternatively be manufactured with other materials such as kevlar, titanium, graphite, etc.
  • the base of the structure is formed by a male hollow vertical cylindrical, with magnetic crowns on its outer surface that interact, when the male cylinder is inserted into the hollow female vertical cylinder, with the magnetic rails, resulting in a magnetic anchor between both cylinders.
  • the male hollow vertical cylinder floats the structure, arranged on the male cylinder itself, for its correct orientation to the wind with respect to the second female cylinder.
  • the magnetic crowns of the male hollow cylinder have arms, attached to the outer surface of the male cylinder, preferably welded although they can also be anchored or riveted, with magnetic heads that are introduced into the rails of the female concrete cylinder, floating the system, and thus leaving the structure anchored in the concrete base and floating in a magnetic field using the repulsion fields and without friction.
  • Both neodymium or other magnets can be encapsulated or installed on the magnetic heads of the male cylinder crowns and on the rails of the female cylinder, and / or coils or electromagnets can be installed to create magnetic fields, which interact with the magnetic fields inside of the rail of the female cylinder as well as with the magnetic fields of the crowns of the male cylinder respectively, by floating the sail-shaped structure.
  • the crowns of the male cylinder and the rails of the female concrete cylinder are constructed with carbon nanotubes, as superconducting material, spirally shaped like coils, but forming a compact structure.
  • This support and support system floats the structure, in this example with a sail, on the rails, minimizing the loss of energy and friction by circulating the electric current through the crowns and rails, and changing the polarity of the current by polarity inverters to use the repulsive magnetic fields.
  • the crowns of the male cylinder which are inserted in the rails of the female cylinder, can be braked or blocked, changing the polarity of the magnetic fields, and using the magnetic fields of attraction.
  • a superconducting material such as carbon nanotubes, energy losses by heating in the crowns and on the magnetic rails are minimized.
  • This support and support system can incorporate hydraulic pistons installed on the rails of the female cylinder, and connected to the control unit of the system to act as a magnetic brake, bringing fixed neodymium magnets arranged inside the rail to the magnetic crowns of the male cylinder.
  • These hydraulic pistons are used only if fixed neodymium magnets are used on crowns and rails.
  • the magnetic fields of attraction and / or repulsion generated by the passage of the electric current are used to float, turn and / or brake the structure on the rails.
  • it is possible to use other superconductors such as fulerenes, graphene, tinine, etc.
  • the structure which is preferably shaped like a sail, it can be accessed internally through stairs and / or elevators, which allow access to its internal components, with the base of the female concrete cylinder anchored to the ground through its corresponding foundation and wrought.
  • the female cylinder forms a solid concrete base where they are housed, accumulators, transformers, switchboard system with its corresponding software, computers and other elements. In this base are the access doors to the interior of the structure.
  • hydraulic systems can be attached, both to the concrete base and to the male cylinder that anchors the structure in the female concrete cylinder.
  • the function of these systems would be the elevation of the structure, by means of hydraulic systems.
  • This support and support system consisting of magnetic crowns and rails, can also be used to move wheels, generators, motors, and machinery in general, minimizing friction and wear.
  • a structure incorporating a system such as that of the present invention may comprise the following components:
  • thermoelectric panels with curved shape can be installed, thus adapting them to the outside of the duct and transmitting some of the heat inside the panel to the duct structure.
  • the internal air of the duct is heated in the area where the curved thermoelectric panel is installed by changing its density and inducing air currents inside said duct.
  • These ducts are always oriented in the direction of wind and / or induced air flow through the control unit that controls the system, connected to the anemometer and wind vane.
  • This switchboard with its corresponding software can be controlled by computer, mobile telephony, remote control, and manually.
  • the ducts can be constructed with cold and / or hot materials, such as multi-layer aluminum-based insulators, mirrors etc. that concentrate or reflect solar radiation to induce air currents as we are interested.
  • the composition of the materials with which the ducts are constructed will help to increase the temperature differences between the inside and outside of the duct.
  • the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the conduit also has double functionality, inducing air currents and producing electricity by temperature difference, being able to install thermoelectric conductors in said conduit, for the production of electricity.
  • thermoelectric conductors installed in the duct can be used inversely, due to the Peltier effect, by passing the current through them so that one of its junctions absorbs heat and another transfers it, being able to convert the duct into a refrigerator to increase temperature differences and induce air currents and / or produce electricity
  • the impeller systems composed of rotor discs and stator discs with their corresponding magnetic brakes are installed on both sides of the duct (inner and outer side of the duct).
  • Generators or alternators, multiplier and de-multiplier boxes with regulator, transformers or inverters and in general the whole set for the transformation of the movement into electricity is located outside the conduit and is anchored to the lower external profile of the conduit.
  • the impeller systems composed of rotor discs and stators are equipped with a magnetic brake and are also connected to the system control unit, which controls the revolutions of the turbines at all times, not in this case needing the multiplier and de-multiplier and regulator boxes .
  • This switchboard with its corresponding software can be controlled by computer, manually or by remote control, Wi-Fi and / or mobile telephony.
  • all outgoing bases can be installed outside the conduit for the location of the components.
  • housings fit into the lateral projections as a profile of the lower and upper part of the duct. It is possible to operate these housings manually or by remote control, mobile telephony, computer (wifi), etc.
  • Hydraulically actuated grilles that control the air flow when installed in the inlet and / or outlet of the duct mouth, allowing the duct to be completely closed if necessary.
  • grilles can be blind, and / or use different types of interchangeable grilles and can also be operated remotely or manually. In the system they can be connected and controlled by a switchboard with its corresponding software.
  • the central duct where the turbines are housed forms a single streamlined and compact duct when installing the carbon side housings with vents, which hide the generators, inverters, accumulators and other systems, and are operated to open and close, preferably hydraulically , and controlled by a switchboard with its corresponding software. It can also be activated by mobile telephony, computer (wifi), manually, remote control or other systems.
  • the duct can be constructed or coated with multilayer aluminum-based insulators, paints, or mirrors that reflect or concentrate solar radiation, and other materials can be used to increase temperature differences and induce air currents due to temperature differences.
  • the conduit can be covered with thermoelectric panels that give their heat inside the conduit, increasing the temperature difference between the interior and exterior of the conduit, and inducing air currents and at the same time producing electricity by the SEEBECK effect. .
  • the sail-shaped structure where the thermoelectric panels are anchored and / or installed is preferably constructed with aluminum-based multilayer insulating materials, to create a cold zone in said structure where the outer part of the thermoelectric conductors of the panels are installed, in order to obtain a greater temperature difference, between the inside of the hottest zone thermoelectric panel and the inside of the structure that is the coldest zone.
  • insulators such as polyurethane foams, rock wool, glass wool etc.
  • the solar radiation itself heats the air inside the duct by changing its density and propitiating the air currents in said duct, inducing air currents by temperature difference that move the turbines.
  • the control unit aims to control all the components of the system, for example, the orientation of the structure towards the sun and wind, the revolutions of the turbines, the operation of the magnetic brakes, the rotation and brake of the magnetic crowns of the male and female cylinder of the base of the structure, the intensity of the magnetic fields, the control of the energy in the whole system and its derivation to the accumulators, the verification of the systems, so that the functions of The switchboard are almost unlimited depending mainly on the software used. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • the present active memory is attached, forming an integral part thereof, a set of drawings based on which they will be understood more easily the characteristics of the composite materials obtained from the process of the invention.
  • Figure 1. Represents the three crystals that make up a thermoelectric panel.
  • Figure 2. Shows a perspective view of the thermoelectric panel showing the hydraulic arm and the junction box.
  • Figure 3. Shows a view of the arrangement of the turbines in series inside the duct, from smaller to larger, the outer shell being also represented.
  • Figure 4.- Represents a cross-sectional view of the duct that houses the turbines.
  • Figure 5. Represents in detail the drive system that allows the movement and magnetic braking based on the forces of repulsion and / or attraction.
  • Figure 6. Represents a view of the layout of the turbines from smaller to larger diameter, inside the duct., Curved thermoelectric panels are also represented.
  • Figure 7. Represents a perspective view of the system of the invention integrated in a triangle-shaped structure.
  • Figure 8. Represents a perspective view of the system of Figure 7, where the two parts that form the structure, concrete female cylinder and male cylinder with magnetic crowns are clearly indicated.
  • Figure 9. Represents in detail a magnetic crown of those located in the center of the hollow male cylinder of the base of the sail-shaped structure and the outer rail of the female concrete cylinder.
  • Figure 10. Represents in detail how the magnetic systems of the outer rail of the concrete female cylinder interact, with their corresponding hydraulic plunger with the magnetic crown of the male hollow cylinder represented in Figure 9.
  • Figure 1 1. Represents a scheme of the electrical circuit of the system of the invention and the use of the passage of electric current through the impeller systems (rotor discs and stator discs), shafts, and magnetic brakes, before sending the electric current to the accumulators, transformers or their distribution, to increase the speed and performance of the turbines.
  • the energy reservoir with its corresponding accumulators is also represented in this scheme.
  • Figure 12A and 12B - Represents the integration of the turbine system and thermoelectric panels adapted to vessels.
  • the present invention relates to a system for the generation of electricity and / or movement through thermoelectric panels concentrating solar radiation with thermoelectric connections and turbines supported in their turn by autonomous magnetic systems that contribute to the movement generation minimizing the loss of energy at room temperature.
  • thermoelectric panel is preferably composed of three crystals, an outer crystal (1), an intermediate crystal (2) and an internal crystal (4), as can be seen in Figure 1.
  • the outer crystal (1) is translucent , being able to dop with dyes, gases or compounds that accentuate its solar collection
  • the intermediate glass (2) is provided with converging lenses, which can also be doped just like the outer glass (3) and the inner crystal (4) is black color
  • the converging lenses (3) collect the solar radiation and project it on plates (5) of thermoelectric connections in the form of plates, forming a panel and being said thermoelectric heads encapsulated in the internal black glass (4).
  • FIG. 2 shows a thermoelectric panel (10) that has the junction boxes of the thermoelectric conductors (6) and a hydraulic system (7) provided with intelligent sensors connected to a switchboard (35) and software in order to orient the panels towards the sun.
  • figure 3 shows the arrangement of three turbines (8) in series, which are arranged transversely inside a duct located in the part central of the structure, where each of the turbines is represented together with a hollow central axis (9), a primary axis (1 1), external (12) and internal (12 ') drive systems and the duct wall ( 13).
  • the drive systems which comprise rotor discs and stator disks with magnetic brake, and which can be external (12) and internal (12 ') enhance the movement driven by the magnetic field
  • the primary shafts (11) will preferably be made of a carbon nanotube superconducting material, which may also be tin, fulerenes, graphene or the like, and are constructed in the form of a coil-like spiral, forming a compact structure. Also, on said axes, fixed neodymium magnets, electromagnets and / or coils can be encapsulated and / or installed.
  • These primary shafts (1 1) located transversely to the duct, are fixed and cross the duct walls (13) where the turbine structure is assembled. Its main function is the stator and interacts with the hollow central axis of the turbines (9), which acts as a rotor.
  • the duct (13) is traversed transversely by the hollow central axis (9) of the turbine (8) with this central axis (9) being attached to the duct walls (13) by magnetic bearings.
  • This hollow central axis (9) of the turbine (8) comprises in its interior the primary axis (11).
  • the rotary discs of the drive system are installed in the hollow central shaft (9) of the turbine (8) both on one side (12) and another side (12 ' ) of the duct wall (13).
  • all axes, drive systems (rotor, stator and magnetic brakes) are constructed with a superconducting material, preferably carbon nanotubes, spiral-shaped as a coil, forming a compact structure and using the same step of the electric current to generate movement minimizing the loss of energy at room temperature.
  • a superconducting material preferably carbon nanotubes, spiral-shaped as a coil
  • movement is generated minimizing the loss of energy by being constructed with the superconducting material, which acts as a powerful electromagnet.
  • the different components can be doped with metallic or magnetic particles that make it possible to accentuate the magnetic field to increase the performance of the system.
  • fixed neodymium magnets, electromagnets and / or coils can be encapsulated and / or installed that allows them to maximize movement from the generated magnetic fields. .
  • Figure 3 also shows an outer casing (14) that covers the elements that are located outside the conduit (13).
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the duct (13) that houses the turbines (8), where a turbine (8), the hollow shaft of the turbine (9) and the shaft can be observed primary (11), which is fastened on profiles (15) anchored to the wall of the duct (13), while the outer casing of the duct (14) is anchored to said profiles (15).
  • the drive system can be seen in detail, and it is formed by a hydraulic piston (16), an inner rotor-disk (17), an outer-stator disk (18), and a magnetic cylinder brake male (20) and female (19) and duct wall (13) where the components are anchored.
  • the mode of operation of the system is as follows: with the activation of the hydraulic piston (16) the outer disk or stator (18) is separated from the internal disk or rotor (17) and in turn the female magnetic cylinder (19) approaches the Male magnetic cylinder (20) that have different polarities, so that by means of attractive forces they block and brake the system.
  • the hydraulic plunger (16) is deactivated, the discs return to their normal position and the magnetic drive fields begin to act again.
  • Figure 6 shows the arrangement of the turbines (8) inside the duct
  • FIG. 6 shows the curved thermoelectric panels (21) installed at the end of the surface of the conduit (13), although they can be installed along the entire surface of said conduit.
  • thermoelectric panels (10) that are solar radiation concentrators are distributed throughout its surface and are located on both surfaces of the triangle-shaped structure.
  • the structure comprises at least one compartment, in the figure two compartments, in the form of cylindrical ducts (13) housing inside the turbines (8) and internal drive systems (12 ').
  • the external drive systems (12) multiplier-multiplier boxes (38) with regulators and alternators and / or generators (37) that are covered with a perforated housing for ventilation, preferably constructed in carbon nanotubes (14).
  • Said multiplier-multiplier boxes have the function of regulating the speed of rotation of the turbines, although as already mentioned they are optional.
  • Alternators or generators have the function of transforming the movement of turbines into electricity.
  • the ducts (13) have grilles (24) at the entrance and exit, at least at the entrance, of each duct that can be operated, partially or completely closing.
  • the triangle-shaped structure (22) has a weather vane (25) that indicates the wind direction, an anemometer (26) to know the speed and an antenna connected to the control unit (35).
  • the structure For securing the structure on a surface, it comprises as a base a hollow vertical male cylinder (31) that is inserted into a base support in the form of a female vertical cylinder (29) disposed on the support surface of the structure.
  • This fastening system of the triangle-shaped structure can be used for fastening structures with other shapes.
  • the base of the candle-shaped structure is a male hollow vertical cylinder (31), preferably of a superconducting material, and is anchored by magnetic crowns (27) to magnetic rails (30) arranged in the inside of the female vertical cylinder, which is preferably made of concrete.
  • FIG. 8 This fastening system is shown in Figure 8 where the two structures that form the described embodiment are clearly observed.
  • the triangle-shaped structure (22) provided, among other elements, of the ducts (13) with turbines (8) and the thermoelectric panels (10) is observed, and on the other, there is a male vertical cylinder at the base (31) in which the magnetic crowns (27), male cylinder (31) that are inserted in a base support in the form of a female vertical cylinder (29), arranged on a surface, and which is provided on its face, are installed externally internal rail (30) where the crowns (27) of the male vertical cylinder (31) are magnetically anchored.
  • Figure 9 represents an upper section of the coupling between the male vertical cylinder (31) inserted in the female vertical cylinder (29) where the magnetic crown (27) is observed. which is composed of arms (28) anchored externally to the hollow vertical male cylinder (31).
  • the magnetic rail (30) of the female vertical cylinder (29) in which the male cylinder (31) is inserted is observed so that both cylinders are magnetically anchored by the interaction of the crowns (27) and the rail (30 ).
  • it is a system of magnetic crowns (27) arranged outside the hollow male cylinder (31) that float the structure, in this case in the shape of a triangle (22), with respect to the magnetic rails (30) of the female cylinder (29).
  • These rails (30) are provided with magnetic systems, with hydraulic pistons (32) that act as magnetic brakes, located on the inner front face of the rail (30) of the female cylinder (29).
  • the crowns (27) of the male cylinder (31) and the rails (30) of the female cylinder (29), are preferably constructed with spiral-shaped carbon nanotubes and form a compact structure, which use the passage of the electric current through themselves, to float and slow down the structure, using the fields of attraction and repulsion of the electric current. In the system the loss of energy is minimized by heating at room temperature, by using the superconducting material, such as carbon nanotubes, as a conductor.
  • Figure 8 shows means for accessing the interior of the structure, in particular, through an access door (41), and once inside it, a user can be moved internally through stairs (39, 40) and / or elevators, which allow access to its internal components, with the base of the female concrete cylinder anchored to the ground by means of its corresponding foundation and floor slab.
  • stairs 39, 40
  • elevators which allow access to its internal components
  • the base of the female concrete cylinder anchored to the ground by means of its corresponding foundation and floor slab.
  • Through the hollow male cylindrical one can access the ducts where the turbines are housed, moving a trapdoor from the floor of the turbine duct, and allowing access to said ducts through an elevator and / or internal stairs.
  • Figure 10 shows in detail how the magnetic system interacts inside the rails (30) of the female cylinder (29) provided with the hydraulic piston (32) with the magnetic system of the crown (27) of the male cylinder (31 ).
  • the fastening system of the structure described and shown in Figures 8 and 9, as being used for fastening a structure with any shape on a surface so as to allow the movement of said structure with respect to the support surface of the female cylinder (29).
  • the crowns (27) and the rails (30) are constructed with a spiral-shaped superconducting material in the form of coils, forming a compact structure, and using the magnetic fields generated by the passage of electric current through said elements for floating, rotating and braking the male vertical cylinder (31) with respect to the female vertical cylinder (29), in turn anchored to a surface, so that the structure floats, rotates or brakes minimizing the loss of energy by heating at room temperature.
  • Figure 1 1 shows a diagram of the electrical circuit of the system object of the present invention, where the different components thereof are represented. Specifically, turbines (8), charge controllers (33), transformers (34), switchboards (35) and diodes (36) that allow the passage of electric current in only one direction.
  • turbines (8) charge controllers (33), transformers (34), switchboards (35) and diodes (36) that allow the passage of electric current in only one direction.
  • this scheme it is clearly seen how the electric current is passed through the impeller systems (12, 12 ' ) with its rotor discs and stators with its corresponding magnetic brake, and axles (9, 11), when the electric current leaves by the first generator and / or alternator (37) before sending it to the accumulator (42), transformer (34) or its distribution to increase the speed of the turbines (8).
  • Figure 12A shows a vessel that assumes the structure in which the thermoelectric panels (10) and the ducts that house the turbines (8) are located on the roof of the vessel.
  • Figure 12B shows a vessel that incorporates the system object of the invention in the structure of the sail as well as in the orza.
  • movement is generated by minimizing the loss of energy at room temperature using the same movement of the boat.
  • the system can be adapted to all types of vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

Le système selon l'invention concerne un système intégré dans une structure qui collecte le rayonnement solaire et le transforme en électricité. Le système est pourvu de panneaux thermoélectriques et conducteurs qui abritent dans leur partie interne des turbines en série qui sont soutenues en rotation par des systèmes magnétiques autonomes. Le système est incorporé dans des structures qui peuvent être statiques ou mobiles, qui peuvent dans ce cas utiliser le même mouvement des véhicules, des bateaux et des aéronefs pour augmenter son rendement. Le système utilise un matériau supraconducteur, par exemple, des nanotubes de carbone, respectivement aptes à induire des courants d'air sans vent et à créer des différences de températures pour engendrer de l'électricité et/ou le mouvement avec les mêmes matériaux que ceux dont il est construit.
PCT/ES2015/070696 2014-09-23 2015-09-23 Système de panneaux thermoélectriques et turbines pourvus de systèmes magnétiques pour produire de l'électricité et du mouvement WO2016046443A1 (fr)

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ES201431381 2014-09-23

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2750380C1 (ru) * 2020-01-12 2021-06-28 Александр Анатольевич Волков Способ и устройство производства электроэнергии за счет ветросолнечной панели

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2347942C1 (ru) * 2007-07-23 2009-02-27 Институт проблем управления им В.А. Трапезникова РАН Энергетическая установка по использованию ветровой и солнечной энергии
EP2048452A1 (fr) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-15 Dragon Energy Pte. Ltd. Système de conversion d'énergie basé sur le toit
WO2012163063A1 (fr) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 武汉凹伟能源科技有限公司 Unité de production d'énergie solaire-éolienne, et système associé, sur la base d'un condenseur réflecteur
WO2014020805A1 (fr) * 2012-07-31 2014-02-06 川崎重工業株式会社 Générateur de champ magnétique et machine tournante supraconductrice équipée de ce dernier

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2347942C1 (ru) * 2007-07-23 2009-02-27 Институт проблем управления им В.А. Трапезникова РАН Энергетическая установка по использованию ветровой и солнечной энергии
EP2048452A1 (fr) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-15 Dragon Energy Pte. Ltd. Système de conversion d'énergie basé sur le toit
WO2012163063A1 (fr) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 武汉凹伟能源科技有限公司 Unité de production d'énergie solaire-éolienne, et système associé, sur la base d'un condenseur réflecteur
WO2014020805A1 (fr) * 2012-07-31 2014-02-06 川崎重工業株式会社 Générateur de champ magnétique et machine tournante supraconductrice équipée de ce dernier

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2750380C1 (ru) * 2020-01-12 2021-06-28 Александр Анатольевич Волков Способ и устройство производства электроэнергии за счет ветросолнечной панели
WO2021141514A1 (fr) * 2020-01-12 2021-07-15 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Гаммарут" Procédé et dispositif de production d'énergie électrique à l'aide d'un panneau solaire et éolien

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