CN206902322U - Jet-propelled spinning apparatus - Google Patents

Jet-propelled spinning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN206902322U
CN206902322U CN201720810413.5U CN201720810413U CN206902322U CN 206902322 U CN206902322 U CN 206902322U CN 201720810413 U CN201720810413 U CN 201720810413U CN 206902322 U CN206902322 U CN 206902322U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
spinning
hole
yarn
hand
jet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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CN201720810413.5U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
卡洛·朱迪奇
鲁杰罗·尼科代莫
法比奥·达尼奥洛
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Savio Macchine Tessili SpA
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Savio Macchine Tessili SpA
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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01HSPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H1/00Spinning or twisting machines in which the product is wound-up continuously
    • D01H1/11Spinning by false-twisting
    • D01H1/115Spinning by false-twisting using pneumatic means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of jet-propelled spinning apparatus is provided, it includes main body, fiber feedway, Yarn-spinning spindle, and the yarn channel is with the main shaft for limiting spinning direction and with the preceding input unit for fiber to be introduced into yarn channel.Main body includes at least one upper crown with holes, and upper crown is included hand-hole at least two in higher air mass flow input spinning room.Main body includes at least one lower bizet with holes, and lower bizet is included at least two times hand-holes in relatively low air mass flow input spinning room, wherein, upper crown and lower bizet are fluidly coupled to respective air supply portion.Upper hand-hole is extended in spinning room relative to direction of advance of the yarn in yarn channel at first point of preceding input unit upstream, and lower hand-hole is extended in spinning room relative to direction of advance of the yarn in yarn channel at the second point in preceding input unit downstream.This paper jet-propelled spinning apparatus can reduce air consumption.

Description

Jet-propelled spinning apparatus
Technical field
It the utility model is related to a kind of jet-propelled spinning apparatus.
Background technology
It is well known that jet-propelled spinning apparatus produces yarn since fiber band.
This band is influenceed by the effect of compressed-air atomizer, and the compressed-air atomizer is opened outer fiber and enclosed Wound around central fiber and form yarn.
Known solution has some shortcomings and limitation.
In fact, because increased energy expenditure needs sizable air consumption, generally exist and noted for compressed air 4 or more the holes entered, and therefore yarn production cost increase.
In addition, in order to obtain high-quality yarn and limit the consumption of compressed air, it is known that solution need to produce Small spinning room.However, by this way, the room easily suffers damage the dirt and fibre of the quality of yarn, reproducibility and intensity The existing influence of dimension.
In addition, it is contemplated that compressed-air atomizer must be directed near the top of Yarn-spinning spindle in very accurate way, Known solution includes some structures limitation in the production of spinning room:In other words, nozzle must on tangent direction quilt Guide and tilt down to obtain the necessary eddy motion of compressed air, on the one hand, it have to be around inner most fiber Outermost fiber is wound, and on the other hand, is formed vacuum required inside fiber suction Yarn-spinning spindle.
No matter these geometrical constraints, it is contemplated that air once once the nozzle release in spinning room Free propagation and therefore Because the presence and turbulence of the impurity of such as fiber and dirt and the presence of vortex cause by the influence offset, it is known that solution Certainly scheme can not be always ensured that the control in the direction of the constricting nozzle in spinning room.
The solution of prior art does not allow mode of operation (and specifically, the work in spinning room of spinning apparatus State) accurately change:As shown, this changeability in spinning state contributes to the bad of the quality of produced yarn Reproducibility.
In a word, sizable consumption of the known solution of jet type apparatus including compressed air and high production cost be simultaneously And uniformity and reproducibility can not be always ensured that to obtain high quality and tough yarn.
Utility model content
Therefore, it is necessary to solve the shortcomings that being proposed with reference to known technology and limitation.
This requirement is met by a kind of jet-propelled spinning apparatus.A kind of jet-propelled spinning apparatus includes:At least partly The hollow main body in ground, limit spinning room;Fiber feedway, towards the spinning room so that fiber is supplied into the spinning room In;Yarn-spinning spindle, it is at least partially inserted into the spinning room and equipped with for transporting the yarn obtained from the fiber Yarn channel, the yarn channel with limit spinning direction main shaft and be used for by the yarn introducing described in Preceding input unit in yarn channel, wherein, the main body includes at least one upper crown with holes, the upper crown bag with holes Include and higher air mass flow is inputted into hand-hole at least two in the spinning room, the main body includes at least one with holes Lower bizet, the lower bizet with holes include inputting relatively low air mass flow in the spinning room at least two time inject Hole, wherein, the upper crown with holes and the lower bizet with holes are fluidly coupled to respective air supply portion, wherein, institute Hand-hole is stated relative to direction of advance of the yarn in the yarn channel at first point of the preceding input unit upstream The spinning room is led at place, wherein, the lower hand-hole exists relative to direction of advance of the yarn in the yarn channel Lead to the spinning room at the second point in the preceding input unit downstream.
Further, the main shaft of the upper hand-hole and the main shaft of the yarn channel at intersect, the phase It is spaced apart for the spinning direction with the preceding input unit with a upper part, the upper part is between 0mm to 4mm.
Further, the upper hand-hole has the width changed between 0.5mm to 0.8mm.
Further, relative to the main shaft parallel to the yarn channel and through the main shaft of the yarn channel Section, the projection of the main shaft of the upper hand-hole determine 5 degree to 25 degree with the horizontal direction perpendicular to the spinning direction Between angle.
Further, the main shaft of the main shaft of the lower hand-hole and the preceding input unit at intersect, the phase For spinning direction and the preceding input unit with a bottom part spaced apart, the low portion between 0.5mm to 3.5mm it Between.
Further, the lower hand-hole has the width changed between 0.7mm to 1.1mm.
Further, relative to the main shaft parallel to the yarn channel and through the main shaft of the yarn channel Section, the projection of the main shaft of the lower hand-hole determine 20 degree to 40 degree with the horizontal direction perpendicular to the spinning direction Between angle.
Further, the upper hand-hole and/or the lower hand-hole are with the pressure feed between 3 bars to 5.5 bars.
Further, the upper hand-hole is supplied with the air mass flow smaller than the lower hand-hole.
Further, relative to the section vertical with the main shaft of the yarn channel, the upper hand-hole and/or described The projection of lower hand-hole is directed along the tangent direction tangent with the cylindrical side wall of the spinning room.
Further, the tangent direction rotates in the same direction all along the cylindrical side wall of the spinning room.
Further, the upper crown with holes is included relative to the perspective plane vertical with the spinning direction with 120 degree The upper hand-hole of three separated equally spaced from each other, and wherein, the lower bizet with holes include relative to the spinning side To vertical perspective plane with 120 degree of three lower hand-holes equally spaced from each other separated.
Further, the upper crown with holes and the lower bizet with holes are relative to vertical with the spinning direction Perspective plane is interlocked with mutually including an angle with 60 degree.
Further, there is a circular cross-section relative to the section vertical with the spinning direction, the spinning room.
Further, the Yarn-spinning spindle has frustoconical shape, and the frustoconical shape has circular and relative In the spinning direction, axially symmetrical section, the Yarn-spinning spindle are tapered towards the preceding input unit.
Further, the fiber feedway includes needle-like piece, and the needle-like piece at least partially penetrates into the spinning It is in yarn room and axially opposing with the preceding input unit, so as to form the guiding piece of the fiber for spinning.
Brief description of the drawings
It preferably and in the description of non-limiting embodiment, will become other feature and advantage of the present utility model from following Obtain more it is understood that in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional perspective view according to the jet-propelled spinning apparatus of embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the amplification details of the jet-propelled spinning apparatus of Fig. 1 from the visual angle different from described Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is another sectional view of Fig. 1 jet-propelled spinning apparatus;
Fig. 4 is the section IV-IV along Fig. 3 of Fig. 3 jet-propelled spinning apparatus cross-sectional perspective view;
Fig. 5 is the section V-V along Fig. 3 of Fig. 3 jet-propelled spinning apparatus sectional view;
Fig. 6 is the plan of the arrow VI from Fig. 3 of Fig. 3 jet-propelled spinning apparatus side.
The element shared between the embodiment that is described below or element will be presented with like reference characters Part.
Embodiment
With reference to aforementioned figures, label 4 represents jet-propelled spinning apparatus on the whole, and the jet-propelled spinning apparatus includes:At least One part hollow body 8, limit spinning room 12;And fiber feedway 16, towards the spinning room 12 so as to by fiber It is supplied in spinning room 12.
Jet-propelled spinning apparatus 4 also includes Yarn-spinning spindle 20, the spinning stator be at least partially inserted into spinning room 12 and It is provided with the yarn channel 24 for transporting the yarn obtained from the fiber.Yarn channel 24, which has, limits spinning direction X-X Main shaft, and with being used for preceding input unit 28 that fiber is introduced into the yarn channel 24.
Advantageously, main body 8 includes at least one upper crown 32 with holes, and the upper crown with holes is included higher air Flow is input to hand-hole 36 at least two in spinning room 12;Main body 8 also includes at least one lower bizet 40 with holes, should Lower bizet with holes includes at least two times hand-holes 44 being input to relatively low air mass flow in spinning room 12.
Preferably, but not required, the upper crown 32 with holes and lower bizet 40 with holes are around spinning direction X-X is circular.
The upper crown 32 with holes and lower bizet 40 with holes are fluidly coupled to respective air supply portion.
" single air supply portion " is intended to indicate that the air supply portion of the bizet 32,40 with holes is separate;Change Yan Zhi, upper crown 32 with holes and lower bizet 40 with holes can be supplied individually and/or simultaneously.In addition, as retouched further below State, supplied to upper crown 32 with holes and the air mass flow of lower bizet 40 with holes independently of each other and can be according to spinning Need and modify.
Specifically, upper hand-hole 36 relative to direction of advance F of the yarn in yarn channel 24 in the preceding upstream of input unit 28 1: 48 at lead to spinning room 24.
It will be apparent that each upper hand-hole 36 leads to spinning room 24 at corresponding 1: 48 at its;In other words, this Do not shared with the upper hand-hole 36 separated a bit.
The 1: 48 of upper hand-hole 36 can be all disposed within preceding input unit 28 at the identical distance or can also cloth Put from same preceding input unit 28 at the different distances.
The main shaft P' of upper hand-hole 36 intersects with the main shaft of yarn channel at point S, and the S-phase is for direction of spinning X-X is spaced apart with the preceding input unit 28 with upper part 52, and the upper part is between 0mm to 4mm.
The upper part 52 determined by upper hand-hole 36 can be same to each other or different to each other.
Preferably, upper hand-hole 36 has the width between 0.5mm to 0.8mm.
" width " refers to the inner chamber in the usual but nonessential hole for being circle.In the case of non-circular hole, " width " purport Representing the mean breadth of the inner chamber.
Preferably, relative to parallel to main shaft and through main shaft section, the main shaft P' of the upper hand-hole 36 Projection with determining 5 degree to 25 degree of angle [alpha] perpendicular to spinning direction X-X horizontal direction R-R.
Lower hand-hole 44 in the direction of advance F relative to yarn in yarn channel 24 of preceding input unit 28 downstream Lead to spinning room 12 at 2: 56.
It will be apparent that each lower hand-hole 44 leads to spinning room 24 in its corresponding second point 56;In other words, second Point 56 does not share with single lower hand-hole 44.
The second point 56 of lower hand-hole 44 can be all disposed within preceding input unit 28 at the identical distance or can also cloth Put from same preceding input unit 28 at the different distances.
The main shaft P " of lower hand-hole 44 intersects with the main shaft of yarn channel at point I, and the point I is relative to spinning direction X-X is spaced apart with the preceding input unit 24 with a low portion 60, and the low portion is between 0.5mm to 3.5mm.
The low portion 60 determined by lower hand-hole 44 can be same to each other or different to each other.
Preferably, lower hand-hole 44 has the width between 0.7mm to 1.1mm.
" width " refers to the inner chamber in generally but not required circular hole.In the case of non-circular hole, " width " It is intended to indicate that the mean breadth of the inner chamber.
Preferably, relative to parallel to main shaft and through main shaft section, the main shaft P " of the lower hand-hole 44 Projection and determine 20 degree to the angle betas between with 40 degree perpendicular to spinning direction X-X horizontal direction R-R.
Upper hand-hole 36 and/or lower hand-hole 44 are supplied under the pressure between 3 bars to 5.5 bars.
Preferably, upper hand-hole 36 is supplied relative to lower hand-hole 44 with smaller air mass flow.
It is described relative to the section vertical with the main shaft of yarn channel 24 according to an embodiment of the present utility model The projection of upper hand-hole and/or lower hand-hole is drawn along the tangent direction tangent with the cylindrical side wall 64 of the spinning room 12 Lead.
Preferably, the tangent direction rotates in the same direction all along the cylindrical side wall 64 of the spinning room 12.
By this way, all upper hand-holes 36 and lower hand-hole 44 are helped to create around spinning direction X-X's The air-flow of fiber is wound on identical direction of rotation.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, upper crown 32 with holes includes hanging down relative to spinning direction X-X Straight projection plane is with the upper hand-hole 36 of 120 degree of three be equally spaced;In addition, according to an embodiment party of the present utility model Formula, lower bizet 40 with holes are included relative to the perspective plane vertical with spinning direction X-X with 120 degree of three be equally spaced Hand-hole 44.
Preferably, the upper crown 32 with holes and lower bizet 40 with holes are relative to the throwing vertical with spinning direction X-X Shadow face is angularly interlocked with 60 degree;Each in the upper crown 32 with holes and lower bizet 40 with holes has relatively In the perspective plane vertical with spinning direction X-X with 120 degree of upper hand-holes 36 being equally spaced and lower hand-hole 44.
As discussed previously with respect to the section vertical with the spinning direction X-X, spinning room 12 generally has circular cut Face.
Yarn-spinning spindle 20 generally has frustoconical shape, and the frustoconical shape has circle and relative to the spinning Section axially symmetric yarn direction X-X;Specifically, input unit 28 is tapered Yarn-spinning spindle forward.Around preceding input unit 28 The upper part 68 of Yarn-spinning spindle 20 is appropriate circular and is milled into and is advantageous to the fiber of winding and twists to form yarn.
According to a possible embodiment of the present utility model, fiber feedway 16 includes needle-like piece 72, and it is at least Partly it is penetrated into the spinning room 12 and axially opposing with the preceding input unit 28, so as to be formed for spinning The guiding piece of fiber.
Such as from foregoing it is understood that allowing to overcome according to jet-propelled spinning apparatus of the present utility model and being in the prior art The shortcomings that existing.
Specifically, it is contemplated that in all dresses in a manner of separately and independently between at least two bizets with holes are conveyed Put and total air mass flow is measured and optimized under mode of operation, the utility model can cause to subtract relative to the solution of prior art Few air consumption.In this way, such as, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase by the flow of one in two bizets with holes transmission, and nothing In another hat as needing the solution of the prior art of the single supply department as having a case that to share with all hand-holes Increase flow in portion.
Due to the bizet in injection biobelt hole, air can be preferably managed in spinning room relative to the fortune of rotary motion It is dynamic, this is in rotary moving be wound around or twist fiber necessary to, it is finally to spin (that is, towards Yarn-spinning spindle) for moving downward Necessary to yarn.
The separation of two bizets with holes of injection allows regulation and therefore two air mass flows of optimization:That is, by with holes upper Therefore the upper flow that bizet is sent can provide fiber high rotation by with limited inclination angle, and by lower hat with holes The down-off that portion is sent by with higher inclination angle to provide sizable fiber tensile force on Yarn-spinning spindle.Therefore, on Flow has the main task that fiber twisting is provided due to the tangential component of high speed, and there is down-off the basic of opening fiber to appoint Business.
The independent supply of two injector bizets with holes allows a bizet to adjust and therefore optimizes two flows, and Therefore optimization twists and pushed down on two effects of fiber in a standalone fashion:In this way, individually regulation allows to spin Process adapts to different fibers, counting, length, ambient condition etc..
It is different from known solution, because air-flow, which " does not hinder ", directly inputs fiber, additionally it is possible in spinning room Input compressed air above the inlet point of fiber.
It is avoided by view of the interference between fiber and air and therefore spinning process is more controllable, so as to obtains as far as possible The yarn of consistent and reproducible characteristic, this is another advantage.
Meeting that those skilled in the art can make to above-mentioned jet-propelled spinning apparatus temporarily and in the target of particular requirement Many modifications and variations, all such modifications and variations are all in the scope of the present utility model being defined by the appended claims It is interior.

Claims (16)

1. a kind of jet-propelled spinning apparatus, including:
- hollow main body (8) at least in part, limits spinning room (12),
- fiber feedway (16), towards the spinning room (12) so as to which fiber is supplied in the spinning room (12),
- Yarn-spinning spindle (20), it is at least partially inserted into the spinning room (12) and equipped with for transporting from the fiber The yarn channel (24) of the yarn of acquisition, the yarn channel (24) have the main shaft and tool for limiting spinning direction (X-X) There is the preceding input unit (28) for the yarn to be introduced into the yarn channel (24),
Characterized in that,
- the main body (8) includes at least one upper crown (32) with holes, and the upper crown with holes is included higher air Flow inputs hand-hole (36) at least two in the spinning room (12),
- the main body (8) includes at least one lower bizet (40) with holes, and the lower bizet with holes is included relatively low air At least two times hand-holes (44) that flow is inputted in the spinning room (12),
- wherein, the upper crown (32) with holes and the lower bizet (40) with holes are fluidly coupled to respective air supply Portion,
- wherein, the upper hand-hole (36) is relative to direction of advance (F) of the yarn in the yarn channel (24) in institute The spinning room (12) is led at first point of (48) place for stating preceding input unit (28) upstream,
- wherein, the lower hand-hole (44) is relative to direction of advance (F) of the yarn in the yarn channel (24) in institute The spinning room (12) is led at second point (56) place for stating preceding input unit (28) downstream.
2. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the main shaft of the upper hand-hole (36) (P') intersect with the main shaft of the yarn channel at point (S) place, the point is relative to the spinning direction and the preceding input unit (28) it is spaced apart with a upper part (52), the upper part is between 0mm to 4mm.
3. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the upper hand-hole (36) has The width changed between 0.5mm to 0.8mm.
4. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that relative to parallel to the yarn channel Main shaft and the section for passing through the main shaft of the yarn channel, the projection of the main shaft (P') of the upper hand-hole (36) is with hanging down Directly the angle (α) between 5 degree to 25 degree is determined in the horizontal direction (R-R) for spinning direction (X-X).
5. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the main shaft of the lower hand-hole (44) (P ") intersects with the main shaft of the main shaft of the yarn channel at point (I) place, the point relative to it is described spinning direction with it is described Preceding input unit (28) is spaced apart with a low portion (60), and the low portion is between 0.5mm to 3.5mm.
6. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that the lower hand-hole (44) has The width changed between 0.7mm to 1.1mm.
7. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that relative to parallel to the yarn channel Main shaft and the section for passing through the main shaft of the yarn channel, the projection of the main shaft (P ") of the lower hand-hole (44) is with hanging down Directly the angle (β) between 20 degree to 40 degree is determined in the horizontal direction (R-R) for spinning direction (X-X).
8. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the upper hand-hole (36) and/or described Lower hand-hole (44) is with the pressure feed between 3 bars to 5.5 bars.
9. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the upper hand-hole (36) is with than under described The smaller air mass flow supply of hand-hole (44).
10. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that relative to the yarn channel (24) The vertical section of main shaft, the projection of the upper hand-hole (36) and/or the lower hand-hole (44) along with the spinning The tangent direction that the cylindrical side wall (64) of room (12) is tangent is directed.
11. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the tangent direction is all along the spinning The cylindrical side wall (64) of yarn room (12) rotates in the same direction.
12. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the upper crown (32) with holes includes Hand-hole (36) is gone up with 120 degree of three separated equally spaced from each other relative to the perspective plane vertical with spinning direction (X-X), And wherein, the lower bizet (40) with holes is included relative to the perspective plane vertical with spinning direction (X-X) with 120 degree The three lower hand-holes (44) equally spaced from each other separated.
13. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the upper crown (32) with holes and institute Lower bizet (40) with holes is stated to hand over mutually including an angle with 60 degree relative to the perspective plane vertical with spinning direction (X-X) It is wrong.
14. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that spin direction (X-X) relative to described Vertical section, the spinning room (12) have a circular cross-section.
15. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Yarn-spinning spindle (20) has butt Conical by its shape, the frustoconical shape has circle and relative to the axially symmetric section of spinning direction (X-X), described Yarn-spinning spindle is tapered towards the preceding input unit (28).
16. jet-propelled spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fiber feedway (16) includes Needle-like piece (72), the needle-like piece at least partially penetrate into the spinning room (12) and with preceding input unit (28) axle To relative, so as to form the guiding piece of the fiber for spinning.
CN201720810413.5U 2016-07-07 2017-07-05 Jet-propelled spinning apparatus Expired - Fee Related CN206902322U (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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IT102016000070676 2016-07-07
IT102016000070676A IT201600070676A1 (en) 2016-07-07 2016-07-07 Air-jet spinning device

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CN201710542961.9A Active CN107587215B (en) 2016-07-07 2017-07-05 Jet spinning device

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107587215A (en) * 2016-07-07 2018-01-16 塞维欧纺织机械股份公司 Jet-propelled spinning apparatus

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IT201800009728A1 (en) * 2018-10-24 2020-04-24 Savio Macch Tessili Spa AIR-JET TYPE SPINNING DEVICE
DE102020108257A1 (en) * 2020-03-25 2021-09-30 Saurer Spinning Solutions Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for separating fibers and spinning equipment comprising such a device

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DE102005045703A1 (en) 2005-09-19 2007-03-22 Wilhelm Stahlecker Gmbh Air jet unit for an air jet spinning device
DE102007006674A1 (en) * 2007-02-10 2008-08-14 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Air spinning device
CH705221A1 (en) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-15 Rieter Ag Maschf Roving for producing a roving and method for piecing a fiber association.
JP6031847B2 (en) 2012-06-22 2016-11-24 村田機械株式会社 Hollow guide shaft body, pneumatic spinning device, and yarn winding machine including the same
CH706923A1 (en) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-14 Rieter Ag Maschf Spinning unit of an air spinning machine.
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IT201600070676A1 (en) * 2016-07-07 2018-01-07 Savio Macch Tessili Spa Air-jet spinning device

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107587215A (en) * 2016-07-07 2018-01-16 塞维欧纺织机械股份公司 Jet-propelled spinning apparatus

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EP3266910A1 (en) 2018-01-10
EP3266910B1 (en) 2021-03-24
CN107587215A (en) 2018-01-16
IT201600070676A1 (en) 2018-01-07
CN107587215B (en) 2021-12-21

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