WO2016032312A1 - Procédé de construction de toitures ondulées en béton armé - Google Patents

Procédé de construction de toitures ondulées en béton armé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016032312A1
WO2016032312A1 PCT/MX2015/000116 MX2015000116W WO2016032312A1 WO 2016032312 A1 WO2016032312 A1 WO 2016032312A1 MX 2015000116 W MX2015000116 W MX 2015000116W WO 2016032312 A1 WO2016032312 A1 WO 2016032312A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
warped
reinforced concrete
rods
construction process
roofs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2015/000116
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
José Gabriel ZAVALA CASARREAL
Original Assignee
Zavala Casarreal José Gabriel
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Filing date
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Application filed by Zavala Casarreal José Gabriel filed Critical Zavala Casarreal José Gabriel
Publication of WO2016032312A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016032312A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/09—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
    • E04B7/10—Shell structures, e.g. of hyperbolic-parabolic shape; Grid-like formations acting as shell structures; Folded structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels

Definitions

  • a further objective of the present invention is to provide a reinforced concrete roof with Hyperbolic Paraboloid surface.
  • Figure 1. Shows a perspective view of columns that serve, as a practical example, of supports for an insulated roof of reinforced concrete with Hyperbolic Paraboloid surface.
  • Figure 2. Shows a perspective view of the assembly of the elements that make up the support frame.
  • Figure 3a Shows the profile of the area in which some stringers are moved that are fixed with the help of fasteners.
  • Figure 3b Shows, in front view, some elements of different materials that are used as stringers and that are fixed with the help of fasteners.
  • Figure 4. Shows a perspective view of the Lycra assembly on the stringers and the support frame.
  • Figure 5. Shows a perspective view of the application of the resin and fiberglass layers on the Lycra. In addition to the mounting of the enclosure frame.
  • Figure 6.- Shows a perspective view of the upper end bending of the column.
  • Figure 7. It shows an approach to the overlapping and anchoring of the perimeter rods.
  • Figure 8.- Shows the assembly of the steel grid on the formwork.
  • Figure 9. Shows the emptying of the concrete on the steel grid and with the formwork.
  • Figure 10a Shows a cut of the layers that make up the concrete cover.
  • Figure 10b »Shows a cut of the layers that make up the concrete cover, but with a greater number of layers of resin and fiberglass.
  • Figure 11.- Shows the finished reinforced concrete roof.
  • Figure 14.- Shows a perspective view of the assembly of the lower beveling of the slab and the placement of the stringers and fastener.
  • Figure 15.- Shows a perspective view of the lycra assembly for the continuous cover.
  • Figure 16. Shows a perspective view of the application of the resin and fiberglass layers on the Lycra, as well as the mounting of the fencing bar for the construction of the continuous roof.
  • Figure 17.- Shows the assembly of the perimeter rods and the load rods.
  • Figure 18. Shows the assembly of the steel grid on the formwork and the load rods and the perimeter rods.
  • the present invention consists of a construction process of warped reinforced concrete roofs that includes the following stages: 1) Construction of structural supports; The supports can be columns, insulated footings, concrete dies, walls, steel profiles, slabs, beams, beams and other known structural elements (concrete or steel) that have sufficient strength to receive the stresses transmitted by the concrete decks. armed. 2) Mounting a support frame: The support frame is composed of a support structure (polines, stability bars and fasteners) and the frame (stringers). Said elements may be previously manufactured with steel profiles or manufactured in situ with wooden structure, the joining of said elements may be with known means, among which are included; screws, nuts, rivets, pins, staples, nails, etc.
  • Lycra fabric Since the support frame has been assembled, the Lycra fabric is fixed to the frame with the help of known means, including; screws, nuts, rivets, pins, staples, nails, etc., depending on the material used in the support frame (wood or steel).
  • the Lycra fabric should be fixed maximum at every 10 centimeters over the length of each of the support frame stringers and should be stretched to the maximum. To get the warped shape, the Lycra must be stretched to the maximum, always trying not to tear or break it.
  • a fencing frame should be placed that consists of the placement of bars that delimit the surface of the roof to be built and whose function is to prevent runoff of concrete. For this, bars are placed on the perimeter of the stiffened Lycra fabric and fixed on the stringers, making a kind of sandwich and fixed to the stringers with the help of known means, among which are included; nails, screws, nuts, rivets, pins, staples, etc. 6) Place you armed to base da rods and wire rod: Once the formwork is ready, proceed to mount a perimeter rods that are attached and fixed to some anchor rods. The perfmetral rods have the function of supporting the edge forces that appear on the warped concrete decks.
  • a steel grid is placed that serves as reinforcement of the concrete.
  • the steel grid is constructed strip by strip with wire rod and the annealed wire ties are tied, the grid enters the anchoring area and the perimeter rods can be used welding to ensure greater strength. As an extra reinforcement, it can be superimposed on the formwork and under the steel grid, a steel mesh or fabric, which gives greater resistance to the roof.
  • the main characteristics of this construction process are: a) Cover resistance to tension and compression stress. b) Great manipulation of the final shape of the roof. c) Reduction of construction times. d) Reduction of labor. e) Reduction of material used. f) The final construction is monolithic. g) Industrially applicable in housing complexes and urban developments. h) Long life of the roof. 0 Low construction cost. j) Useful in the entire range of architectural configurations and designs.
  • Modality 1 Describes the construction process of an insulated roof. That is, a cover that has been conceived as a unique structure and whose supports are only intended to support it.
  • Modality 2 Describes the construction process of a continuous roof. That is, a roof that is built from existing structures and that serve to anchor and support the roof.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structural supports, in this case columns (1), which serve to displace the roof.
  • the columns (1) are constructed in a conventional manner and are reinforced with a castle made up of steel bars (rods) and rings, the steel bars are called anchor rods (2) and their function is to anchor the offset of the cover.
  • the rod of ajeje (2) is uncooked in the upper part of the column (i), this is so because at least 45 centimeters should be left free that serve to subsequently the perimetral rods (13), tat and overlap and anchor as shown in Figure 7.
  • columns (1) are used in this example, the cover can be displaced from the ground level, using concrete dies.
  • the roof can also be displaced from other known structural elements, including; trabes, steel profiles, beams. footings, pillars, etc., provided that these have been designed to support the roof and have sufficient strength to receive the efforts transmitted by it.
  • the anchor rods (2) For reinforced concrete elements that are used as supports, the anchor rods (2) must be left at least 45 centimeters for overlapping with the perimeter rods (13). If the structural elements used as supports are made of steel, the perimeter rods (13) are welded to said elements. In the event that the roof is displaced in existing elements, the steps described in Modality 2 must be followed.
  • the support frame is placed.
  • the support frame is made up of two structures; the support structure (polines (3), stability bars (4) and fasteners (6)) and the frame (stringers (5)).
  • Figure 2 shows the placement of the support frame.
  • the fasteners (6) are first placed at the upper ends of the columns (1), the fasteners (6) are fixed to the columns (1) with the aid of known fixing means, including; nails for concrete, thymes, pins, wire, etc., this is illustrated in greater detail in Figure 3a and 3b.
  • polines (3) are placed according to the design, figure 2.
  • the polines (3) are fixed to the ground with known fixing means, between the which are included; nail them directly on the ground, fix them with the help of stakes and nails, fix them with a steel base that is screwed to the ground, etc. Subsequently the polines (3) are stabilized with stability bars (4) which, a) Like the polines (3), are fixed to the ground with the known fixing means, which gives them great structural safety.
  • the connection between the polines (3) and the stability bars (4) is made with the known joining means, among which are included; nails, staples, rivets, screws, pins, wire, etc.
  • the relationship between the stringers (5) and the polines (3) is that of transmitting the roof loads to the polines (3) while the concrete sets.
  • the structural elements of the support frame; Fasteners (6), polines (3), stability bars (4) and stringers (5) can be manufactured with wooden structure (boards, planks, bars, struts, sheets, blocks, etc.) or with steel structure (sheet, bars, profiles, plates, floor, channels, etc.).
  • Figure 3b shows the use of some of the materials such as wood and steel profiles in the conception of support frame elements.
  • the lycra fabric (7) is placed, which together with the resin (10 and 12) and the glass fiber (11) form the cover formwork.
  • the assembly of the Lycra fabric (7) can be seen.
  • the Lycra fabric (7) is fixed to the stringers (S) maximum at every 10 centimeters over the length of each of the stringers (S). That is, if the length of the crossbar (5) is two meters, there should be at least twenty fixing points between the Lycra (7) and the crossbar (5).
  • known fixing means are used, including; nails, staples, rivets, pins, screws and nuts, etc.
  • the Lycra fabric (7) should be stretched to the maximum, this, to obtain a uniform wrinkle-free surface, but supervising that the Lycra fabric (7) does not tear or break.
  • the Lycra fabric (7) is fixed in each and every one of the stringers (5) that conform the perimeter of the support frame, always stretching the Lycra (7) to the maximum to obtain the warped surface.
  • the Lycra fabric (7) must be continuous, that is, it must be a single piece of fabric that covers a certain area, in order to obtain a regular surface, although it is possible to join or sew pieces of Lycra fabric (7) covering large areas, as the Lycra fabric (7) allows to cover large spaces thanks to its elasticity.
  • the Lycra fabric (7) is stiffened or hardened to Get the formwork.
  • Lycra (7) is stiffened or hardened with the aid of resin (10 and 12) and fiberglass (11).
  • Figure 5 shows the application of the resin (10 and 12) and the fiberglass (11).
  • the polyester resin (10 and 12) must be prepared with the help of a catalyst (provided by the manufacturer), this to regulate the fast setting of the resin. Having done the above, a first abundant layer of polyester resin (10) is applied to the surface of the Lycra fabric (7), this with the help of a paint brush.
  • Pieces of fiberglass (11) are immediately placed on the resin layer (10) that has been applied to the surface of the Lycra fabric (7).
  • a second layer of resin (12) is applied on the layer formed by the fiberglass pieces (11) .
  • These layers help the Lycra fabric (7) to obtain a considerable stiffness or hardness and thus serve as a formwork. It should be monitored that the second round of resin layers (12) fully moisten the fiberglass (11), to ensure continuity in the rigidity of the formwork.
  • Lycra (7), in conjunction with resin (10 and 12) and fiberglass (11) form the formwork.
  • the curing time of the polyester resin (10 and 12) is a function of the amount of catalyst recommended by the manufacturer.
  • the first resin layer (10) has the function of hardening the Lycra fabric (7). While the fiberglass (11) and the second resin layer (12) has the function of increasing the strength of the formwork.
  • the number of resin layers (10 or 12) can be between two and seven, that is, there must be at least two resin layers (10 and 12). While the number of fiberglass layers (11) can be between one and six, that is, there must be at least one fiberglass layer (11).
  • Figure 10b shows the application of three layers of fiberglass (11) and four layers of polyester resin (10 or 12), being within the limits described above. The limits described are for material saving purposes only, as each person can apply the number of layers of resin (10 0 12) and fiberglass (11) they want.
  • the above serves to increase the thickness of the formwork, always starting with a layer of resin (10) on the Lycra (7) and then a layer of fiberglass (11), then another layer of resin (12) on the fiber of glass (11) and the layers alternate; resin (10o 12), fiberglass (11), resin (10 or 12), fiberglass (11), thus completing the desired number of layers and taking care that it is always finished with a resin layer (10 or 12 ), to moisten the fiberglass (11) and make it harden, tai and as illustrated in figure 10b.
  • the above offers greater thickness and at the same time greater resistance to formwork.
  • FIG. 6 shows the fencing bars (8) that have the function of preventing concrete runoff.
  • the fencing bars (8) are fixed with the help of known means, among which are included; d a vos, wire, pins, screws and nuts, rivets, staples, etc.
  • the fencing bars (8) must have a minimum fencing height of ten centimeters.
  • the fencing frame (composed of fencing bars (8)) must be fixed over the entire support frame, specifically on the stringers (5), in order to enclose the surface of the roof to be constructed, figure 10a.
  • the fencing bars (8) can also be manufactured with a wooden structure (boards, planks, bars, struts, etc.) or with a steel structure (sheet, profiles, channels, etc.).
  • the upper bending (9) of the structural supports is installed, in this case of the column (1).
  • Figure 6 shows the bending (9) that is given to the top of the column (1).
  • Said bending (9) is arranged in a kind of drawer.
  • the function of this bending (9) is to be able to cast the final part of the column (1) (where it displaces the roof), thus obtaining a monolithic union between the column (1) and the roof to be constructed.
  • the formwork (9) of the upper part of the column (1) can be manufactured with a wooden structure (boards, planks, sheets, etc.) or with a steel structure (sheet, plates, screed, etc.).
  • connection between the perimetral rods (13) and the anchor rods (2) can be done with the aid of known joining means, including; welding, annealed wire ties, bends, etc.
  • connection between perimetral rods (13) can be done with said known joining means.
  • the perimetral rods (13) have the basis of resisting edge stresses, typical of warped reinforced concrete roofs, therefore it is the recommendation made before.
  • the steel grid (14) is formed, which is made up of wire rod strips, double strips of annealed wire or electro-welded mesh.
  • Figure 8 shows the assembly of the steel grid (14).
  • the steel grid (14) is constructed on site, with the help of X * wire rod (a quarter of an inch) or with double strips of recoded wire.
  • Each strip of wire rod is fixed at a maximum of every ten centimeters over the length of each of the perimeter rods (13), this with the help of known fixing means, including ios; welding, annealed wire bends, ties, etc., obtaining a kind of electro welded mesh.
  • the moorings of the crossings of the reticle (14) are made with the help of mooring means, including condo; annealed wire, bends, welding, etc.
  • the total surface area of the roof to be constructed must be covered and the anchoring of the steel grid (14) must be checked in each and every one of the perimeter rods (13). If annealed wire is used for the fabrication of the steel grid (14) double strips of recoded wire must be placed for each wire rod that is replaced.
  • electro-welded mesh can be used for the steel grid (14), but it must be supervised that the mesh acquires the shape of the cover, so that it is inside the concrete casting.
  • the concrete mixture (15) can be prepared with known structural fillers, among which are included; sand, gravel, granite, conventional cement, mortar, translucent concrete, transparent resin, water, catalysts, etc.
  • the concrete used to fill the formwork can be conventional concrete, translucent concrete or transparent resins.
  • the concrete mixture (1S) must be manageable but always looking for something "dry *, to prevent its runoff. Whenever the concrete mixture (15) is ready, it is emptied into the surface of the formwork, as shown in figure 9.
  • Figure 10a shows the stiffened Lycra fabric (7) with the help of resin layers (10 and 12) and fiberglass (11). it shows how these are fixed to the stringers (5), so it is also possible to observe the placement of the fencing bars (8) on the already stiffened Lycra (7) and the stringers (5).
  • the concrete mixture (15) must be allowed to set at least 15 days before removing the formwork mold (Lycra (7), resin (10 and 12) and fiberglass (11)), if desired , or you can choose to leave it as part of the structure. However, if the formwork (Lycra fabric (7), resin (10 and 12) and fiberglass (11)) is to be part of the roof, wax or release agent should be applied on the stringers (5 ), so that the formwork does not stick to the stringers (5). Subsequently, the finishes of rigor (resanado, polishing and painting) are given and a finished cover (16) is provided, as illustrated in figure 11. in which the finished cover (16) is shown.
  • the structural elements that will support the roof have been identified, they are prepared to serve as an anchor and the roof is monolithic with them.
  • the slab (17) being formed by a grid of steel bars will serve to displace the roof.
  • the rods that make up said grill serve well as anchor rods (2), because in these, the rods can be anchored (13) that absorb the edge forces.
  • the perimeter rods (13) to the anchor rods (2) of the slab (17) it is necessary to demolish the cutting edge per meter!
  • anchor holes (19) in (a junction area between the wall (18) and the roof there are holes, these are called anchor holes (19) and their function is to allow the anchoring of loading rods (21) and of the perimetral rods (13) as can be seen in Figure 17.
  • the anchoring holes (19) can be made with the aid of known means, including: drill, broken hammer, chisel, mallet, plateau, etc.
  • a support frame is assembled comprising: the necessary fasteners (6), as well as the stringers (5), which in this modality have been divided into two types, wall stringers (5a) and free stringers (Sb).
  • the wall stringers (Sa) are mounted along the lower bed of the junction area between the wall (28) and the cover, figure 14. Its function is to be able to fix the fabric of the wall (7) to it , since it is much easier to fix the Lycra fabric (7) to the wall beam (5a) than to the wall (18) directly, although the option of fixing the Lycra fabric (7) directly to the wall (18) is not ruled out, So it is also considered as an optional step.
  • the mounting of the fasteners (6) on the wall (18) and slab (17) is done with the aid of known fixing means, including ios; nails, screws, pins, wire, etc.
  • the mounting of the wall beam (Sa) is done with the aid of known fixing means, among which are included; nails, screws, pins, wire, etc.
  • the assembly of the free crossbar (5b) is done by placing one of the ends on the fastener (6) that is in the wall (18), which, as described in MODE 1, the fastener (6) prevents the sliding of the free crossbar (Sb).
  • the other end of the free spar (Sb) is leveled with the bottom of the slab (17) and fixed with the aid of known fixing means, including; wire, nails, pins, thymes, etc., the assembly of the mentioned elements can be seen in figure 14.
  • a form (20) of the demolished perimeter edge must be placed, which will also serve to fix the Lycra fabric (7).
  • the formwork (20) of the demolished perimeter edge is fixed to the slab (17) with the aid of known fixing means, including; nails, pins, screws, wire, etc.
  • the fasteners (6), stringers (Sa and Sb) and the formwork (20) of the demolished perimeter edge can be manufactured with a wooden structure (boards, planks, bars, struts, etc.). ) or with steel structure (sheet, profiles, channels, etc.).
  • the lamp (7) is assembled together with the resin (10 and 12) and the fiberglass (11) make up the cover formwork.
  • the assembly of the Lycra fabric (7) can be seen.
  • the Lycra fabric (7) is fixed to the stringers (Sa and Sb) and to the formwork (20) of the demolished perimeter edge, maximum at every 10 centimeters over the length of each of said elements, that is, if the length of any stringer (5a or Sb) is three meters, there must be at least thirty fixing points between the Lycra fabric (7) and the crossbar (Sa or Sb).
  • Lycra fabric (7) To fix the Lycra fabric (7) to the stringers (5a or 5b) and to the formwork (20) of the demolished perimeter edge, known fixing means are used, including those included; nails, staples, rivets, pins, tomos and nuts, etc. Between each of the points to be fixed, the Lycra (7) should be stretched to the maximum, this, to obtain a uniform wrinkle-free surface, but supervising that the Lycra (7) does not tear or break.
  • the Lycra fabric (7) is fixed in each and every one of the stringers (Sa or 5b) and in all the periphery that conforms the formwork (20) of the perimeter edge demolished, always stretching the Lycra (7) to the maximum to obtain the warped surface, figure 15.
  • the Lycra fabric (7) is stiffened or hardened to obtain the formwork.
  • Lycra fabric (7) is hardened with the help of polyester resin (10 and 12) and fiberglass (11).
  • Figure 16 shows the application of the resin (10 and 12) and the fiberglass (11).
  • the polyester resin (10 and 12) must be prepared with the help of a catalyst (provided by the manufacturer), this to regulate the speed of setting of the resin.
  • a first layer of polyester resin (10) is applied to the surface of the Lycra fabric (7), this with the help of a paint brush.
  • Pieces of fiberglass (11) (which has previously been cut into pieces) are immediately placed on the first layer of resin (10) that has already been applied on the surface of the Lycra teia (7). Once the entire Lycra surface (7) has been covered with the fiberglass pieces (11), a second layer of resin (12) is applied on the fiberglass pieces (11). These layers help the Lycra (7) to obtain considerable rigidity and thus serve as a formwork. It should be monitored that the second resin layer (12) fully moisten the fiberglass (11) to ensure continuity in the hardness of the formwork.
  • the first resin layer (10) has the function of stiffening the Lycra fabric (7). While the fiberglass (11) and the second resin layer (12) have the function of increasing the strength of the formwork.
  • the number of resin layers (10 or 12) can be between two and seven, that is, there must be at least two resin layers (10 or 12), while the number of fiberglass layers (11) can be be between one and six, that is, there must be at least one layer of fiberglass (11).
  • Figure 10b of MODE 1 shows the application of three layers of fiberglass (11) and four layers of polyester resin (10 or 12), being within the limits described above.
  • the above serves to increase the thickness of the formwork, always starting with a layer of resin (10) on the Lycra (7) and then a layer of fiberglass (11), then another layer of resin (12) on the fiber of glass (11) and the layers alternate; resin (10 or 12), fiberglass (11), resin (10 or 12), fiberglass (11), thus completing the desired number of layers and taking care that it is always finished with a resin layer (10 or 12), to moisten the fiberglass (11), as illustrated in Figure 10b of MODE 1.
  • the fencing bars (8) are assembled, which in this case is only one.
  • Figure 16 shows the fencing bar (8) fixed on the free crossbar (So), said fencing bar (8) has the function of preventing concrete runoff and that in this case completes the formwork, as the area of junction between the wall (18) and the roof, the demolished perimeter edge of the slab (17) and the fencing bar (8) form a kind of drawer where the concrete will be emptied later.
  • the fencing bar (8) is fixed to the free crossbar (Sb) with the aid of known means, including; nails, wire, pins, screws and nuts, rivets, staples, etc.
  • the fencing bar (8) must have a minimum fencing height of ten centimeters, in addition it can also be manufactured with a wooden structure (boards, planks, bars, struts, etc.) or with a steel structure (sheet, profiles, channels, etc.)
  • the perimeter rods (13) and the load rods (21) are placed, figure 17.
  • the perimeter rods (13) as in MODE 1 goes on the periphery of the roof and its function is to withstand the edge forces, in this case and as shown in Figure 17, only perimeter rods (13) are needed on two edges of the roof, the free edge (stringer Sb) and the edge glued to the wall (18).
  • loading rods (21) that have the function of and ar the structure of the roof cover (18) are also used, this through the insertion of the loading rods (21) in each of the ios anchoring holes (19), figure 13 and figure 17, this to ensure a monolithic joint between the wall (18) and the roof.
  • the steel grid (14) is formed, which is formed by strips. of wire rod, double strips of annealed wire or electro-welded mesh , Figure 18, shows the assembly of the steel grid (14).
  • the grid Steel (14) is constructed on site, with the help of X * wire (a quarter of an inch), with double strips of annealed wire or electro-welded mesh.
  • Each wire strip is fixed at most ten centimeters above the length of each of the perimeter rods (13), and in this case, of the anchor rods (2), this with the help of known fixing means, which include; welding, annealed wire bends, ties, etc., obtaining a kind of electro welded mesh.
  • the ties of the crossings of the grid (14) are made with the aid of known mooring means, among which is included; annealed wire, bends, welding, etc.
  • the total surface area of the roof to be constructed must be covered and the anchor of the steel grid (14) must be checked in each and every one of the perimeter rods (13), as well as in the anchor rods (2) and in the load rods (21).
  • annealed wire for the fabrication of the steel grid (14) double strips of annealed wire should be placed for each wire rod that is replaced.
  • electro-welded mesh can be used for the steel grid (14), but it must be supervised that the mesh acquires the shape of the cover, so that it is inside the concrete casting.
  • the concrete mixture can be prepared with known structural filler materials, including; sand, gravel, granite, conventional cement, mortar, translucent concrete, transparent resin, water, catalysts, etc.
  • the concrete used to fill the formwork can be conventional concrete, translucent concrete or transparent resins.
  • the concrete mixture must be manageable but always looking for something "dry" to remain, to avoid runoff. Whenever the concrete mixture is ready, it is then emptied on the surface of the formwork, it must be rounded in order to supervise that it has a minimum thickness of 6 centimeters, in addition to making sure that it covers the entire surface to the steel grid (14), as this represents the reinforcement of the roof. Subsequently, the concrete must be taped so that it is compacted.
  • the concrete must be allowed to set at least 15 days before removing the formwork mold (Lycra (7), resin (10 and 12) and fiberglass (11)), if desired, or you can opt for Leave it as part of the structure.
  • the formwork (Lycra (7), resin (10 and 12) and fiberglass (11)) is to be part of the roof, wax or release agent should be applied on the stringers (Sa and 5b ), finally that the formwork does not stick to the stringers (5a and 5b).
  • the rigor finishes (resanado, polished and paint) are given and a finished cover (16) is provided, as illustrated in figure 19, which shows the finished cover (16).
  • the Industrial application of the present invention is directly related to the series construction of warped reinforced concrete roofs in urban developments and / or housing developments. As well as with the manufacture of residential and public warped concrete roofs in gardens, parks, terraces, roofs, pavilions, etc.
  • the process that has been described has no limitations in terms of the architectural configuration of the roofs, because obviously, it can be played with the variations in the arrangement of the surfaces, with the variation in the heights, with the distribution of the supports and the space, which is easily adapted to the fabric of tycra and by inertia, the present invention. Therefore, the examples presented in the description do not limit the scope of the present invention, being able to obtain various covers that cover wide spaces.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de construction de toitures en béton armé. Ce procédé permet la fabrication in situ d'un coffrage à base de matières textiles se rigidifiant à l'aide de résines qui, concomitamment, confèrent une stabilité structurale et une esthétique architecturale aux toitures en béton obtenues à partir de celles-ci. Les toitures en béton armé sont construites de manière à couvrir des espaces publics ou privés et confèrent une meilleure plus-value aux structures classiques.
PCT/MX2015/000116 2014-08-29 2015-08-13 Procédé de construction de toitures ondulées en béton armé WO2016032312A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXMX/A/2014/010399 2014-08-29
MX2014010399A MX2014010399A (es) 2014-08-29 2014-08-29 Proceso constructivo de cubiertas alabeadas de concreto armado.

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WO2016032312A1 true WO2016032312A1 (fr) 2016-03-03

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016133378A1 (fr) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-25 Zavala Casarreal José Gabriel Procédé pour la fabrication de couvertures légères et coffrées; et bâti

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232806A (en) * 1961-05-19 1966-02-01 Stanley W Widmer Structural building component and method of making the same
US3757478A (en) * 1972-04-04 1973-09-11 E Pryor Lightweight hyperbolic paraboloid roof structure
US3958375A (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-05-25 Tully Daniel F Prefabricated hyperbolic paraboloid roof
US4137679A (en) * 1977-07-05 1979-02-06 Tully Daniel F Inverted, doubly-curved umbrella, hyperbolic paraboloid shells with structurally integrated upper diaphragm
EP2444560A2 (fr) * 2010-10-20 2012-04-25 Technologiezentrum Ski- und Alpinsport GmbH Structure dotée d'au moins un élément de construction incurvé en béton et procédé de réalisation d'une telle structure
MX2012005127A (es) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-21 Patricio Antonio Perez Tenorio Amaro Construccion de velarias de concreto armado sin cimbra.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232806A (en) * 1961-05-19 1966-02-01 Stanley W Widmer Structural building component and method of making the same
US3757478A (en) * 1972-04-04 1973-09-11 E Pryor Lightweight hyperbolic paraboloid roof structure
US3958375A (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-05-25 Tully Daniel F Prefabricated hyperbolic paraboloid roof
US4137679A (en) * 1977-07-05 1979-02-06 Tully Daniel F Inverted, doubly-curved umbrella, hyperbolic paraboloid shells with structurally integrated upper diaphragm
EP2444560A2 (fr) * 2010-10-20 2012-04-25 Technologiezentrum Ski- und Alpinsport GmbH Structure dotée d'au moins un élément de construction incurvé en béton et procédé de réalisation d'une telle structure
MX2012005127A (es) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-21 Patricio Antonio Perez Tenorio Amaro Construccion de velarias de concreto armado sin cimbra.

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Title
LUSIS VITALIJS: "Formwork with Variable Geometry for Concrete Shells Production Technology", RIGA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, CONCRETE MECHANICS LABORATORY. ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE, vol. 11, 2013, pages 63 - 66, ISSN: 1691-5402, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://zdb.ru.lv/conferences/6/VTR9_II_63.pdf.> *
LUSIS VITALIJS: "Technology for concrete shells fabrication reinforced by glass fibers", RIGA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, 4TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE CIVIL ENGINEERING'13 PROCEEDINGS PART 1, vol. 4, 16 May 2013 (2013-05-16), pages 112 - 116, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://llufb.llu.lv/conference/Civil_engineering/2013/partl/Latvia_CivilEngineering2013Vol4Partl.pdf> *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016133378A1 (fr) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-25 Zavala Casarreal José Gabriel Procédé pour la fabrication de couvertures légères et coffrées; et bâti

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