WO2016026210A1 - 一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器 - Google Patents

一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016026210A1
WO2016026210A1 PCT/CN2014/089622 CN2014089622W WO2016026210A1 WO 2016026210 A1 WO2016026210 A1 WO 2016026210A1 CN 2014089622 W CN2014089622 W CN 2014089622W WO 2016026210 A1 WO2016026210 A1 WO 2016026210A1
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electromagnet
circuit breaker
contact
power frequency
frequency current
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PCT/CN2014/089622
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李欣
曾繁其
范自雄
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厦门大恒科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2016026210A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016026210A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/121—Protection of release mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of circuit breakers, and in particular to a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking power frequency current.
  • Lightning is a special weather phenomenon caused by the discharge of charged clouds in the air. It is an important cause of damage to electronic equipment. It threatens electronic information systems in various fields such as post and telecommunications, electricity, railways, airports, petrochemicals, industrial control, and military. Safe and stable operation. Installing a surge protector (SPD) on a metal line such as a power line, a signal line, and a control line connected to an electronic device is one of the important measures for lightning protection.
  • SPD surge protector
  • the fire accident and lightning protection accident scene analysis and laboratory verification the fire accident is caused by the power transient overvoltage fault causing the power frequency current to flow into the SPD to cause a fire (continuous power energy causes the SPD to burn rapidly), lightning protection failure Most of the accidents are caused by the SPD being disconnected from the protection circuit (the lightning current causes the SPD backup overcurrent protection device to malfunction).
  • the power supply SPD is required to install a backup overcurrent protection device.
  • the purpose is that when the SPD has a metallic short circuit fault, the overcurrent protection device can quickly cut off the circuit, avoiding the over-the-counter tripping of the protection switch, causing a large area power failure of the power supply system.
  • Another function is to prevent the abnormal rise of the voltage in the power supply system, causing the SPD to start flowing into the power frequency current.
  • SPD backup overcurrent protection is used for fuses or circuit breakers.
  • an abnormal fault occurs in the power supply system (such as N line disconnection)
  • the voltage rises, causing the SPD to start to flow into the power frequency current, due to the grounding resistance and The function of the SPD on-resistance, the power supply current through the SPD often does not reach the fast-break value of the fuse and the circuit breaker, causing the SPD to ignite and burn;
  • the fuse is designed to protect the passing current by the body resistance to achieve the purpose of protection, and the fuse is not blown under the impact of lightning current (Imax or Iimp), which requires the fuse Ir 2 t (actual melting heat value) must be Less than If 2 t (nominal melting heat value).
  • the material of the fuse determines the fuse blowing temperature, the melting speed, and the ability to selectively fuse the current. For the lightning current and the power frequency, the energy of the Ir 2 t (actual melting heat energy) will be melted. The characteristics determine that the fuse cannot meet the requirement that the lightning current is not blown and the fuse is quickly blown by a small power frequency current.
  • the backup over-current protection device can prevent the SPD from igniting by preventing the lightning protection from being continuously effective when the lightning current is passed through the power supply.
  • the parameters of the fuses and circuit breakers cannot be coordinated with the SPD, and it has always been a problem that is difficult to solve in the lightning protection industry. 2009
  • the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is responsible for drafting and revising the SPD Standard.
  • Subcommittee 37A (SC37A) established the 12th Task Force (Task Force12) at the Viana Conference in Austria to study the cooperation of fuses, circuit breakers and SPDs. . Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a parametric miniature circuit breaker that blocks the power frequency current.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking power frequency current, which can solve the problem that the lightning current is not disturbed when passing the lightning current, and is instantaneously solved by the power frequency current of the power source.
  • the present invention provides a parametric miniature circuit breaker that blocks a power frequency current, including a trip mechanism, a moving contact, and a static contact, and further includes a current sensor and an electromagnet.
  • a contact and a static contact are disposed on a main circuit of the parametric miniature circuit breaker, the current sensor detecting a current of the main circuit, the electromagnet comprising an electromagnet coil and a moving iron core, the electromagnet coil and the The current sensor is connected, and the tripping mechanism is interlocked with the movable contact.
  • the moving iron core is actuated, the moving iron core strikes the tripping mechanism, and the tripping mechanism completes the tripping, so that the moving contact and the stationary contact are The contact state changes to a separated state.
  • the tripping time of the tripping mechanism is not less than 5 ms, the duration of the lightning current passing through the main circuit is less than the tripping time of the tripping mechanism, and the duration of the power frequency current through the main circuit is greater than the tripping of the tripping mechanism time.
  • the electromagnet further includes a return spring for returning the moving iron core to the position before the action.
  • the parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking the power frequency current further comprises an operating mechanism, a wiring inlet terminal, a soft copper wire, a wiring outlet terminal, a closing wrench and an arc extinguishing device, wherein the movable contact and the wiring outlet terminal pass through the soft A copper wire is connected, and the closing wrench is interlocked with the tripping mechanism by the operating mechanism, and the arc extinguishing device includes an arc extinguishing grid for extinguishing an arc generated between the stationary contact and the movable contact.
  • the invention also provides a second parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking power frequency current, comprising a trip mechanism, a moving contact and a static contact, and further comprising a discharge gap and an electromagnet, the electromagnet comprising an electromagnet coil and a moving magnet a core, the movable contact, the static contact and the electromagnet coil are disposed on a main circuit of the parametric miniature circuit breaker, the discharge gap is connected in parallel at the two ends of the electromagnet coil, and the trip mechanism and the movable contact When the moving iron core is actuated, the movable iron core strikes the tripping mechanism, and after the tripping mechanism completes the tripping, the movable contact and the static contact are changed from the contact state to the separated state.
  • the breakdown voltage of the discharge gap is smaller than the induced voltage generated by the lightning current across the coil of the electromagnet.
  • the induced voltage generated at the two ends of the electromagnet is higher than the breakdown voltage of the discharge gap, and the lightning current goes through the gap channel; when the power frequency current arrives, the induced voltage generated at both ends of the electromagnet is lower than the discharge.
  • the gap breakdown voltage, the discharge gap is not turned on, and the current is driven by the magnet coil.
  • the electromagnet further includes a return spring for returning the moving iron core to the position before the action.
  • the parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking the power frequency current further comprises an operating mechanism, a wiring inlet terminal, a soft copper wire, a wiring outlet terminal, a closing wrench and an arc extinguishing device, wherein the movable contact and the wiring outlet terminal pass through the soft A copper wire is connected, and the closing wrench is interlocked with the tripping mechanism by the operating mechanism, and the arc extinguishing device includes an arc extinguishing grid for extinguishing an arc generated between the stationary contact and the movable contact.
  • the first principle of the parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking the power frequency current of the present invention is that the current sensor sends the collected current signal to the electromagnet.
  • the moving iron core starts. Movement, impact tripping mechanism; 2
  • the tripping mechanism completes the tripping and disconnects the circuit; 4 regardless of the magnitude of the lightning current, each lightning current in the natural world is flashed for the first time from the generation to the end. And subsequent multiple counterattacks, each pulse lasts for a microsecond.
  • the first parametric miniature circuit breaker that blocks the power frequency current is characterized by the short duration of the lightning current, which selectively passes the lightning current, and the duration of the circuit in the circuit breaker exceeds the tripping mechanism. The power frequency current of the trip time is blocked.
  • the second principle of the parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking the power frequency current of the present invention is that the induced voltage of the 1 inductor is proportional to the time change rate of the current through the inductor; 2 the rate of change of the lightning current with respect to time is in the microsecond range.
  • the lightning current rapidly generates an induced voltage greater than the breakdown voltage of the discharge gap at both ends of the electromagnet coil, and the discharge gap is broken and turned on; 3 after the discharge gap is turned on, only the arc voltage of 10-20V is maintained at both ends, this The voltage can not make the electromagnet act; 4 lightning current breaks through the discharge gap and the duration of the circuit passing through the circuit is in the microsecond level, which is much smaller than the electromagnet action time; 5 the power frequency current change rate is in the millisecond level, which is generated at the two ends of the electromagnet coil.
  • the second parametric miniature circuit breaker that blocks the power frequency current uses the characteristic that the rate of change of the lightning current and the power frequency current is different, and the induced voltage generated at the two ends of the electromagnet coil is different.
  • the breakdown discharge gap selectively passes the lightning current, and the current that can not generate the breakdown voltage at both ends of the inductor is blocked. That is to say, the magnitude of the induced voltage generated by the different currents through the inductance of the electromagnet coil is higher or lower than the breakdown voltage of the discharge gap, which determines whether the electromagnet operates.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1 the first type of miniature circuit breaker that blocks the power frequency current utilizes the characteristic that the lightning current lasts for a short time, and the second parameter miniature circuit breaker utilizes the lightning current for the time. The high rate of change, the lightning current can pass smoothly, so that the lightning current does not malfunction, so that the lightning protection continues to be effective, SPD can normally discharge the lightning current; 2 block the power frequency current, avoid the heat of the lightning protection component The SPD catches fire, improving the safety and stability of the circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking a power frequency current in a closed state by a sensor and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking a power frequency current in a closed state by a sensor and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking a power frequency current in a state of being opened by a sensor and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a parametric micro-circuit breaker for blocking a power frequency current in an open state by a sensor and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a current selective pass control assembly formed by a sensor and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking a power frequency current in a closing state composed of a discharge gap and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking a power frequency current in a closed state composed of a discharge gap and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking a power frequency current in an open state by a discharge gap and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking a power frequency current in an open state by a discharge gap and an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a current selective pass control assembly composed of a discharge gap and an electromagnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reference numerals in the figure correspond to: 1-wired terminal, 2-electromagnet, 3-closed wrench, 4-operating mechanism, 5-tripping mechanism, 6-wire terminal, 7-soft copper wire, 8- Moving contact, 9-arc grid, 10-static contact, 11-current sensor, 12-discharge gap.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a first parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking power frequency current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the parametric miniature circuit breaker includes a tripping mechanism 5
  • the movable contact 8 and the stationary contact 10 further include a current sensor 11 and an electromagnet 2, and the movable contact 8 and the static contact 10 are disposed on a main circuit of the parametric miniature circuit breaker, and the current sensor 11 detects the Current of the main circuit
  • the electromagnet 2 includes an electromagnet coil and a moving iron core
  • the electromagnet coil is connected to the current sensor 11
  • the trip mechanism 5 is interlocked with the movable contact 8 to move the moving core
  • the moving iron core hits the tripping mechanism 5, and after the tripping mechanism 5 completes the tripping, the movable contact 8 and the stationary contact 10 are changed from the contact state to the separated state.
  • the static contact 10 is connected to the sensor 11, the trip mechanism 5 is interlocked with the movable contact 8, and when the movable iron core hits the trip mechanism 5, the trip mechanism 5 When the trip is completed, the movable contact 8 and the static contact 10 are separated from the segmentation circuit, otherwise the movable contact 8 and the fixed contact 10 are in contact with the conduction circuit.
  • the tripping time of the trip mechanism 5 is 5 ms, and the current detection data of natural lightning indicates that the lightning current continues from the occurrence to the end, from the first lightning to the multiple counterattack, and each lightning current pulse lasts for a while.
  • the microsecond level so the duration of the lightning current through the main circuit must be less than the trip time of the trip mechanism 5, and the power frequency current lasts in the main circuit is greater than the trip of the trip mechanism 5
  • the time is greater than 5ms.
  • the electromagnet 2 further includes a static iron core and a return spring for returning to the position before the action after the movable iron core is operated, and the electromagnet coil is wound around the static iron core.
  • the parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking the power frequency current further includes an operating mechanism 4, a wiring inlet terminal 1, a soft copper wire 7, a wiring outlet terminal 6, a closing wrench 3, and an arc extinguishing device, and the movable contact 8 and the The wiring outlet terminal 6 is connected by a soft copper wire 7 , and the closing wrench 3 is interlocked with the tripping mechanism 5 through the operating mechanism 4 , and the closing of the closing wrench 3 can block the power frequency current to make the circuit
  • the arc extinguishing means is disposed adjacent to the movable contact 8 and the stationary contact 10, the arc extinguishing means including an arc for extinguishing an arc generated between the fixed contact 10 and the movable contact 8.
  • FIG. 6 to FIG. 9 are schematic structural diagrams of a second type of parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking power frequency current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the parametric miniature circuit breaker includes a tripping mechanism 5 and a moving mechanism.
  • the contact 8 and the static contact 10 further include a discharge gap 12 and an electromagnet 2,
  • the electromagnet 2 includes an electromagnet coil and a moving iron core, and the movable contact 8, the static contact 10 and the electromagnet coil are disposed at
  • the discharge gap 12 is connected in parallel at the two ends of the electromagnet coil, and the trip mechanism 5 is interlocked with the movable contact 8.
  • the moving iron core acts, the moving iron core collides.
  • the static contact 10 is connected to the discharge gap 12, and the static contact 10 and the electromagnet 2 are also Connected, the trip mechanism 5 is interlocked with the movable contact 8.
  • the trip mechanism 5 completes the tripping while the movable contact 8 and the stationary contact 10 are The segmentation circuit is separated, otherwise the movable contact 8 and the fixed contact 10 contact the conduction circuit.
  • the breakdown voltage of the discharge gap 12 is smaller than the induced voltage generated by the lightning current at the two ends of the electromagnet coil.
  • the induced voltage generated by the electromagnet coil is higher than the breakdown voltage of the discharge gap 12, so The discharge gap 12 is broken through conduction discharge, and the arc voltage across the discharge gap 12 is only 10-20V. This voltage is very low, and the duration is in the microsecond level.
  • the electromagnet core cannot be operated, and the lightning current reaches the discharge gap.
  • the tripping time of the tripping mechanism 5 is not less than 5 ms.
  • the tripping time of the tripping mechanism 5 is 10 ms, and the lightning current penetrates the discharging gap 12 The time passing through the main circuit is less than the trip time of the trip mechanism 5, and the duration in which the power frequency current cannot break through the discharge gap 12 through the electromagnet is greater than the trip time of the trip mechanism 5, that is, greater than 10 ms.
  • the electromagnet 2 further includes a static iron core and a return spring for returning to the position before the action after the movable iron core is operated, and the electromagnet coil is wound around the static iron core.
  • the parametric miniature circuit breaker for blocking the power frequency current further includes an operating mechanism 4, a wiring inlet terminal 1, a soft copper wire 7, a wiring outlet terminal 6, a closing wrench 3, and an arc extinguishing device, and the movable contact 8 and the The wiring outlet terminal 6 is connected by a soft copper wire 7 , and the closing wrench 3 is interlocked with the tripping mechanism 5 through the operating mechanism 4 , and the closing of the closing wrench 3 can block the power frequency current to make the circuit
  • the arc extinguishing means is disposed adjacent to the movable contact 8 and the stationary contact 10, the arc extinguishing means including an arc for extinguishing an arc generated between the fixed contact 10 and the movable contact 8.
  • the invention utilizes the characteristic that the lightning current lasts for a short time or utilizes the characteristic that the lightning current has a high rate of change of time, and designs two kinds of parametric miniature circuit breakers for blocking the power frequency current, which can achieve the lightning current without being disturbed. Lightning protection continues to be effective; blocking power frequency currents to avoid SPD fire accidents, greatly improving the safety and stability of lightning protection circuits.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，包括脱扣机构（5）、动触头（8）及静触头（10），动/静触头设置在断路器的主电路上，脱扣机构与动触头联动，还包括检测主电路电流的电流传感器（11）和电磁铁（2），电磁铁包括电磁铁线圈和动铁芯，电磁铁线圈与电流传感器相连。另一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器还包括放电间隙（12）和电磁铁，电磁铁包括电磁铁线圈和动铁芯，电磁铁线圈连接在主电路中，放电间隙与电磁铁线圈并联。以上任一断路器工作中当动铁芯动作时，动铁芯撞击脱扣机构，脱扣机构脱扣的同时分离动、静触头。该参量微型断路器可以选择性在通过雷电流时不误动，在通过工频电流时则脱扣阻止电涌保护器（SPD）起火，实现对电源电涌保护器（SPD）的过流保护。

Description

一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器 技术领域
本发明涉及断路器领域，尤其涉及一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器。
背景技术
雷电是由带电的云在空中放电导致的一种特殊的天气现象，是造成电子设备损坏的重要原因，它威胁邮电通讯、电力、铁道、机场、石化、工控、军事等各个领域电子信息系统的安全稳定运行。在与电子设备连接的电源线、信号线以及控制线等金属线路上安装电涌保护器(SPD)是雷电防护的重要措施之一。
随着SPD的大量使用，SPD火灾事故和雷电防护失效的问题凸显了起来，给国家和企业造成了很大的经济损失。根据SPD发生的火灾事故和防雷失效事故现场分析及实验室验证：火灾事故是由电源暂态过电压故障使工频电流流入SPD引发火灾(持续的电源能量使SPD迅速燃烧)，防雷失效事故大多数是SPD脱离了保护线路造成(雷电流使SPD后备过流保护装置误动作)。
规范中要求电源SPD安装后备过流保护装置，目的是当SPD出现金属性短路故障时，过流保护装置能够迅速切断电路，避免保护开关出现越级脱扣，造成电源系统大面积断电。另外一个作用是防止电源系统出现电压异常升高导致SPD启动流入工频电流起火。
国内外用于SPD后备过流保护使用的是熔断器或断路器，当电源系统出现异常故障(如N线断开)导致电压升高，使SPD启动导通流入工频电流时，由于接地电阻和SPD导通电阻的作用，通过SPD的电源电流往往达不到熔断器、断路器的速断值，致使SPD起火燃烧；
熔断器是通过体电阻对通过的电流产生焦耳热熔断达到保护目的，预使熔断器在雷电流冲击下(Imax或Iimp)不熔断，这就要求熔断器Ir2t(实际熔化热能值)必须小于If2t(公称熔化热能值)。熔断器的材质决定了熔断体熔断温度、熔断速度，对电流性质没有选择性熔断的能力，对于雷电流和工频电流只要达到相等的Ir2t(实际熔化热能值)能量均会熔断，这个特性决定了熔断器不能同时满足通过雷电流不熔断、通过不大的工频电流迅速熔断的要求。
当过流保护装置的速断值选择偏小时，满足了工频电流速断保护，但雷电冲击电流又会造成误断切断了雷电保护电路，使电源失去防雷保护。后备过流保护装置通过雷电流时不误动才能使防雷持续有效、通过电源工频电流时动作，才能达到保护SPD不起火的目的。现有技术中熔断器、断路器的参数不能与SPD协调配合，一直是防雷行业难以解决的问题。2009 年国际电工委员会(IEC)负责起草和修订SPD标准第37A分委会(SC37A)在奥地利维亚纳会议上成立第12课题组(Task Force12)，专门研究熔断器、断路器与SPD的配合问题。因此，研发一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器显得尤为重要。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足，本发明目的是：提供一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，该断路器使通过雷电流时不误动，通过电源工频电流时瞬动，彻底解决断路器参数与SPD配套的问题。
为了解决背景技术中的技术问题，本发明提供了一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，包括脱扣机构、动触头及静触头，还包括电流传感器和电磁铁，所述动触头和静触头设置在参量微型断路器的主电路上，所述电流传感器检测所述主电路的电流，所述电磁铁包括电磁铁线圈和动铁芯，所述电磁铁线圈与所述电流传感器相连，脱扣机构与所述动触头联动，当动铁芯动作时，所述动铁芯撞击脱扣机构，所述脱扣机构完成脱扣后使动触头与静触头由接触状态变为分离状态。
所述脱扣机构的脱扣时间不小于5ms，雷电流通过主电路的持续时间小于所述脱扣机构的脱扣时间，工频电流通过主电路的持续时间大于所述脱扣机构的脱扣时间。
所述电磁铁还包括用于使动铁芯动作后恢复至动作前所在位置的回位弹簧。
所述阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器还包括操作机构、接线进端子、软铜线、接线出端子、合闸扳手及灭弧装置，所述动触头与所述接线出端子通过软铜线连接，所述合闸扳手通过所述操作机构与所述脱扣机构联动，所述灭弧装置包括用于熄灭静触头和动触头之间产生的电弧的灭弧栅片。
本发明还提供了第二种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，包括脱扣机构、动触头及静触头，还包括放电间隙和电磁铁，所述电磁铁包括电磁铁线圈和动铁芯，所述动触头、静触头及电磁铁线圈设置在参量微型断路器的主电路上，所述放电间隙并联在所述电磁铁线圈两端，脱扣机构与所述动触头联动，当动铁芯动作时，所述动铁芯撞击脱扣机构，所述脱扣机构完成脱扣后使动触头与静触头由接触状态变为分离状态。
所述放电间隙的击穿电压小于雷电流在所述电磁铁线圈两端产生的感生电压。当雷电流到来时，在电磁铁两端产生的感生电压高于放电间隙击穿电压，雷电流走放电间隙通道；当工频电流到来时，电磁铁两端产生的感生电压低于放电间隙击穿电压，放电间隙不导通，电流走电磁铁线圈而动作。
所述电磁铁还包括用于使动铁芯动作后恢复至动作前所在位置的回位弹簧。
所述阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器还包括操作机构、接线进端子、软铜线、接线出端子、合闸扳手及灭弧装置，所述动触头与所述接线出端子通过软铜线连接，所述合闸扳手通过所述操作机构与所述脱扣机构联动，所述灭弧装置包括用于熄灭静触头和动触头之间产生的电弧的灭弧栅片。
本发明的第一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的原理是①电流传感器将采集的电流信号送到电磁铁中，当电磁铁采集的信号幅值达到动作值时，动铁芯开始运动，撞击脱扣机构；②在现有技术中，从撞击脱扣机构到脱扣机构完成脱扣需要5ms以上的脱扣时间，如果在这脱扣过程中电流结束，那么脱扣机构无法完成脱扣；③如果在上述脱扣过程中电流持续存在，那么脱扣机构完成脱扣，分断电路；④不管雷电流大小如何，自然界中每次雷电流从产生到结束的过程中，首次接闪和后续的多次反击，每个脉冲持续的时间都在微秒级。综上，第一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器是利用雷电流持续的时间短暂这一特性，对雷电流进行选择性通过，而对在断路器电路中的持续时间超过脱扣机构脱扣时间的工频电流等实现阻断。
本发明的第二种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的原理是①电感的感生电压与通过电感的电流的时间变化率成正比；②雷电流对于时间的变化率在微秒级，雷电流迅速在电磁铁线圈两端产生大于放电间隙击穿电压的感生电压，放电间隙被击穿导通；③放电间隙击穿导通后，两端只维持10-20V的电弧电压，这个电压不能使电磁体动作；④雷电流击穿放电间隙而通过电路的持续时间在微秒级，远小于电磁铁动作时间；⑤工频电流变化速率在毫秒级，在电磁铁线圈两端产生的感生电压不足以击穿放电间隙，工频电流通过电磁铁，动铁芯发生动作；⑥工频电流通过断路器电路中的持续时间大于脱扣机构需要的脱扣时间，从而分断电路。综上，第二种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器是利用雷电流和工频电流对于时间的变化率不一样的这一特性，在电磁铁线圈两端产生的感生电压不同，利用击穿放电间隙对雷电流进行选择性通过，而对工频电流等无法在电感两端产生达到击穿值电压的电流实现阻断。就是说不同的电流通过电磁铁线圈电感对两种电流的变化率产生的感生电压大小，是高于还是低于放电间隙的击穿电压，决定了电磁铁是否动作。
采用上述技术方案，本发明具有如下有益效果：①第一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器利用雷电流持续的时间短暂这一特性，第二种参量微型断路器利用雷电流对于时间的变化率高这一特性，雷电流可以顺利通过，从而起到雷电流不误动作，使防雷保护持续有效，SPD能够正常泄放雷电流；②阻断工频电流，避免防雷元件发热导致的SPD起火，提高了电路的安全性和稳定性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的通过传感器与电磁铁配合组成的合闸状态下阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的通过传感器与电磁铁配合组成的合闸状态下阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的剖面图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的通过传感器与电磁铁配合组成的分闸状态下阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的通过传感器与电磁铁配合组成的分闸状态下阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的剖面图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的通过传感器与电磁铁配合组成的电流选择性通过控制组件的示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的通过放电间隙和电磁铁配合组成的合闸状态下阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的通过放电间隙和电磁铁配合组成的合闸状态下阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的剖面图；
图8是本发明实施例提供的通过放电间隙和电磁铁配合组成的开闸状态下阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的示意图；
图9是本发明实施例提供的通过放电间隙和电磁铁配合组成的开闸状态下阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的剖面图；
图10是本发明实施例提供的通过放电间隙和电磁铁配合组成的电流选择性通过控制组件的示意图。
图中附图标记对应为：1-接线进端子，2-电磁铁，3-合闸扳手，4-操作机构，5-脱扣机构，6-接线出端子，7-软铜线，8-动触头，9-灭弧栅片，10-静触头，11-电流传感器，12-放电间隙。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发 明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：图1至4为本发明实施例提供的第一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的结构示意图，图中可以清楚地看到该参量微型断路器包括脱扣机构5、动触头8及静触头10，还包括电流传感器11和电磁铁2，所述动触头8和静触头10设置在参量微型断路器的主电路上，所述电流传感器11检测所述主电路的电流，所述电磁铁2包括电磁铁线圈和动铁芯，所述电磁铁线圈与所述电流传感器11相连，脱扣机构5与所述动触头8联动，当动铁芯动作时，所述动铁芯撞击脱扣机构5，所述脱扣机构5完成脱扣后使动触头8与静触头10由接触状态变为分离状态。
在本实施例中，所述静触头10与传感器11相连，所述脱扣机构5与所述动触头8联动，当所述动铁芯撞击所述脱扣机构5时，脱扣机构5完成脱扣的同时动触头8与静触头10分离分段电路，否则动触头8和静触头10接触导通电路。
本实施例中脱扣机构5的脱扣时间为5ms，而目前对自然雷电的检测数据指出，雷电从发生到结束，从首次接闪到多次反击，每个雷电流脉冲持续的时间都在微秒级别，所以雷电流通过主电路的持续时间一定是小于所述脱扣机构5的脱扣时间的，而工频电流在主电路中持续的时间是大于所述脱扣机构5的脱扣时间的，即大于5ms。
所述电磁铁2还包括静铁芯和用于使动铁芯动作后恢复至动作前所在位置的回位弹簧，电磁铁线圈绕在所述静铁芯上。
所述阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器还包括操作机构4、接线进端子1、软铜线7、接线出端子6、合闸扳手3及灭弧装置，所述动触头8与所述接线出端子6通过软铜线7连接，所述合闸扳手3通过所述操作机构4与所述脱扣机构5联动，当阻断工频电流后操作所述合闸扳手3可以使电路恢复接通，优选地，灭弧装置设置在靠近所述动触头8和静触头10处，所述灭弧装置包括用于熄灭静触头10和动触头8之间产生的电弧的灭弧栅片9。
实施例2：图6至9为本发明实施例提供的第二种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器的结构示意图，可以清楚地看到，该参量微型断路器包括脱扣机构5、动触头8及静触头10，还包括放电间隙12和电磁铁2，所述电磁铁2包括电磁铁线圈和动铁芯，所述动触头8、静触头10及电磁铁线圈设置在参量微型断路器的主电路上，所述放电间隙12并联在所述电磁铁线圈两端，脱扣机构5与所述动触头8联动，当动铁芯动作时，所述动铁芯撞击脱扣机构5，所述脱扣机构5完成脱扣后使动触头8与静触头10由接触状态变为分离状态。
在本实施例中，所述静触头10与放电间隙12相连，也可以所述静触头10与电磁铁2 相连，所述脱扣机构5与所述动触头8联动，当所述动铁芯撞击所述脱扣机构5时，脱扣机构5完成脱扣的同时动触头8与静触头10分离分段电路，否则动触头8和静触头10接触导通电路。
所述放电间隙12的击穿电压小于雷电流在所述电磁铁线圈两端产生的感生电压，雷电流到达时，电磁铁线圈产生的感生电压高于放电间隙12的击穿电压，于是放电间隙12被击穿导通放电，放电间隙12两端的电弧电压只有10-20V，这个电压很低，且持续的时间在微秒级别，不能使电磁铁动铁芯动作，雷电流到达放电间隙12的另一端；而工频电流的时间变化率在毫秒级，当工频电流到达时，工频电流在所述电磁铁线圈两端产生的感生电压小于放电间隙12的击穿电压，不能使放电间隙12击穿导通，工频电流只能通过电磁铁到达另一端，动铁芯动作。
需要提出的是，在现有技术中，所述脱扣机构5的脱扣时间不少于5ms，本实施例中脱扣机构5的脱扣时间为10ms，雷电流击穿所述放电间隙12通过主电路的时间小于所述脱扣机构5的脱扣时间，工频电流无法击穿所述放电间隙12通过电磁铁的持续时间大于所述脱扣机构5的脱扣时间，即大于10ms。
所述电磁铁2还包括静铁芯和用于使动铁芯动作后恢复至动作前所在位置的回位弹簧，电磁铁线圈绕在所述静铁芯上。
所述阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器还包括操作机构4、接线进端子1、软铜线7、接线出端子6、合闸扳手3及灭弧装置，所述动触头8与所述接线出端子6通过软铜线7连接，所述合闸扳手3通过所述操作机构4与所述脱扣机构5联动，当阻断工频电流后操作所述合闸扳手3可以使电路恢复接通，优选地，灭弧装置设置在靠近所述动触头8和静触头10处，所述灭弧装置包括用于熄灭静触头10和动触头8之间产生的电弧的灭弧栅片9。
本发明利用雷电流持续的时间短暂的特性或者利用雷电流对于时间的变化率高的特性，设计了两种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，都能达到通过雷电流不误动，使防雷保护持续有效；阻断工频电流避免SPD起火事故，极大的提高了防雷电路的安全性和稳定性。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的几种较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，包括脱扣机构(5)、动触头(8)及静触头(10)，其特征在于，还包括电流传感器(11)和电磁铁(2)，所述动触头(8)和静触头(10)设置在参量微型断路器的主电路上，所述电流传感器(11)检测所述主电路的电流，所述电磁铁(2)包括电磁铁线圈和动铁芯，所述电磁铁线圈与所述电流传感器(11)相连，脱扣机构(5)与所述动触头(8)联动，当动铁芯动作时，所述动铁芯撞击脱扣机构(5)，所述脱扣机构(5)完成脱扣的同时使动触头(8)与静触头(10)由接触状态变为分离状态。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，其特征在于，所述脱扣机构(5)的脱扣时间不小于5ms，雷电流通过所述主电路的持续时间小于所述脱扣机构(5)的脱扣时间，工频电流通过所述主电路的持续时间大于所述脱扣机构(5)的脱扣时间。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，其特征在于，所述电磁铁(2)还包括用于使动铁芯动作后恢复至动作前所在位置的回位弹簧。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，其特征在于，还包括操作机构(4)、接线进端子(1)、软铜线(7)、接线出端子(6)、合闸扳手(3)及灭弧装置，所述动触头(8)与所述接线出端子(6)通过软铜线(7)连接，所述合闸扳手(3)通过所述操作机构(4)与所述脱扣机构(5)联动，所述灭弧装置包括用于熄灭静触头(10)和动触头(8)之间产生的电弧的灭弧栅片(9)。
  5. 一种阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，包括脱扣机构(5)、动触头(8)及静触头(10)，其特征在于，还包括放电间隙(12)和电磁铁(2)，所述电磁铁(2)包括电磁铁线圈和动铁芯，所述动触头(8)、静触头(10)及电磁铁线圈设置在参量微型断路器的主电路上，所述放电间隙(12)并联在所述电磁铁线圈两端，脱扣机构(5)与所述动触头(8)联动，当动铁芯动作时，所述动铁芯撞击脱扣机构(5)，所述脱扣机构(5)完成脱扣后使动触头(8)与静触头(10)由接触状态变为分离状态。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，其特征在于，所述放电间隙(12)的击穿电压小于雷电流在所述电磁铁线圈两端产生的感生电压，所述放电间隙(12)的击穿电压大于工频电流在所述电磁铁线圈两端产生的感生电压。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，其特征在于，所述脱扣机构(5)的脱扣时间不少于5ms，雷电流击穿所述放电间隙(12)的时间小于所述脱扣机构(5)的脱扣时间，工频电流通过电磁铁线圈的持续时间大于所述脱扣机构(5)的脱扣时间。
  8. 如权利要求5或7所述的阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，其特征在于，所述电磁铁(2)还包括用于使动铁芯动作后恢复至动作前所在位置的回位弹簧。
  9. 如权利要求5至8中任意一项所述的阻断工频电流的参量微型断路器，其特征在于，还包括操作机构(4)、接线进端子(1)、软铜线(7)、接线出端子(6)、合闸扳手(3)及灭弧装置，所述动触头(8)与所述接线出端子(6)通过软铜线(7)连接，所述合闸扳手(3)通过所述操作机构(4)与所述脱扣机构(5)联动，所述灭弧装置包括用于熄灭静触头(10)和动触头(8)之间产生的电弧的灭弧栅片(9)。
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