WO2016044900A1

WO2016044900A1 - Method and apparatus for spinning of staple fiber yarn

Info

Publication number: WO2016044900A1
Application number: PCT/BG2015/000032
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dinko Atanasov BAHOV; Atanas BAHOV; Dobromir BAHOV; Olga Bahova
Original assignee: Bahov Dinko Atanasov
Priority date: 2014-09-24
Filing date: 2015-09-18
Publication date: 2016-03-31
Also published as: BG111827A

Abstract

The method and the application find application for the spinning of yearn from staple fibers under the influence of the twisting moment (M) created by the high-speed revolutions of the mechanical twisting chamber (6), around a double cone guiding the fibers (11 and 12), as a result of which yarn is formed (8) with a structure similar to classic yarn and a very high speed of spinning. The apparatus features a perforated outgoing roller (3) with a pressure roller (3"), an access chamber (4) and a double conical end (11 and 12) of the leading element (13), which enters into the twisting zone (μ), inside of which is mounted a fast-rotating micro spindle (6).

Description

Method and Apparatus for Spinning of Staple Fiber Yarn

Field of Technology

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for spinning of staple fiber yarn that is used in the textile industry and particularly in spinning.

Pre-existing state of technology

There is a known method and an apparatus for producing yarn from staple fibers, which are delivered by a pair of rollers, passes through a specially formed access chamber, they are twisted by a rotating air flow and are pulled through an opening of a rotating spindle as continuous yarn. With this method the created loose ends of fibers are twisted before entering into the central gate of the rotating spindle from the air vortex into the stationary chamber. The creation of the loose ends of fibers is achieved by restriction of the spreading of the torques near the zone of feeding the fibrous sliver.

The disadvantage of the method lies in the fact that the rotating spindle does not have a considerable influence on the twisting of the yarn, which is mainly performed by the air vortex in the stationary chamber.

Another disadvantage of the method lies in the fact that the twisting air vortex in the vortex chamber has a limitation in the receiving of more effective twists of the yarn due to slippage, which leads to high consumption of high-pressure air.

Another essential drawback is that the twisting air vortex from the tangential channels in the vortex twisting chamber creates centrifugal forces on the loose ends of the fibers, and the fibers that have left with their rear end the delivery zone go out of the yarn and are separated as waste.

Another major disadvantage is that the method is sensitive towards foreign impurities found within the fibrous sliver. These impurities disrupt the stability of the air vortex, cause an interruption of the spinning process and contaminate the small central opening of the spindle, worsening the quality of the yarn.

Technical Character of the Invention

The goal of the invention is to create a method for spinning a staple fiber yarn in which a large number of loose fiber ends are created and then twisted by a strong mechanical twisting moment in the twisting high-revolution mechanical chamber, where a strong yarn structure is formed at high speed of spinning.

This task is solved by a method for spinning a yarn according to claim 1. In particular, the task is solved by a method for spinning a yarn from the fibrous sliver that is delivered by a pair of drawing rollers, passes through an access chamber, it is being twisted by the high-revolution mechanical chamber, and then pulled through a hole of the twisting vortex chamber as continuous yarn. According to the invention design, the movement of the fibers is done by the perforated surface of the supplying drawing roller, passing through a zone of pre-compaction of the main fibers and of parallel movement with compaction of the fastening fibers to the main fibers, and then they are delivered together to the access chamber, where they are kept in this state, after which the fibers enter the twisting zone, in the front end of which the ends of the fastening fibers are pulled as a result of a vacuum created in the beginning of the twisting zone by the small vacuum chamber and the centrifugal forces caused by the fast rotation of the small mechanical chamber, and after entering towards the middle and the rear end of the twisting zone, the fastening fibers are strongly pulled by the vacuum created by the larger vacuum chamber formed after the end of the twisting zone, and are twisted strongly around the bases under the effect of the mechanical twisting moment created by the high-revolution rotation of the small twisting chamber, as a result of which, yarn is formed, which is drawn through an opening of the air twisting chamber located after the twisting chamber, with the yarn's structure being similar to classic yarn, and the speed of twisting being high.

With this method, the following takes place within the zones:

a. the trajectory and the compaction of the main and the fastening fibers are determined and controlled by the shape of the diaphragm, and the force of the vacuum inside the feeding perforated drawing roll, and by the shape of the zone of compaction and transportation from the beginning of the access chamber to the end of the leading and driving guide, as well as by the extent of the vacuum in the two vacuum chambers and the amount of torque in the twisting chambers

b. in a variant without a zone for pre-compaction of the fibers with a thick bottom drawing roller, the trajectory and compaction of the main and the fastening fibers are determined and controlled by the shape of the transportation zone of the access chamber from the beginning to the double conical end of the directing element, as well as the extent of the vacuum in both vacuum chambers and the amount of twisting moment in the twisting chambers

c. the spreading of the torques towards the fibrous sliver is limited by the shape of the double conical end of the directing element of the access chamber and by its centering in relation to the opening of the air vortex chamber

d. in the twisting zone, the protruding ends of the fastening fibers are strongly twisted by the centrifugal forces generated by the rotation of the twisting chamber and the strong vacuum created in the rear vacuum chamber, and are twisted around the main fibers by the mechanical action of the twisting moment created by the high-revolution rotation of a twisting chamber, and the number of torques from the yarn is determined by the number of revolutions of the mechanical chamber and the extent of vacuum in the chamber

e. a process of spinning can be performed with twisting from the mechanical twisting moment within the high-revolution small mechanical chamber, independently or together with the twisting moment of the twisting vortex chamber

f. the trajectory and the compaction of the main fibers and the forces of pulling of the loose ends can be changed by the extent of vacuum from the vacuum chambers, while the incoming fibrous sliver can be composed of natural fibers or mixtures with chemical fibers, as well as the process of twisting from the twisting chambers can be selected in accordance with the type of yarn g. when switching the operation of the spinning place, the twisting of the yarn is performed by the twisting moment of the vortex twisting chamber, and after starting the operation on the spinning area, the effect of the twisting vortex of the additional twisting chamber can be turned off, depending on the selected process

The apparatus for carrying out this method comprises outgoing drawing roller with a perforated surface, below which is the diaphragm where, before the drawing line, a zone for feeding and compaction of the fastening and the main fibers is formed, and the access chamber is located above the roller's surface, which is formed by the leading directing element and has an extension at the beginning, and the double conical end of the leading element pass through the twisting zone, in which a high-speed rotating micro spindle is mounted, which has formed internal ribs or slits, which end near the beginning of the opening of the additional vortex spinning chamber

The zones within the apparatus are built up as follows:

a. the access chamber is placed beneath the drawing axis and has an extension in the beginning on the direction of rotation of the roller, and is formed by a sleeve, in which the driving guide is placed, that has the shape of a double cone, with the first cone being formed at an angle, and the second cone is formed at an angle, with a length, and ends close to the opening of the vortex chamber, and the opening is located at a certain distance from the drawing line, depending on the fibers' length

b. the access chamber can be placed above the drawing axis and have an extensions in its beginning on the direction of rotation of the upper roller, and be formed by a sleeve, in which the leading driving guide with the shape of a double cone is placed

c. the mechanical twisting chamber is formed as a turbo spindle with a small diameter, and with formed blades along its surface, in order to rotate with very high revolutions; the beginning of the micro spindle is shaped as an internal narrowing cone with radial ribs or slits along the entire internal surface, with the access cone encompassing the outgoing guiding cone of the driving guide, the middle part is cylindrical, and the exit of the twisting spindle is formed as an expanding internal cone, which enters or is close to the beginning of the access opening of the vortex twisting chamber, and the height of the ribs or slits increases from the beginning to the micro turbo spindle, which is placed within a housing comprising two detachable parts, in which have been formed access openings for high-pressure air supply towards the blades, and openings for discharging the processed air, and the housing is mounted within the annular bearing body

d. the entire micro turbo spindle is placed in a case of aerial bearings, with high-pressure air supplied into them

e. in the vortex spinning chamber, there are two separate air access openings for feeding of high-pressure air to the tangential openings for the creation of an additional twisting vortex

The advantage of the proposed method for spinning of yarn lies in the fact that the mechanical twisting moment of the micro spindle rotating at very high revolutions, performing secure and strong twisting of the yarn. Another advantage of the proposed method for spinning of yarn is that the mechanical twisting moment of the micro spindle generates more effective torques of the yarn due to the small slippage, and the spindle's air consumption is lower

Another advantage is that fastening fibers form in advance within the fibrous sliver, and they protrude from the main fibers.

Another advantage is that fibers stay longer within the twisting chamber from the mechanical chamber.

Yet another advantage is that ends of fastening fibers are constantly being drawn from the fibrous sliver by the generated strong vacuum and centrifugal forces.

Another advantage is that foreign impurities do not influence essentially the mechanical revolutions of the spindle.

Description of the attached figures

The apparatus is described in detail by the attached figures wherein:

Figures 1 arid 1a - a schematic plan of the apparatus, upright projection

Figure 2 - a schematic plan of the apparatus, plan section

Figure 3 - a schematic plan of the work of the twisting zone, plan section

Figure 4 - a schematic plan of another apparatus variant with a thick lower drawing roller and an access chamber placed above

Figure 5 - A cross-section of the mechanical twisting chamber

Figure 6 - An axonometric view of the micro turbo spindle

Figure 7 - A partial cross-section of an aerial bearing of the micro spindle

Figures 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d - different variants of the radial profiles of the inner surface of the mechanical twisting micro spindle

Examples for implementation of the Invention

In the method for spinning of yarn from staple fibers according to the present invention, the movement of the fibers 1 is accomplished from the perforated surface 2 of the feeding drawing roller 3, where they pass through a preliminary compaction zone η of the main fibers n, and of parallel movement with compaction of the fastening fibers m towards the base fibers n, and after the 0-0 line of drawing the fibers 1 , they are fed together towards access chamber 4, where they are preserved in this state.

After that the fibers 1 enter the twisting zone μ, in the front end of which the ends of the fastening fibers m are drawn as a result of a vacuum generated in the beginning of the twisting zone μ by a first vacuum chamber 5 and by the centrifugal forces created by the fast rotation of the mechanical twisting chamber 6, and after entering towards the middle and rear end of the twisting zone μ the fastening fibers m are pulled strongly by a vacuum generated by a second vacuum chamber 7, formed after the end of the twisting zone μ, and they are strongly twisted around the main fibers n under the effect of the mechanical twisting moment M created by the high-revolution rotation of the mechanical twisting chamber 6, as a result of which forms yarn 8, which is pulled through opening 15 of an air twisting chamber 9, placed after mechanical twisting chamber 6, with the structure of the yarn 8 being similar to classic yarn, and the speed of spinning is fast. Preferably, the second vacuum chamber 7 is larger than the first vacuum chamber 5.

According to possible embodiments of the method according to the invention, one or more of the following steps, independently and/or in mutual combination, are provided:

a. the trajectory and the compaction of the main fibers n and the fastening fibers m are determined and controlled by the shape of a diaphragm 10, positioned under said perforated surface 2 of the feeding drawing roller 3, by the force of the vacuum inside the feeding perforated drawing roller 3, and by the shape of the zone of compaction and transportation of the access chamber 4 from the beginning w to the double cone end 11 and 12 of the leading and driving guide 13, as well as by the extent of the vacuum in the two vacuum chambers 5 and 7, and the values of twisting moments M and N in the twisting chambers 6 and 9;

b. the trajectory and compaction of the main fibers n and the fastening fibers m are determined and controlled by the shape of the transportation zone of the access chamber 4 from the beginning w to the double conical end 11 and 12 of a driving guide 13, positioned after the drawing line (O-O) and receiving the main fibers (n) and the fastening fibers (m), as well as the trajectory and compaction of the main fibers (n) and the fastening fibers (m) are determined and controlled by the extent of the vacuum in both vacuum chambers 5 and 7, and the values of twisting moments M and N in the twisting chambers 6 and 9;

c. the spreading of the torques towards the fibrous sliver 1 is limited by the shape of the double conical end 11 and 12 of the driving guide 13 of the access chamber 4 and by its centering x and I in relation to the beginning of the opening 15 of the air twisting chamber 9.

d. within the twisting zone μ, the protruding ends of the fastening fibers m are strongly pulled by the centrifugal forces generated by the rotation of the twisting chamber 6 and the strong vacuum created in the rear vacuum chamber 7, and are twisted around the main fibers n by the mechanical action of the twisting moment M created by the high-revolution rotation of a twisting chamber 6, and the number of torques from the yarn 8 is determined by the number of revolutions of the mechanical chamber 6 and the extent of vacuum in the chamber 7;

e. a process of spinning can be performed with twisting from the mechanical twisting moment M within the high-revolution small mechanical chamber 6, independently or together with the twisting moment N of the twisting vortex chamber 9;

f. the trajectory and the compaction of the main fibers n and the forces of pulling of the loose ends m is changed by the extent of vacuum from the vacuum chambers 5 and 7, while the incoming fibrous sliver 1 is composed of natural fibers or mixtures with chemical fibers, as well as the process of twisting from the twisting chambers 6 and 9 can be selected in accordance with the type of yarn 8;

g. when switching the operation of the spinning place, the twisting of the yarn 8 is performed by the twisting moment N of the vortex twisting chamber 9, and after starting the operation on the spinning area, the effect of the twisting vortex N of the additional twisting chamber 9 is selectively turned off, depending on the selected spinning process.

The apparatus for spinning of yarn from staple fibers according to the present invention comprises a feeding drawing roller 3 with a perforated surface 2, below which is the diaphragm 10 where, before the drawing line O-O, a zone η for feeding and compaction of the fibers I of the fastening fiber m and the main fibers n is formed, and the access chamber 4 is located above the surface 2 of the roller 3, which is formed by the leading driving guide 13 and has an extension w at the beginning, and the double conical end 12 and 13 of the leading element 13 passes through the twisting zone μ, in which a high-speed rotating micro spindle 6 is mounted, which has formed internal ribs or slits 14, which end near the beginning of the opening 15 of the additional vortex spinning chamber 9.

According to a possible embodiment, the access chamber 4 is placed beneath the drawing axis 0-0 and has an extension w in the beginning on the direction of rotation of the roller 3, and is formed by a sleeve 16, in which the driving guide 13 is placed, that has the shape of a double cone, with the first cone 11 being formed at an angle β, and the second cone 12 is formed at an angle a, with a length s, and ends close at a distance x to the opening 15 of the vortex chamber 9, and the opening 15 is located at a certain distance I from the drawing line 0-0, depending on the length of fibers 1.

According to a possible embodiment.the access chamber 4 is placed above the drawing axis 0-0 and have an extension w in its beginning on the direction of rotation of the upper roller 3^", and is formed by a sleeve 16, in which the leading driving guide 13 with the shape of a double cone 11 and 12 is placed,

According to a possible embodiment, the mechanical twisting chamber is formed as a turbo spindle 6 with a small diameter D, and with formed blades 17 along its surface, in order to rotate with very high revolutions; the beginning of the micro spindle 6 is shaped as an internal narrowing cone 18 with radial ribs or slits 14 along the entire internal surface, with the access cone 18 encompassing the outgoing guiding cone 11 of the driving guide 13, the middle part is cylindrical, and the exit of the twisting spindle 6 is formed as an expanding internal cone 19, which enters or is close to the beginning of the access opening 15 of the vortex twisting chamber 9, ,and the height of the ribs or slits 14 increases from the beginning to the micro turbo spindle 6, which is placed within a housing 20 comprising two detachable parts, in which have been formed access openings 21 for high-pressure air supply towards the blades 17, and openings 23 for discharging the processed air, and the housing 20 is mounted within the annular bearing body 24.

According to a possible embodiment, the entire micro turbo spindle 6 is placed in a case 20 of aerial bearings 25, with high-pressure air 26 supplied into them.

According to a possible embodiment, in the vortex spinning chamber 9, there are two separate air access openings 27 and 28 for feeding of high-pressure air to the tangential openings 22 for the creation of an additional twisting vortex N.

Application of the Invention

The method and apparatus for spinning of yarn from staple fibers is performed when the front ends of the fibers 1 reach the drawing line 0 - 0 between the drawing pair of rollers 3 - 3^* is compacted in two fibrous streams, of main fibers n and fastening fibers m. Fibrous sliver 1 enters into access chamber 4, where the spreading of the torques is limited by the double cone 11 and 12 of guiding drive 13 and is located within twisting zone μ, in the front end of which the rear ends of the fastening fibers m are pulled as a result of the centrifugal forces caused by the fast rotation of the mechanical chamber 6, and after entering into the rear end of the twisting zone μ the fastening fibers m are strongly twisted around the main fibers n under the effect of the mechanical twisting moment M created by the high-revolution rotation of the small mechanical twisting chamber 6, as a result of which is formed yarn 8 with a structure similar to classic yarn, and with a very high speed of spinning.

It should be inferred that the invention features modifications and changes, which can be done, similar to the ones described here, without going beyond the scope and spirit of the invention, as is stated in the indicated claims.

References:

1. Patent U§ No. 5528895, cl. D 01 H 5/00.

1. Patent US No. 5647197, cl. D 01 H 5/00.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Method for spinning of yarn from staple fibers (1 ), which are delivered by a pair of drawing rollers (3,3') comprising a feeding drawing roller (3) and an upper roller (3') so as to obtain main fibers (n) and fastening fibers (m), pass through an access chamber (4), are then twisted and pulled as continuous yarn, characterized in that the movement of the fibers (1) is performed by a perforated surface (2) of the feeding drawing roller (3), where they pass through a pre-compaction zone (η) of the main fibers (n) and of parallel movement with compaction of the fastening fibers (m) towards the main fibers (n), and after a drawing line (O- O) the fibers (1 ) are fed together towards the access chamber (4), where they are kept in this state, after which the fibers (1 ) enter into a twisting zone (μ), in the front end of which the ends of the fastening fibers (m) are pulled as a result of a vacuum created in the beginning of the twisting zone (μ) from a first vacuum chamber (5) and from the centrifugal forces generated by the fast rotation of a mechanical twisting chamber (6), and, after entering a middle and rear end of the twisting zone (μ), the fastening fibers (m) are pulled by a vacuum created by a second vacuum chamber (7) formed after the end of the twisting zone (μ), and they are further twisted around the main fibers (n) under the effect of a mechanical twisting moment (M) generated by the high-revolution rotation of the mechanical twisting chamber (6), as a result of which is formed yarn (8), which is pulled through opening (15) of air twisting chamber (9), placed after twisting chamber (6),

2. Method according to Claim 1 , wherein the trajectory and the compaction of the main fibers (n) and the .fastening fibers (m) are determined and controlled by the shape of a diaphragm (10) positioned under said perforated surface (2) of the feeding drawing roller (3), by the force of the vacuum inside the feeding perforated drawing roller (3), and by the shape of the zone of compaction and transportation of the access chamber (4) from the beginning (w) to the double cone end (11 and 12) of the leading and driving guide (13), as well as by the extent of the vacuum in the two vacuum chambers (5 and 7), and the values of twisting moments (M and N) in the twisting chambers (6 and 9).

3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the trajectory and compaction of the main fibers (n) and the fastening fibers (m) are determined and controlled by the shape of the transportation zone of the access chamber (4) from the beginning (w) to a double conical end (1 1 and 12) of a driving guide (13), positioned after the drawing line (O-O) and receiving the main fibers (n), and the fastening fibers (m), as well as the trajectory and compaction of the main fibers (n) and the fastening fibers (m) are determined and controlled by the extent of the vacuum in both vacuum chambers (5 and 7), and the values of twisting moments (M and N) in the twisting chambers (6 and 9).

4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the spreading of the torques towards the fibrous sliver (1 ) is limited by the shape of the double conical end (1 1 and 12) of the driving guide (13) of the access chamber (4) and by its centering (x and I) in relation to the beginning of the opening (15) of the air twisting chamber (9).

5. Method according to any one of previous claims, wherein within the twisting zone (μ), the protruding ends of the fastening fibers (m) are pulled by the centrifugal forces generated by the rotation of the twisting chamber (6) and the strong vacuum created in the rear vacuum chamber (7), and are twisted around the main fibers (n) by the mechanical action of the twisting moment (M) created by the high-revolution rotation of a twisting chamber (6), and the number of torques from the yarn (8) is determined by the number of revolutions of the mechanical chamber (6) and the extent of vacuum in the chamber (7).

6. Method according to any one of previous claims, wherein the process of spinning is performed with twisting from the mechanical twisting moment (M) within the high-revolution small mechanical chamber (6), independently or together with the twisting moment (N) of the twisting vortex chamber (9)

7. Method according to any one of previous claims, wherein the trajectory and the compaction of the main fibers (n) and the forces of pulling of the loose ends (m) is changed by the extent of vacuum from the vacuum chambers (5 and 7), while the incoming fibrous sliver (1) is composed of natural fibers or mixtures with chemical fibers, as well as the process of twisting from the twisting chambers (6 and 9) is selected in accordance with the type of yarn (8),

8. Method according to any one of previous claims, wherein when switching on the operation of the spinning place, the twisting of the yarn (8) is performed by the twisting moment (N) of the vortex twisting chamber (9), and after starting the operation on the spinning area, the effect of the twisting vortex (N) of the additional twisting chamber (9) is selectively turned off, depending on the selected spinning process

9. The apparatus for implementing the spinning of yarn from staple fibers (1), , wherein the apparatus comprises a feeding drawing roller (3) and an upper roller (3') so as to obtain main fibers (n) and fastening fibers (m), a transport access chamber (4) for the fibers, a mechanical twisting chamber (6) and an air twisting chamber (9) for the fibers, characterized by the fact that a surface (2) of the outgoing drawing roller (3) is perforated and, below it a diaphragm (10) is placed, in which, before a drawing line (O-O) is a formed zone (η) for feeding and compacting the fibers (1) of the fastening fibers (m) and of the main fibers (n), and above the surface (2) of the drawing roller (3) is the access chamber (4), which is formed by a leading driving guide (13) and has an extension at its beginning (w).

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus comprises a driving guide (13) having a double conical end (11 and 12), positioned after the drawing line (O-O) and receiving the main fibers (n) and the fastening fibers (m), wherein the double conical end (11 and 12) of the driving guide (13) passes through the twisting zone (μ), in which there is a mounted rotating micro spindle (6), which has formed internal ribs or slits (14), which end near the beginning of an opening (15) of an additional vortex spinning chamber (9).

11. Apparatus according Claim 10, wherein the access chamber (4) is placed beneath the drawing axis (O-O) and has an extension (w) in the beginning on the direction of rotation of the drawing roller (3), and is formed by a sleeve (16), in which the driving guide (13) is placed, that has the shape of a double cone, with a first cone (11) being formed at an angle (β), and a second cone (12) is formed at an angle (a), with a length (s), and ends close at a distance (x) to the opening (15) of the vortex chamber (9), and the opening (15) is located at a certain distance (I) from the drawing line (O-O), depending on the fibers' length (1).

12. Apparatus according Claim 10, wherein the access chamber (4) is placed above the drawing axis (O-O) and have an extension (w) in its beginning on the direction of rotation of the upper roller (3 ), and is formed by a sleeve (16), in which the leading driving guide (13) with the shape of a double cone ( 1 and 12) is placed.

13. Apparatus according Claim 10, 11 or 12, wherein the mechanical twisting chamber (6) is configured as a turbo spindle (6) with a small diameter (D), and with formed blades (17) along its surface, in order to rotate with very high revolutions; the beginning of the micro spindle (6) is shaped as an internal narrowing cone (18) with radial ribs or slits (14) along the entire internal surface, with the access cone (18) encompassing the conical end ( 1 ) of the driving guide (13), the middle part is cylindrical, and the exit of the twisting chamber (6) is formed as an expanding internal cone (19), which enters or is close to the beginning of the access opening (15) of the vortex twisting chamber (9)

14. Apparatus according Claim 13, wherein a height of the radial ribs or slits (14) increases from the beginning to the micro turbo spindle (6), which is placed within a housing (20) comprising two detachable parts, in which have been formed access openings (21) for high- pressure air supply towards the blades (17), and openings (23) for discharging the processed air, and the housing (20) is mounted within an annular bearing body (24).

15. Apparatus according claim 13 or 14, wherein the entire micro turbo spindle (6) is placed in a case (20) of aerial bearings (25), with high-pressure air (26) supplied into them.

16. Apparatus according Claim 10, wherein in the vortex spinning chamber (9), there are two separate air access openings (27 and 28) for feeding of high-pressure air to tangential openings (22) for the creation of an additional twisting vortex (N) intercepting fibers.