WO2016030503A1 - Collecteur pour un concentrateur solaire luminescent - Google Patents

Collecteur pour un concentrateur solaire luminescent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016030503A1
WO2016030503A1 PCT/EP2015/069737 EP2015069737W WO2016030503A1 WO 2016030503 A1 WO2016030503 A1 WO 2016030503A1 EP 2015069737 W EP2015069737 W EP 2015069737W WO 2016030503 A1 WO2016030503 A1 WO 2016030503A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
collector
monomer
moles
composition
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PCT/EP2015/069737
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English (en)
Inventor
Marco Apostolo
Luciano Miozzo
Stefano Turri
Gianmarco Enrico Griffini
Elena Molena
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Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A.
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Application filed by Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. filed Critical Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A.
Publication of WO2016030503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016030503A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to a collector for a luminescent solar concentrator, to a process for the manufacture of said collector and to a luminescent solar concentrator comprising said collector.
  • a luminescent solar concentrator typically comprises a collector and, coupled to said collector, at least one photovoltaic cell.
  • the collector is typically an optically transparent sheet made of a composition comprising a polymer and a luminescent compound.
  • a substantial fraction of incident solar radiation is absorbed by the luminescent compound trapped in the collector and unveiled via internal reflection to at least one output surface of said collector.
  • Photovoltaic cells coupled to the output surfaces of the collector then convert the emitted electromagnetic radiation into electric current.
  • Sheets made from polymers such as polycarbonate and poly(methylmethacrylate) are typically used because of their high optical transparency and high refractive index.
  • US 2009/0126778 SABIC INNOVATIVE PLASTICS IP B.V. 20090521 discloses a LSC comprising a primary waveguide and a photovoltaic cell, wherein the primary waveguide is made from a composition comprising a polymer, typically a polycarbonate or an acrylic ester polymer such as poly(methylmethacrylate), and a fluorescent colorant selected from the group consisting of a dye, a pigment and a quantum dot.
  • a polymer typically a polycarbonate or an acrylic ester polymer such as poly(methylmethacrylate)
  • a fluorescent colorant selected from the group consisting of a dye, a pigment and a quantum dot.
  • thermoplastic fluoropolymer composition comprising at least one thermoplastic partially fluorinated polymer, at least one polyacrylate and at least one luminescent compound.
  • the collector of the present invention advantageously shows outstanding optical transparency and haze properties while successfully exhibiting reduced waveguide losses and thus enhanced optical efficiency in the long term.
  • the collector of the present invention advantageously shows outstanding interlayer adhesion properties and good mechanical properties to be suitably used in a luminescent solar concentrator.
  • the present invention pertains to a collector comprising at least one front layer [layer (F)] made of a composition [composition (C)] comprising at least one thermoplastic partially fluorinated polymer [polymer (F)], at least one polyacrylate [polyacrylate (A)] and at least one luminescent compound [compound (L)].
  • the collector of the invention is particularly suitable for use in a luminescent solar concentrator.
  • the layer (F) is typically the outer layer of the collector receiving incident electromagnetic radiation.
  • the collector may further comprise at least one back layer [layer (B)].
  • back layer [layer (B)] is intended to denote the inner layer of the collector.
  • the layer (B) is preferably made of either glass or of a composition comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer.
  • the thermoplastic polymer may be a thermoplastic polymer (F).
  • the collector may also further comprise at least one adhesive layer [layer (A1)] between at least one layer (F) and at least one layer (B).
  • the nature of the material constituting the layer (A1) is not particularly limited provided that said layer (A1) ensures improved adhesion between the layer (F) and the layer (B) of the collector.
  • the layer (A1) is typically made of at least one polymer such as a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the collector preferably consists of: - at least one layer (F), - optionally, at least one layer (B), and - optionally, between said at least one layer (F) and said at least one layer (B), at least one layer (A1).
  • the layer (F) of the collector of the invention typically has a thickness of from 0.01 mm to 1 mm, preferably of from 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the layer (F) of the collector of the invention typically has a thickness of from 0.01 mm to 100 mm, preferably of from 0.01 mm to 10 mm.
  • the collector is typically optically transparent.
  • optically transparent is understood to mean that incident electromagnetic radiation is allowed to pass through a material without being scattered or absorbed.
  • the collector of the invention is advantageously optically transparent to incident electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 200 nm to about 2500 nm, preferably of from about 400 nm to about 800 nm.
  • the collector preferably has a total transmittance of more than 80%, preferably of more than 85%, more preferably of more than 90%, as measured on a collector having a thickness of about 50 ⁇ m according to ASTM D1003 in air.
  • the collector preferably has values of Haze of less than 15%, preferably of less than 10%, more preferably of less than 7%, as measured on a collector having a thickness of about 50 ⁇ m according to ASTM D1003 in air.
  • the layer (F) typically has a refractive index n 1 comprised between 1 and 2.
  • the layer (B) typically has a refractive index n 2 comprised between 1 and 2.
  • the layer (B) preferably has a refractive index n 2 higher than the refractive index n 1 of the layer (F).
  • the layer (A1) typically has a refractive index n 3 comprised between 1 and 2.
  • the collector typically has a refractive index n 4 comprised between 1 and 2.
  • the refractive index can be measured according to any suitable method.
  • the present invention pertains to a luminescent solar concentrator comprising at least one collector and at least one photovoltaic cell.
  • the collector of the luminescent solar concentrator of the invention is advantageously the collector of the present invention.
  • At least one photovoltaic cell of the luminescent solar concentrator of the invention is typically adhered to at least a portion of the collector.
  • the photovoltaic cell is preferably adhered to at least a portion of the collector by means of at least one adhesive layer [layer (A2)].
  • the layer (A2) typically has a refractive index n 5 comprised between 1 and 2.
  • the layer (A2) typically has a refractive index n 5 substantially equal to the refractive index n 4 of the collector.
  • the layer (A2) is typically made of at least one polymer such as a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the layer (A2) is usually made of a polyurethane polymer.
  • the photovoltaic cell typically has an absorption surface receiving electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collector.
  • the plane of the absorption surface of at least one photovoltaic cell of the luminescent solar concentrator is substantially parallel to the plane of the layer (F) of at least one collector.
  • the luminescent solar concentrator typically comprises: - at least one layer (F), - at least one photovoltaic cell, and - between said at least one layer (F) and said at least one photovoltaic cell, at least one layer (A2).
  • the luminescent solar concentrator typically comprises: - at least one layer (F), - at least one layer (B), - at least one photovoltaic cell, and - between said at least one layer (B) and said at least one photovoltaic cell, at least one layer (A2).
  • the collector of this first embodiment of the invention typically has a thickness of from 0.01 mm to 1 mm, preferably of from 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the plane of the absorption surface of at least one photovoltaic cell of the luminescent solar concentrator is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the layer (F) of at least one collector.
  • the collector of this second embodiment of the invention typically has a thickness of from 0.01 mm to 100 mm, preferably of from 0.01 mm to 10 mm.
  • the photovoltaic cell typically comprises at least one semiconductor photoactive layer.
  • semiconductor photoactive layer is intended to denote a layer endowed with photoelectric conversion property and able to perform photovoltaic conversion.
  • the specific materials used for forming such semiconductor photoactive layer include single crystal silicon semiconductor, non-single crystal silicon semiconductor (e.g.
  • a-Si amorphous silicon
  • a-Si amorphous silicon
  • compound semiconductors and junctions such as CuInSe 2 , CuInS 2 , GaAs, CdS/Cu 2 S, CdS/CdTe, CdS/InP, and CdTe/Cu 2 Te
  • organic semiconductors such as polymers and small ⁇ molecule compounds like polyphenylene vinylene, copper phthalocyanine (a blue or green organic pigment) and carbon fullerenes.
  • the semiconductor photoactive layer formed of either of the above semiconductor is typically either a “pn junction” or a “pin junction” or a Schottky junction.
  • the photovoltaic cell may further comprise at least one optically transparent electroconductive layer.
  • the term “electroconductive layer” is intended to denote an upper-side electrode (i.e. an electrode having a light receiving surface).
  • materials suitable for use in the optically transparent electroconductive layer include In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , In 2 O 3 -SnO 2 (ITO), ZnO, TiO 2 , Cd 2 SnO 4 , crystalline semiconductor layers doped with a high concentration of an impurity, like notably fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 :F, or “FTO”), doped zinc oxide (e.g. : ZnO:Al) and flexible organic conductors, like, e.g. carbon nanotube networks embedded in a transparent polymer matrix.
  • ITO In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , In 2 O 3 -SnO 2 (ITO), ZnO, TiO 2 , Cd 2 SnO 4 , crystalline semiconductor layers doped with a high concentration of an impurity, like notably fluor
  • the layer may be formed by resistance-heating vapor deposition, sputtering, spraying, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), impurity diffusion, and like methods.
  • CVD chemical vapour deposition
  • impurity diffusion and like methods.
  • typical polymer processing technologies are also available, including laminating, casting, extrusion and the like.
  • a grid-type collecting electrode may be provided on the optically transparent electroconductive layer in order to efficiently collect the generated current.
  • materials suitable for use in the collecting electrode include Ti, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Ag, Ni, Cu, Sn, and alloys thereof, and an electroconductive paste such as a silver paste.
  • the collecting electrode may be formed by sputtering, resistance heating, and CVD employing a mask pattern; metal film deposition and subsequent etching for patterning; direct grid electrode pattern formation by photo-assisted CVD; formation of a negative pattern mask of the grid electrode and subsequent metal plating; printing with electroconductive paste, bonding of metal wires, and like methods.
  • the electroconductive paste generally includes a dispersion of powder of silver, gold, copper, nickel, carbon or the like in a polymeric binder.
  • the polymeric binder includes polyester resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, alkyd resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, rubbers, urethane resins, and phenol resins. Otherwise, a wire made of a metal such as Cu may be provided on the transparent conductive layer.
  • the photovoltaic cell may also further comprise at least one electroconductive substrate.
  • the metal oxide layer can be formed from ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , In 2 O 3 -SnO 2 (ITO), and the like.
  • the metal layer and the metal oxide layer may be formed by resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, sputtering, or like method.
  • the luminescent solar concentrator is generally equipped with output terminals for extracting photovoltaic current.
  • the output terminals are typically in electric connection with the electroconductive substrate and the collecting electrode, respectively.
  • a metal piece such as a copper tab can be used as output terminal at the electroconductive substrate side, connected to the electroconductive substrate by spot welding or soldering.
  • a metal may be electrically connected to the collecting electrode by means of conductive paste or solder.
  • thermoplastic is understood to mean linear polymers existing, at room temperature, below their glass transition temperature, if they are amorphous, or below their melting point, if they are semi-crystalline. These polymers have the property of becoming soft when they are heated and of becoming rigid again when they are cooled, without there being an appreciable chemical change.
  • Polymer Science Dictionary MARK S.M. ALGER, LONDON, ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE, 19890000, 476
  • the term “partially fluorinated fluoropolymer [polymer (F)]” is intended to denote a polymer comprising, preferably consisting of, recurring units derived from at least one fluorinated monomer [monomer (F)] and, optionally, at least one hydrogenated monomer [monomer (H)], provided that said recurring units comprise at least one hydrogen atom derived from either at least one monomer (F) or at least one monomer (H).
  • fluorinated monomer [monomer (F)] it is hereby intended to denote an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one fluorine atom and, optionally, at least one hydrogen atom.
  • hydrophilic monomer [monomer (H)] it is hereby intended to denote an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one hydrogen atom and free from fluorine atoms.
  • fluorinated monomer is understood to mean that the polymer (F) may comprise recurring units derived from one or more than one fluorinated monomers.
  • fluorinated monomers is understood, for the purposes of the present invention, both in the plural and the singular, that is to say that they denote both one or more than one fluorinated monomers as defined above.
  • the term “at least one hydrogenated monomer” is understood to mean that the polymer (F) may comprise recurring units derived from one or more than one hydrogenated monomers.
  • the expression “hydrogenated monomers” is understood, for the purposes of the present invention, both in the plural and the singular, that is to say that they denote both one or more than one hydrogenated monomers as defined above.
  • the polymer (F) is typically obtainable by polymerization of at least one fluorinated monomer [monomer (F)] and, optionally, at least one hydrogenated monomer [monomer (H)].
  • CF 3 C 2 F 5 , C 3 F 7 ;
  • monomer (F) comprise at least one hydrogen atom, it is designated as hydrogen-containing fluorinated monomer [monomer (FH)].
  • the monomer (F) may further comprise one or more other halogen atoms (Cl, Br, I).
  • the polymer (F) is either a polymer comprising recurring units derived from at least one monomer (FH) and, optionally, at least one monomer (F) different from said monomer (FH) or it is a polymer comprising recurring units derived from at least one monomer (FH), optionally, at least one monomer (F) different from said monomer (FH) and, optionally, at least one monomer (H).
  • the polymer (F) is a polymer comprising recurring units derived from at least one monomer (FX), at least one monomer (H) and, optionally, at least one monomer (F) different from said monomer (FX).
  • the polymer (F) may be amorphous or semi-crystalline.
  • amorphous is hereby intended to denote a polymer (F) having a heat of fusion of less than 5 J/g, preferably of less than 3 J/g, more preferably of less than 2 J/g, as measured according to ASTM D-3418-08.
  • polysemi-crystalline is hereby intended to denote a polymer (F) having a heat of fusion of from 10 to 90 J/g, preferably of from 15 to 80 J/g, more preferably of from 20 to 70 J/g, as measured according to ASTM D3418-08.
  • the polymer (F) is preferably selected from the group consisting of: - polymers (F-1) comprising recurring units derived from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and, optionally, at least one monomer (F) different from VDF, and - polymers (F-2) comprising recurring units derived from at least one monomer (FX) selected from tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), at least one monomer (H) selected from ethylene (E), propylene and isobutylene and, optionally, at least one monomer (F) different from said monomer (FX), typically in an amount of from 0.01% to 30% by moles, based on the total amount of TFE and/or CTFE and said monomer (H).
  • - polymers (F-1) comprising recurring units derived from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and, optionally, at least one monomer (F) different from VDF
  • - polymers (F-2) comprising
  • the polymer (F-1) preferably comprises: (a) at least 60% by moles, preferably at least 70% by moles, more preferably at least 80% by moles of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), and (b) optionally, from 0.1% to 40% by moles, preferably from 0.1% to 30% by moles, more preferably from 0.1% to 20% by moles, based on the total amount of monomers (a) and (b), of at least one monomer (F) selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride (VF 1 ), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and perfluoromethylvinylether (PMVE).
  • VDF vinylidene fluoride
  • PMVE perfluoromethylvinylether
  • the polymer (F-1) may further comprise from 0.1% to 5% by moles, preferably from 0.1% to 3% by moles, more preferably from 0.1% to 1% by moles, based on the total amount of monomers (a) and (b), of at least one monomer (H).
  • the polymer (F-1) is preferably selected from the group consisting of homopolymers of VDF, VDF/TFE copolymers, VDF/TFE/HFP copolymers, VDF/TFE/CTFE copolymers, VDF/TFE/TrFE copolymers, VDF/CTFE copolymers, VDF/HFP copolymers, VDF/TFE/HFP/CTFE copolymers, VDF/TFE/perfluorobutenoic acid copolymers, VDF/TFE/maleic acid copolymers and the like.
  • the polymer (F-1) is more preferably selected from the group consisting of homopolymers of VDF and copolymers of VDF with 0.1% to 10% by moles of a fluorinated comonomer selected from the group consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), hexafluoropropene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and mixtures thereof.
  • CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
  • HFP hexafluoropropene
  • TFE tetrafluoroethylene
  • TrFE trifluoroethylene
  • the polymer (F-1) typically has a melting point of at least 120°C, preferably of at least 135°C, more preferably of at least 150°C.
  • the polymer (F-1) typically has a melting point of at most 190°C, preferably of at most 185°C, more preferably of at most 180°C.
  • the melting point was measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), at a heating rate of 10°C/min, according to ASTM D 3418.
  • the polymer (F-1) typically has a heat of fusion of at least 10 J/g, preferably of at least 20 J/g.
  • the polymer (F-1) typically has a heat of fusion of at most 70 J/g, preferably of at most 40 J/g, more preferably of at most 30 J/g.
  • the heat of fusion was measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), at a heating rate of 10°C/min, according to ASTM D 3418.
  • Polymers (F-2) wherein the monomer (FX) is chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) will be identified herein below as ECTFE copolymers; polymers (F-2) wherein the monomer (FX) is tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) will be identified herein below as ETFE copolymers.
  • CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
  • ETFE tetrafluoroethylene
  • the polymer (F-2) preferably comprises: (a’) from 10% to 90% by moles, preferably from 30% to 70% by moles of at least one monomer (FX) selected from the group consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and (b’) from 10% to 90% by moles, preferably from 30% to 70% by moles, based on the total amount of monomers (a’) and (b’), of ethylene (E).
  • FX chlorotrifluoroethylene
  • TFE tetrafluoroethylene
  • the polymer (F-2) more preferably comprises, even more preferably consists of: (a’) from 50% to 70% by moles, preferably from 53% to 65% by moles of at least one monomer (FX) selected from the group consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and (b’) from 30% to 50% by moles, preferably from 35% to 47% by moles, based on the total amount of monomers (a’) and (b’), of ethylene (E).
  • FX chlorotrifluoroethylene
  • TFE tetrafluoroethylene
  • the polymer (F-2) may further comprise from 0.1% to 30% by moles, preferably from 0.1% to 15% by moles, more preferably from 0.1% to 10% by moles, based on the total amount of monomers (a’) and (b’), of at least one other monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers (F) and monomers (H).
  • Non-limiting examples of monomers (F) suitable for polymers (F-2) include, notably, monomers (F) selected from the group consisting of perfluoroalkylvinylethers, perfluoroalkylethylenes such as perfluorobutylethylene, perfluorodioxoles and vinylidene fluoride.
  • monomers (F) selected from the group consisting of perfluoroalkylvinylethers, perfluoroalkylethylenes such as perfluorobutylethylene, perfluorodioxoles and vinylidene fluoride.
  • R 2 optionally contains one or more functional groups, preferably selected from the group consisting of OH, COOH, epoxide, ester and ether groups. R 2 may optionally contain double bonds.
  • R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms containing hydroxyl functional groups and n is an integer in the range of from 0 to 5.
  • Most preferred monomers (H) suitable for polymers (F-2) are selected from the group consisting of the acrylic monomers of formula (H-2) as defined above.
  • End chains, defects or minor amounts of monomer impurities leading to recurring units different from those above mentioned can be still comprised in the preferred ECTFE, without affecting properties of the material.
  • the polymer (F-2) typically has a melting point of at least 120°C, preferably of at least 130°C, more preferably of at least 140°C, even more preferably of at least 150°C.
  • the polymer (F-2) typically has a melting point of at most 210°C, preferably of at most 200°C, more preferably of at most 195°C, even more preferably of at most 190°C.
  • the melting point was measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), at a heating rate of 10°C/min, according to ASTM D 3418.
  • the polymer (F-2) typically has a heat of fusion of at least 1 J/g, preferably of at least 2 J/g, more preferably of at least 5 J/g.
  • the heat of fusion was measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), at a heating rate of 10°C/min, according to ASTM D 3418.
  • the polymer (F-2) typically has a melt flow rate of from 0.01 to 75 g/10 min, preferably of from 0.1 to 50 g/10 min, more preferably of from 0.5 to 30 g/10 min.
  • Non-limiting examples of organic compounds (L-O) typically include polycyclic aromatic compounds.
  • composition (C) may comprise one or more additives selected from the group consisting of UV blockers, fillers, lubricating agents, heat stabilizers, anti-static agents, acid scavengers, flame-retardants, smoke-suppressing agents and metal or semi-metal compounds in the form of nanoparticles.
  • the layer provided in step (iii) of the process of this first embodiment of the invention is advantageously the layer (F) of the collector of the present invention.
  • composition (C) is typically processed into a layer in molten phase such as extrusion and moulding.
  • step (ii) of the process of this second embodiment of the invention is advantageously the layer (F) of the collector of the present invention.
  • the process of the invention typically comprises bonding at least a portion of the layer (F) of at least one collector with at least one photovoltaic cell.
  • the LSC devices were subjected to weathering tests under continuous Xenon light illumination in a weather-o-meter chamber (Solarbox 3000e, Cofomegra S.r.l.) equipped with an outdoor filter cutting all wavelengths below 280 nm, according to ISO 11341:2004(E).
  • the total irradiance during the weathering test was approximately 100 mW cm -2 (55 mW cm -2 in the 300-800 nm wavelength range), as measured by means of a power-meter with a thermopile sensor (Ophir).
  • the UV-light irradiance level in the 295-400 nm range was 5 mW cm -2 , as measured by means of a UV-photodiode.
  • the relative humidity and the working temperature inside the testing chamber were constant and measured to be 20% and 38°C, respectively.
  • the LSC devices were periodically taken out of the weather-o-meter chamber for PV characterization, as described in the next section.
  • the PMMA-based LSC device disadvantageously loses about 30% of its initial optical efficiency [ ⁇ opt ] after 1000 h of weathering.
  • gelification of the P(VDF-CTFE) copolymer disadvantageously occurs at a P(VDF-CTFE):PMMA weight ratio of 2:98 by adding an excessive amount of PMMA in toluene so that it is not possible to process the mixture so obtained into a film.
  • the term “gelification” is intended to denote a process wherein liquid substances are precipitated as solids thereby providing cloudy solutions showing gelling behaviour.
  • the film was then thermal treated at 110°C to obtain a uniform coating.
  • One silicon PV cell (IXOLARTM High Efficiency SolarBIT by IXYS) was attached to one edge of the transparent waveguide by means of an ethyl vinyl acetate strip to form a LSC device.
  • the device was subjected to 500 h of weathering in a QUVB chamber according to ISO 4892-3 standard (method C).
  • the PV response of the P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA-based LSC device was measured at the beginning and the end of the test and the relative variation of the optical efficiency [ ⁇ opt ] was monitored during weathering time. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • the P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA-based LSC devices fully retain their initial optical efficiency [ ⁇ opt ] even after 500 h of weathering.
  • the presence of the P(VDF-HFP) copolymer in the blend significantly improves the weatherability of the LSC device as compared to the PMMA-based LSC device.
  • By increasing the weight content of the P(VDF-HFP) copolymer a sharp improvement in the durability of the LSC is found.
  • the optical efficiency [ ⁇ opt ] of the LSC device at 500 h is higher than that at 0 h.

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un collecteur pour un concentrateur solaire luminescent, ledit collecteur comprenant au moins une couche frontale [couche (F)] constituée d'une composition [composition (C)] comprenant au moins un polymère thermoplastique partiellement fluoré [polymère (F)], au moins un polyacrylate [polyacrylate (A)] et au moins un composé luminescent [composé (L)]. La présente invention concerne en outre un procédé pour la fabrication dudit collecteur et un concentrateur solaire luminescent comprenant ledit collecteur.
PCT/EP2015/069737 2014-08-29 2015-08-28 Collecteur pour un concentrateur solaire luminescent WO2016030503A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14182758.4 2014-08-29
EP14182758.4A EP2991123A1 (fr) 2014-08-29 2014-08-29 Collecteur d'un concentrateur solaire luminescent

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016030503A1 true WO2016030503A1 (fr) 2016-03-03

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PCT/EP2015/069737 WO2016030503A1 (fr) 2014-08-29 2015-08-28 Collecteur pour un concentrateur solaire luminescent

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2991123A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016030503A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010111415A2 (fr) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Concentrateur solaire à points quantiques
WO2012015980A2 (fr) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Concentrateur d'énergie solaire luminescent
WO2012021460A2 (fr) * 2010-08-07 2012-02-16 Michael Eugene Young Composants de dispositifs comprenant des additifs incorporés en surface et procédés de fabrication correspondants
EP2578075A1 (fr) * 2010-05-28 2013-04-10 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Film de conversion de longueur d'onde
EP2623314A1 (fr) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-07 Universiteit Twente Module photovoltaïque encapsulé

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8324497B2 (en) 2007-11-20 2012-12-04 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Luminescent solar concentrators

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010111415A2 (fr) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Concentrateur solaire à points quantiques
EP2578075A1 (fr) * 2010-05-28 2013-04-10 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Film de conversion de longueur d'onde
WO2012015980A2 (fr) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Concentrateur d'énergie solaire luminescent
WO2012021460A2 (fr) * 2010-08-07 2012-02-16 Michael Eugene Young Composants de dispositifs comprenant des additifs incorporés en surface et procédés de fabrication correspondants
EP2623314A1 (fr) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-07 Universiteit Twente Module photovoltaïque encapsulé

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