WO2016037505A1 - 测量钻井相对距离的旋转磁场测距仪及其测量方法 - Google Patents
测量钻井相对距离的旋转磁场测距仪及其测量方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016037505A1 WO2016037505A1 PCT/CN2015/081310 CN2015081310W WO2016037505A1 WO 2016037505 A1 WO2016037505 A1 WO 2016037505A1 CN 2015081310 W CN2015081310 W CN 2015081310W WO 2016037505 A1 WO2016037505 A1 WO 2016037505A1
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- magnetic field
- axis
- well
- drill collar
- distance
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010796 Steam-assisted gravity drainage Methods 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/26—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
- E21B47/092—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes by detecting magnetic anomalies
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
- E21B47/0228—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using electromagnetic energy or detectors therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
Definitions
- the present application relates to a magnetic field range finder and a measuring method thereof, and in particular to a rotating magnetic field distance measuring instrument for measuring a relative distance of a drilling well and a measuring method thereof.
- MWD Measure While Drilling
- wells with various 3D trajectories such as directional wells and horizontal wells can be implemented.
- the accumulation error of MWD will increase with the depth of the well, and only MWD can not provide accurate relative spacing for trajectory control.
- the magnetic field signal source includes a magnetic field that has been magnetized by the casing, a magnetic field generated by the solenoid in the well, and a magnetic field of the permanent magnet. Due to the cubic attenuation of the magnetic field with distance, the magnetic field sensitive distance of the magnetized casing is too close, and the permanent magnet is farther than the sensitive distance of the solenoid. Therefore, the permanent magnet is the most practical and the most widely used.
- US5258755 uses a permanent magnet with a NS pole perpendicular to the bit shaft plus a solenoid with a NS pole parallel to the bit shaft, but in practice this solenoid is difficult to energize and can only be replaced with a permanent solenoid.
- magnetic steel The solenoid in US 5,258,755 is connected to a varying current to produce an alternating magnetic field. The magnetic field of the permanent magnet is constant.
- CN101799558B proposes the use of two inductive magnetometers to form a three-dimensional component of the magnetic field that simultaneously measures the two positions of the space.
- An inductive magnetometer measures the rotating magnetic field generated by the rotating magnet.
- Another inductive magnetometer measures the Earth's magnetic field along with the accelerometer to establish the Earth's gravity and Earth's magnetic field coordinate system.
- the method is not accurate.
- the US 5,589,775 patent proposes a magnetic field distribution calculation of the dipole, but the magnetic field distribution of the dipole is disturbed by the magnetic material of the drill bit and the screw and the target well, which affects the accuracy of the calculation pitch.
- U.S. Patent 5,548,089 teaches the use of a movable helical tube to generate a magnetic field in a well.
- CN101852078B proposes that a magnetic field has been generated by drilling, and a magnetic field is generated by two spiral tubes, which is measured by a fluxgate of MWD, but the magnetic fluxgate of the MWD is far away from the drill bit, and the measured data is also small, and affects the normal working task of the MWD.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a rotating magnetic field distance measuring instrument for measuring the relative distance of a drilling well and a measuring method thereof, and accurately measuring the relative position of the drill bit and the target point.
- a rotating magnetic field finder for measuring the relative distance of a drilling well comprising a permanent magnetic steel drill collar, a downhole detector and a ground interface box, wherein
- the permanent magnet steel drill collar comprises a permanent magnet steel drill collar body and a plurality of permanent magnets fixed inside the permanent magnet steel drill collar body, the permanent magnet steel drill collar being fixed at the rear of the drill bit to become a rotating magnetic field short section Rotating with the drill bit to generate a rotating magnetic field to provide a source of magnetic field signals;
- the downhole detector comprises two three-axis fluxgates and three accelerometers.
- the distance between the two three-axis fluxgates is fixed, and the magnetic fields at two positions of the rotating magnetic field are measured.
- the accelerometer and the fluxgate Establishing a coordinate system for the fluxgate in the Earth's gravitational field and the Earth's magnetic field;
- the ground interface box is used to process the obtained data and supply power to the downhole detector, and the data connection and power connection are made between the downhole detector and the ground interface box by having a cable.
- the permanent magnetic steel drill collar is an obliquely mounted permanent magnetic steel drill collar or a permanent magnetic steel drill collar installed vertically and in parallel.
- the obliquely mounted permanent magnetic steel drill collar is installed obliquely in such a manner that all permanent magnetic steels are arranged such that the NS pole is at a certain angle with respect to the vertical direction of the longitudinal axis.
- the vertically and parallelly assembled permanent magnet drill collars are partially permanent magnets arranged such that NS is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and the other portion of the permanent magnets is arranged parallel to the NS pole and the longitudinal axis.
- the downhole detector comprises two sensor compartments, a CPU compartment and a power compartment, wherein the two sensor compartments are separated by a distance, each sensor compartment consists of three mutually perpendicular gravitational accelerometers and a high precision triaxial
- the fluxgate sensor is composed of three accelerometers for determining the well angle and the high side of the gravity of the downhole detector, establishing a coordinate system for the fluxgate, and measuring the rotating magnetic field by the three-axis fluxgate sensor at the center of the fluxgate sensor The components on the three axes; the power compartment takes power from the cable and transmits the data over the cable; the CPU compartment collects the sensor compartment voltage and transmits the voltage data of the two sensor compartments collected to the power compartment.
- the cable is a single core steel cable.
- the invention also discloses a method for measuring the relative distance of a drilling line by using the above-mentioned rotating magnetic field range finder, which is characterized in that:
- the time waveform of the time waveform and the depth measured by the fluxgate are used to construct 3D images of six magnetic field components of RMtop1, RMside1, RMforth1, RMtop2, RMside2, RMforth2 and the corner and depth of the drill bit, and three magnetic field components at each fluxgate position are constructed.
- the value of the drill angle and depth corresponding to the value line, combined with the derived drill angle, the depth of the drill bit and the distance between the drill bit and the drilled hole, and the respective magnetic field components of each fluxgate position, are calculated by the calibration file and each The relationship between the components, the distance and direction of the drill bit relative to the well drilled;
- RMforth is the direction of the rotation axis of the permanent magnet drill collar
- RMtop direction is the direction of the RMforth axis to the observation point
- RMside direction is determined according to the right-hand rule
- the calibration file refers to a correlation coefficient file that is calibrated with the deformed magnetic field distribution according to the application condition, and is used to fit the features of the 3D image with the requested spacing and direction.
- ⁇ is the permeability of the medium in which the permanent magnetic steel drill collar is located
- M is the magnetic moment vector
- ⁇ is the rotation angle of the permanent magnetic steel drill collar
- h is the distance from the observation point to the RMforth axis
- s is the observation point on the RMforth axis. Corresponding location.
- the redundant data increases the confidence that, in addition to the high corners of the pitch and pitch, the angle of the bit axis to the axis of the well can be measured.
- the two three-axis fluxgates can be used to obtain redundant calculation results, and the calculation results are calibrated in real time using the known spacing of the two three-axis fluxgates. To improve the credibility and accuracy of the data.
- the rotating magnetic field range finder of the present invention comprises a permanent magnetic steel drill collar, a downhole detector, and a ground interface box.
- the permanent magnet steel drill collar is used as the signal source, and the downhole detector is used as the signal detection end.
- the calculation method of measuring the distance and direction of the drill bit to the drilled well uses the signal detected by the downhole detector to calculate the distance and direction of the drill bit from the drilled well.
- the invention measures the distance measurement of the drill bit relative to another well, and the permanent magnetic steel short drill collar used is arranged by a plurality of permanent magnets.
- All permanent magnets are arranged such that NS is mounted at an angle that is perpendicular to the vertical direction of the axis, one portion being arranged such that NS is perpendicular to the axis and the other portion is arranged parallel to the NS pole and the axis. Both of these methods make the characteristics of the rotating magnetic field more obvious and are most beneficial for measurement.
- the distance of 5 meters only requires a depth displacement of 2 meters, or the depth displacement of 10 meters can achieve a measurement range of 25 meters, that is, parallel wells with a spacing of 25 meters can be made, which can shorten the depth of the drill bit.
- Displacement requirements For vertical butt wells and horizontal butt wells, the volume of the magnetic steel is maximized, so that the amplitude of the magnetic field corresponding to the offset per meter is larger, and the sensitive distance is increased.
- the downhole detector of the present invention consists of two three-axis fluxgates that measure two positions of the rotating magnetic field.
- the calculated results of the two three-axis fluxgates are used to calibrate the results in real time to improve the reliability and accuracy of the data.
- the spacing and spacing of the high corners have redundant data and the angle of the bit axis to the axis of the well can be measured.
- the invention establishes a rotating magnetic field coordinate system between the bit axis and the fluxgate of the downhole detector, in which the rotating magnetic field is defined in the two fluxgate positions RMtop1, RMside1, RMforth1, RMtop2, RMside2, RMforth2
- the magnetic field components are derived and the function of each component as a function of the drill angle, the drill depth and the distance the drill bit has been drilled.
- a 3D image of each magnetic field component and the corner and depth of the drill bit is constructed, and the peak and peak valleys of the image and the contour values of the drill bit and the contour corresponding to the contour are read.
- the calibration file calculates the distance between the drill bit and the drilled hole. direction.
- the present invention provides calibration and verification methods for solving and verifying the characteristics of the 3D image of each magnetic field component and the calibration factor of the pitch and direction of the drill bit relative to the well.
- the relative position of the drill bit and the target point can be directly measured Set.
- the accumulation of errors is avoided, and the relative position of the drill bit and the target point is accurately measured.
- high-precision relative position measurement is also achieved in tunnel crossing, coal mine freezing, and dense shaft construction.
- Figure 1 shows a spatial magnetic field intensity distribution diagram of a static magnetic dipole
- Figure 2 shows an elliptical polarization magnetic line model of a magnetic dipole
- Figure 3 shows an elliptical polarization magnetic field model of a magnetic dipole
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the spatial magnetic field intensity distribution of a static magnetic dipole
- Figure 5 shows an external view of a permanent magnetic steel drill collar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 6 shows an axial cross-sectional view of a diagonally mounted permanent magnet drill collar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 7 illustrates a transverse cross-sectional view of a permanent magnetic steel drill collar mounted vertically and in parallel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 8 shows the model of the elliptical polarized magnetic field tilt of the magnetic dipole
- Figure 9 is a diagram showing the spatial magnetic field intensity distribution after the elliptically polarized magnetic field of the magnetic dipole is tilted
- Figure 10 shows a schematic view of a ground interface box and a downhole detector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of paired horizontal well ranging in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 12 illustrates a paired horizontal well ranging spatial magnetic field intensity profile in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 13 illustrates a 3D image of a pair of horizontal wells RMtop in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 14 illustrates a 3D image of a pair of horizontal wells RMside in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 15 illustrates a 3D image of a pair of horizontal wells RMforth in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of the distance measurement of the communication of a horizontal well and a vertical well in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 17 illustrates a spatial magnetic field strength profile of a communication of a horizontal well and a vertical well in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 22 is a schematic illustration of the distance measurement of a horizontal well docking in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 illustrates a spatial magnetic field strength profile of a horizontal well docking in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 24 shows a schematic view of the distance measurement of the construction of a dense shaft in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 25 shows a schematic view of the construction of a dense shaft in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention.
- the permanent magnet drill collar of the present invention is mounted behind the drill bit and rotates with the drill bit to produce a rotating magnetic field.
- the rotating magnetic field produces three orthogonal components at each position on the downhole detector at the target location, the frequency being synchronized with the rotating magnetic field. Therefore, it is first necessary to calculate how to give a rotating permanent magnet drill collar to measure the magnetic field strength.
- the permanent magnetic drill collar can be considered as a magnetic dipole.
- Hx, Hy, Hz represent the magnetic field strengths in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, respectively
- ⁇ is the permeability of the medium in which the permanent magnetic drill collar is located
- M is the magnetic moment vector
- r is the vector of the origin O to the point P.
- ⁇ 0 represents the angle between the radial diameter and the X axis in the XY plane.
- the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic dipole is an elliptical polarization magnetic field. According to formula (1), when the magnetic field direction level, that is, the magnetic field in the Top direction is zero, the Htop expression is known.
- ⁇ denotes the projection of the P point on the OZX plane and the angle of the Z axis
- h denotes the projection of the P point on the OZX plane
- s denotes the projection of the P point on the Y axis.
- the permanent magnet steel When the permanent magnet steel is rotated, it can be regarded as an elliptical polarized magnetic field rotating at its center in the horizontal direction, as shown in Fig. 1 in accordance with the Y axis.
- the RMtop, RMside, and RMforth coordinate systems are established, and RMforth is defined as the direction of the rotation axis of the permanent magnet drill collar, and the RMtop direction is the direction of the RMforth axis to the observation point, and the RMside direction is determined according to the right-hand rule.
- ⁇ is defined as the rotating magnetic field short section, that is, the rotation angle of the permanent magnetic steel drill collar
- h is the distance from the observation point to the RMforth axis
- s is the corresponding position of the observation point on the RMforth axis.
- the permanent magnetic steel drill collar of the present invention preferably adopts a specific installation mode.
- a permanent magnet drill collar 1 in accordance with the present invention is disclosed; it includes a permanent magnet steel drill collar body 11 and a permanent magnet 12, wherein the permanent magnet 12 is located inside the permanent magnet drill collar 11.
- FIG. 6 there is shown an axial cross-sectional view of an obliquely mounted permanent magnet drill collar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, with all permanent magnets 12 arranged in a manner that the NS pole is at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction of the longitudinal axis. Install obliquely.
- FIG 7 there is shown a transverse cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet steel drill collar mounted vertically and in parallel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a portion of the permanent magnets 12 are arranged such that NS is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and another portion of the permanent magnet 12 is Row It is listed parallel to the NS pole and the longitudinal axis.
- the magnetic field model of the obliquely mounted permanent magnet drill collar corresponds to a certain angle ⁇ of the elliptical polarization magnetic field model of the magnetic dipole.
- ⁇ the expression of the magnetic field strength H at any point in the far field space is:
- the RMtop, RMside, and RMforth coordinate systems are defined to define the rotation axis as RMforth, and the RMtop direction as the RMforth axis to the observation point.
- the RMside direction is determined according to the right-hand rule.
- ⁇ is defined as the rotation angle of the rotating magnetic field
- h is the distance from the observation point to the RMforth axis
- s is the corresponding position of the observation point on the RMforth axis.
- JRMforth represents RMforth, that is, the magnetic field strength in the direction of the rotation axis
- JRMtop represents the RMforth axis, that is, the magnetic field strength in the direction from the rotation axis to the observation point
- JRMside represents the magnetic field strength in the RMside axis direction determined according to the right-hand rule.
- the permanent magnet When the permanent magnet is installed in the axial direction, it is equivalent to the elliptical polarization magnetic field model of the magnetic dipole magnetic dipole, which is 90 degrees, that is, the angle ⁇ in the formula (7) is 90 degrees.
- the eigenvalues of the image are more closely related to the drill bit's spacing relative to the well. According to the use of docking or parallel or obstacle avoidance, according to the most vivid correlation, permanent magnet drill collars of different arrangements can be selected.
- TRMforth represents RMforth, that is, the magnetic field strength in the direction of the rotation axis
- TRMtop represents the RMforth axis, that is, the magnetic field strength in the direction from the rotation axis to the observation point
- TRMside represents the magnetic field strength in the RMside axis direction determined according to the right-hand rule.
- the eigenvalues of the image are more closely related to the drill bit's spacing relative to the well. According to the use of docking or parallel or obstacle avoidance, according to the most vivid correlation, permanent magnet drill collars of different arrangements can be selected.
- the rotating magnetic field range finder of the present invention comprises a permanent magnetic steel drill collar 1, a downhole detector 2 and a ground interface box 3.
- the permanent magnetic steel drill collar 1 comprises a permanent magnetic steel drill collar body 11 and a plurality of permanent magnetic steels 12 fixed inside the permanent magnetic steel drill collar body 11, the permanent magnetic steel drill collar 1 being fixed behind the drill bit a rotating magnetic field short section that rotates together with the drill bit to generate a rotating magnetic field to provide a magnetic field signal source;
- the downhole detector 2 includes two three-axis fluxgates and three accelerometers, and the two three-axis fluxgates The spacing between the two is fixed, and the magnetic field at two positions of the rotating magnetic field is measured.
- the accelerometer and the fluxgate establish a coordinate system for the fluxgate in the earth's gravitational field and the earth's magnetic field.
- the ground interface box 3 is used to process the obtained data and power the downhole detector. Data and power connections are made between the downhole detector 2 and the ground interface box by having a cable 4.
- the ground interface box 3 can also connect various data processing devices by means of, for example, a USB cable. 5, such as a PC.
- the permanent magnet drill collar 1 comprises an obliquely mounted permanent magnet drill collar and a permanent magnet drill collar mounted vertically and in parallel.
- all of the permanent magnets 12 are arranged in an oblique manner such that the NS pole is at a certain angle with respect to the vertical direction of the longitudinal axis.
- the permanent magnets are mounted vertically and in parallel, wherein a portion of the permanent magnets 12 are arranged such that NS is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and another portion of the permanent magnets 12 are arranged parallel to the NS poles and the longitudinal axis.
- the above two permanent magnetic steel drill collars can make the construction of the magnetic field more convenient and make the correlation between the characteristic value of the rotating magnetic field and the distance of the drill bit relative to the drilled well.
- the downhole detector 2 comprises two sensor compartments 21, a CPU compartment 22 and a power compartment 23, wherein the two sensor compartments 21 are spaced apart, for example, the CPU compartment 22 and the power compartment can be made 23 is located between the two sensor compartments 21.
- Each sensor compartment 21 is composed of three mutually perpendicular gravitational accelerometers and a high-precision three-axis fluxgate sensor.
- the three accelerometers are used to determine the well angle and the high side of the gravity of the downhole detector.
- a coordinate system is established.
- the three-axis fluxgate sensor measures the component of the three coordinate axes at the center of the fluxgate sensor in the rotating magnetic field.
- the two sensor compartments obtain the three components of the magnetic field at two positions and six sinusoidal signals.
- the distance between the two fluxgate sensors is known, the rotating magnetic field can be calibrated in real time, and the obtained data is verified, not only redundant but also real-time calibrated; the power compartment 23 is powered from the cable 4 and transmitted through the cable 4. Data; the CPU bay 22 collects the sensor pod voltage and transmits the acquired voltage data of the two sensor pods to the power pod 23 in a form such as Manchester.
- the cable 4 is a single core steel cable to increase the strength of the cable.
- the invention also discloses a method for measuring relative distance of drilling by using the magnetic field finder described above, which comprises installing a rotating magnetic field short segment on a drill bit, rotatingly generating a magnetic field together with the drill bit, and placing the downhole detector 2 in another well.
- the rotating magnetic field produces three orthogonal components at each position on the downhole detector at the target location, the frequency being synchronized with the rotating magnetic field.
- the time waveform of the time waveform and the depth measured by the fluxgate are used to construct 3D images of six magnetic field components of RMtop1, RMside1, RMforth1, RMtop2, RMside2, RMforth2 and the corner and depth of the drill bit, and three magnetic field components at each fluxgate position are constructed.
- the value of the drill angle and depth corresponding to the value line, combined with the derived drill angle, the depth of the drill bit and the distance between the drill bit and the drilled hole, and the respective magnetic field components of each fluxgate position, are calculated by the calibration file and each The relationship between the components gives the distance and direction of the drill bit relative to the well. This eliminates the error caused by the above magnetic field interference and obtains a reliable and highly accurate result.
- the calibration file refers to a correlation coefficient file that is calibrated with the deformed magnetic field distribution according to the application conditions, and is used to fit the characteristics of the 3D image and the required pitch and direction.
- SAGD pairs of horizontal wells take a pair of horizontal wells that are parallel to each other.
- the upper horizontal well is the steam injection well and the lower one is the production well.
- the downhole detector is placed in the well through the cable, and the drill bit is half the length of the drill pipe. Data acquisition begins when the drill pipe begins to drill, stops data acquisition after the drill pipe ends, and records bit depth changes over time.
- the Top axis direction is vertically upward
- the Forth axis is the same as the downhole detector axis direction
- the Side axis is determined according to the right hand spiral rule.
- the RMforth axis is the rotational axis of the rotating magnetic field
- the RMfor axis is the vector of the RMforth axis pointing to the position of the fluxgate.
- the RMside axis is determined according to the right-handed spiral rule.
- the distance between the two fluxgates to the rotating magnetic field is s1 and s2, and the distance between the two fluxgate fluxgates to the RMforth axis is h1 and h2, and the two fluxgates are located at The distance between the foot on the RMforth axis and the short section of the rotating magnetic field is d1 and d2.
- the rotation angle of the rotating magnetic field short section is referenced to the position where the fluxgate is located, and the rotation angle is thus ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
- the two fluxgates on the downhole detector in the well have been measured to measure the rotating magnetic field.
- the frequencies of the six magnetic field components at the two locations are synchronized with the rotating magnetic field, and their amplitude and phase vary with the depth of the bit.
- a drill pipe is usually about 10m.
- the vertical distance between the horizontal sections of the two wells is 5.0m ⁇ 0.5m, and the horizontal distance is 0.0m ⁇ 0.5m.
- the magnetic field at the sensor position of the downhole detector is shown in Figure 11.
- h0 is 5m
- d0 is in the range of -5m to +5m
- ⁇ 0 is in the range of 0 to 360 degrees.
- the obtained 3D image is shown in Figure 13-15.
- the collected three three-axis fluxgate and three-axis accelerometer data are filtered, three components on the coordinate axis of the downhole detector are calculated, and the earth gravity coordinate system of the downhole detector is established, and the magnetic field coordinate system is not needed. Filtering the data collected by the two three-axis fluxgates, obtaining the rotating magnetic field data, and performing coordinate rotation to obtain Top, In the Side and Forth coordinate systems, there are six rotating magnetic field components at the two fluxgates: RMB1, RMside1, RMforth1, RMtop2, RMside2, and RMforth2. The corner angle of each moment is calculated using the three-axis component of the magnetic field at the two sensors.
- the angle of rotation has two ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2; the depth of the well at each moment is recorded according to the depth of the well. Construct a 3D waveform of each magnetic field component with the angle of the rotating magnetic field and the depth of the well, construct the sum of the squares of the triaxial components of the two rotating magnetic fields, or the sum of the squares of the two axial components at each place, or other operations of the six components with the drill bit 3D image of corner and depth. Read the peaks, peaks, valleys, and contours of these waveforms for the drill angle, depth, and magnetic field strength values, combined with the derived drill angle, drill depth, and bit spacing relative to the drilled hole and each fluxgate position.
- the functional relationship between the various magnetic field components is calculated by the calibration file to obtain the distance h1 and h2 of the drill bit relative to the drilled well and the directions ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, and the distance h and direction ⁇ are obtained to obtain the yaw angle. It can also be determined by image recognition and fitting against a scaled 3D waveform library.
- the inclined permanent magnet drill collar can be matched with the downhole detector.
- the distance between the two wells is 5 meters, only 2 meters of depth displacement is needed to calculate the accurate result, or 10 meters depth.
- the displacement can achieve a measurement range of 25 meters, that is, parallel wells with a spacing of 25 meters.
- the rotating magnetic field is shortly connected behind the drill bit of the well, and the downhole detector 2 is placed at the target point of the straight well through the cable, while the ground interface box 3 and the computer 5 are provided on the ground.
- Power supply and data communication are required between the cable of the downhole detector 2 and the ground interface box 3, both of which are implemented by the wired cable 4.
- Data acquisition is performed after drilling is started, and the depth of the drill bit changes with time, and the data acquisition is stopped after drilling a certain distance.
- the drilling engineer analyzes the processed data to obtain the offset radius and offset high side of the target position.
- the U-axis direction is vertically upward, the E-axis is east, and the N-axis is north.
- the RMforth axis is the rotational axis of the rotating magnetic field, and the RMfor axis is the vector of the RMforth axis pointing to the position of the fluxgate.
- the RMside axis is determined according to the right-handed spiral rule.
- the distance between the two fluxgates to the rotating magnetic field is s1 and s2, and the distance between the two fluxgate fluxgates to the RMforth axis is h1 and h2, and the two fluxgates are located at
- the distance between the foot on the RMforth axis and the short section of the rotating magnetic field is d1 and d2, and the downhole detector is vertical, so d1 and d2 coincide.
- the rotation angle of the rotating magnetic field short section is ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 with reference to the position where the fluxgate is located, and the rotation angle is ⁇ with reference to the gravity line.
- the rotating magnetic field is advanced by 3 m, and simulation is performed according to Equation 2 to establish a 3D model.
- the three-axis component of the magnetic field changes as follows.
- the s1 and s2 from the drill bit, the offsets h1 and h2, and the left and right offsets.
- the two three-axis fluxgates are used to obtain redundant calculation results, using the known upper and lower spacing of the two three-axis fluxgates, and the calculated drill bit to the already drilled s1 and s2, offsets h1 and h2, and around Offset comparison, you can improve the reliability and accuracy of the data by correcting the calculation results.
- Embodiment 3 Application of Rotating Magnetic Field Ranger in Horizontal Docking Well
- a 3D waveform of each magnetic field component with the angle of the rotating magnetic field and the depth of the well is constructed, and other operations of the six components are constructed with the 3D image of the drill corner and depth. Reading the special values of these waveforms, combined with the derived drill angle, the depth of the drill bit, and the distance between the drill bit and the drilled hole, and the magnetic field components of each fluxgate position, are calculated by the calibration calibration file to obtain a positive The distance from the well to the target, the offset radius, and the offset high side.
- Each downhole detector uses the data of two three-axis fluxgates to calculate the three-axis component of the magnetic field strength at each moment of the two spatial positions, and calculates the rotation angle of the drill bit at each moment; according to the depth of field recorder Data, get the depth of the well at each moment.
- the data is processed according to the time series, and the 3D waveform of the magnetic field component with the angle of the rotating magnetic field and the depth of the well is constructed.
- the 3D waveform library of the calibration can be used to determine the distance from the drill to each well, and the axis of the drill can be determined. The angle of the axis of the well.
- the relative position of the drill bit and the target point can be directly measured.
- the accumulation of errors is avoided, and the relative position of the drill bit and the target point is accurately measured.
- high-precision relative position measurement is also achieved in tunnel crossing, coal mine freezing, and dense shaft construction.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种测量钻井相对距离的旋转磁场测距仪,包括永久磁钢钻铤,井下探测仪和地面接口箱,其中,永久磁钢钻铤包括永久磁钢钻铤本体,以及固定在所述永久磁钢钻铤本体内部的多个永久磁钢,所述永久磁钢钻铤固定在钻头后部,成为旋转磁场短节,与钻头一起旋转产生旋转磁场,以提供磁场信号源;所述井下探测仪包括两个三轴磁通门和三个加速度表,所述两个三轴磁通门之间间距固定,对旋转磁场两个位置的磁场进行测量,加速度表和磁通门在地球重力场和地球磁场中为磁通门建立坐标系;所述地面接口箱用于对得到的数据进行处理,并给井下探测仪供电,所述井下探测仪和地面接口箱之间通过具有电缆进行数据和电源连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的测量钻井相对距离的旋转磁场测距仪,其特征在于:所述永久磁钢钻铤为斜置安装的永久磁钢钻铤或垂直与平行组合安装的永久磁钢钻铤,所述斜置安装的永久磁钢钻铤为所有永久磁钢排列成NS极相对纵向轴线的垂直方向偏一定的角度的方式斜置安装,所述垂直与平行组合安装的永久磁钢钻铤为部分永久磁钢排列成NS相对纵向轴线垂直,另一部分永久磁钢排列成与NS极和纵向轴线平行。
- 根据权利要求1所述的测量钻井相对距离的旋转磁场测距仪,其特征在于:所述井下探测仪包括两个传感器舱、一个CPU舱和一个电源舱,其中两个传感器舱相隔一定间距,每个传感器舱由三个相互垂直的重力加速度计和一个高精度三轴磁通门传感器组成,三个加速度计的作用是确定井下探测仪的井斜角和重力高边,给磁通门建立坐标系,三轴磁通门传感器测量旋转磁场该磁通门传感器中心处三个坐标轴上的分量;电源舱从电缆取电,并通过电缆传输数据;CPU舱采集传感器舱电压,并将所采集的两个传感器舱的电压数据传送给电源舱。
- 根据权利要求1所述的测量钻井相对距离的旋转磁场测距仪,其特征在于:所述电缆为单芯钢丝电缆。
- 一种利用权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的旋转磁场测距仪对钻井相对距离进行测量的方法,其特征在于:将旋转磁场短节安装在钻头上,随钻头一起旋转地产生磁场,井下探测仪放置在另一个井中,测量旋转磁场在井下探测仪上的每个位置上的磁场分量;用磁通门测量的时间波形和深度的时间波形构建RMtop1、RMside1、RMforth1、RMtop2、RMside2、RMforth2六个磁场分量与钻头转角和深度的3D图像、构建每个磁 通门位置处三个磁场分量的平方和、或每个位置处两个磁场分量的平方和、或六个磁场分量当中的几个分量的其他运算与钻头转角和深度的3D图像,读取这些波形的峰值和峰谷及等值线所对应的钻头转角和深度值,结合推导出的钻头转角、钻头深度和钻头相对已钻井的间距与每个磁通门位置的各个磁场分量之间的函数关系,经标定文件计算和各个分量之间的相互关系,得出钻头相对已钻井的间距和方向;其中RMforth为永久磁钢钻铤的旋转轴方向,RMtop方向为RMforth轴到观测点的方向,根据右手法则确定RMside方向。
- 根据权利要求5所述的对钻井相对距离进行测量的方法,其特征在于:所述标定文件指的是按照应用工况,用变形后的磁场分布进行标定的相关系数文件,用于拟合3D图像的特征与所求的间距和方向。
- 根据权利要求7或8所述的对钻井相对距离进行测量的方法,其特征在于:当在成对水平井中测量两个井的间距时,在一个钻杆结束后,有两个测量结果,冗余数据提高置信度,除间距与间距高边角之外,还能测出钻头轴线与已钻井轴线的角度。
- 根据权利要求7或8所述的对钻井相对距离进行测量的方法,其特征在于:当在垂直对接井和水平对接井中测量两个井的间距时,用所述两个三轴磁通门能够得到冗佘计算结果,用这两个三轴磁通门的已知间距实时标定计算结果,提高数据的可信度和准确性。
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Also Published As
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CN104343438B (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
US10520632B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
US20180038984A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
CA2961104A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
CA2961104C (en) | 2021-05-25 |
CN104343438A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
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