WO2016039273A1 - 表示制御装置、表示制御方法および表示制御プログラム - Google Patents
表示制御装置、表示制御方法および表示制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016039273A1 WO2016039273A1 PCT/JP2015/075251 JP2015075251W WO2016039273A1 WO 2016039273 A1 WO2016039273 A1 WO 2016039273A1 JP 2015075251 W JP2015075251 W JP 2015075251W WO 2016039273 A1 WO2016039273 A1 WO 2016039273A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory
- G09G5/37—Details of the operation on graphic patterns
- G09G5/377—Details of the operation on graphic patterns for mixing or overlaying two or more graphic patterns
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/22—Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
- G06F3/04817—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance using icons
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
- G06F3/0485—Scrolling or panning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/60—Type of objects
- G06V20/62—Text, e.g. of license plates, overlay texts or captions on TV images
- G06V20/635—Overlay text, e.g. embedded captions in a TV program
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/04—Partial updating of the display screen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
- G09G2340/12—Overlay of images, i.e. displayed pixel being the result of switching between the corresponding input pixels
- G09G2340/125—Overlay of images, i.e. displayed pixel being the result of switching between the corresponding input pixels wherein one of the images is motion video
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
- G09G2360/12—Frame memory handling
- G09G2360/121—Frame memory handling using a cache memory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/34—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators for rolling or scrolling
- G09G5/346—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators for rolling or scrolling for systems having a bit-mapped display memory
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display control device, a display control method, and a display control program.
- an annotation technique for providing visual interpretation contents to a user by overlay display when the user uses an application is known.
- the interpretation result at each moment is displayed as an overlay, and the display is updated in synchronization with changes and movements of the interpretation target, and the user's original video and interpretation of it And present at the same time.
- Patent Document 1 As a specific application example in this field, there is an annotation system (for example, see Patent Document 1). This is a system that continuously captures a screen screen of a PC, searches for an area similar to a specified image template on the screen, and overlays icons at the obtained positions.
- a person defines in advance a plurality of rules in which an image template and a short message corresponding to each are set as one set. These rule sets are image-template-matched to the captured image at every moment, and the position where the icon is to be displayed is calculated.
- This process corresponds to an image content interpretation process.
- Annotate a specific button or text field on the window of the system AP by overlaying the interpretation on the PC screen that is actually operated by a person, or a specific icon or character on each table displayed in the table Hint information can be attached to the column.
- the annotation system uses image template matching, it is generally known that calculation time is required as the area of the application target image increases. Note that, for example, it may be possible to deal with this problem by performing annotation display calculation only in the active window area, but when the window size is large or the whole internal scrolls like a Web browser Even if a recent high-performance PC is used, the movement becomes unnatural like frame advance.
- 30 or more rules may be defined and applied to one window. Since the number of image matching calculations performed on the frame image is one for each rule, the calculation time is proportional to the number of rules. In other words, if you try to use a practical rule set, you will easily reach a level that cannot easily catch up with real-time processing.
- the display control device of the present invention includes a detection unit that detects a change in the screen, and displays on the screen according to the change in the screen detected by the detection unit.
- a predetermined matching result information is generated based on the calculation result for the previous frame, and the predetermined matching result information is used as a part of the matching condition of the next frame, and is an area similar to the image template designated from the screen.
- a display control unit that executes one or both of regular update processes for overlaying icons at positions. And butterflies.
- the display control method of the present invention is a display control method executed by a display control device, wherein a detection step for detecting a change in the screen, and the screen according to the change in the screen detected by the detection step. Based on the calculation result for the previous frame displayed on the screen, a predetermined matching result information is generated, and the predetermined matching result information is used as a part of the matching condition of the next frame to be similar to the image template specified on the screen.
- a provisional update process in which icons are displayed in an overlay on the similar area, and as a matching condition wider than the predetermined matching result information, an area similar to the image template is searched, and the similar area is displayed.
- the display control program of the present invention is based on a detection step for detecting a change in the screen and a calculation result for the previous frame displayed on the screen according to the change in the screen detected by the detection step.
- the matching result information is generated, the predetermined matching result information is used as a part of the matching condition of the next frame, a region similar to the image template specified on the screen is searched, and an icon is overlaid on the similar region.
- Either a temporary update process to be displayed, or a regular update process to search for an area similar to the image template and overlay display an icon at a position corresponding to the similar area as a matching condition wider than the predetermined matching result information
- a display control step that performs one or both of them.
- the processing load can be reduced, the processing time can be shortened, and the screen can be updated quickly.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an overview of provisional update processing executed in the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the regular update process executed in the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram for explaining overlay display.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram for explaining overlay display.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram for explaining overlay display.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which an oversight in the provisional update occurs.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the flow of the screen change detection process in the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the flow of screen update processing in the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a union operation on a rectangle.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an intersection operation for a rectangle.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the flow of regular update processing in the display control apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the screen update process for executing the provisional update process and the regular update process in parallel with the actual screen update.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the flow of regular update processing in the display control apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the flow of provisional update processing in the display control apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the screen update process for executing the provisional update process and the regular update process executed in parallel in the display control apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example in which an oversight occurs due to differential update and an asynchronous configuration.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the flow of regular update processing in the display control apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the flow of provisional update processing in the display control apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a case where differential update works effectively.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the screen update process for executing the provisional update process and the regular update process executed in parallel in the display control apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example in which an oversight occurs due to differential update and an asynchronous configuration.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the flow of regular update processing in the display control apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining the flow of provisional update processing in the display control apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a target image.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a template image.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating pixel comparison processing.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of pseudo code of a program that executes pixel comparison processing.
- FIG. 25A is a diagram illustrating an example of a partial image to be falsely determined.
- FIG. 25B is a diagram illustrating an example of a partial image that should be falsely determined.
- FIG. 25C is a diagram illustrating an example of a partial image that should be falsely determined.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a target image.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a template image.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating pixel comparison processing.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of
- FIG. 25D is a diagram illustrating an example of a partial image to be falsely determined.
- FIG. 25E is a diagram illustrating an example of a partial image to be falsely determined.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of selection points in the bitmap matching process.
- FIG. 27A is a diagram illustrating an example of an alternative template.
- FIG. 27B is a diagram illustrating an example of an alternative template.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a computer that executes a display control program.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an overall configuration of a display control apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the display control device 10 includes an input unit 11, an output unit 12, a control unit 13, and a storage unit 14.
- the input unit 11 inputs a screen scroll instruction, an active window selection instruction, and the like, and includes a keyboard and a mouse.
- the output unit 12 displays a screen and includes a display and a speaker.
- the storage unit 14 stores data and programs necessary for various types of processing by the control unit 13, and has an annotation DB (Data Base) 14a that is particularly closely related to the present invention.
- the storage unit 14 is a semiconductor memory device such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a flash memory, or a storage device such as a hard disk or an optical disk.
- the annotation DB 14a stores, for example, a plurality of annotation rules created for each window that is a display target of annotation text.
- the control unit 13 has a program defining various processing procedures and an internal memory for storing necessary data, and executes various processings using these programs. However, the control unit 13 is particularly sensitive to the present invention. A unit 13a and a display control unit 13b.
- the detection unit 13a detects a change in the screen displayed on the output unit 12. Specifically, the detection unit 13a detects the progress of the screen change and the stop of the screen change.
- the display control unit 13b generates predetermined matching result information based on the calculation result for the previous frame displayed on the screen according to the change in the screen detected by the detecting unit 13a, and the predetermined matching result information is displayed.
- a search is made for an area similar to the image template specified on the screen, and an icon is overlaid on the similar area.
- a broad matching condition an area similar to the image template is searched, and one or both of regular update processes for overlaying icons at positions corresponding to the similar areas are executed.
- the display control unit 13b determines a predetermined area (for example, vertical based on the icon position) based on the position of the icon displayed on the screen according to the change in the screen detected by the detection unit 13a.
- a predetermined area for example, vertical based on the icon position
- a rectangular area swept in a horizontal direction or a horizontal direction search for an area similar to the specified image template from the screen, and display an icon overlay on the similar area
- search for an area similar to the specified image template from the screen and display an icon overlay on the similar area
- an area similar to the image template is searched, and an icon is displayed in an overlay at a position corresponding to the similar area.
- the display control unit 13b performs a temporary update when the detection unit 13a detects the progress of the screen change, and the display control unit 13b performs a regular update when the detection unit 13a detects the stop of the screen change. Execute.
- the display control unit 13b is a simple method of calculating with reference to the previous frame. Based on the position of the icon that has already been displayed, the display control unit 13b sweeps it vertically or horizontally. Generate a rectangle. Image template matching is calculated using this rectangular area as a search range. On the other hand, the display control unit 13b performs processing using the predetermined rectangular area of the frame as a search range without reference to other frames as usual in the regular update.
- the display control unit 13b performs provisional update while the screen change is in progress, and performs regular update when reaching a stationary state. Thereafter, until the next screen change starts, the update is not performed while the result is displayed. When the screen change starts again, the temporary update is started from the icon position at that time.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an overview of provisional update processing executed in the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the example of FIG. 2 conceptually imagines each function of the display control device 10.
- the process of performing image matching, the process of detecting a change on the screen, and the process of overlaying icons are executed in separate threads.
- functions 101 and 103 correspond to function blocks that detect changes on the screen
- functions 121 to 124 correspond to function blocks that perform image matching
- function 131 displays an icon as an overlay display. This corresponds to a functional block that performs processing.
- the process for detecting the change on the screen needs to be executed in a short cycle so that the change on the screen is generated even during the calculation of the image matching because the change on the screen occurs.
- the process of overlaying icons is a part that depends on the specifications of the GUI (Graphical User Interface) platform to be implemented. For example, in the case of a Java (registered trademark) language swing GUI, it is re-displayed to the window manager as in a repaint message. After requesting execution of drawing processing, display processing is performed in a thread on the manager side.
- GUI Graphic User Interface
- the function 101 acquires a captured image and outputs image data to the function 122.
- the captured image is received from the function 101, the change area (window frame rectangle) of the entire window frame of the capture image is extracted, and the rectangular coordinate values (x, y, w, h) as the change area are functioned. 121 is notified.
- the frame boundary of the active window currently being processed is used as the change area.
- the function 121 generates a strip-shaped sweep rectangle swept in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction based on the match position 140 acquired from the function 124, and searches the window frame rectangle obtained from the function 103 for intersection.
- the function 122 is notified as an area.
- the function 122 receives the template image and the search area from the function 121, further acquires a capture image of the search area at the time of execution from the function 101, and relates to the template image of the current rule by the search area when the data is prepared. Matching calculation is performed, and the matching result is notified to the function 123. Also, the function 124 registers the list of match position coordinates in a hash map using the target rule ID as a key.
- the function 131 receives the redrawing request event from the function 123, acquires the position coordinates of the icon to be actually displayed from the function 124, and performs overlay display. Note that the icon in the annotation is always positioned on the foreground of the desktop and is drawn on a transparent window that covers the whole. As a result, it is possible to display an overlay on the back window.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the regular update process executed in the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the example of FIG. 3 conceptually imagines each function of the display control device 10.
- the process of performing image matching, the process of detecting a change on the screen, and the process of overlaying icons are executed in separate threads.
- functions 101 and 102 correspond to function blocks that detect changes on the screen
- functions 111 to 114 correspond to function blocks that perform image matching
- function 131 displays an icon as an overlay display. This corresponds to a functional block that performs processing.
- the function 101 acquires a captured image and outputs the image data to the function 112.
- the captured image is received from the function 101, the change area (window frame rectangle) of the entire window frame of the capture image is extracted, and the rectangular coordinate values (x, y, w, h) as the change area are functioned. 111 is notified.
- the frame boundary of the active window currently being processed is used as the change area.
- the function 112 receives a template image and a search area from the function 111, further acquires a capture image of the search area at the time of execution from the function 101, and relates to the template image of the current rule by the search area when the data is prepared. Matching calculation is performed, and the matching result is notified to the function 113 and the function 131. Further, the function 114 registers the list of match position coordinates in the cache memory in the hash map using the target rule ID as a key. The function 114 is the same as the function 124 described above. That is, the function 114 and the function 124 cache the list of match position coordinates registered in the most recently executed provisional update process or regular update process.
- the function 131 receives an event of a redrawing request from the function 113, acquires the position coordinates of the icon to be actually displayed from the function 114, and performs overlay display.
- FIG. 4B shows an internal view of the scrolling panel.
- a dotted line is a rectangle of the view that exists logically and internally, and a one-dot chain line is a range that is visible on the scroll panel.
- FIG. 4C shows a simple definition of the annotation rule here.
- the title character string of the target window, the start path of the target process, and the template image (shown here as an image image) are specified.
- the same coordinate position as the image such as “A” is searched for the window of the title including the partial character string “untitled” of “notepad.exe”, and the icon is displayed there.
- An annotation rule definition is shown.
- the icon is displayed at the center of the rectangle when the template is overlaid at the matched position.
- FIG. 5 The area where there is a possibility of oversight on the image of the Web browser screen is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, when the screen of the Web browser at the start of scrolling is vertically scrolled, a region that is not included in the provisional match target region among the newly scrolled visible regions is a new icon appearance. It becomes an area where there is a possibility of overlooking, and the icon display is leaked.
- the scroll panel occupies most of the window, but the amount of calculation for image matching can be greatly reduced by narrowing the search range. Actually, this effect is reduced when there are a plurality of positions where icons exist and are widely distributed. Also, there is no effect on horizontal scrolling or screen changes other than scrolling.
- the annotation overlay display is important. This is because the annotations that follow while moving by scrolling make a great difference in usability.
- the search range is expanded to the full height of the window frame because it is necessary to take into account a significant movement of more than half the height of the window in the vertical direction.
- a method such as using a search range to which a margin having the same width and height as a template image is added is generally used, but this method is a variation in a broad sense. However, it is different in that it uses features of a change scene that frequently occurs on the screen of the PC and in which temporary update is important.
- the search range is narrowed before it becomes empty.
- the scroll direction is reversed between “A” 1011 and “A” 1012 without stopping the operation, even if “A” 1011 that has disappeared once after scrolling out is scrolled in again, the icon is not displayed. It is never displayed. However, the icon is displayed again if “A” 1011 is not at the position shown in the figure but at a position directly above 1012, that is, within a vertical sweep range.
- provisional update does not refer to a specific search range estimation method, but refers to the concept of transiently using update processing that lacks accuracy but is fast based on such estimation method. .
- what is sacrificed for accuracy is important, and it is important to allow a false negative that an icon is not displayed at a position where the icon should originally exist. In other words, a false positive that an icon is erroneously displayed at a position where no icon originally exists is not allowed.
- the provisional update is repeated, the icons that should not be displayed are not increased, and the icons that should be displayed are shifted in the direction of disappearing by mistake. Therefore, even if accuracy is sacrificed, all the icons disappear at the worst, and the load on the processing system does not increase.
- the configuration of the present invention is characterized in that even if the accuracy of the result is not guaranteed by the provisional update, the regular update is appropriately performed, and the icon that should originally exist can be determined and discovered strictly. However, since the regular update has a large amount of calculation, it is desirable to execute it after the operation is finished and the screen change is settled, not during the scrolling. In order to start and end the screen change by a program, a screen change detection procedure is executed as an internal process of the detection unit 13a.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the flow of the screen change detection process in the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the flow of screen update processing in the display control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the detection unit 13a of the display control apparatus 10 determines whether the program for executing the annotation has ended (step S101). As a result, when the program for executing the annotation is finished (Yes at Step S101), the screen change detection process is finished. If the program for executing the annotation has not ended (No at Step S101), the detection unit 13a captures the screen (Step S102) and takes a difference from the previous content (Step S103).
- the detection unit 13a compares the bit pattern between the screen capture and the previous content, and takes a difference bitmap. That is, the values are compared for each pixel, and “0” is stored if they are the same, and “1” is stored if they are different. If “1” appears even once during this process, there is a difference. Then, when “there is a difference”, the time is stored.
- the detection unit 13a determines whether or not the change state flag is currently “changed” (step S104). As a result, when the change state flag is currently “changed” (Yes at Step S104), the detection unit 13a determines whether “there is a difference” (Step S105). If the detection unit 13a determines that “there is a difference” (Yes in step S105), the process returns to step S101.
- the detection unit 13a determines whether the monitoring period has elapsed since the previous difference (Step S106). For example, the detection unit 13a calculates the difference between the previous “difference” time and the current time, and determines whether the monitoring period has elapsed.
- the monitoring period is a preset time, for example, 1000 msec for a short setting and 3000 msec for a long setting.
- step S106 when the detection unit 13a determines that the monitoring period has not elapsed since the previous “difference” (No in step S106), the process returns to step S101. On the other hand, when the detection unit 13a determines that the monitoring period has elapsed since the previous difference (Yes in step S106), the detection unit 13a notifies the display control unit 13b of “change end” as the screen state (step S107). Return to S101.
- step S104 when the detection unit 13a determines that the flag of the change state is not currently “changed” (No in step S104), the detection unit 13a determines whether “there is a difference” (step S108). . If the detection unit 13a determines that “there is a difference” (No at Step S108), the process returns to Step S101. If the detection unit 13a determines that “there is a difference” (Yes at Step S108), it notifies the display control unit 13b of “change start” as the screen state (Step S109), and returns to Step S101. .
- the display control unit 13b of the display control apparatus 10 determines whether the program for executing the annotation has been completed (step S201). As a result, when the program for executing the annotation is finished (Yes at Step S201), the screen update process is finished. If the program for executing the annotation has not ended (No at Step S201), the display control unit 13b acquires the screen change state (Step S202), and whether the screen change state is immediately after “change end”. It is determined whether or not (step S203).
- Step S204 determines whether there is an unevaluated rule. As a result, when it is determined that there is no unevaluated rule (No at Step S204), the display control unit 13b returns to Step S201.
- the display control unit 13b acquires a search rectangle (change area) (Step S205).
- the change area is a rectangular coordinate value consisting of x, y, w, and h.
- the frame boundary of the active window currently being processed is always used as the change area.
- step S206 the display control unit 13b performs image matching (step S206).
- image matching matching calculation related to the template image of the current rule is performed according to the search area.
- the list of match coordinates is overwritten in the match position cache in the hash map using the target rule ID as a key (step S207). Thereafter, the process returns to step S204, and the processes of steps S204 to S207 are repeated until there are no unevaluated rules.
- step S203 if the display control unit 13b determines that it is not immediately after “change end” (No in step S203), it determines whether the screen change state is “change start” or during change. (Step S208). As a result, when it is determined that the screen change state is “change start” or not changing (No in step S208), the process returns to step S201.
- Step S208 determines whether there is an unevaluated rule.
- Step S209 determines whether there is an unevaluated rule.
- the display control unit 13b determines that there is an unevaluated rule (Yes at Step S209), the display control unit 13b acquires a search rectangle (change area) (Step S210), and sweeps based on the previous match coordinates ( Step S211) and image matching are executed (Step S212). Specifically, the display control unit 13b generates a sweep rectangle based on the previous match coordinates, takes an intersection with the window frame rectangle, and executes image matching using this as a search area.
- step S213 the display control unit 13b overwrites the match coordinates in the match position cache (step S213). Thereafter, the process returns to step S209, and the processes of steps S209 to S213 are repeated until there are no unevaluated rules.
- the rectangular coordinate value indicates a value (x, y, w, h) obtained by combining the upper left coordinate (x, y) of the rectangle and the size (w, h) of the rectangle.
- An example of a union operation on a rectangle is shown in FIG. 8, and an example of an intersection operation is shown in FIG. 8 and 9, virtual rectangular coordinate values are defined in order to represent an empty range that does not occupy any area on the plane.
- (0,0, -1, -1) it is assumed that the empty range is expressed, and union and intersection operations are expanded to correspond to the operations of point sets included inside. Yes.
- the rectangular coordinate value of A is Ra (0,0, -1, -1) and the rectangular coordinate value of B is Rb (30,30,30,30 ),
- the rectangular coordinate value of C is Rc (30, 30, 30, 30).
- the rectangular coordinate value of A is Ra (0,0, -1, -1) and the rectangular coordinate value of B is Rb (30,30,30).
- the rectangular coordinate value of C is Rc (0, 0, -1, -1).
- the display control apparatus 10 detects a change in the screen, and in the vertical direction or based on the position of the icon displayed on the screen according to the detected change in the screen.
- Temporary update processing that generates a band-like rectangular area swept in the horizontal direction, searches for an area similar to a specified image template from the screen, and displays an icon overlay on the similar area.
- the processing load can be reduced, the processing time can be shortened, and the screen updating process can be performed quickly.
- the display control device 10 detects the progress of the screen change and the stop of the screen change. When the progress of the screen change is detected, the display control device 10 performs a temporary update process and detects the stop of the screen change. If so, regular update processing is executed.
- the display control apparatus 10 performs image interpretation on the moving image in real time using image template matching and the like, and the user can visually understand the interpretation contents by displaying the result in an overlay manner.
- Interpretation contents can be recognized integrally by updating and displaying the interpretation contents in synchronization with changes and movements of the contents.
- the first embodiment it is necessary to switch between the monitoring period for determining whether or not the screen change has ended and the update process according to the monitoring result.
- these elements are unnecessary. That is, in the first embodiment, as a method for determining whether or not the screen change has ended, for example, a method of observing whether or not there is no inter-frame difference in the stop determination is generally observed. Although it can be considered, setting the observation period too long or too short may impair the usability of the annotation.
- the optimal settings are not obvious, and depend on individual conditions such as user preferences and PC performance, user intentions for each operation scene, and behavior of the target GUI. Difficult.
- the drag position often stops for a moment. At such a moment, if the period is a little longer than the set observation period, regular updating is started against the user's original operation intention. Once regular update is started, the next processing cannot be performed until the calculation is completed. That is, even if the user intends to continue scrolling, if the drag position stop period is a little long, provisional update is not performed for the subsequent resumption of movement. Even though the GUI display is scrolling and moving, the icon remains left in the middle so that the annotation display is frozen, and the overlay display is not synchronized with the screen. .
- the overlay display suddenly appears at the scroll position on the screen, and the movement appears to be resumed. That is, in a series of scroll operations, the icon looks as if it was caught in the middle.
- the original concept of provisional update is based on the premise that even if a display disorder due to the provisional update of an icon occurs in the middle of scrolling, the disorder is eliminated by performing a regular update after the scroll is stopped.
- This second embodiment does not need to switch between the two update methods as in the first embodiment, so there is no problem of optimal setting of the observation period.
- the temporary update is calculated based on the result of the most recent frame, for example, a rule whose icon is no longer applied due to scrolling out of the icon can be excluded from the target of the subsequent temporary update.
- the provisional update in the description so far employs simple calculation assuming vertical or horizontal scrolling, but various extensions can be considered in practice.
- the search range can be further suppressed by adapting the direction and length of the sweep based on the movement direction and movement distance of several previous frames.
- the processing content of the display control unit 13b is different.
- the display control unit 13b executes the temporary update process and the regular update process in parallel.
- the display control unit 13b in the provisional update process, performs the next provisional update based on the position where the icon is displayed in the previous provisional update process that has been executed and the position where the icon is displayed in the regular update process. A predetermined area is generated in the process.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the flow of regular update processing in the display control apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- the provisional update process and the regular update process are performed in parallel, and the configuration shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is combined. It has become.
- the portion where the left and right block groups are connected is the match position transfer of the function 240.
- the left half of FIG. 10 corresponding to FIG. 3 passes the result to the right half of FIG. 10 corresponding to FIG. 2 instead of requesting the display function of the function 231 to perform processing.
- a characteristic point of the present invention is that, in addition to the 240 match position delivery in FIG. 10, the match position delivery 241 in FIG. 10 is performed. A difference in effect between when the match position delivery of 241 is performed and when it is not performed will be described.
- FIG. 11 shows changes on the time axis in the example of FIG. 4B. In the example of FIG. 11, the result calculated for rule 1 is output at time 10302 for the change detected at time 10301.
- the match position is passed to the provisional update process by 240 in FIG. 10, and the updates after time 10303 and time 10304 are performed and reflected in the final display.
- the search range for the provisionally updated image match is as shown by the two-dot chain line.
- the result of regular update is always referred to when there is no processing of 241.
- 240 is referred to only once after the result of normal update is obtained, and after it is fetched, the result of its own previous frame is passed by the match position delivery of 241. Only refer to.
- “A” 1013 scrolls in to the actual screen, but its presence cannot be found in the provisional update, and the narrow search range is still used as at time 10306.
- the regular update finds the existence of “A” 1013 at time 10307, immediately after that, the matching position is taken into the provisional update in the flow 240, and at time 10308, a search that surrounds both “A” 1012 and “A” 1013 A range is calculated.
- this search range is used for a while, but when “A” 1012 is scrolled out as described above, the search range is narrowed as at time 10309.
- the state where the regular update is “A” 1012 is captured and the image matching is calculated. This result is output at the time 10311 and taken into the provisional update.
- the search range does not change particularly after the time 10312.
- the reason why normal update calculation is not started immediately at time 10309 and is delayed until time 10310 is that regular update image matching calculation requires a long calculation time t1, and in this figure, the rule 1 (annotation display rule for “A”), and in fact, after calculation is also performed for rule 2 and rule 3, the order is changed to rule 1 at time 10307. It comes from the point that it is after a long time from.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the flow of regular update processing in the display control apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the flow of provisional update processing in the display control apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- the display control unit 13b of the display control apparatus 10 determines whether or not the program for executing the annotation has ended (step S301). As a result, when the program for executing the annotation is finished (Yes at Step S301), the regular update process is finished. Further, when the program for executing the annotation has not ended (No at Step S301), the display control unit 33b acquires the screen change state (Step S302) and determines whether the screen change state is “being changed”. Is determined (step S303). As a result, when the display control unit 13b determines that it is not “changing” (No at Step S303), the display control unit 13b returns to Step S301.
- Step S304 the display control unit 13b determines whether there is an unevaluated rule. As a result, when it is determined that there is no unevaluated rule (No at Step S304), the display control unit 13b returns to Step S301.
- the display control unit 13b acquires a search rectangle (change area) (Step S305).
- the change area is a rectangular coordinate value consisting of x, y, w, and h.
- the frame boundary of the active window currently being processed is always used as the change area.
- the display control unit 13b performs image matching (step S306).
- image matching matching calculation related to the template image of the current rule is performed according to the search area.
- the list of match coordinates is overwritten in the match position cache in the hash map using the target rule ID as a key (step S307). Thereafter, the process returns to step S304, and the processes of steps S304 to S307 are repeated until there are no unevaluated rules.
- the display control unit 13b of the display control apparatus 10 determines whether or not the program for executing the annotation has ended (step S401). As a result, when the program for executing the annotation is finished (Yes at Step S401), the provisional update process is finished. In addition, when the program that executes the annotation has not ended (No at Step S401), the display control unit 13b acquires the screen change state (Step S402) and determines whether the screen change state is “changing”. Is determined (step S403). As a result, when it is determined that the screen change state is not “changing” (No in step S403), the process returns to step S401.
- Step S404 determines whether there is an unevaluated rule.
- the display control unit 13b determines that there is no unevaluated rule (No at Step S404)
- the display control unit 13b returns to Step S401.
- the display control unit 13b determines that there is an unevaluated rule (Yes at Step S404)
- the display control unit 13b acquires a search rectangle (change area) (Step S405) and sweeps based on the previous match coordinates ( In step S406, image matching is executed (step S407). Specifically, the display control unit 13b generates a sweep rectangle based on the previous match coordinates, takes an intersection with the window frame rectangle, and executes image matching using this as a search area.
- step S408 the display control unit 13b overwrites the match coordinates in the match position cache (step S408). Thereafter, the process returns to step S404, and the processes of steps S404 to S408 are repeated until there are no unevaluated rules.
- the provisional update process and the regular update process are executed in parallel. It is possible to follow the icon display and realize a natural operation feeling for the user.
- the entire window frame is always subject to processing regardless of the size of the change area, which is the difference between the screen changes, but the present invention is not limited to this. Accordingly, unnecessary calculation may be omitted, and the same result may be obtained with a smaller calculation amount.
- the third embodiment only the change difference of the screen image is gradually updated in the configuration of FIG.
- description of the configuration and processing common to the first embodiment or the second embodiment will be omitted.
- the general processing configuration for updating the change difference is configured without the arrows indicated by the circles in FIG. 14, but in the third embodiment, the data indicated by the connection lines is exchanged.
- This is different from the conventional configuration.
- the regular update process is completed, the result is passed to the provisional update loop process, and the update area rectangular data based on the result is added to the provisional update area. ing.
- the result is transferred asynchronously, it is included in the processing target together with the change difference in the provisional update, so that there is a difference that the result is reliably reflected in the final display content.
- the processing content of the display control unit 13b is different. Similar to the second embodiment, the display control unit 13b executes the regular update process and the provisional update process in parallel, and uses the difference area of the inter-frame image displayed on the screen as a search area. And regular update processing is executed gradually. Specifically, the display control unit 13b extracts the difference area of the inter-frame image displayed on the screen in the regular update process, and uses the difference area as a search area, which is similar to the image template specified from the screen.
- An area is searched, an icon is displayed in an overlay on the similar area, a difference area is extracted in the provisional update process, and a difference area extracted in the regular update process is added to the extracted difference area.
- a difference area is searched as a search area, an area similar to the designated image template is searched from the screen, and an icon is displayed in an overlay on the similar area.
- the feature of the third embodiment is that the change area is managed for each of the regular update and the provisional update.
- the difference between FIG. 10 and FIG. 14 is that the function 302 and the function 303 respectively extract the difference between the previous and next frames and acquire the rectangle of the change area. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the image matching calculation for an area smaller than the entire window frame.
- the result reflected in the final display content differs depending on the execution timing of cooperation between threads. That is, in FIG. 14, the functional block groups 311 to 314 and the functional block groups 322 to 324 become further separate threads, but 322 to 324 while the image matching process 311 to 314 completes one cycle. In many cases, the image matching process is completed a plurality of cycles. Further, depending on the execution timing and the extreme area change of the change region for each frame, the execution speed may be reversed so that a plurality of cycles of the image matching processing of 322 to 324 are executed during one cycle of the image matching processing of 311 to 314. It can happen rarely.
- the update range for this is a rectangular area 10411 indicated by a one-dot chain line. With this rectangular area 10411 as a calculation target, regular update and provisional update are started simultaneously. The result of provisional update is obtained at 10403. This is because the search range of Rule 2 is narrowed down to the dotted rectangle 10431, and the calculation is completed early. On the other hand, since regular update spreads over a wide range like a rectangle 10421, it takes time to calculate. In the meantime, it is assumed that “c” is input (at the time of 10404).
- this method has the following problems.
- First, an example of a screen change as shown in FIG. 15 may be used, but the match position shifts little by little with respect to the time due to the change caused by scrolling.
- the match position between frames is not tracked and is handled as a separate match position for each frame. For this reason, it takes a long time for the provisional update, and when a plurality of regular update calculation results are accumulated, a large number of match positions are merged.
- the contents of the data transferred here are rectangular coordinate values (x, y, w, h) acquired as a change area from the function 302 when the function 312 starts image matching processing.
- the union operation is added to the rectangle of the change area held by the function 303 through 342 and added.
- the function 321 acquires a rectangular coordinate value as a change area from the function 303.
- This rectangle is an area accumulated in the function 303 as the inter-frame difference of the captured image of the function 301, and at the same time includes the area added through 342 between the previous calculation and the start of the current calculation. Yes.
- the function 321 extracts a match position that falls within the range from the match position cache of the provisional update based on the received rectangle of the update target range.
- match positions that fall within the range are extracted from the regular update match position cache.
- a rectangle including all the matching positions from the two is calculated, and after sweeping the rectangle in the vertical direction, a rectangle obtained by intersecting the rectangle to be updated is set as a search range for image matching. This process is performed for each rule.
- the functional blocks 301 to 303 in FIG. 14 and the block group 331 are also separate threads, but basically have the same behavior as described in FIGS.
- the feature is that the screen is continuously captured and the process of calculating the difference between frames is autonomously performed by a unique thread.
- regular update and provisional update are also executed in separate threads. There is a relatively large execution time difference between the regular update image match calculation and the provisional update due to the difference in the area of the search region (for example, about 5: 1 to 10: 1). Since the timings of the three threads that pass the change area are asynchronous, they are handled as follows.
- the change rectangle is calculated in a cycle sufficiently shorter than any update process, that is, in a cycle shorter than the temporary update.
- the change rectangle at each moment is updated by performing a union operation on the cumulative change rectangle up to that moment.
- the cumulative change rectangle returns its data value and is initialized to an empty rectangle when an acquisition operation is performed from each of the regular update process and the provisional update process. Since each acquisition operation is performed at different timings / intervals, two cumulative change rectangle objects are prepared.
- step S502 of FIG. 16 and step S602 of FIG. 17 the rectangle of the change area is acquired as the screen change state.
- the case where the match position (the size of the template image) is on the boundary for this rectangle is handled as follows.
- the match position of the previous frame is inside or outside, and if it is outside, it is temporarily excluded from the update target. That is, for the new match position (s) obtained by image matching, the match position (s) determined to be inside is replaced with the cache, and the match position determined to be outside is left as it is. It should be noted that all template images that intersect the rectangle are determined to be inside. In other words, for each rule, a new rectangle is calculated by expanding the change rectangle to the outside by the width and height of the template image, and all the match positions completely included in the rectangle are determined to be inside. This rectangle is called the update range.
- the search area needs to be a new rectangle obtained by expanding the rectangle of the change area outwardly with the width and height of the template image. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 17, in the provisional update process, the match position that enters the change rectangle is extracted from the previous result, the search range is determined therefrom (step S606), and image matching is performed (step S607).
- the update range and the search range are different for each rule, the update range and the search range of the same rule are the same. As a result, when the match position is on the rectangular boundary of the change area, it is guaranteed that the update is performed without excess or deficiency.
- (4) is a change in which the length of the scroll bar is updated when the width of the display content itself changes, which often occurs in a text editor. In addition, since the change is not noticed visually, it is difficult for the user to understand the reason for the annotation update. (5) is a change that occurs automatically at intervals that are difficult for the user to notice. (6) and (7) may be adopted not only for Web contents but also for intranet systems.
- the difference may not be kept small, and the effect may be halved.
- the instantaneous moments are handled as changes in a large region surrounding these multiple change points. End up.
- the mouse hover is performed, (2) the URL character string is displayed in the status bar, etc.
- a match position cache is provided for each window. Specifically, for example, a list is stored in a hash map using two keys, a window handle and a rule ID, as keys, and a plurality of match positions are held there.
- window switching occurs, the contents when the window was last displayed are referred to using the new window handle as a key.
- window movement the rectangular coordinates in the match position cache of the previous frame are forcibly shifted by the amount of movement.
- the amount of movement of the upper left corner of the window is processed in the same manner, and the match position that protrudes outside the window boundary is deleted.
- This is used as a match position cache for displaying first. This eliminates the delay from immediately after window switching to the first display, and intermittent intervals from immediately after window position movement or resizing until the display is greatly updated. Is held in screen coordinates, but if it is held in relative coordinates with the upper left corner of the window as the origin, the match position is not forcibly shifted, but relative Just change the screen coordinates of the coordinate origin). In this way, simple implementation corresponding to switching, moving, and resizing can be realized without introducing new elements and behaviors into the configuration of the present invention.
- the cache is simply used in the conventional general method, the presence / absence of the icon and the coordinate position may be incorrect.
- the configuration of the present invention it is ensured that the regular update is always executed at any time after the provisional update to reach the correct content.
- the presence / absence of the icon is inaccurate, but the positional relationship for a certain condition (in the case of the embodiment, the position when there is a vertical movement) is guaranteed to be accurate.
- the specific configuration and behavior for handling switching, moving, and resizing are the same as the configuration and behavior for problem solving during scrolling, so it is consistent for users. It can also be shown as an updated display.
- the method of the present invention has a high affinity when newly combining other speed-up methods.
- the logic of the temporary update assuming vertical scrolling is used, and there is a logic that uses a cache of the result when it was last active, and a cache of the result just before the move and resize.
- Various methods such as logic using parts can be combined.
- accuracy is providing a common foundation when a plurality of methods for improving high speed are used instead of compromising.
- the update process is started immediately without taking a monitoring period as compared to the first embodiment, so that the time delay can be reduced.
- the alternative template is not a template image specified in advance as a rule, but a rectangular region extracted by image matching during regular update processing.
- Such an alternative template is limitedly used as a working template image only during the display update process.
- Bitmap matching is not a comparison method that performs template matching on the basis of similarity such as ZNCC (Zero-means Normalized Cross-Correlation), but when images are strictly matched by simple bit value comparison. The match position is determined and extracted in a limited manner. For such bitmap matching, a method for greatly increasing the speed can be applied by excluding cases other than perfect matching.
- ZNCC Zero-means Normalized Cross-Correlation
- the configuration of the display control apparatus according to the fourth embodiment is the same as that of FIG. 1 described above, and is omitted, but the processing content of the display control unit 13b is different.
- the display control unit 13b generates an alternative template image based on the match position coordinates, which are the calculation results for the previous frame displayed on the screen, in accordance with the change in the screen detected by the detection unit 13a.
- As a comparison target bitmap search for an area that matches the substitute template image on the screen, and display the icon in the matching area in an overlay manner, and specify from the screen regardless of the substitute template image. A region similar to the image template is searched, and one or both of the regular update processing of overlaying icons at positions corresponding to the similar region is executed.
- the display control unit 13b executes the temporary update process and the regular update process in parallel.
- An alternative template image is generated in the next provisional update process based on the match position coordinates that are the calculation results for the previous frame.
- the display control unit 13b according to the fourth embodiment executes the regular update process and the provisional update process in parallel, as in the third embodiment.
- the predetermined area is generated based on the coordinate value set of the match position in the previous frame, but in the fourth embodiment, based on the match information in the previous frame. Generate an alternative template.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the screen update process for executing the provisional update process and the regular update process executed in parallel in the display control apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- the difference between FIG. 14 and FIG. 19 is that the information passed in 440 and 441 is the coordinate value set of the match position in the previous frame in the third embodiment, but according to the fourth embodiment. In the display control device, this information replaces the substitute template image.
- the display control unit 13b searches for an area in which the match rate indicating the degree of similarity with the designated image template is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold regardless of the substitute template image. To do. Then, the display control unit 13b generates an alternative template image in the next provisional update process based on the match position coordinates that are the calculation results for the previous frame in the regular update process. More specifically, a rectangular area with matching position coordinates, which is an area similar to the image template, is cut out, and the image of the cut out area itself is used as an alternative template image. Then, in the provisional update process, the display control unit 13b searches the area that matches the substitute template image on the screen using the substitute template image as a comparison target bitmap.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining the flow of provisional update processing in the display control apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- the display control unit 13b extracts match information that enters the change rectangle from the previous result, determines an alternative template (step S706), and performs image matching (step S707). . Thereafter, the match information is overwritten in the match information cache according to the result of the image matching (step S708). Thereafter, the process returns to step S704, and the processes of steps S704 to S708 are repeated until there are no unevaluated rules.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a target image.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a template image.
- the target image is an image having a vertical size of “M_height” and a horizontal size of “M_width”, and alphabets, numbers, symbols, and the like are displayed on the image.
- the template image is an image having a vertical size of “N_height” and a horizontal size of “N_width”, and an alphabet “j” character is displayed.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating pixel comparison processing.
- FIG. 24 illustrates an example of pseudo code of a program that executes pixel comparison processing.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of pseudo code of a program that executes pixel comparison processing.
- Pm and Pn referred to in the if statement condition part on the 0006th line in FIG. 24 are arrays for storing pixel values. If the result of comparison is that they do not match, the control statement i_n, j_n is rewritten by the if statement execution unit on the 0007th to 0009th lines so as to go outside the loop on the 0004th line.
- the Boolean variable is referenced on the 0013th line, and if the match determination on the 0006th line is true for all Pn, the corresponding i_m and j_m are output as match positions to be extracted in the bitmap matching process. .
- the display control unit 13b determines a predetermined comparison reference position on the screen, and sequentially compares the comparison target pixel at the comparison reference position with the selected comparison pixel among the pixels on the bitmap of the predetermined alternative template image. To do. That is, the comparison by the representative point is performed. As a result, when even one pixel value does not match, the display control unit 13b moves to the next comparison reference position on the screen and further repeats the comparison by the representative point. When all the pixel values match in the comparison by the representative point, all the pixels on the bitmap of the alternative template image are compared in an arbitrary order.
- the display control unit 13b moves to the next comparison reference position on the screen for further comparison if even one pixel value does not match. If it is determined that all the comparisons match, the icon is overlaid with the comparison reference position on the screen as the match position.
- a comparison by representative points is performed immediately before the 0004th line in FIG.
- a preferred number of representative points is selected in advance in a preferred order.
- the round-robin comparison after the 0004th row is executed in the same manner as described above. If even one mismatch is found in the comparison by the representative point, the for statement on the 0002th line is continued at that time.
- the number of comparisons can be suppressed even when the target image does not have much margin as shown in FIG. 21 and is filled with characters. For example, if the letter “i” in FIG.
- the if statement is not executed, but if the point is compared as the first representative point, the number of comparisons when viewed in the entire target image Pm will be slightly more than M times.
- the screen may change dynamically, such as the caret blinking.
- the caret enters the template range by regular update, it can be extracted as a match location by appropriately adjusting the similarity threshold.
- the regular update process and the provisional update process shown in FIG. 19 are executed in a display state where the caret is not initially displayed.
- an image that does not include a caret that is, an alternative template illustrated in FIG. 27A that has the same pattern as the original template image is cached.
- bitmap matching is performed using an alternative template.
- the substitute template illustrated in FIG. 27A having the same result, that is, the same pattern as the original template image is passed to the function 424 and cached.
- the icon disappears for a moment because the alternative template illustrated in FIG. 27A does not match the captured image.
- the match position extraction succeeds due to the effect that the similarity threshold is set low, and the substitute template illustrated in FIG. 27B is cached by the function 414.
- the substitute template in FIG. 27A from function 441 is passed to the function 421 from the substitute template in FIG. 27A and FIG. 27B from function 440, so that bitmap matching is performed for two sets, this time extracting the match position And the icon starts to appear again.
- the two alternative templates are simultaneously applied to the corresponding match portion, so that the icon continues to be displayed without disappearing momentarily in the provisional update.
- the alternative template mechanism absorbs differences at the bit pattern level due to anti-aliasing, which has been actively used in recent years due to improvements in graphic performance and display resolution, and its derived technology ClearType (clear type). There is also an effect.
- a technical element that generates a difference at the bit pattern level for example, it is also effective for a difference in a rendering engine of a web browser, a font, a difference in color gradation in an environment setting such as a remote desktop or a virtual machine, etc. .
- These differences are relatively likely to be encountered in practical situations and are important components in avoiding the weaknesses of bitmap matching.
- bitmap matching it is possible to dynamically switch from bitmap matching to normal image template matching depending on the number of the above alternative templates held simultaneously and the actual contribution degree of the representative points of the bit comparison.
- bitmap matching is a brute force trial in principle when the number of pixels of the target image (screen capture image) is M and the number of pixels of the template image is N, M ⁇ N bits are used. It may be necessary to compare values.
- the two bitmaps are simply compared in order from the upper left.
- the sixth pixel from the upper left of the template image “j” is black.
- the regularity when enumerating pixels is ignored and the mutual positional relationship may be random, it is conceivable to enumerate pixel positions that best represent the features of the template image in advance according to the pattern.
- the regularity of enumeration is a viewpoint that, for example, it is continuous in the X direction or the Y direction, or is adjacent to the surrounding 4 directions or 8 directions.
- an actual screen capture image includes an icon, a photograph, and the like, so there are more pixel values than two colors of only the background color and the character color.
- a pixel having a characteristic color for example, a pixel having a color that is used only in the icon is selected as a representative point, only a comparison with one point in the template image is required. It is possible to greatly reduce the number of comparisons.
- the selection and order of comparison points should be optimized so that pixels with different values are encountered with as few bit value comparisons as possible in cases that should be judged as false. Is important.
- the above-described device does not always provide the expected high effect. .
- technical correspondence of selection and ordering of comparison points is expected to be possible, a separate verification evaluation is required.
- bitmap matching allows “false negatives” and speeds up by compromising accuracy.
- bitmap matching allows “false negatives” and speeds up by compromising accuracy.
- the search range is a rectangular area swept in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
- the vertical direction may be fixedly specified according to the application to be applied.
- the horizontal direction may be fixed.
- horizontal / vertical may be dynamically switched according to the content of the displayed object. This requires a configuration in which the match position coordinates are held for a plurality of generations together with the match calculation time as match result information.
- the display control unit 13b executes a temporary update process and a regular update process.
- the regular update process the matching result is based on the calculation result for the previous frame. Information is generated and the matching result information is accumulated in the cache for a plurality of generations.
- the temporary update process predetermined matching result information is generated based on the calculation result for the previous frame, and the predetermined matching result information is accumulated in the cache for a plurality of generations.
- the provisional update process refers to one or both of the regular update process cache and the provisional update process cache based on the time stamp of the matching result information. A matching condition for the next frame may be generated.
- the image matching is calculated twice for both the horizontal and vertical sweep rectangular areas, assuming that the direction is not fixed. If more generations are accumulating, if there is no direction reversal within the last few seconds, the sweep is limited to four directions (east, west, north, south) limited to that direction. In addition, it is assumed that the amount of movement is small up to about 4 generations, and is limited to a short rectangle with a length of about 100 pixels. If more generations are accumulated, the average moving distance other than the last few seconds Based on length. Further, when the moving distance is increasing, a length twice as large as the reference is secured, and when the moving distance is decreasing, the length is limited to 0.8 times as long as the reference.
- continuous display update is interrupted and there is no movement within the last several tens of seconds, the next update will reset the direction and distance to default values.
- continuous display update is performed, if there is no movement within the last several tens of seconds, only the similarity is checked by image matching without searching within the minimum rectangle surrounding the point of the match position, Reflect only when the pattern disappears.
- the dynamic control method can be changed by appropriately changing the initial values and control amounts of the parameters listed in the example, and other control methods can be added or combined to invalidate some control methods. Can be implemented.
- each category consisting of the original rule type, target application name, target window class name, target process handle, target window handle, etc. It is possible to dynamically apply feedback such as the tendency in the same type of rules, the tendency for each application type in that rule, and the tendency for each application instance in it. It is done.
- This matching result information may be stored on the PC displaying the screen across the period of starting and ending the annotation system. Alternatively, the matching result information may be classified for each piece of information for specifying a PC that has started up or for specifying a user, and stored in a communicable server.
- each component of each illustrated apparatus is functionally conceptual, and does not necessarily need to be physically configured as illustrated.
- the specific form of distribution / integration of each device is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or a part thereof may be functionally or physically distributed or arbitrarily distributed in arbitrary units according to various loads or usage conditions. Can be integrated and configured.
- all or any part of each processing function performed in each device may be realized by a CPU and a program analyzed and executed by the CPU, or may be realized as hardware by wired logic.
- the detection unit 13a and the display control unit 13b may be integrated.
- program It is also possible to create a program in which the processing executed by the display control apparatus 10 according to the above embodiment is described in a language that can be executed by a computer. In this case, the same effect as the above-described embodiment can be obtained by the computer executing the program. Further, such a program may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium may be read into the computer and executed to execute the same processing as in the above embodiment. Below, an example of the computer which performs the display control program which implement
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a computer that executes a display control program.
- the computer 1000 includes, for example, a memory 1010, a CPU 1020, a hard disk drive interface 1030, a disk drive interface 1040, a serial port interface 1050, a video adapter 1060, and a network interface 1070. These units are connected by a bus 1080.
- the memory 1010 includes a ROM (Read Only Memory) 1011 and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 1012.
- the ROM 1011 stores a boot program such as BIOS (Basic Input Output System).
- BIOS Basic Input Output System
- the hard disk drive interface 1030 is connected to the hard disk drive 1090.
- the disk drive interface 1040 is connected to the disk drive 1041.
- a removable storage medium such as a magnetic disk or an optical disk is inserted into the disk drive 1041.
- a mouse 1110 and a keyboard 1120 are connected to the serial port interface 1050.
- a display 1130 is connected to the video adapter 1060.
- the hard disk drive 1090 stores, for example, an OS 1091, an application program 1092, a program module 1093, and program data 1094.
- Each table described in the above embodiment is stored in, for example, the hard disk drive 1090 or the memory 1010.
- the display control program is stored in the hard disk drive 1090 as a program module in which a command executed by the computer 1000 is described, for example.
- a program module describing each process executed by the display control apparatus 10 described in the above embodiment is stored in the hard disk drive 1090.
- data used for information processing by the display control program is stored as program data in, for example, the hard disk drive 1090.
- the CPU 1020 reads out the program module 1093 and the program data 1094 stored in the hard disk drive 1090 to the RAM 1012 as necessary, and executes the above-described procedures.
- the program module 1093 and the program data 1094 related to the display control program are not limited to being stored in the hard disk drive 1090.
- the program module 1093 and the program data 1094 are stored in a removable storage medium and read by the CPU 1020 via the disk drive 1041 or the like. May be issued.
- the program module 1093 and the program data 1094 related to the display control program are stored in another computer connected via a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network) or a WAN (Wide Area Network), and are transmitted via the network interface 1070. May be read by the CPU 1020.
- a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network) or a WAN (Wide Area Network
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Abstract
Description
以下の実施の形態では、第一の実施の形態に係る表示制御装置の構成および処理の流れを順に説明し、最後に第一の実施の形態による効果を説明する。なお、以下の説明では、アノテーションを適用例とした表示制御について説明するが、アノテーションに限定されるものではない。
まず、図1を用いて、第一の実施の形態に係る表示制御装置10について説明する。図1は、第一の実施の形態に係る表示制御装置10の全体構成を示す概略構成図である。図1に示すように、表示制御装置10は、入力部11、出力部12、制御部13および記憶部14を有する。
次に、図6および図7を用いて、第一の実施の形態に係る表示制御装置10の処理について説明する。図6は、第一の実施の形態に係る表示制御装置における画面変化検知処理の流れを説明する図である。図7は、第一の実施の形態に係る表示制御装置における画面更新処理の流れを説明する図である。
このように、第一の実施の形態に係る表示制御装置10は、画面の変化を検知し、検知された画面の変化に応じて、画面に表示されているアイコンの位置を基に垂直方向または水平方向にスウィープした帯状の矩形領域を生成し、該矩形領域を探索範囲として、画面上から指定された画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、該類似した領域にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する暫定更新処理、および、暫定更新処理の探索範囲よりも広い領域を探索範囲として、画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、類似した領域に対応する位置にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する正規更新処理のいずれか一つまたは両方を実行する。これにより、処理負荷を低減して処理時間を短くし、迅速に画面の更新処理を行うことが可能である。
上記した第一の実施の形態では、画面の変化の進行が検知された場合には、暫定更新を実行し、画面の変化の停止が検知された場合には、正規更新を実行する場合を説明したが、これに限定されるものではなく、正規更新と暫定更新を並行して実行してもよい。以下では、第二の実施の形態として、正規更新と暫定更新を並行して実行する場合について説明する。なお、第一の実施の形態と共通する構成・処理については説明を省略する。
第二の実施の形態では、画面変化の差分である変化領域の大きさに関係なく、常にウィンドウ枠全体を処理対象としていたがこれに限定されるものではなく、変化領域の位置や大きさに応じて、無駄な計算を省き、同じ結果をより少ない計算量で得るようにしてもよい。
上述の第一の実施の形態~第三の実施の形態では、画面に表示されているアイコンの位置を基に所定の領域を生成し、該領域を用いて暫定更新を行う方法を説明したが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、正規更新処理による前フレームに対する計算結果であるマッチ位置座標を基に代替テンプレートを生成し、暫定更新処理において該代替テンプレート用いたビットマップマッチングを行うようにしてもよい。
また、上記した第一の実施の形態の説明において、探索範囲を水平方向もしくは垂直方向にスウィープした矩形領域にする例を説明している。この点について、例えば、適用対象のアプリケーションに応じて、Webブラウザ上での垂直スクロールを中心としたアプリケーションであれば、垂直方向を固定的に指定するようにしてもよい。また、データベース検索結果を表示する横方向のテーブルビューを中心としたアプリケーションであれば、水平方向を固定的にするようにしてもよい。
また、図示した各装置の各構成要素は機能概念的なものであり、必ずしも物理的に図示の如く構成されていることを要しない。すなわち、各装置の分散・統合の具体的形態は図示のものに限られず、その全部または一部を、各種の負荷や使用状況などに応じて、任意の単位で機能的または物理的に分散・統合して構成することができる。さらに、各装置にて行なわれる各処理機能は、その全部または任意の一部が、CPUおよび当該CPUにて解析実行されるプログラムにて実現され、あるいは、ワイヤードロジックによるハードウェアとして実現され得る。例えば、検知部13aと表示制御部13bとを統合してもよい。
また、上記実施の形態に係る表示制御装置10が実行する処理をコンピュータが実行可能な言語で記述したプログラムを作成することもできる。この場合、コンピュータがプログラムを実行することにより、上記実施の形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。さらに、かかるプログラムをコンピュータで読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録して、この記録媒体に記録されたプログラムをコンピュータに読み込ませて実行することにより上記実施の形態と同様の処理を実現してもよい。以下に、表示制御装置10と同様の機能を実現する表示制御プログラムを実行するコンピュータの一例を説明する。
11 入力部
12 出力部
13 制御部
13a 検知部
13b 表示制御部
14 記憶部
14a アノテーションDB
Claims (14)
- 画面の変化を検知する検知部と、
前記検知部によって検知された画面の変化に応じて、前記画面に表示されていた前フレームに対する計算結果を基に所定のマッチング結果情報を生成し、該所定のマッチング結果情報を次のフレームのマッチング条件の一部として、画面上から指定された画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、該類似した領域にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する暫定更新処理、および、前記所定のマッチング結果情報よりも広いマッチング条件として、前記画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、類似した領域に対応する位置にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する正規更新処理のいずれか一つまたは両方を実行する表示制御部と
を備えることを特徴とする表示制御装置。 - 前記表示制御部は、前記検知部によって検知された画面の変化に応じて、前記画面に表示されているアイコンの位置を基に所定の領域を生成し、該所定の領域を探索範囲として、画面上から指定された画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、該類似した領域にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する暫定更新処理、および、前記所定の領域よりも広い領域を探索範囲として、前記画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、類似した領域に対応する位置にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する正規更新処理のいずれか一つまたは両方を実行することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示制御装置。
- 前記表示制御部は、前記検知部によって検知された画面の変化に応じて、前記画面に表示されていた前フレームに対する計算結果であるマッチ位置座標を基に所定の代替テンプレート画像を生成し、該所定の代替テンプレート画像を比較対象のビットマップとして、画面上から前記所定の代替テンプレート画像と一致する領域を探索し、該一致した領域にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する暫定更新処理、および、前記所定の代替テンプレート画像に関係なく、画面上から指定された画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、類似した領域に対応する位置にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する正規更新処理のいずれか一つまたは両方を実行することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示制御装置。
- 前記検知部は、画面の変化の進行および画面の変化の停止を検知し、
前記表示制御部は、前記検知部によって前記画面の変化の進行が検知された場合には、前記暫定更新処理を実行し、前記検知部によって前記画面の変化の停止が検知された場合には、前記正規更新処理を実行することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示制御装置。 - 前記表示制御部は、前記検知部によって検知された画面の変化が検知されると、前記暫定更新処理および前記正規更新処理を並行して実行し、
前記暫定更新処理では、実行済みである前回の暫定更新処理において前記アイコンが表示される位置と、前記正規更新処理において前フレームに対する計算結果とを基に、次回の暫定更新処理において前記マッチング結果情報を生成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示制御装置。 - 前記表示制御部は、前記検知部によって検知された画面の変化が検知されると、前記暫定更新処理および前記正規更新処理を並行して実行し、
前記暫定更新処理では、実行済みである前回の暫定更新処理において前記アイコンが表示される位置と、前記正規更新処理においてアイコンが表示された位置とを基に、次回の暫定更新処理において前記所定の領域を生成することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の表示制御装置。 - 前記表示制御部は、前記検知部によって検知された画面の変化が検知されると、前記暫定更新処理および前記正規更新処理を並行して実行し、
前記暫定更新処理では、前記正規更新処理において前フレームに対する計算結果であるマッチ位置座標を基に、次回の暫定更新処理において前記所定の代替テンプレート画像を生成することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の表示制御装置。 - 前記表示制御部は、前記正規更新処理において、前記画面に表示されるフレーム間画像の差分領域を抽出し、該差分領域を探索領域として、前記画面上から指定された画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、該類似した領域にアイコンをオーバレイ表示し、前記暫定更新処理において、前記差分領域を抽出するとともに、該抽出した差分領域に前記正規更新処理において抽出された差分領域を追加し、該追加した差分領域を探索領域として、前記画面上から指定された画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、該類似した領域にアイコンをオーバレイ表示することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示制御装置。
- 前記表示制御部は、前記画面上において所定の比較基準位置を決定し、該比較基準位置における比較対象ピクセルと、前記所定の代替テンプレート画像のビットマップ上のピクセルのうち代表点として選択された比較ピクセルとを順に比較し、1つでもピクセル値が一致しない場合には、前記画面上の次の比較基準位置に移動してさらに比較を繰り返し、代表点として選択された全てのピクセル値が一致する場合には、前記代替テンプレート画像のビットマップ上の全てのピクセルを任意の順に比較し、ビットマップ上の全てのピクセルを任意の順に比較した結果、1つでもピクセル値が一致しない場合には、前記画面上の次の比較基準位置に移動してさらに比較を繰り返し、全ての比較において一致すると判定された場合には、前記画面上の比較基準位置をマッチ位置に前記アイコンをオーバレイ表示することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の表示制御装置。
- 前記表示制御部は、前記検知部によって検知された画面の変化が検知されると、前記暫定更新処理および前記正規更新処理を実行し、
前記正規更新処理では、前フレームに対する計算結果を基に所定のマッチング結果情報を生成し、該所定のマッチング結果情報をキャッシュに複数世代にわたって蓄積し、
前記暫定更新処理では、前フレームに対する計算結果を基に所定のマッチング結果情報を生成し、該所定のマッチング結果情報をキャッシュに複数世代にわたって蓄積し、
前記暫定更新処理では、前記正規更新処理の前記キャッシュ、および、前記暫定更新処理の前記キャッシュのいずれか一つまたは両方に対して、マッチング結果情報のタイムスタンプをもとに参照することで、前記暫定更新処理での次のフレームのマッチング条件を生成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示制御装置。 - 前記正規更新処理の前記キャッシュ、および、前記暫定更新処理の前記キャッシュにおいて、起動の期間と終了の期間とをまたがって、前記画面を表示する情報処理装置に前記マッチング結果情報を記憶させることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の表示制御装置。
- 前記正規更新処理の前記キャッシュ、および、前記暫定更新処理の前記キャッシュにおいて、起動した情報処理装置を特定する情報またはユーザを特定する情報ごとに分類するとともに、通信可能なサーバに前記マッチング結果情報を記憶させることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の表示制御装置。
- 表示制御装置で実行される表示制御方法であって、
画面の変化を検知する検知工程と、
前記検知工程によって検知された画面の変化に応じて、前記画面に表示されていた前フレームに対する計算結果を基に所定のマッチング結果情報を生成し、該所定のマッチング結果情報を次のフレームのマッチング条件の一部として、画面上から指定された画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、該類似した領域にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する暫定更新処理、および、前記所定のマッチング結果情報よりも広いマッチング条件として、前記画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、類似した領域に対応する位置にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する正規更新処理のいずれか一つまたは両方を実行する表示制御工程と
を含んだことを特徴とする表示制御方法。 - 画面の変化を検知する検知ステップと、
前記検知ステップによって検知された画面の変化に応じて、前記画面に表示されていた前フレームに対する計算結果を基に所定のマッチング結果情報を生成し、該所定のマッチング結果情報を次のフレームのマッチング条件の一部として、画面上から指定された画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、該類似した領域にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する暫定更新処理、および、前記所定のマッチング結果情報よりも広いマッチング条件として、前記画像テンプレートと類似した領域を探索し、類似した領域に対応する位置にアイコンをオーバレイ表示する正規更新処理のいずれか一つまたは両方を実行する表示制御ステップと
をコンピュータに実行させるための表示制御プログラム。
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US20170287444A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
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US10147400B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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