WO2016034401A1 - Device for the recovery of water from a gas and method for reducing nitrogen oxides - Google Patents
Device for the recovery of water from a gas and method for reducing nitrogen oxides Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016034401A1 WO2016034401A1 PCT/EP2015/068930 EP2015068930W WO2016034401A1 WO 2016034401 A1 WO2016034401 A1 WO 2016034401A1 EP 2015068930 W EP2015068930 W EP 2015068930W WO 2016034401 A1 WO2016034401 A1 WO 2016034401A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrolyzer
- water
- nitrogen oxide
- oxide reduction
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/005—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for draining or otherwise eliminating condensates or moisture accumulating in the apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
- B01D2251/102—Oxygen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/202—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/22—Water or humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for recovering water from a gas. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for nitrogen oxide reduction, in particular using the device according to the invention. In addition, the present invention relates to a computer program which is set up to carry out each step of the method according to the invention and to a machine-readable storage medium on which the computer program according to the invention is stored. Finally, the invention relates to an electronic control device which is set up to carry out a reduction of nitrogen oxide by means of the method according to the invention.
- the Nitrogen Oxide Storage Catalyst stores the nitrogen oxides. After that, they are reduced when the accumulator is full or in between in an operating condition of the internal combustion engine in which rich exhaust gas (lambda ⁇ 1) is produced.
- the nitrogen oxides react to water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. This is done by reacting the nitrogen oxides with hydrogen or carbon monoxide, which in this operating condition are present in the exhaust gas. Thereafter, the engine management is switched back to normal driving with lean exhaust.
- HWL urea water solution
- Both the NSC process and the SCR process are used to reduce nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of gasoline engines.
- the SCR process is predominantly used because the diesel engine can not be operated favorably for a long time in the rich state at lambda ⁇ 1. Here he produces a lot of soot.
- hydrogen upstream of the NSC and / or SCR catalyst may also be metered into the exhaust line and used to reduce nitrogen oxides. Hydrogen can either be carried in a small pressure tank or generated on board the motor vehicle by means of steam reforming or electrolysis of water. Water for electrolysis must be in the
- Tank must be carried and must be refilled regularly.
- the apparatus for recovering water from a gas according to the invention is adapted to supply water to an electrolyzer.
- the electrolyzer is configured to supply hydrogen to at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst.
- the at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is in particular an NSC catalyst and / or an SCR catalyst.
- water for Generation of hydrogen by means of electrolysis not be carried and refueled, but can be obtained on board the motor vehicle.
- the device for obtaining water from a gas is connected to the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine such that its exhaust gas can be supplied to the internal combustion engine. This makes it possible for the electrolyzer to supply water, which in fuel combustion in the
- the device for obtaining water from a gas is connected to an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle such that it can remove water from a condenser of the air conditioning system. This allows the electrolyzer to supply water from the ambient air.
- the device has a reverse osmosis unit arranged so that water leaving the water-collecting device is conditioned in the reverse osmosis unit before being supplied to the electrolyzer .
- Reverse osmosis has over alternative methods, such as the water purification by means of a
- the device may instead of the reverse osmosis unit or in addition to this also other components for
- This is in particular a mechanical filter for removing particles (abrasion), an activated carbon filter for removing hydrocarbons, and / or an ion exchanger for removing foreign ions, such as iron ions (especially Fe 2+ ) from the exhaust system.
- the electrolyzer is preferably a PEM electrolyzer, that is a
- Electrolyser with a proton-conducting polymer membrane is due to its special compact design for the production of hydrogen on board a
- the apparatus comprises a hydrogen pressure tank arranged to allow hydrogen leaving the electrolyzer in the tank
- Hydrogen pressure tank is temporarily stored, wherein it is supplied to the at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst.
- the feeding can be done, for example, by the hydrogen upstream of the
- Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is metered into the exhaust system.
- Hydrogen tank pressure to be generated For this he is preferred in one
- the temporary storage of the hydrogen in the hydrogen pressure tank makes it possible to supply the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst with hydrogen as needed.
- the electrolyzer is arranged to discharge oxygen generated in the electrolysis of water into the ambient air. This makes it possible to operate the oxygen side of the electrolyzer at atmospheric pressure.
- Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is arranged in an exhaust line, wherein a soot filter is arranged in the exhaust line.
- the electrolyzer is arranged to supply oxygen to the soot filter. This makes it possible to support the reduction of the soot collected in the soot filter by metering the oxygen produced during the electrolysis into the exhaust gas line upstream of the exhaust gas Soot filter.
- the feeding can be done, for example, by the hydrogen is metered upstream of the soot filter in the exhaust line.
- the device has an oxygen pressure tank arranged so that oxygen exiting the electrolyzer is temporarily stored in the oxygen pressure tank before being fed to the soot filter.
- the oxygen side of the electrolyzer can be operated at elevated pressure, so that the oxygen in the electrolyzer can be generated directly at the required oxygen tank pressure.
- the intermediate storage of the oxygen has the advantage that it can be supplied to the soot filter as needed during a regeneration operation.
- the inventive method for nitrogen oxide reduction in particular in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine, comprises recovering water from a gas, supplying the water to an electrolyzer, and supplying hydrogen from the electrolyzer to at least one
- Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst The recovery of water takes place preferably by means of the device according to the invention.
- the computer program according to the invention is set up to carry out each step of the method according to the invention, in particular if it is executed on a computer or electronic control unit. It allows the implementation of the method according to the invention on an electronic control unit, without having to make any structural changes thereto.
- the computer program is stored in particular on the machine-readable storage medium according to the invention.
- Receive control unit which is adapted to perform a nitrogen oxide reduction by means of the method according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically components of a motor vehicle with a
- Fig. 2 shows schematically components of a motor vehicle with a
- an internal combustion engine 10 is arranged, which emits its exhaust gas in an exhaust line 20.
- an exhaust line 20 This is shown in Fig. 1.
- a catalyst 21 for decreasing the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas, a soot filter 22, and a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23 are arranged in downstream sequential order.
- the catalyst 21 is designed as an oxidation catalyst or as a 3-way catalyst.
- Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is designed as an NSC catalyst, as an SCR catalyst or as a combination of the two. Downstream of the NSC catalyst, as an SCR catalyst or as a combination of the two. Downstream of the NSC catalyst, as an SCR catalyst or as a combination of the two.
- Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23 branches off from the exhaust line 20 from a bypass, which returns a portion of the exhaust gas into the device 30 for recovering water from a gas into and then from this into the exhaust line 20.
- the device 30 for water extraction comprises a
- Heat exchanger 31 on which water contained in the exhaust gas to a
- a mist eliminator 32 which separates the condensed water from the exhaust stream and out of the bypass, a first valve 33 passes. It enters a pump 41 which supplies the condensate to a reverse osmosis unit 42.
- a reverse osmosis unit 42 This consists in the present case of a bundle of membrane filaments in a cartridge.
- Retentate contaminated with foreign ions and other pollutants from the exhaust system Reverse osmosis optionally partially is supplied to the pump 41 through a second valve 43 together with fresh condensate.
- a third valve 44 is discarded.
- the high-purity permeate water of the reverse osmosis which penetrates through the walls of the membrane filaments, is fed to the electrolyzer 50. Here it becomes one
- Hydrogen is generated, which is supplied to a hydrogen pressure tank 60 under a pressure in the range of 0.5 to 15 MPa.
- Hydrogen outlet valve 61 of the hydrogen pressure tank 60 can be supplied to the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23 as needed. For this purpose, it is fed into the exhaust gas line upstream of the catalytically active material of the nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic converter 23.
- an NSC catalyst is used as the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23
- the hydrogen is introduced when the storage is full. If, on the other hand, an S CR catalyst is used as the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23, then feed-in takes place
- the installation in a motor vehicle is shown schematically in Fig. 2, the electrolyzer 50 is at its anode 52, however, also operated under pressure and the oxygen produced is stored in an oxygen pressure tank 70. From there, it can be supplied by opening an oxygen extraction valve 71 to the soot filter 22 so that it is fed into the exhaust line 20 upstream of the filter elements in the soot filter 22. This feed occurs in the regeneration mode of the soot filter to aid in the oxidation of the carbon black collected therein to carbon dioxide.
- the device 30 for recovering water from a gas alternatively or in addition to the connection to the exhaust line 20 of the
- Motor vehicle have a connection to an air conditioner (not shown) of the motor vehicle to the pump 41 to be able to supply water, which is deposited on a condenser of the air conditioner.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device (30) for the recovery of water from a gas, which is adapted to supply water to an electrolyzer (50), wherein the electrolyzer (50) is designed to supply hydrogen to at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst (23). The invention further relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides. This includes the extraction of water from a gas, the supply of water to an electrolyzer (50), and the supply of hydrogen from the electrolyzer (50) to at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst (23).
Description
Beschreibung description
Titel title
Vorrichtung zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas und Verfahren zur Apparatus for recovering water from a gas and method for
Stickoxid red uktion Nitric oxide reduction
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Stickoxidreduktion, insbesondere unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Außerdem betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Computerprogramm, welches eingerichtet ist, jeden Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens durchzuführen, sowie ein maschinenlesbares Speichermedium, auf welchem das erfindungsgemäße Computerprogramm gespeichert ist. Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung ein elektronisches Steuergerät, welches eingerichtet ist, um eine Stickoxidreduktion mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens durchzuführen. The present invention relates to a device for recovering water from a gas. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for nitrogen oxide reduction, in particular using the device according to the invention. In addition, the present invention relates to a computer program which is set up to carry out each step of the method according to the invention and to a machine-readable storage medium on which the computer program according to the invention is stored. Finally, the invention relates to an electronic control device which is set up to carry out a reduction of nitrogen oxide by means of the method according to the invention.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Kraftfahrzeuge werden heute mit energiesparenden Verbrennungsmotoren ausgestattet, die vor allem in Verbrennungszuständen betrieben werden, die einen Luftüberschuss aufweisen (Lambda > 1). Dadurch werden Stickoxide gebildet, die im Katalysator reduziert werden müssen. Hierzu sind zwei Verfahren bekannt: Motor vehicles are today equipped with energy-saving internal combustion engines, which are mainly operated in combustion states that have an excess of air (lambda> 1). As a result, nitrogen oxides are formed, which must be reduced in the catalyst. For this purpose, two methods are known:
Der Stickoxidspeicherkatalysator (Nitrogen Oxide Storage Catalyst; NSC) speichert die Stickoxide ein. Danach werden diese bei gefülltem Speicher oder zwischendurch in einem Betriebszustand des Verbrennungsmotors, in dem fettes Abgas (Lambda < 1) produziert wird, reduziert. Die Stickoxide reagieren zu Wasser, Kohlendioxid und Stickstoff. Dies geschieht durch Umsetzung der Stickoxide mit Wasserstoff oder Kohlenmonoxid, die in diesem Betriebszustand
im Abgas vorhanden sind. Danach wird das Motormanagement wieder auf normalen Fahrbetrieb mit magerem Abgas umgestellt. The Nitrogen Oxide Storage Catalyst (NSC) stores the nitrogen oxides. After that, they are reduced when the accumulator is full or in between in an operating condition of the internal combustion engine in which rich exhaust gas (lambda <1) is produced. The nitrogen oxides react to water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. This is done by reacting the nitrogen oxides with hydrogen or carbon monoxide, which in this operating condition are present in the exhaust gas. Thereafter, the engine management is switched back to normal driving with lean exhaust.
Bei Verwendung eines selektiven Reduktionskatalysators (Selective Catalytic Reduction; SCR) wird aus einer Harnstoffwasserlösung (HWL), die in denWhen using a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), a urea water solution (HWL) is added to the
Abgasstrang eingeblasen wird, Ammoniak erzeugt und dieses reagiert auf einem speziellen Katalysator mit den Stickoxiden zu Wasser und Stickstoff. Das Abgas ist in diesem Verfahren mager (Lambda > 1). Allerdings hat die Verwendung des SCR- Katalysators den Nachteil, dass bei zu hoher HWL-Dosierung nicht umgesetztes Ammoniak aus dem Katalysator austritt und durch diesen sogenannten Schlupf in die Umwelt gelangt. Außerdem ist die Exhaust line is injected, generates ammonia and this reacts on a special catalyst with the nitrogen oxides to water and nitrogen. The exhaust gas is lean in this process (lambda> 1). However, the use of the SCR catalyst has the disadvantage that unreacted ammonia escapes from the catalyst when the HWL metering is too high and passes into the environment through this so-called slip. In addition, the
Harnstoffwasserlösung korrosiv und erfordert eine aufwendige Handhabung. Urea water solution corrosive and requires a complex handling.
Sowohl das NSC-Verfahren als auch das SCR-Verfahren werden zur Reduktion von Stickoxiden im Abgas von Otto- Motoren angewendet. Bei Dieselmotoren wird überwiegend das SCR-Verfahren verwendet, da der Dieselmotor sich nicht günstig längere Zeit im fetten Zustand bei Lambda < 1 betreiben lässt. Hier erzeugt er sehr viel Ruß. Alternativ zum Fettbetrieb beim NSC und zur Dosierung von Harnstoff beim SCR kann auch Wasserstoff stromaufwärts des NSC- und/oder SCR- Katalysators in den Abgasstrang dosiert werden und zur Reduktion der Stickoxide verwendet werden. Wasserstoff kann entweder in einem kleinen Drucktank mitgeführt werden oder an Bord des Kraftfahrzeugs mittels Dampfreformierung oder Elektrolyse aus Wasser erzeugt werden. Wasser für die Elektrolyse muss in demBoth the NSC process and the SCR process are used to reduce nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of gasoline engines. In diesel engines, the SCR process is predominantly used because the diesel engine can not be operated favorably for a long time in the rich state at lambda <1. Here he produces a lot of soot. As an alternative to rich operation in NSC and urea metering in SCR, hydrogen upstream of the NSC and / or SCR catalyst may also be metered into the exhaust line and used to reduce nitrogen oxides. Hydrogen can either be carried in a small pressure tank or generated on board the motor vehicle by means of steam reforming or electrolysis of water. Water for electrolysis must be in the
Tank mitgeführt werden und muss regelmäßig nachgefüllt werden. Tank must be carried and must be refilled regularly.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas ist eingerichtet, um einem Elektrolyseur Wasser zuzuführen. Der Elektrolyseur ist eingerichtet, um mindestens einem Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator Wasserstoff zuzuführen. Der mindestens eine Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator ist insbesondere ein NSC-Katalysator und/oder ein SCR-Katalysator. In einem Kraftfahrzeug, welches die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung aufweist, muss Wasser zur
Erzeugung von Wasserstoff mittels Elektrolyse nicht mitgeführt und nachgetankt werden, sondern kann an Bord des Kraftfahrzeugs gewonnen werden. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The apparatus for recovering water from a gas according to the invention is adapted to supply water to an electrolyzer. The electrolyzer is configured to supply hydrogen to at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst. The at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is in particular an NSC catalyst and / or an SCR catalyst. In a motor vehicle, which has the device according to the invention, water for Generation of hydrogen by means of electrolysis not be carried and refueled, but can be obtained on board the motor vehicle.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass die Vorrichtung zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas so mit dem Abgasstrang eines Verbrennungsmotors verbunden ist, dass ihr Abgas des Verbrennungsmotors zuführbar ist. Dies ermöglicht es dem Elektrolyseur Wasser zuzuführen, welches bei der Kraftstoffverbrennung im It is preferred that the device for obtaining water from a gas is connected to the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine such that its exhaust gas can be supplied to the internal combustion engine. This makes it possible for the electrolyzer to supply water, which in fuel combustion in the
Verbrennungsmotor entsteht. Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, dass die Vorrichtung zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas so mit einer Klimaanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs verbunden ist, dass sie Wasser aus einem Kondensator der Klimaanlage entnehmen kann. Dies ermöglicht es dem Elektrolyseur Wasser aus der Umgebungsluft zuzuführen. Internal combustion engine is created. Furthermore, it is preferred that the device for obtaining water from a gas is connected to an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle such that it can remove water from a condenser of the air conditioning system. This allows the electrolyzer to supply water from the ambient air.
Um eine hohe Qualität des dem Elektrolyseur zugeführten Wassers zu gewährleisten, ist es bevorzugt, dass die Vorrichtung eine Umkehrosmoseeinheit aufweist, die so angeordnet ist, dass Wasser, welches die Vorrichtung zur Wassergewinnung verlässt, in der Umkehrosmoseeinheit aufbereitet wird, bevor es dem Elektrolyseur zugeführt wird. Umkehrosmose hat gegenüber alternativen Verfahren, wie beispielsweise der Wasseraufreinigung mittels eines In order to ensure a high quality of the water supplied to the electrolyzer, it is preferable that the device has a reverse osmosis unit arranged so that water leaving the water-collecting device is conditioned in the reverse osmosis unit before being supplied to the electrolyzer , Reverse osmosis has over alternative methods, such as the water purification by means of a
Ionenaustauschers, den Vorteil, dass dieses Membranverfahren wartungsfrei sehr lange Betriebszeiten erreicht. Eine lonenaustauscherkartusche muss hingegen regelmäßig gewechselt werden oder für lange Betriebszeiten extrem groß ausgelegt werden, was Bauraum und Kostennachteile mit sich bringt. Ionenaustauschers, the advantage that this membrane process maintenance-free reaches very long operating times. On the other hand, an ion exchanger cartridge must be changed regularly or be designed to be extremely large for long periods of operation, which entails installation space and cost disadvantages.
Grundsätzlich kann die Vorrichtung allerdings anstelle der Umkehrosmoseeinheit oder zusätzlich zu dieser auch noch weitere Komponenten zur Basically, however, the device may instead of the reverse osmosis unit or in addition to this also other components for
Wasseraufbereitung aufweisen. Hierbei handelt es sich insbesondere um einen mechanischen Filter zur Entfernung von Partikeln (Abrieb), einen Aktivkohlefilter zur Entfernung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, und/oder einen Ionenaustauscher zur Entfernung von Fremdionen, wie beispielsweise Eisenionen (insbesondere Fe2+) aus dem Abgasstrang. Have water treatment. This is in particular a mechanical filter for removing particles (abrasion), an activated carbon filter for removing hydrocarbons, and / or an ion exchanger for removing foreign ions, such as iron ions (especially Fe 2+ ) from the exhaust system.
Der Elektrolyseur ist vorzugsweise ein PEM-Elektrolyseur, das heißt ein The electrolyzer is preferably a PEM electrolyzer, that is a
Elektrolyseur mit einer Protonen leitenden Polymermembran (Proton Exchange Membran; PEM). Ein PEM- Elektrolyseur ist aufgrund seiner besonders
kompakten Bauweise für die Erzeugung von Wasserstoff an Bord eines Electrolyser with a proton-conducting polymer membrane (PEM). A PEM electrolyzer is due to its special compact design for the production of hydrogen on board a
Kraftfahrzeugs besonders geeignet. Er stellt zwar hohe Anforderungen an die Wasserqualität des zur Elektrolyse verwendeten Wassers, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Fremdionengehalts, der zu einem maximal zulässigen Leitwert des Wassers von weniger als 1,0 μδ/οηη oder sogar weniger als 0,1 μδ/οηη führen darf. Diese Anforderungen können jedoch mit der erfindungsgemäßen Wassergewinnung erfüllt werden. Motor vehicle particularly suitable. Although it places high demands on the water quality of the water used for the electrolysis, in particular with regard to the foreign ion content, which may lead to a maximum permissible conductivity of the water of less than 1.0 μδ / ηηη or even less than 0.1 μδ / ηηη. However, these requirements can be met with the water production according to the invention.
Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung einen Wasserstoffdrucktank auf, der so angeordnet ist, dass Wasserstoff, der den Elektrolyseur verlässt, in dem Preferably, the apparatus comprises a hydrogen pressure tank arranged to allow hydrogen leaving the electrolyzer in the tank
Wasserstoffdrucktank zwischenspeicherbar ist, wobei er dem mindestens einen Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator zugeführt wird. Das Zuführen kann beispielsweise erfolgen, indem der Wasserstoff stromaufwärts des Hydrogen pressure tank is temporarily stored, wherein it is supplied to the at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst. The feeding can be done, for example, by the hydrogen upstream of the
Stickoxidreduktionskatalysators in den Abgasstrang eindosiert wird. Der Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is metered into the exhaust system. Of the
Wasserstoff kann hierzu im Elektrolyseur direkt bei dem benötigten Hydrogen can do this in the electrolyzer directly at the required
Wasserstofftankdruck erzeugt werden. Hierzu wird er bevorzugt in einem Hydrogen tank pressure to be generated. For this he is preferred in one
Druckbereich von 0,5 bis 15 MPa, besonders bevorzugt von 1 bis 6 MPa, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 1 bis 3 MPa erzeugt. Pressure range of 0.5 to 15 MPa, more preferably from 1 to 6 MPa, most preferably generated from 1 to 3 MPa.
Die Zwischenspeicherung des Wasserstoffs in dem Wasserstoffdrucktank ermöglicht eine bedarfsgerechte Versorgung des Stickoxidreduktionskatalysators mit Wasserstoff. The temporary storage of the hydrogen in the hydrogen pressure tank makes it possible to supply the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst with hydrogen as needed.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Elektrolyseur eingerichtet, um bei der Elektrolyse von Wasser erzeugten Sauerstoff in die Umgebungsluft zu entlassen. Dies ermöglicht es, die Sauerstoffseite des Elektrolyseurs bei Atmosphärendruck zu betreiben. In one embodiment of the invention, the electrolyzer is arranged to discharge oxygen generated in the electrolysis of water into the ambient air. This makes it possible to operate the oxygen side of the electrolyzer at atmospheric pressure.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der In another embodiment of the invention is the
Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator in einem Abgasstrang angeordnet ist, wobei ein Rußfilter in dem Abgasstrang angeordnet ist. Der Elektrolyseur ist eingerichtet, um dem Rußfilter Sauerstoff zuzuführen. Dies ermöglicht eine Unterstützung der Reduktion des im Rußfilter gesammelten Rußes durch Dosierung des bei der Elektrolyse erzeugten Sauerstoffs in den Abgasstrang stromaufwärts des
Rußfilters. Das Zuführen kann beispielsweise erfolgen, indem der Wasserstoff stromaufwärts des Rußfilters in den Abgasstrang eindosiert wird. Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is arranged in an exhaust line, wherein a soot filter is arranged in the exhaust line. The electrolyzer is arranged to supply oxygen to the soot filter. This makes it possible to support the reduction of the soot collected in the soot filter by metering the oxygen produced during the electrolysis into the exhaust gas line upstream of the exhaust gas Soot filter. The feeding can be done, for example, by the hydrogen is metered upstream of the soot filter in the exhaust line.
Es ist besonders bevorzugt, dass die Vorrichtung einen Sauerstoffdrucktank aufweist, der so angeordnet ist, dass Sauerstoff, der den Elektrolyseur verlässt, in dem Sauerstoffdrucktank zwischenspeicherbar ist, bevor er dem Rußfilter zugeführt wird. Hierzu kann die Sauerstoffseite des Elektrolyseurs mit erhöhtem Druck betrieben werden, so dass der Sauerstoff im Elektrolyseur direkt beim benötigten Sauerstofftankdruck erzeugt werden kann. Die Zwischenspeicherung des Sauerstoffs hat den Vorteil, dass dieser dem Rußfilter bedarfsgerecht während eines Regenerationsbetriebes zugeführt werden kann. It is particularly preferred that the device has an oxygen pressure tank arranged so that oxygen exiting the electrolyzer is temporarily stored in the oxygen pressure tank before being fed to the soot filter. For this purpose, the oxygen side of the electrolyzer can be operated at elevated pressure, so that the oxygen in the electrolyzer can be generated directly at the required oxygen tank pressure. The intermediate storage of the oxygen has the advantage that it can be supplied to the soot filter as needed during a regeneration operation.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Stickoxidreduktion, insbesondere im Abgasstrang eines Verbrennungsmotors, umfasst die Gewinnung von Wasser aus einem Gas, das Zuführen des Wassers zu einem Elektrolyseur, und das Zuführen von Wasserstoff aus dem Elektrolyseur zu mindestens einem The inventive method for nitrogen oxide reduction, in particular in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine, comprises recovering water from a gas, supplying the water to an electrolyzer, and supplying hydrogen from the electrolyzer to at least one
Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator. Die Gewinnung von Wasser erfolgt dabei Vorzugsweise mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst. The recovery of water takes place preferably by means of the device according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Computerprogramm ist eingerichtet, jeden Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens durchzuführen, insbesondere wenn es auf einem Rechengerät oder elektronischen Steuergerät ausgeführt wird. Es ermöglicht die Implementierung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auf einem elektronischen Steuergerät, ohne hieran bauliche Veränderungen vornehmen zu müssen. Hierzu ist das Computerprogramm insbesondere auf dem erfindungsgemäßen maschinenlesbaren Speichermedium gespeichert. The computer program according to the invention is set up to carry out each step of the method according to the invention, in particular if it is executed on a computer or electronic control unit. It allows the implementation of the method according to the invention on an electronic control unit, without having to make any structural changes thereto. For this purpose, the computer program is stored in particular on the machine-readable storage medium according to the invention.
Wenn das erfindungsgemäße Computerprogramm auf einem elektronischen Steuergerät aufgespielt wird, wird das erfindungsgemäße elektronische When the computer program according to the invention is played on an electronic control unit, the inventive electronic
Steuergerät erhalten, welches eingerichtet ist, um eine Stickoxidreduktion mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens durchzuführen. Receive control unit which is adapted to perform a nitrogen oxide reduction by means of the method according to the invention.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der folgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Brief description of the drawings Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch Komponenten eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einer Fig. 1 shows schematically components of a motor vehicle with a
Vorrichtung zur Wassergewinnung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Apparatus for obtaining water according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch Komponenten eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einer Fig. 2 shows schematically components of a motor vehicle with a
Vorrichtung zur Wassergewinnung gemäß einem anderen Apparatus for obtaining water according to another
Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Embodiment of the invention.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
In einem Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Vorrichtung 30 zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist ein Verbrennungsmotor 10 angeordnet, der sein Abgas in einen Abgasstrang 20 abgibt. Dies ist in Fig. 1 dargestellt. In dem Abgasstrang 20 sind in stromabwärts aufeinanderfolgender Reihenfolge ein Katalysator 21 zur Verringerung der Kohlenwasserstoff- und Kohlenmonoxidkonzentration des Abgases ein Rußfilter 22 und ein Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator 23 angeordnet. Der Katalysator 21 ist als Oxidationskatalysator oder als 3- Wege- Katalysator ausgeführt. Der In a motor vehicle with a device 30 for recovering water from a gas according to a first embodiment of the invention, an internal combustion engine 10 is arranged, which emits its exhaust gas in an exhaust line 20. This is shown in Fig. 1. In the exhaust line 20, a catalyst 21 for decreasing the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide concentration of the exhaust gas, a soot filter 22, and a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23 are arranged in downstream sequential order. The catalyst 21 is designed as an oxidation catalyst or as a 3-way catalyst. Of the
Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator ist als NSC- Katalysator, als SCR-Katalysator oder als eine Kombination aus diesen beiden ausgeführt. Stromabwärts des Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is designed as an NSC catalyst, as an SCR catalyst or as a combination of the two. Downstream of the
Stickoxidreduktionskatalysators 23 zweigt von dem Abgasstrang 20 ein Bypass ab, welcher einen Teil des Abgases in die Vorrichtung 30 zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas hinein und anschließend aus dieser in den Abgasstrang 20 zurückleitet. Die Vorrichtung 30 zur Wassergewinnung umfasst einen Nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23 branches off from the exhaust line 20 from a bypass, which returns a portion of the exhaust gas into the device 30 for recovering water from a gas into and then from this into the exhaust line 20. The device 30 for water extraction comprises a
Wärmetauscher 31, an welchem im Abgas enthaltenes Wasser zu einem Heat exchanger 31, on which water contained in the exhaust gas to a
Großteil kondensiert wird. Stromabwärts des Wärmetauschers 31 befindet sich in der Vorrichtung 30 zur Wassergewinnung ein Tropfenabscheider 32, der das kondensierte Wasser vom Abgasstrom trennt und aus dem Bypass hinaus ein erstes Ventil 33 leitet. Es gelangt in eine Pumpe 41, welche das Kondensat einer Umkehrosmoseeinheit 42 zuführt. Diese besteht vorliegend aus einem Bündel von Membranfilamenten in einer Kartusche. Mit Fremdionen und sonstigen Verunreinigungen aus dem Abgasstrang verunreinigtes Retentat der
Umkehrosmose gegebenenfalls teilweise wird durch ein zweites Ventil 43 zusammen mit frischem Kondensat der Pumpe 41 zugeführt. Nicht erneut der Pumpe 41 zugeführtes Retentat wird ein drittes Ventil 44 verworfen. Das durch die Wände der Membranfilamente dringende hochreine Permeatwasser der Umkehrosmose wird dem Elektrolyseur 50 zugeführt. Hierin wird es einerLarge part is condensed. Downstream of the heat exchanger 31 is located in the device 30 for recovering water, a mist eliminator 32, which separates the condensed water from the exhaust stream and out of the bypass, a first valve 33 passes. It enters a pump 41 which supplies the condensate to a reverse osmosis unit 42. This consists in the present case of a bundle of membrane filaments in a cartridge. Retentate contaminated with foreign ions and other pollutants from the exhaust system Reverse osmosis optionally partially is supplied to the pump 41 through a second valve 43 together with fresh condensate. Not again the pump 41 supplied retentate a third valve 44 is discarded. The high-purity permeate water of the reverse osmosis, which penetrates through the walls of the membrane filaments, is fed to the electrolyzer 50. Here it becomes one
Elektrolyse unterworfen, wobei an der Kathode 51 des Elektrolyseurs 50 Subjected to electrolysis, wherein at the cathode 51 of the electrolyzer 50th
Wasserstoff erzeugt wird, der unter einem Druck im Bereich von 0,5 bis 15 MPa einem Wasserstoffdrucktank 60 zugeführt wird. Durch ein Hydrogen is generated, which is supplied to a hydrogen pressure tank 60 under a pressure in the range of 0.5 to 15 MPa. Through a
Wasserstoffauslassventil 61 des Wasserstoffdrucktanks 60 kann dieser bedarfsgerecht dem Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator 23 zugeführt werden. Hierzu wird er im Abgasstrang stromaufwärts des katalytisch aktiven Materials des Stickoxidreduktionskatalysators 23 eingespeist. Wenn ein NSC- Katalysator als Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator 23 verwendet wird, erfolgt die Einspeisung von Wasserstoff bei gefülltem Speicher. Wird hingegen ein S CR- Katalysator als Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator 23 verwendet, so erfolgt eine Einspeisung inHydrogen outlet valve 61 of the hydrogen pressure tank 60 can be supplied to the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23 as needed. For this purpose, it is fed into the exhaust gas line upstream of the catalytically active material of the nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic converter 23. When an NSC catalyst is used as the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23, the hydrogen is introduced when the storage is full. If, on the other hand, an S CR catalyst is used as the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 23, then feed-in takes place
Abhängigkeit vom Stickoxidgehalt des Abgases und der Wasserstoffbeladung des SCR-Katalysators. An der Anode 52 des Elektrolyseurs erzeugter Sauerstoff wird in die Umgebungsluft entlassen. In einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, deren Einbau in ein Kraftfahrzeugs schematisch in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, wird der Elektrolyseur 50 an seiner Anode 52 hingegen ebenfalls unter Druck betrieben und der erzeugte Sauerstoff wird in einem Sauerstoffdrucktank 70 gespeichert. Von dort kann er durch Öffnen eines Sauerstoffentnahmeventils 71 dem Rußfilter 22 so zugeführt werden, dass er stromaufwärts der Filterelemente im Rußfilter 22 in den Abgasstrang 20 eingespeist wird. Diese Einspeisung erfolgt in dem Regenerationsbetrieb des Rußfilters, um die Oxidation des darin gesammelten Rußes zu Kohlendioxid zu unterstützen. Sowohl im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel als auch im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung kann die Vorrichtung 30 zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas alternativ oder zusätzlich zu der Verbindung zum Abgasstrang 20 des Dependence on the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas and the hydrogen loading of the SCR catalyst. Oxygen generated at the anode 52 of the electrolyzer is released into the ambient air. In a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, the installation in a motor vehicle is shown schematically in Fig. 2, the electrolyzer 50 is at its anode 52, however, also operated under pressure and the oxygen produced is stored in an oxygen pressure tank 70. From there, it can be supplied by opening an oxygen extraction valve 71 to the soot filter 22 so that it is fed into the exhaust line 20 upstream of the filter elements in the soot filter 22. This feed occurs in the regeneration mode of the soot filter to aid in the oxidation of the carbon black collected therein to carbon dioxide. Both in the first embodiment and in the second embodiment of the invention, the device 30 for recovering water from a gas alternatively or in addition to the connection to the exhaust line 20 of the
Kraftfahrzeugs eine Verbindung zu einer Klimaanlage (nicht dargestellt) des Kraftfahrzeugs aufweisen, um der Pumpe 41 Wasser zuführen zu können, welches an einem Kondensator der Klimaanlage abgeschieden wird.
Motor vehicle have a connection to an air conditioner (not shown) of the motor vehicle to the pump 41 to be able to supply water, which is deposited on a condenser of the air conditioner.
Claims
Ansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung (30) zur Wassergewinnung aus einem Gas, wobei die A device (30) for recovering water from a gas, wherein the
Vorrichtung (30) eingerichtet ist, um einem Elektrolyseur (50) Wasser zuzuführen und wobei der Elektrolyseur (50) eingerichtet ist, um mindestens einem Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator (23) Wasserstoff zuzuführen. Device (30) is arranged to supply water to an electrolyzer (50) and wherein the electrolyzer (50) is arranged to supply hydrogen to at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst (23).
2. Vorrichtung (30) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator (23) ein NSC- Katalysator und/oder ein S CR- Katalysator ist. 2. Device (30) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst (23) is an NSC catalyst and / or an S CR catalyst.
3. Vorrichtung (30) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie so mit dem Abgasstrang (20) eines Verbrennungsmotors (10) verbunden ist, dass ihr Abgas des Verbrennungsmotors (10) zuführbar ist. 3. Device (30) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is connected to the exhaust line (20) of an internal combustion engine (10) such that its exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (10) can be supplied.
4. Vorrichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch 4. Device (30) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sie so mit einer Klimaanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs verbunden ist, dass sie Wasser aus einem Kondensator der Klimaanlage entnehmen kann. characterized in that it is connected to an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, that it can remove water from a condenser of the air conditioner.
5. Vorrichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch 5. Device (30) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Umkehrosmoseeinheit (42) aufweist, die so angeordnet ist, dass Wasser, welches die Vorrichtung (30) verlässt, in der Umkehrosmoseeinheit (42) aufbereitet wird, bevor es dem characterized in that it comprises a reverse osmosis unit (42) arranged so that water exiting the apparatus (30) is conditioned in the reverse osmosis unit (42) before it is discharged
Elektrolyseur (50) zugeführt wird. Electrolyzer (50) is supplied.
6. Vorrichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch 6. Device (30) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektrolyseur (50) ein PEM-Elektrolyseur ist.
Vorrichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch characterized in that the electrolyzer (50) is a PEM electrolyzer. Device (30) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Wasserstoffdrucktank (60) aufweist, der so angeordnet ist, dass Wasserstoff, der den Elektrolyseur (50) verlässt, in dem Wasserstoffdrucktank (60) zwischenspeicherbar ist, bevor er dem mindestens einen Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator (23) zugeführt wird. characterized in that it comprises a hydrogen pressure tank (60) arranged to allow hydrogen leaving the electrolyzer (50) to be intermediately stored in the hydrogen pressure tank (60) before being supplied to the at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst (23).
Vorrichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch Device (30) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektrolyseur (50) eingerichtet ist, um bei der Elektrolyse von Wasser erzeugten Sauerstoff in die Umgebungsluft zu entlassen. characterized in that the electrolyzer (50) is arranged to discharge oxygen generated in the electrolysis of water into the ambient air.
Vorrichtung (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch Device (30) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator (23) in einem Abgasstrang (20) angeordnet ist, wobei ein Rußfilter (22) in dem characterized in that the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst (23) is arranged in an exhaust line (20), wherein a soot filter (22) in the
Abgasstrang angeordnet ist, wobei der Elektrolyseur (50) eingerichtet ist, um dem Rußfilter (22) Sauerstoff zuzuführen. Exhaust line is arranged, wherein the electrolyzer (50) is arranged to supply the soot filter (22) oxygen.
Vorrichtung (30) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Sauerstoffdrucktank (70) aufweist, der so angeordnet ist, dass Sauerstoff, der den Elektrolyseur (50) verlässt, in dem Device (30) according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises an oxygen pressure tank (70) arranged so that oxygen exiting the electrolyzer (50) in the
Sauerstoffdrucktank (70) zwischenspeicherbar ist, bevor er dem Oxygen pressure tank (70) is cacheable before he
Rußfilter (22) zugeführt wird. Soot filter (22) is supplied.
Verfahren zur Stickoxidreduktion, umfassend die folgenden Schritte: Nitrogen oxide reduction process comprising the following steps:
Gewinnung von Wasser aus einem Gas, Extraction of water from a gas,
Zuführen des Wassers zu einem Elektrolyseur (50), und Supplying the water to an electrolyzer (50), and
Zuführen von Wasserstoff aus dem Elektrolyseur (50) zu mindestens einem Stickoxidreduktionskatalysator (23). Supplying hydrogen from the electrolyzer (50) to at least one nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst (23).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the
Gewinnung von Wasser mittels einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 erfolgt.
Recovery of water by means of a device according to one of claims 1 to 10 takes place.
13. Computerprogramm, welches eingerichtet ist, jeden Schritt des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 11 oder 12 durchzuführen. A computer program configured to perform each step of the method of claim 11 or 12.
14. Maschinenlesbares Speichermedium, auf welchem ein 14. Machine-readable storage medium on which a
Computerprogramm nach Anspruch 13 gespeichert ist. Computer program according to claim 13 is stored.
15. Elektronisches Steuergerät, welches eingerichtet ist, um eine 15. Electronic control device, which is set up to a
Stickoxidreduktion mittels eines Verfahrens nach Anspruch 11 oder 12 durchzuführen.
Nitrogen oxide reduction by means of a method according to claim 11 or 12 perform.
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US10054022B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2018-08-21 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust treatment system having membrane module for water removal |
US10941691B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-03-09 | Basf Corporation | On-board vehicle hydrogen generation and use in exhaust streams |
US10961890B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-03-30 | Basf Corporation | On-board vehicle ammonia and hydrogen generation |
US11028749B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-06-08 | Basf Corporation | Hydrogen reductant for catalytic pollution abatement |
US11125133B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-09-21 | Basf Corporation | Hydrogen-assisted integrated emission control system |
US11181028B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-11-23 | Basf Corporation | Ammonia generation system for NOx emission control |
US11199117B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-12-14 | Basf Corporation | Integrated emissions control system |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3366366A1 (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-29 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | System and method for treating the waste gas of combustion devices |
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WO1995003480A1 (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-02-02 | Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Grimma Gmbh (Mag) | Process and device for cleaning exhaust gas of internal combustion engines and motor vehicle provided with such a device |
US6122909A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-09-26 | Lynntech, Inc. | Catalytic reduction of emissions from internal combustion engines |
EP2194248A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2010-06-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Exhaust purification system and exhaust purifying method |
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- 2014-09-02 DE DE102014217450.3A patent/DE102014217450A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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US5272871A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1993-12-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Method and apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides from internal combustion engine |
WO1995003480A1 (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-02-02 | Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Grimma Gmbh (Mag) | Process and device for cleaning exhaust gas of internal combustion engines and motor vehicle provided with such a device |
US6122909A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-09-26 | Lynntech, Inc. | Catalytic reduction of emissions from internal combustion engines |
EP2194248A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2010-06-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Exhaust purification system and exhaust purifying method |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10054022B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2018-08-21 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust treatment system having membrane module for water removal |
US10941691B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-03-09 | Basf Corporation | On-board vehicle hydrogen generation and use in exhaust streams |
US10961890B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-03-30 | Basf Corporation | On-board vehicle ammonia and hydrogen generation |
US11028749B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-06-08 | Basf Corporation | Hydrogen reductant for catalytic pollution abatement |
US11125133B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-09-21 | Basf Corporation | Hydrogen-assisted integrated emission control system |
US11181028B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-11-23 | Basf Corporation | Ammonia generation system for NOx emission control |
US11199117B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2021-12-14 | Basf Corporation | Integrated emissions control system |
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DE102014217450A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
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