WO2016041011A1 - Systèmes et procédés de protection pour véhicules - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés de protection pour véhicules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016041011A1
WO2016041011A1 PCT/AU2015/050550 AU2015050550W WO2016041011A1 WO 2016041011 A1 WO2016041011 A1 WO 2016041011A1 AU 2015050550 W AU2015050550 W AU 2015050550W WO 2016041011 A1 WO2016041011 A1 WO 2016041011A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
containers
fluid
container
protection apparatus
control unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2015/050550
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Phillips
Huon BORNSTEIN
Original Assignee
The Commonwealth Of Australia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2014903760A external-priority patent/AU2014903760A0/en
Application filed by The Commonwealth Of Australia filed Critical The Commonwealth Of Australia
Publication of WO2016041011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016041011A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H7/00—Armoured or armed vehicles
    • F41H7/02—Land vehicles with enclosing armour, e.g. tanks
    • F41H7/04—Armour construction
    • F41H7/042—Floors or base plates for increased land mine protection

Definitions

  • Described embodiments generally relate to protection systems and methods for vehicles. Some embodiments relate specifically to a protection apparatus for integration with or coupling to a vehicle to mitigate effects of an external explosion on the vehicle, while other embodiments relate to control units for controlling operations of the protection apparatus.
  • Injuries to an occupant within a vehicle subjected to a buried IED attack may be a result of four major structural responses: 1) hull rupture, which results in the ingress of detonation products and potential blast overpressure injuries; 2) localised deformation, which may result in injuries to occupants' lower legs due to floor deformation, spinal injuries due to deformation of seat mounting points causing large accelerations of the pelvis, or head and neck injuries due to deformation of seat mounting points resulting in contact between the head and interior structure of the vehicle; 3) Global motion, which can result in spinal injuries due to the change in velocity of the vehicle over a short time period (either in the initial upwards acceleration or the subsequent set down); and 4) Tertiary effects such as secondary projectiles impacting the occupant.
  • Hull rupture and localised deformation may result from localised explosive loading to a hull or body of the vehicle, while the global motion may result from the total impulse (momentum transfer) imparted to the vehicle hull.
  • the spatial and temporal distribution of loading may result from a loading profile that is dependent on a range of parameters, such as the explosive type, shape, standoff and soil properties such as density and moisture content for buried charges.
  • Some embodiments relate to a protection apparatus for a vehicle, the apparatus comprising a plurality of containers for receiving fluid comprising liquid, the plurality of containers being disposed to mitigate effects of an external explosion on the vehicle, wherein each container is provided with an opening to allow fluid to be conveyed to and from the container and each container is in fluid communication with at least one other container via the opening; at least one valve to control a flow of fluid to and from the plurality of containers; at least one pump arranged to convey fluid between the containers; and a fluid sensor associated with each of the containers, the fluid sensor being arranged to determine a fluid characteristic indicative of an amount of fluid in the container; wherein the pump and the valves are arranged to receive power from a power source to cause the pump and valves to operate to distribute fluid between at least some of the plurality of containers; and wherein a supply of power from the power source to the pump and valves is controlled by a control unit.
  • the protection apparatus may be integrated with the vehicle or the protection apparatus may be arranged to be coupled to at least one external face of the vehicle.
  • the sensors may be arranged to transmit output signals indicative of the amount of fluid in the container to the control unit, wherein operating instructions for controlling the supply of power to the pump and the valves may be based on the amount of fluid in the containers.
  • the fluid characteristic may comprise at least one of a fluid level of the fluid in the container and/or a weight of the fluid in the container.
  • control unit may comprise the power source and/or the protection apparatus may comprise the power source.
  • the containers may be arranged in a side-by-side configuration and/or may be arranged in an array.
  • the containers may be arranged in sets, wherein each set comprises a plurality of stacked containers.
  • each of the stacked containers may be spaced apart or separated from a next or neighbouring stacked container 214 in the set to provide an air gap therebetween.
  • At least some of the containers may be formed integrally with each other. Two or more of the containers may be separated from each other container by one or more shared walls, and the openings of the two or more containers may be disposed in the one or more shared walls.
  • the protection apparatus may further comprise a fluid conduit connected to at least some of the openings of the containers to provide fluid communication therebetween.
  • a first container of the plurality of containers may be independently in fluid communication with each of the others of the plurality of containers.
  • each of a plurality of fluid conduits may be connected between the opening of the first container and one of the openings of each of the others of the plurality of containers, respectively.
  • the conduit may comprise at least one of a tube, a hose and a pipe.
  • the at least one valve may be provided at the opening of each of the containers.
  • the at least one valve may be provided at the opening of each of the others of the plurality of containers.
  • the at least one valve may be provided in each of the plurality of fluid conduits connecting the first container to each of the others of the plurality of containers.
  • the at least one pump may be disposed in a first container of the plurality of containers.
  • the at least one pump may be disposed in each of the plurality of containers.
  • the conduit may comprise a first section and a second section, and the at least one pump may be disposed between the first section of the conduit and the second section of the conduit.
  • the conduit may comprise a plurality of sections of conduit and at least one pump may be disposed between each section of conduit.
  • each of the containers may be provided with one or more pressure equalisation apertures at or near a top of the container to allow pressure differences to be released when fluid is being transferred to or from each of the containers. At least some of the one or more pressure equalisation apertures may be connected to each other via a pressure equalisation conduit, and at least one of the containers may further comprise an outlet to allow pressure equalisation between the container and the external atmosphere.
  • an outlet may be provided toward a base of one or more of the containers to allow the containers to receive or discharge fluid.
  • the protection apparatus may further comprise an aeration system to aerate fluid contained in one or more of the containers.
  • the protection apparatus may further comprise one or more panels disposed on a face of one or more of the containers.
  • One or more of the panels may form a wall of one or more of the containers.
  • the one or more panels may be formed of a foam.
  • the protection apparatus comprising a first subsystem comprising at least some of the plurality of containers and a second subsystem comprising others of the plurality of containers, wherein the containers of the first subsystem are configured to receive a first fluid, and the containers of the second subsystem are configured to receive a second fluid which is different to the first fluid.
  • control unit for controlling operations of a protective apparatus for a vehicle, the control unit comprising: a controller arranged to control operations of the pump and valves of the protection apparatus; a memory accessible to the controller and arranged to store container data associated with the plurality of containers of the protection apparatus; wherein the controller is arranged to determine operation instructions pertaining to operations of the protective apparatus based on the container data and to control a supply of power to the pump and the valves in accordance with the operation instructions to thereby control a distribution of fluid between the containers of the protection apparatus.
  • the container data may comprise at least one of fluid levels of fluid in the containers, fluid volume of fluid in the containers, weight of fluid in the containers, measurements of the containers and geometry of the containers.
  • control unit may comprise a power source for supplying power to the pump and the valves of the protective apparatus.
  • control unit may comprise a transceiver unit enabled for wireless communications.
  • the transceiver unit may comprise a wireless transceiver in communication with the controller to allow the controller to communicate with a remote device over a communications network.
  • the controller may be arranged to receive container fluid data from the remote device via the transceiver and to determine operation instructions for the protection apparatus based on the received container fluid data.
  • the controller may be configured to be controllable remotely by commands received from the remote device.
  • control unit may comprise a user interface in communication with the controller to allow the controller to receive data from a user and/or to display data to the user.
  • the controller may be arranged to receive container fluid data from the user via the user interface and to determine operation instructions for the protection apparatus based on the received container fluid data.
  • the controller may be arranged to receive signals indicative of container fluid data from container sensors disposed at each of the containers.
  • the control unit may be electrically and/or communicatively coupled to the container sensors by one or more communications cables.
  • the transceiver unit may comprise a wireless transceiver in communication with the controller to allow the controller to communicate with the container sensors.
  • control unit may be electrically and/or communicatively coupled to occupancy sensors associated with seats provided in the vehicle by one or more communications cables.
  • the transceiver unit may comprise a wireless transceiver in communication with the controller to allow the controller to communicate with occupancy sensors associated with seats provided in the vehicle.
  • the controller may be arranged to receive signals indicative of seat occupancy data from the occupancy sensors indicative of whether or not the associated seat is occupied.
  • the controller may be arranged to store seat occupancy data in the memory.
  • the controller may be arranged to determine a distribution schedule for distributing fluid in the containers of the protection apparatus, and the distribution schedule may be based on at least one of container fluid data and seat occupancy data.
  • the distribution schedule may comprise at least one phase and each phase may comprise operation instructions for operating the pump and valves of the protection apparatus.
  • the distribution schedule may comprise a target fluid level for at least some of the containers of the protection apparatus.
  • Some embodiments relate to a method for controlling operations of a protective apparatus for a vehicle, the method operable by a control unit including a processor and a memory, the method comprising: determining container data associated with the plurality of containers of the protection apparatus; determining operation instructions for the pump and valves of the protection apparatus, wherein the operation instructions are based on the container data; controlling a supply of power to the pump and the valves in accordance with the operation instructions to thereby control a distribution of fluid between the containers of the protection apparatus.
  • the container data may comprise at least one of fluid levels of fluid in the containers, fluid volume of fluid in the containers, weight of fluid in the containers, measurements of the containers and geometry of the containers.
  • determining container data may comprise receiving container data from a remote device over a communications network via a transceiver unit.
  • determining operation instructions may comprise receiving commands from the remote device and determining the operation instructions based on the commands.
  • determining container data may comprise receiving container data from a user via a user interface.
  • determining container data may comprise receiving signals indicative of container data from container sensors disposed at each of the containers of the protection apparatus. The method may further comprise storing the container data in the memory of the control unit.
  • the method may further comprise receiving signals indicative of seat occupancy data from occupancy sensors associated with seats provided in the vehicle.
  • the method may further comprise storing the seat occupancy data in the memory of the control unit.
  • the method may further comprise determining a distribution schedule for redistributing fluid in the containers of the protection apparatus, and the distribution schedule may be based on at least one of the container fluid data and the seat occupancy data.
  • the distribution schedule may comprise at least one phase and each phase may comprise operation instructions for operating the pump and valves of the protection apparatus.
  • the distribution schedule may comprise a target fluid level for at least some of the containers of the protection apparatus.
  • Some embodiments relate to a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium encoded with computer executable instructions, which when executed in a computer system, is effective to cause the computer system to carry out the method described above.
  • the computer readable medium may be a non-transitory computer readable medium.
  • Some embodiments relate to a protective system comprising the protective apparatus and the control unit.
  • the protective system may further comprise one or more seat occupancy sensors and/or a remote device.
  • Some embodiments relate to a vehicle comprising the protective apparatus.
  • the vehicle may further comprise the control unit.
  • Figure 1A is a top view of a vehicle comprising a protection system, according to some embodiments.
  • Figure IB is a side view of the vehicle of Figure 1 A through section A- A;
  • Figure 1C is a bottom view of the vehicle of Figure A;
  • Figure 2A is a schematic representation of a protection apparatus, according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of a protection system comprising the protection apparatus of Figure 2A and a control unit, according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 4 is a flow diagram depicting an exemplary method of controlling operations of the protection apparatus Figure 2A, according to some embodiments.
  • Described embodiments generally relate to protection systems and methods for vehicles. Some embodiments relate specifically to a protection apparatus for integration with or coupling to a vehicle to mitigate effects of an external explosion on the vehicle, while other embodiments relate to control units for controlling operations of the protection apparatus.
  • FIG. 1A to 1C there is illustrated a vehicle 100 comprising a protection system 102 according to some embodiments.
  • the protection system 102 comprises a protection apparatus 104.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may be integrated or integrally formed with the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may be coupled or retrofitted to the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may be coupled to a hull 105 of the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may be integrated with or coupled or fitted to an underside 106, such as the underbody or undercarriage, of the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may be integrated with or coupled or fitted to sides 108, front 110, back 112 and/or any external face of the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may be coupled to the underside 106 and sides 108, front 110, back 112 and/or any external face of the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may extend from the underside 106 of the vehicle and surround or wrap around at least some of the sides 108 , front 110, back 112 and/or external face of the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may comprise a plurality of containers 114 capable of receiving and storing fluid.
  • the containers 114 may be used to provide storage capacity to store fluids which may need to be carried on-board the vehicle 100 such as oil, fuel and/or water, for example.
  • storing fluids in the containers 114 of the protection apparatus 104 may provide a degree of protection to the vehicle 100 by reducing damaging effects associated with external explosions.
  • the containers 114 of the protection apparatus 104 may be configured or arranged in an array and/or a side-by- side arrangement.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may comprise a plurality of sets (not shown) of stacked containers 114.
  • Each stacked container 114 may be spaced apart or separated from a next or neighbouring stacked container 114 in the set (not shown) to provide an air gap therebetween.
  • the plurality of sets of stacked containers 114 may be configured or arranged in an array and/or a side-by-side arrangement.
  • the sets of stacked containers 114 may be aligned with each other in rows and/or columns. In other embodiments, some of the stacked containers 114 may be out of register with others of the containers 114.
  • alternate rows of the containers 114 may be staggered to cover gaps between the columns of containers 114.
  • the containers 114 may be configured in an arrangement such that when coupled to the vehicle 100, at least a portion of one of the containers 114 is aligned with a seat 116 as depicted in Figures 1 A to 1C or with a region within the cabin of the vehicle 100 which may be deemed to require protection.
  • Each container 114 may be in fluid communication with at least one other of the containers 114.
  • the containers 114 may be in fluid communication with at least one other of the containers 114 via a fluid conduit, hose, pipe or tube 118.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may comprise at least one valve 228 ( Figure 2A) to control a flow of fluid between the containers 114.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may comprise one or more pumps 120 for conveying fluid from one container 114 to another.
  • the one or more pumps 120 may be associated with at least one of the containers 114.
  • the protection system 102 may further comprise a control unit 122 to control operations of the protection apparatus 104.
  • the control unit 122 is arranged to control the operation of the pump(s) 120 and/or valve(s) 228 ( Figure 2A).
  • each container 114 may comprise a container sensor 124, such as a fluid level sensor, fluid volume sensor or fluid mass sensor, to sense or detect a fluid characteristic indicative of an amount of fluid in the container 114.
  • the container sensor 124 may be a pressure transducer and may be arranged to have a sensing head generally submerged below a fluid level in the container 114 in order to obtain a relatively constant and accurate measure of a fluid level within the container 114.
  • the container sensor 124 may be a strain gauge or other sensor to detect a characteristic indicative of an amount of fluid in each container 114.
  • the container sensor(s) 124 may be arranged to communicate with the control unit 122 to provide the control unit 122 with a constant or sufficiently regular as to be effectively constant, or a periodic measurement of the fluid level in the container 114.
  • the seats 116 may comprise a seat sensor 126, such as a pressure sensor or strain gauge, to detect whether the seat 116 is occupied.
  • the seat sensor(s) 126 may be a continuous or a discrete sensor.
  • the seat sensor(s) 126 may be arranged to communicate with the control unit 122 to provide the control unit 122 with an indication of whether the seat 116 is occupied at a given time.
  • the container sensor(s) 124 and/or the seat sensor(s) 126 may be electrically and/or communicatively coupled to the control unit 122 by means of one or more communications cables (not shown), which may include distinct or separate power and signalling communications channels.
  • the container sensor(s) 124 and/or the seat sensor(s) 126 may be wirelessly coupled to the control unit 122, for example, by means of InfraRed communication ports, Bluetooth or other IEEE 802.11 protocols, and/or ZigBee or other IEEE 802.15 protocols.
  • control unit 122 may employ signals received from the container sensor(s) 124 and/or signals received from the seat sensor(s) 126 to determine operating instructions for the pump(s) 120 and/or valve(s) 228 ( Figure 2A) to distribute or redistribute fluid between the containers 114.
  • the protection apparatus 104 may be provided with a shield (not shown), such as a cage structure, cloth or plastic covering to shield the protection apparatus 104 from damage caused by road debris and the like.
  • the protection apparatus 104 having containers comprising fluid to the vehicle, and in particular, to the underside 106 and/or any external surface of the vehicle 100, the effects of an explosion under the vehicle 100 may be mitigated, and may, for example, include a reduction in deformation of the vehicle and/or a reduction in a global motion of the vehicle.
  • the protection apparatus 204 may comprise a plurality of containers 214a to 214f.
  • Figure 2 A depicts the protection apparatus 204 having six containers 214
  • the protection apparatus 204 may comprise any suitable number of containers 214, for example, as deemed appropriate for different applications and/or vehicles 100.
  • the number of containers 214 may be selected to correspond to a number of seats 116 in a vehicle 100.
  • each container 214 may be associated with a seat 116 and may be arranged to align with the associated seat 216 when the protective apparatus 204 is coupled to the vehicle 100.
  • each container 214 may be associated with more than one seat 116 and may be arranged to align with the associated seats 116 when the protective apparatus 204 is coupled to the vehicle 100.
  • each container 214 may be associated with a seat 116 and may be arranged to align with the associated seat 116 when the protective apparatus 204 is coupled to the vehicle 100.
  • each container 214 may be in fluid communication with at least one other of the containers 214.
  • each container 214 may be provided with an opening 217 to allow fluid to be conveyed to and from the container 214.
  • the containers 214 may be in fluid communication with at least some other containers 214 via the openings 217, for example, through shared walls (not shown) or via a conduit 218.
  • At least some of the containers 214 may be integrally formed with each other.
  • at least some of the containers 214 may be separated from a neighbouring container 214 by a shared wall (not shown), and the openings 217 of some of the containers 214 may be disposed in the shared side walls to allow fluid communication therebetween.
  • the protection apparatus 204 may comprise a plurality of interconnected conduit, pipes or tubes 218 forming a network of conduits providing fluid communication between at least some of the containers 214.
  • Each container 214 may be connected via the conduit 218 to one or more other containers 214.
  • a first container 214 such as primary container 214a, of the plurality of containers 214 may be independently in fluid communication with each of the others of the plurality of containers 214.
  • a plurality of conduits 218 may be connected between the openings 217 of the first container 214a and the openings 217 of each of the others of the plurality of containers 214b to 214f, respectively.
  • the containers 214 may be connected together in a number of different ways to provide fluid communication such that each container is in fluid communication with at least one other of the containers 214, such as a combination of the arrangements described above.
  • the plurality of containers 214 may comprise at least one valve 228 to control the conveying or transfer of fluid between the containers 214 of the protection apparatus 204.
  • each of the containers 214 may each comprise a valve 228 disposed or provided at the openings 217 of the containers 214.
  • the valve 228 may be disposed at an opening 217 located toward a base or bottom 230 of the container 214.
  • the conduit 218 may be connected to the valves 228 provided at the openings 217 of the containers 214 to allow fluid to be conveyed or transferred between containers 214.
  • a valve 228 may be provided at the opening 217 of each of the other plurality of containers 214b to 214f and/or in each of the plurality of fluid conduits 218 connecting the primary container 214a to each of the others of the plurality of containers 214.
  • the protection apparatus 204 may comprise a pressure equalisation conduit or network 232 to provide fluid communication between the containers 214a to 214f.
  • a pressure equalisation conduit or network 232 may be provided at or toward a top 236 of each container 214a to 214f and the equalisation conduit 232 may be connected to the aperture 234 of the containers 214 at or near the top 236 of each container 214a to 214f.
  • the equalisation conduit 232 may allow air to flow between the containers 214a to 214f when fluid is distributed or redistributed between containers via the conduit 218, thereby equalising pressure between the containers 214 as fluid is distributed or redistributed.
  • a pressure relief valve, air release valve or opening 238 may be provided at or toward the top 236 of one or more of the containers 214, to equalise the pressure between the container 214 and the external atmosphere.
  • each container 214 of the protection apparatus 204 may comprise a pressure relief valve or air release valve 238 instead of the aperture 234 and equalisation conduit 232.
  • the protection apparatus 204 may comprise one or more pumps 220 connected to the conduit 218 and arranged to provide a pressure difference between containers 214 in order to pump fluid between the containers 214.
  • the pump(s) 220 may be housed in a vicinity of a container 214, such as within, underneath or alongside the container 214.
  • one or more pumps 220 are provided within, underneath or alongside the primary container 214 only.
  • one or more pumps 220 are provided within, underneath or alongside one or more of the containers 214.
  • one or more pumps 220 are associated with and provided in proximity to the primary container and are configured to control the conveying or transferring of fluid between all of the containers 214 of the protective apparatus 204. As depicted in Figure 2 A, the one or more pumps 220 may be connected between the conduit 218 and valve 228 of the primary container 214.
  • the conduit 218 comprises a first section (not shown) and a second section (not shown) and the at least one pump 220 may be disposed between the first section of the conduit 218 and the second section of the conduit 218.
  • the conduit 218 comprises a plurality of sections of conduit 218 and the at least one pump 220 may be disposed between each section of conduit 218.
  • one or more pumps 220 are associated with each container 214 and the one or more pumps 220 are configured to pump fluid to and from the associated container 214.
  • each of the one or more pumps 220 may be connected between the conduit 218 and valve 228 of each container 214 or may be connected between the container 214 and the valve 228, such that the valve 228 is directly connected to the conduit 218.
  • the valve(s) 228 may be independently or collectively operated or activated to transition between an open state and closed state. When in the open state, the valve 228 may allow fluid communication between the container 214 and other containers 214 via the conduit 218. When in the closed state, the valve 228 may block, prevent or disallow fluid communication between the container 214 and other containers 214 via the conduit 218, thereby isolating the container 214 from the other containers 214 of the protection apparatus 204.
  • the valve(s) 228 may be operated electrically or hydraulically via a control unit 122. In other embodiments, the valve(s) 228 may be operated mechanically or manually by a user. In some embodiments, the valve(s) 228 may be operated either by the control unit 122 or manually by a user, for example if the control unit 122 stops functioning.
  • At least some of the containers 214 may be provided with an opening or inlet 240 to receive fluid and enable the container 214 to be filled or replenished with fluid.
  • only one of the containers 214 such as the primary container 214a, may be provided with an opening or inlet 240 enabling the container 214 to be filled or replenished with fluid.
  • the inlet 240 may be disposed at or toward the top 236 of the container 214.
  • at least some of the containers 214 may comprise an outlet valve or tap 242 disposed at or near the bottom 230 of the container 214 to allow fluid to be drained, discharged or expelled from the container 214.
  • only one container 214 such as a primary container 214a, may comprise an outlet valve or tap 242.
  • the outlet valve or tap 242 may also be used for filling the containers 214 with fluid from a pressurised fluid source.
  • each container 214 may comprise one or more inlets 240 and/or one or more outlets 242.
  • only one container 214 such as a primary container 214a, may comprise an inlet 240 and/or outlet 242.
  • the containers 114, 214 may comprise any suitable shape or geometry.
  • a container geometry may be selected to suit or accommodate a specific application and/or vehicle 100 to which the protection apparatus 104, 204 is to be coupled.
  • the containers 114, 214 of the protection apparatus 104, 204 may substantially cover a region of the underside 106 of the vehicle 100 which corresponds to a region under or supporting a cabin (not shown) of the vehicle 100, or a particular area of the vehicle 100 where protection is required.
  • the container geometry may be chosen to optimise blast mitigation effects for a given container volume.
  • the container geometry may be chosen to optimise blast mitigation against blasts from a particular direction relative to the container.
  • the container geometry may be chosen to increase a rigidity of the container 114, 214.
  • the container geometry may comprise a number of container segments separated by walls and/or air gaps.
  • the container geometry may be selected to protect particular a vehicle 100 with a particular hull 105 geometry.
  • containers 114, 214 for protecting an underside of a flat-bottomed vehicle may have a depth which is greater than half of a length of the container 114, 214 or greater than half of a width of the container 114, 214.
  • the depth of the containers 114, 214 may be selected or designed to account for a total plan form surface area required for protection, and fluid capacity requirements expected for a given application.
  • the depth of the containers 114, 214 may be between about 50mm and 700mm.
  • the thickness of the container walls may be between about 0.1mm and 10mm, for example, depending on the application and chosen materials.
  • the protection apparatus 104, 204 may comprise a plurality of containers 114, 214, at least some of which differ from others in terms of shape and/or volume capacity.
  • the containers 114, 214 may be spaced apart from, or located in close proximity to or make contact with, adjacent or neighbouring containers 114, 214.
  • the containers 114, 214 may comprise separate discrete chambers (not shown) disposed therewithin.
  • the containers 114, 214 may comprise one or more relatively rigid or flexible bladders disposed within the containers 114, 214 such that some fluids can be contained within the containers 114, 214 but outside the bladders, and different fluids can be contained within the one or more bladders.
  • the containers 114, 214 may be composed of or made of any material having a suitable thickness such that fluid may be retained or stored in the containers 114, 214 during operation of the vehicle 100.
  • the containers 114, 214 may comprise walls having a durability, fracture toughness, hardness, stiffness and strength, such that they can withstand forces associated with operation of the vehicle 100, such as vibration, acceleration, temperature changes and minor impacts from stones, for example.
  • the walls of the containers 114, 214 may also be fragile enough that they readily break up under the effects of an explosion. For example, if the walls of the containers 114, 214 are too strong and stiff, then more of the energy from the explosion may be transferred to the vehicle 100 because the container 114, 214 may impede the movement of the fluid away from the vehicle 100.
  • the walls of the containers 114, 214 may be weakened or comprise a release valve (not shown) or more frangible region compared to the rest of the walls of the container 114, 214.
  • the bottom 230 of the containers 114, 214 may be relatively thicker than the other walls of the container 114, 214 or may comprise a different material in order to provide increased protection against projectiles and translate more energy from the explosion into sideways motion of the fluid.
  • the containers 114, 214 may comprise any suitable material such as: plastics, resins, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyurethane, Perspex, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), metals, aluminium, steel, tin, alloys.
  • the protection apparatus 204 may comprise blocks or panels (not shown) to provide further protection against an explosion.
  • the panels may comprise any suitable energy absorbing, energy dissipating, or energy dispersing material.
  • the panels may comprise an open-cell or closed-cell foam or honeycomb structure formed of a suitable material such as a plastic, paper, metal, metal alloy, or composite material, for example.
  • the panels may comprise a shear-thickening material. The panels may cooperate with the containers 114, 214 to enhance mitigation of explosion effects such as blast loading.
  • the panels may be disposed on the hull 105 of the vehicle 100.
  • the panels may be disposed between the containers 114, 214 and the hull 105 of the vehicle 100.
  • the panels may contact or be spaced apart from an outer surface of one or more of the containers 114, 214 and/or the hull 105.
  • the panels may cover part of or all of the underside 106 of the vehicle 100.
  • the panels may cover all of or part of the sides 108 of the vehicle 100.
  • the panels may substantially cover a region of the underside 106 of the vehicle 100 which corresponds to a region under or supporting a cabin (not shown) of the vehicle 100, or a particular area of the vehicle 100 where protection is required.
  • the panels may be disposed within one or more of the containers 114, 214.
  • the panels may be arranged to line or lie flush withone or more or all inner surfaces of the walls (not shown) of one or more of the containers 114, 214.
  • the panels may be arranged to cover one or more or all outer surfaces of the containers 114, 214.
  • one or more of the containers 114, 214 may comprise one or more of the panels.
  • the panels may form one or more walls of the containers 114, 214.
  • the protection apparatus 104, 204 may be integrated with or coupled to the vehicle 100 such that it is directly attached to and in contact with the vehicle 100 or may be held or suspended at a distance from the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104, 204 may be spaced away from the vehicle 100 at a standoff distance of up to about 300mm.
  • a wall (not shown) of one or more of the containers 114, 214 may comprise a portion of the hull 105 of the vehicle 100.
  • the underside of the hull 105 may form an upper wall (not shown) of the containers 114, 214 disposed on the underside 106 of the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104, 204 and/or containers 114, 214 may be attached to the vehicle 100 via a fastening means (not shown) such as screws, bolts, rivets, brackets, harnesses, cables, straps, magnets, adhesive and/or a mounting structure.
  • a fastening means such as screws, bolts, rivets, brackets, harnesses, cables, straps, magnets, adhesive and/or a mounting structure.
  • the containers 114, 214 may be arranged to receive any suitable fluid such as a liquid, a fluid comprising a liquid, a liquid-solid mixture, a liquid-gas mixture, a newtonian fluid, a non-newtonian fluid, a shear-thickening fluid, gel, resin, oil, fuel, diesel, hydraulic fluid, coolant, water, saline, urine, an aqueous solution.
  • the fluid may contain additives such as, dye, chlorine, antibacterial additives, anticorrosion additives, fire retardant, solid particles.
  • the protection apparatus 104, 204 may comprise an aeration system to introduce a gas such as air to the fluid in the containers 114, 214, for example, as discussed below with reference to Figure 2B. Aerating the fluid may further enhance mitigation of the effects of an explosion or blast loading on the vehicle 100.
  • the protection apparatus 104, 204 may comprise independent aeration systems for each container 114, 214. The aeration system may be contained within the container 114, 214, or some components of the aeration system may be external to the containers 114, 214.
  • Air may be pressurised and fed into the fluid, for example, near a bottom of the container 114, 214, so as to aerate the fluid.
  • the air may be drawn from the external atmosphere.
  • the air may be drawn from a top of the container 114, 214 and recirculated through the fluid via the aeration system.
  • an aeration system 250 for one of the containers 214 is shown according to some embodiments. However, it will be appreciated that a similar aeration system 250 may be used for one or more of the other containers 214 of the protection apparatus 104.
  • the aeration system 250 may comprise a compressor 252 to compress or pressurise the air, a conduit 254 for conveying or feeding air from at or near the top 236 of the container 214 into the compressor 252, an aerator 256 to aerate the fluid, and a conduit 258 for conveying or feeding the compressed or pressurised air from the compressor 252 into the aerator 256.
  • the aerator 256 may be disposed at or near the bottom 230 of the container 214.
  • the aerator 256 may comprise any suitable geometry such as tubular, cylindrical, toroidal or ring shaped, discshaped or planar, for example.
  • the compressor 252 and conduits 254, 258 may be disposed externally to the container 214 as shown in Figure 2B. However, in some embodiments, they may be disposed within the container 214.
  • the aeration system 250 may further comprise an inlet valve 260 disposed near an opening 262 of the container 214 to which the conduit 258 is coupled or connected, to supply compressed air from the compressor 252 to the aerator 256.
  • the inlet valve 260 may restrict, block or prevent fluid contained in the container 214 from being discharged through the opening.
  • the inlet valve 260 may be controlled in the same manner as described above in relation to valves 228.
  • the inlet valve 260 may comprise a one-way valve which does not require external control.
  • the container 214 may comprise a pressure relief valve or air release valve 238 near the top 236 of the container 214 to allow for pressure equalisation between the container 214 and the external atmosphere.
  • the conduit 258 may branch off to supply compressed air to other aerators 256 in other containers 214.
  • the network of conduits 218 for redistributing fluid to the containers 214 could function as a compressed air conduit 258 when not being used for fluid redistribution for protection purposes.
  • the pump 120 and compressor 252 may both have isolation valves (not shown) associated with them to selectively isolate them from the rest of the conduit 218, 258.
  • the compressor 252 may be isolated when the pump 120 is being used to redistribute fluid between containers 214, and the pump 120 may be isolated when the compressor 252 is being used to aerate the fluid in the containers 214.
  • the aeration system 250 may comprise an independent network (not shown) of conduits 258 connecting the compressor 252 to aerators 256 in one or more of the containers 214 and running in parallel to the network of fluid redistribution conduits 218.
  • the protection apparatus 104, 204 may comprise multiple subsystems (not shown) each comprising one or more containers 114, 214, and the subsystems may be configured to operate independently and concurrently with a different fluid in each subsystem.
  • the containers of one subsystem may contain fuel and the containers 114, 214 of another subsystem may contain water.
  • the independent subsystems of containers 114, 214 may each comprise dedicated conduits 218, valves 228, 238, pumps 220, inlets 240 and outlets 242 arranged as described in relation to Figure 2A.
  • Each subsystem may be independently operable. Providing multiple subsystems of containers on a vehicle 100 allows multiple different on board fluids to be used for explosion protection.
  • different subsystems may be arranged to protect different seats 116 in a vehicle.
  • some of the seats 116 may be protected by one subsystem of containers 114, 214 and other of the seats 116 may be protected by another subsystem of containers 114, 214.
  • one or more of the seats 116 may be protected by containers 114, 214 from more than one subsystem.
  • the containers 114, 214 of different subsystems may be arranged in a side-by-side configuration and/or a vertically stacked configuration and cooperate to protect one or more of the seats 116.
  • the containers 114, 214 of one subsystem may comprise one or more flexible bladders (not shown) disposed within one or more of the containers 114, 214 of another subsystem.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of the protective system 102 comprising the control unit 122 and the protective apparatus 104, 204 is shown according to some embodiments.
  • the control unit 122 may include a controller 300 including one or a plurality of processors 302 which may operate together (referred to for convenience as "processor 302") and a memory 304.
  • the memory 304 may comprise a combination of volatile and non-volatile computer readable storage and may have sufficient capacity to store program code executable by processor 302 in order to perform appropriate processing functions as described herein.
  • the memory 304 may include a control module 306 comprising program code, which when executed by the processor 302, may be arranged to cause the control unit 122 to control operations of the protection apparatus 104, 204.
  • control unit 122 may comprise program code, which when executed by the processor 302, may be arranged to cause the control unit 122 to control operations of the pump(s) 120, 220 and/or to control operations of the valve(s) 228, to distribute or redistribute fluid between the containers 114, 214, or to control operations of the compressor(s) 252 to aerate fluid contained in the containers 114, 214.
  • control unit 122 may comprise a power source 308.
  • the power source 308 may be a battery, such as a long-life or lithium battery or a replaceable battery.
  • control unit 122 may draw power from an alternator or battery of the vehicle 102.
  • the protection apparatus 104, 204 may comprise a power source to power the pump(s) 120, 220, compressor(s) 252 and valve(s) 228. However, supply of the power from the power source of the protection apparatus 104, 204 may be controlled by the control unit 122.
  • control unit 122 may comprise a transceiver unit 310 to enable wireless communications with the container sensor(s) 124 and/or the seat sensor(s).
  • control unit 122 may be enabled for wireless communication with external or remote devices over a communications network using a wireless communications protocol, such as Bluetooth, a mobile telephony standard protocol or a packet routing protocol.
  • control unit 122 may communicate via transceiver unit 310 with a remote device 312, such as a Tablet or smartphone, to allow a user of the device 312 to remotely control operations of the protection apparatus 104 and/or override processing functions of the processor 302.
  • a remote device 312 such as a Tablet or smartphone
  • the control unit 122 may be arranged to receive data or commands from the remote device to set parameters or threshold fluid levels for specific containers 114, 214, instructions for distributing or redistributing fluid between the containers 114, and/or to provide information indicative of seat occupancy or vacancy.
  • the control unit 122 may be arranged to transmit data to the remote device 312 indicative of the protection apparatus and/or operation data relating to the operations of the protection apparatus 104, 204 and/or the control unit 122.
  • the control unit 122 may comprise a user interface 314 for receiving data or commands from a user, such as parameters values or threshold fluid levels for specific containers 114, 214 instructions for redistributing fluid between the containers 114, 214 and/or to information indicative of seat occupancy or vacancy.
  • the user interface 314 may be arranged to display or output data to the user, such as data indicative of the protection apparatus 104, 204 and/or operation data relating to the operations of the protection apparatus 104, 204 and/or the control unit 122.
  • the user interface 314 may comprise a graphical user interface, a voice user interface, and/or a touchscreen.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram depicting a method 400 of controlling operations of the protection apparatus 104, 204.
  • the control module 306 may comprise program code, which when executed by the processor 302, may be arranged to cause the control unit 122 to control operations of the protection apparatus 104, 204 in accordance with the method 400.
  • the control unit 122 may determine data indicative of an amount of fluid in the containers, such as the fluid level or volume of fluid stored in each container 114, 214. In some embodiments, the control unit 122 may receive a signal indicative of an amount of fluid in the containers 214, such as the fluid level or volume of fluid stored in each container 114, 214, from the container sensors 124. In some embodiments, the data may be determined and provided to the control unit 122 by the user. For example, the data may be received by the controller 400 of the control unit 122 via the user interface 314 or via transceiver unit 310 from the device 312. In some embodiments, the data may be determined by the processor 302 at least in part from information stored in memory 314.
  • the data or container fluid data may be stored in the memory 304.
  • the control unit 122 may continue to monitor the signals received from the container sensors 124 and/or the data received from the user via interface 314 or transceiver unit 310 and update recorded values of fluid amounts in each container 114, 214 in the memory 304.
  • the control unit 122 may optionally receive signals from seat sensors 126 indicating whether or not each seat 116 is occupied (if the protection system 102 includes seat sensors 126) and determine therefrom seat occupancy data.
  • seat occupancy data may be determined by a user and provided to the controller 400 via the user interface 314 or via transceiver unit 310 or may be determined by the processor 302 from information stored in memory 314.
  • the processor 302 may determine a total fluid value indicative of a total volume or amount of fluid stored in the protection apparatus 104, 204. For example, the processor 302 may access and retrieve container data including the container fluid data and/or container specifications stored in the memory 304 and may determine the total fluid value from the container data. In some embodiments, the processor 302 may store the determined total volume or amount of fluid in the memory 304. [0114] At 408, the processor 302 may determine a final target fluid value, such as a target fluid level or target fluid volume (or an acceptable range of values) for each container 114. In some embodiments, the processor 302 may retrieve the total fluid value, container fluid data and/or seat occupancy data from the memory 304 and utilise the information to determine the final target fluid values for each container 114, 214.
  • a target fluid value such as a target fluid level or target fluid volume (or an acceptable range of values)
  • control module 306 may comprise program code, which when executed by the processor 302, may be arranged to cause the controller 300 to cause an even or substantially even distribution or redistribution of fluid between selected containers 114, 214, such as containers aligned with occupied seats 116.
  • control module 306 may comprise program code, which when executed by the processor 302, may be arranged to cause the controller 300 to cause a distribution or redistribution of fluid between selected containers 114, 214 in accordance with a preconfigured weighting. For example, containers 114, 214 aligned with certain seats 116 may be provided with more fluid than other containers aligned with other seats 116.
  • a user may select a distribution pattern or a redistribution pattern for distribution of the fluid between the containers 114, 214 and provide this information to the controller 300 via the user interface 314 and/or via the transceiver 310, for example, from the device 312.
  • the final target fluid amount or level for each container 114, 214 may be stored in the memory 304.
  • the processor 302 may determine a distribution or redistribution schedule to attempt to achieve the target fluid values for each container 114.
  • the distribution schedule may comprise one or more phases, and each phase may have a set of intermediate target fluid values (or an acceptable range of values) for one or more of the containers 114, 214.
  • each of the intermediate and final target fluid levels may be higher or lower than the initial fluid level of the corresponding containers 114, 214.
  • each phase of the distribution schedule may include a set of operating instructions for operating the pump(s) 120, 220 and valve(s) 228.
  • the operating instructions may include information such as when to open and close the valve(s) 228, when to activate and deactivate the pump(s) 120, 220, and in which direction to pump fluid.
  • the distribution schedule and intermediate target fluid values for each phase for each container 114, 214 may be stored in the memory 304.
  • the processor 302 may access the distribution schedule stored in the memory 304 and may execute program code of the control module 306 to cause the controller 300 to begin phase 1 of the distribution schedule.
  • the processor 302 may access the operating instructions of the current phase stored in the memory 304 and execute program code of the control module 306 to cause the controller 300 to supply power to selected valve(s) 228 according to the operating instructions to cause the selected valve(s) 228 to open.
  • the selected valve(s) 228 to be open may be valve(s) associated with selected containers 114, 214 having a difference between the current fluid amount or level and the target fluid value for that container 114, 214 for the current phase.
  • the processor 302 may access the operating instructions stored in the memory 304 and cause the control unit 122 to supply power to the pump(s) 120, 220 causing the pump(s) 120, 220 to operate in accordance with the operating instructions of the current phase.
  • the controller 300 may continue to monitor container fluid data received from the container sensors 124 and/or the user via the user interface 314 and/or the transceiver unit 310 and update the container fluid data for the container 114, 214 in the memory 304.
  • the processor 302 may determine the current fluid amount or level for each container 114, 214 and compare it with a corresponding target fluid value of the current phase for the container 114, 214. For example, the processor 302 may determine the current fluid level of the containers 114, 214 from the container fluid data retrieved from the memory 304.
  • the processor 302 may execute program code of the control module 306 to cause the controller 300 to cause power to be supplied to the valve(s) of the selected container(s) 114, 214 to close the selected valve(s) 228.
  • the processor 302 may determine whether the phase targets of the current phase have been reached for all of the containers 114, 214. If all of the phase targets of the current phase have not been met, then the method reverts to 416. If all of the phase targets of the current phase have been reached, the method proceeds to 426.
  • the processor 302 may execute program code of the control module 306 to cause the controller 300 to cause stop the supply of power to the selected pump(s) 120, 220.
  • the processor 302 may consult the distribution schedule stored in the memory 304 to determine whether all of the phases have been completed in accordance with the distribution schedule.
  • the processor 302 may execute program code of the control module 306 to cause the controller 300 access the distribution schedule stored in the memory 304 to begin a next phase of the distribution schedule and the method reverts to 414.
  • the method ends at 432.
  • the controller 300 or the control unit 122, the container sensor(s) and/or the seat sensors 126 may be disconnected from the power source 308 or other power source, and switched off to conserve power.
  • 402 to 430 of method 400 may be conducted in a different order than that depicted in Figure 4 and furthermore, not all of 402 to 430 may be required to perform the method.
  • Phase 1 may have intermediate phase target levels of: 214a empty, 214b full, 214c empty, 214d half full, 214e half full, 214f empty.
  • the phase 1 targets may be achieved by opening valves 228a, 228d, and 228e, and activating the pump 220 to pump fluid from container 214a to containers 214d and 214e.
  • the controller 300 may continue monitoring the fluid levels, and when one of the containers 214d and 214e are half full, the corresponding valve 228 will be closed and the pump 220 will continue pumping fluid from container 214a until it is empty and both containers 214d and 214e are half full.
  • the corresponding valve 228 is closed, and when all of the phase 1 targets have been reached, the pump 220 may be deactivated and the controller 300 may continue to phase 2.
  • Phase 2 may have intermediate phase target levels of: 214a half full, 214b half full, 214c empty, 214d half full, 214e half full, 214f empty.
  • the phase 2 targets may be achieved by opening valves 228a and 228b, and activating the pump 220 to pump fluid from container 214b to container 214a.
  • the controller 300 may continue monitoring the fluid levels, and when both of the containers 214a and 214b are half full, the phase 2 targets will have been reached. The corresponding valves will be closed and the pump 220 deactivated. Then the controller 300 may continue to phase 3.
  • Phase 3 is the final phase, so the intermediate phase target levels of phase 3 are the same as the final target fluid levels: 214a empty, 214f empty, 214b half full, 214c half full, 214d half full and 214e half full.
  • the phase 3 targets may be achieved by opening valves 228a and 228c, and activating the pump 220, to pump fluid from container 214a to container 214c.
  • the controller 300 may continue monitoring the fluid levels, and when container 214a is empty and container 214c is half full, the phase 3 targets will have been reached. The corresponding valves will be closed and the pump 220 deactivated. Then all three phases will be complete and the final target fluid levels met, so the control unit 122 may be turned off.
  • fluid may be distributed or redistributed between the containers 114, 214 of the protection apparatus 104, 204 without using the pump 120, 220.
  • a method of operation may be useful in a situation where a pump 120, 220 fails.
  • the valves 228 of the containers 114, 214 associated with occupied seats 116 may be opened (for example, manually) so that the fluid may be distributed or redistributed relatively evenly between the containers 114 due to the effect of gravity, assuming the containers 114, 214 are all at substantially the same level.
  • Valves 228 associated with unoccupied seats 116 may remain closed to isolate the associated containers 114, 214 from the other containers of the protection apparatus.
  • Some embodiments described may protect against, mitigate, attenuate, suppress, or resist the effects of an explosion, detonation, blast wave, pressure wave, shock, acoustic wave, impact, improvised explosive device (IED), bomb, mine, landmine, ordnance, explosive, fragmentation, debris, ejecta, shrapnel, or projectiles on a vehicle, craft, tank, automobile, car, truck, suv, utility vehicle, armoured vehicle, up-armoured vehicle, armoured personnel carrier or HMMWV.
  • IED improvised explosive device

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil de protection pour accouplement à une surface externe d'un véhicule afin de protéger le véhicule des effets d'explosion. L'appareil comprend une pluralité de contenants pour recevoir un fluide comportant du liquide, chaque contenant étant pourvu d'une ouverture afin de permettre au fluide d'être acheminé vers et depuis le contenant et chaque contenant étant en communication fluidique avec au moins un autre contenant par l'intermédiaire des ouvertures. L'appareil de protection comprend au moins une vanne pour commander un écoulement de fluide vers et depuis la pluralité de contenants, au moins une pompe conçue pour acheminer le fluide entre les contenants; et un capteur de fluide associé à chacun des contenants, le capteur de fluide étant conçu pour déterminer une caractéristique de fluide indicative d'une quantité de fluide dans le contenant. La pompe et les vannes sont conçues pour recevoir de l'énergie provenant d'une source d'énergie afin d'amener la pompe et les vannes à fonctionner pour distribuer le fluide entre au moins certains contenants de la pluralité de contenants et une alimentation d'énergie de la source d'énergie à la pompe et aux vannes est commandée par une unité de commande.
PCT/AU2015/050550 2014-09-19 2015-09-15 Systèmes et procédés de protection pour véhicules WO2016041011A1 (fr)

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AU2014903760A AU2014903760A0 (en) 2014-09-19 Protection systems and methods for vehicles

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US20160313093A1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-10-27 Gregory Hiemenz Fluid encapsulated flooring system
DE102016111285A1 (de) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-21 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Panzerungselement zur Anordnung an einem Fahrzeug
GB2603948A (en) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-24 Secr Defence An armour system

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US20120204711A1 (en) * 2011-02-10 2012-08-16 Engleman Gregory W Apparatus for Defeating Threat Projectiles
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WO2004038320A1 (fr) * 2002-10-28 2004-05-06 Geke Technologie Gmbh Dispositif de protection contre les mines
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DE102016111285A1 (de) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-21 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Panzerungselement zur Anordnung an einem Fahrzeug
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WO2022175791A1 (fr) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 The Secretary Of State For Defence Système de blindage

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