WO2016023527A1 - Method based on anemometer tower measurement data for determining wind farm discarded wind power - Google Patents

Method based on anemometer tower measurement data for determining wind farm discarded wind power Download PDF

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WO2016023527A1
WO2016023527A1 PCT/CN2015/088576 CN2015088576W WO2016023527A1 WO 2016023527 A1 WO2016023527 A1 WO 2016023527A1 CN 2015088576 W CN2015088576 W CN 2015088576W WO 2016023527 A1 WO2016023527 A1 WO 2016023527A1
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wind
power
wind turbine
farm
roughness
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PCT/CN2015/088576
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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冯双磊
王勃
赵艳青
王伟胜
刘纯
姜文玲
王铮
车建峰
卢静
张菲
靳双龙
胡菊
杨红英
马振强
宋宗朋
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国家电网公司
中国电力科学研究院
中电普瑞张北风电研究检测有限公司
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Publication of WO2016023527A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016023527A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wind power distribution technology, in particular to a method for determining a wind power abandonment wind power based on wind measurement data of a wind tower.
  • the assessment of wind power in the wind power industry mainly adopts the model machine method, that is, the model machine that does not exceed 10% of the total number of fans in the abandonment period is normal operation, and the theoretical power of the wind farm is calculated according to the actual power of the model machine.
  • the model machine method due to the influence of topography and landform, the output of each wind turbine is not a simple linear relationship.
  • the calculation accuracy of the model fan method is limited to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method based on the wind measurement data of the wind tower, comprehensively consider the influences of terrain, landform, wake, etc., calculate the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm, and compare it with the actual electric quantity to achieve the abandonment of the wind power. Accurate calculation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wind farm abandonment wind power determination method based on wind measurement tower wind data, which is based on wind measurement tower wind measurement data, considering topography, landform and wind turbine By the influence of wake, etc., calculate the wind speed at the height of the wind turbine hub, and then obtain the theoretical power of the wind turbine according to the power curve, sum the theoretical power of all wind turbines of the wind farm to obtain the theoretical power of the wind farm, and finally the theoretical power and actual power of the wind farm. The time is integrated to obtain the theoretical power and the actual power. The two are subtracted to obtain the wind power of the wind farm, and the accurate calculation of the wind power of the wind farm is realized.
  • the invention provides a wind farm abandonment wind power determination method based on wind measurement tower wind data, which is improved in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • step (1) includes:
  • the disturbed boundary layer under topographic disturbance includes inner layer, outer layer and intermediate layer;
  • the solution to the disturbance of the wind speed of the outer layer of the boundary layer of the wind turbine includes:
  • the flow field changes of the outer layer of the boundary layer under the topographic disturbance are solved according to the potential flow theory, and the topographic change is regarded as a small disturbance to the undisturbed flow field.
  • u' is the disturbance of the undisturbed flow field by the changing terrain
  • ⁇ (r, ⁇ , z) is the potential function under the cylindrical coordinates, It is a Hamiltonian
  • r, ⁇ , and z respectively represent three coordinate variables in the cylindrical coordinate system
  • u 0 is the upwind undisturbed horizontal wind speed vector
  • h(r, ⁇ ) is the terrain height function
  • R is the study area radius
  • Field; L is the length of the terrain disturbance in the vertical direction;
  • J n ( ⁇ j r) is an n-order Bessel function
  • the disturbance of the wind speed of the inner layer of the wind turbine boundary layer is solved, including:
  • the flow field disturbance in the boundary layer changes with the logarithmic wind profile.
  • the top disturbance in the boundary layer reaches the maximum and is larger than the potential flow solution.
  • the correction value of the inner flow field for the same height potential solution is:
  • U 0 (z) is the wind speed at the height z of the upwind undisturbed wind vector
  • L j is the length scale of the topographic disturbance in the vertical direction
  • z' j max(z,l j )
  • the 1 includes:
  • the middle layer of the boundary layer has a range of l j ⁇ z ⁇ 4l j , and the flow field disturbance in the middle layer of the boundary layer is:
  • k wf is the weighting factor
  • ⁇ u j (l j ) is the correction value of the top potential flow solution in the inner layer of the boundary layer
  • l j is the inner layer height of the boundary layer
  • l j is determined by the following formula:
  • z oj is the relative roughness corresponding to l j , when the upwind direction is a uniform terrain
  • z 0j z 0
  • x n is the distance between the nth roughness change and the wind turbine.
  • the 2 includes:
  • z 02 is the roughness of the position of the wind turbine
  • z 01 is the upwind roughness closest to the position of the wind turbine.
  • u *2 and u *1 are the frictional speeds corresponding to z 01 and z 02 respectively
  • ⁇ 0.4 is the Karman constant
  • u *1 is the friction velocity corresponding to z 01
  • h is the inner layer height of the boundary layer, which is determined by the following formula :
  • z' 0 max(z 01 , z 02 ), where x is the distance between the position of the roughness change and the position of the wind turbine; Indicates the maximum roughness within the study area;
  • the addition of the distance weighting factor indicates the effect of the distance.
  • z 0effe is the equivalent roughness
  • determining the influence of the wake of the wind turbine on the wind speed comprises: determining a wake model of the wind turbine
  • c 1 is a dimensionless mixed length
  • l is a Prandtl hybrid length
  • A is a wind turbine sweeping area
  • C T is a wind turbine thrust coefficient
  • U WT is the average wind speed of the wind turbine hub height
  • R w is determined by Equation 12
  • step (2) the theoretical power of the wind turbine is obtained according to the power curve; the power curve is provided by the fan manufacturer;
  • step (3) the theoretical power of all the wind turbines of the wind farm is summed to obtain the theoretical work of the wind farm. rate.
  • step (5) the theoretical power of the wind farm and the actual power of the wind farm are respectively integrated with time, and the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm and the actual electric quantity of the wind farm are obtained, and the wind power is discarded by the wind farm;
  • the theoretical power of each wind turbine set in the set time period is obtained by the piecewise quadratic interpolation method, and the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm is obtained by integrating the time:
  • P T is the theoretical power of the wind farm
  • t 0 and t 1 are the start time and the end time, respectively;
  • E c E T -E M ; where: E c is the wind power of the wind farm; E T is the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm; E M is the actual power of the wind farm.
  • the method for determining the wind power of the wind farm provided by the invention is based on the wind measurement data of the wind tower, and adopts the roughness variation model and the terrain variation model based on the potential flow theory, which can effectively reflect the local effect of the wind farm on the atmospheric boundary layer wind disturbance. effect.
  • Analytical solution of the atmospheric motion equation is beneficial to shorten the calculation time, meet the aging requirements of the abandonment wind calculation, and reduce the requirements for computer computing power.
  • the model involves fewer parameters, robustness and engineering practicability.
  • the method is generally applicable to various wind farms, and successfully solves the problem that the model machine method calculates the accuracy of the abandoned wind power is not high.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a wind farm abandonment wind power determination method based on wind measurement tower wind data provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the development of the inner layer of the boundary layer under the variation of roughness provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a typical power curve provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 The flow chart of the wind farm electric wind power determination method based on the wind measurement tower wind data provided by the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and includes the following steps:
  • the disturbed boundary layer under topographic disturbance includes inner layer, outer layer and middle Floor;
  • the flow field changes of the outer layer of the boundary layer under the topographic disturbance are solved according to the potential flow theory, and the topographic change is regarded as a small disturbance to the undisturbed flow field.
  • u' is the disturbance of the undisturbed flow field by the changing terrain
  • ⁇ (r, ⁇ , z) is the potential function under the cylindrical coordinates, It is a Hamiltonian
  • r, ⁇ , and z respectively represent three coordinate variables in the cylindrical coordinate system
  • u 0 is the upwind undisturbed horizontal wind speed vector
  • h(r, ⁇ ) is the terrain height function
  • L is the length of the terrain disturbance in the vertical direction
  • J n ( ⁇ j r) is an n-order Bessel function
  • the flow field disturbance in the boundary layer changes with the logarithmic wind profile.
  • the top disturbance in the boundary layer reaches the maximum and is larger than the potential flow solution.
  • the correction value of the inner flow field for the same height potential solution is:
  • U 0 (z) is the wind speed at the height z of the upwind undisturbed wind vector
  • L j is the length scale of the topographic disturbance in the vertical direction
  • z' j max(z,l j )
  • the middle layer of the boundary layer has a range of l j ⁇ z ⁇ 4l j , and the flow field disturbance in the middle layer of the boundary layer is:
  • k wf is the weighting factor
  • ⁇ u j (l j ) is the correction value of the top potential flow solution in the boundary layer
  • l j is the inner layer height of the boundary layer
  • l j is determined by the following formula:
  • x n is the distance between the nth roughness change and the wind turbine.
  • z 02 is the roughness of the position of the wind turbine
  • z 01 is the closest to the position of the wind turbine (there are generally multiple roughness areas near the position of the wind turbine).
  • the roughness of the area here is the roughness of the wind turbine, which is the closest to the wind turbine.
  • u *2 and u *1 are the frictional speeds corresponding to z 01 and z 02 respectively
  • ⁇ 0.4 is the Karman constant
  • u *1 is the friction velocity corresponding to z 01
  • h is the inner layer height of the boundary layer, which is determined by the following formula :
  • z' 0 max(z 01 , z 02 ), where x is the distance between the position of the roughness change and the position of the wind turbine; Indicates the maximum roughness within the study area;
  • the addition of the distance weighting factor indicates the effect of the distance.
  • z 0effe is the equivalent roughness
  • c 1 is a dimensionless mixed length
  • l is a Prandtl hybrid length
  • A is a wind turbine sweeping area
  • C T is a wind turbine thrust coefficient
  • U WT is the average wind speed of the wind turbine hub height
  • R w is determined by Equation 12).
  • the theoretical power of each wind turbine in the set time period is obtained by the piecewise quadratic interpolation method, and the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm is obtained by integrating the time:
  • P T is the theoretical power of the wind farm
  • t 0 and t 1 are the start time and the end time, respectively;
  • E c E T -E M ; where: E c is the wind power of the wind farm; E T is the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm; E M is the actual power of the wind farm.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

A method based on anemometer tower measurement data for determining the discarded wind electrical power of wind farms. On the basis of anemometer tower measurement data, the method takes into consideration the impact of such factors as terrain, topography, and wind turbine wake, calculates wind speed at wind turbine hub height, and obtains a theoretical wind turbine power according to a power curve, then adds up the theoretical power of all the wind turbines of a wind farm to obtain a total theoretical power thereof; finally, the total theoretical power of the wind farm and the actual power thereof are respectively integrated over time, to obtain a theoretical and an actual electrical power; subtracting one from the other yields the discarded wind electrical power of the wind farm, thus providing precise calculation of wind farm discarded wind electrical power. The present method is applicable to all types of wind farm and resolves problems of low accuracy in the calculation by the sample turbine method of discarded wind electrical power.

Description

一种基于测风塔测风数据的风电场弃风电量确定方法Wind farm electric wind power determination method based on wind measurement tower wind data 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种风力发配电技术，具体讲涉及一种基于测风塔测风数据的风电场弃风电量确定方法。The invention relates to a wind power distribution technology, in particular to a method for determining a wind power abandonment wind power based on wind measurement data of a wind tower.
背景技术Background technique
大型风电基地覆盖面积广，一般包含多个风电场或风电场群，由于电网输送通道受限、调峰能力不足等因素会导致一定程度的弃风。正确科学的认识弃风、以合理的方式计算弃风电量将不仅有助于风电产业的健康、平稳发展，还能提升电网调度运行水平、推动风电规划与电网规划的协调发展、提高清洁能源利用率。Large-scale wind power bases cover a wide area and generally contain multiple wind farms or wind farms. Due to factors such as limited grid transmission channels and insufficient peak-shaving capacity, some winds may be abandoned. A correct and scientific understanding of abandoning the wind and calculating the abandonment of wind power in a reasonable way will not only contribute to the healthy and stable development of the wind power industry, but also improve the level of grid operation and operation, promote the coordinated development of wind power planning and power grid planning, and improve the utilization of clean energy. rate.
目前，风电行业对弃风电量的评估主要采用的是样板机方法，即在弃风时段保留不超过风机总台数10％的样板机正常运行，根据样板机的实际功率计算风电场的理论功率。然而，受地形、地貌等因素的影响，风电场每台风机的出力并非简单的线性关系，样板风机方法计算精度受到一定程度的制约。因此，需要提供一种以测风塔测风数据为基础，综合考虑地形、地貌、尾流等影响，计算风电场的理论电量，并与实际电量相比的方法，以实现对弃风电量的精确计算。At present, the assessment of wind power in the wind power industry mainly adopts the model machine method, that is, the model machine that does not exceed 10% of the total number of fans in the abandonment period is normal operation, and the theoretical power of the wind farm is calculated according to the actual power of the model machine. However, due to the influence of topography and landform, the output of each wind turbine is not a simple linear relationship. The calculation accuracy of the model fan method is limited to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method based on the wind measurement data of the wind tower, comprehensively consider the influences of terrain, landform, wake, etc., calculate the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm, and compare it with the actual electric quantity to achieve the abandonment of the wind power. Accurate calculation.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种基于测风塔测风数据的风电场弃风电量确定方法，该方法以测风塔测风数据为基础，考虑地形、地貌及风电机组尾流等影响，计算风电机组轮毂高度处的风速，再根据功率曲线获得风电机组理论功率，对风电场所有风电机组的理论功率求和得到风电场理论功率，最后将风电场理论功率和实际功率分别对时间积分，得到理论电量和实际电量，两者相减得到风电场弃风电量，实现对风电场弃风电量的精确计算。In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a wind farm abandonment wind power determination method based on wind measurement tower wind data, which is based on wind measurement tower wind measurement data, considering topography, landform and wind turbine By the influence of wake, etc., calculate the wind speed at the height of the wind turbine hub, and then obtain the theoretical power of the wind turbine according to the power curve, sum the theoretical power of all wind turbines of the wind farm to obtain the theoretical power of the wind farm, and finally the theoretical power and actual power of the wind farm. The time is integrated to obtain the theoretical power and the actual power. The two are subtracted to obtain the wind power of the wind farm, and the accurate calculation of the wind power of the wind farm is realized.
本发明的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的：The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
本发明提供一种基于测风塔测风数据的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其改进之处在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：The invention provides a wind farm abandonment wind power determination method based on wind measurement tower wind data, which is improved in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1)确定测风数据在地形、地貌和风机尾流影响下的变化； (1) Determine the changes in wind measurement data under the influence of topography, landform and wind turbine wake;
(2)确定风电机组的理论功率；(2) determining the theoretical power of the wind turbine;
(3)确定风电场理论功率；(3) determining the theoretical power of the wind farm;
(4)从能量管理系统中获得风电场实际功率；(4) Obtaining the actual power of the wind farm from the energy management system;
(5)确定风电场弃风电量。(5) Determine the wind power of the wind farm.
进一步地，所述步骤(1)包括：Further, the step (1) includes:
①确定地形对风速的影响：地形扰动下的受扰边界层包括内层、外层和中间层；1 Determine the influence of terrain on wind speed: the disturbed boundary layer under topographic disturbance includes inner layer, outer layer and intermediate layer;
②确定地貌对风速的影响；2 determine the impact of landform on wind speed;
③确定风电机组尾流对风速的影响。3 Determine the influence of wind turbine wake on wind speed.
进一步地，所述①中，风电机组边界层外层风速的扰动的求解包括：Further, in the above 1, the solution to the disturbance of the wind speed of the outer layer of the boundary layer of the wind turbine includes:
边界层外层在地形扰动下的流场变化按照势流理论求解，将地形变化看作对未受扰流场的小扰动,由势流理论得：The flow field changes of the outer layer of the boundary layer under the topographic disturbance are solved according to the potential flow theory, and the topographic change is regarded as a small disturbance to the undisturbed flow field.
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000001
其中：u'为变化地形对未受扰流场的扰动；χ(r,φ,z)为柱坐标下的势函数，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000002
为哈密顿算子；r、φ、z分别表示柱坐标系中的三个坐标变量；Where: u' is the disturbance of the undisturbed flow field by the changing terrain; χ(r, φ, z) is the potential function under the cylindrical coordinates,
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000002
It is a Hamiltonian; r, φ, and z respectively represent three coordinate variables in the cylindrical coordinate system;
以风电机组所在位置为坐标原点，则边界层外层在地形扰动下的流场变化转换为求解以下定解问题：Taking the position of the wind turbine as the coordinate origin, the flow field change of the outer layer of the boundary layer under the topographic disturbance is converted into the following solution problem:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000003
其中：u0为上风向未受扰水平风速矢量；h(r,φ)为地形高度函数；R为研究区域半径，R＝10km为10km外的地形变化将不再影响风电机组位置处的流场；L为地形扰动在垂直方向上的长度；Where: u 0 is the upwind undisturbed horizontal wind speed vector; h(r, φ) is the terrain height function; R is the study area radius, and R=10km is 10km. The terrain change will no longer affect the flow at the wind turbine location. Field; L is the length of the terrain disturbance in the vertical direction;
χ(r,φ,z)的通解： General solution of χ(r, φ, z):
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000004
式中,Jn(αjr)为n阶贝塞尔函数；Where J n (α j r) is an n-order Bessel function;
由边界条件和贝塞尔函数的正交性以及表达式1)得：Obtained by the boundary condition and the orthogonality of the Bessel function and the expression 1):
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000005
其中：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000006
为地形变化对风电机组位置处边界层外层流场的扰动，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000007
为一阶贝塞尔函数的第j个零点；er、eφ分别为径向与方位角方向的单位向量；系数A1j、B1j由下式5)确定：among them:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000006
Disturbance of the outer layer flow field at the boundary layer of the wind turbine at the location of the wind turbine,
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000007
It is the jth zero point of the first-order Bessel function; e r and e φ are the unit vectors in the radial and azimuthal directions respectively; the coefficients A 1j and B 1j are determined by the following formula 5):
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000008
其中：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000009
包含地形变化信息；among them:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000009
Contains terrain change information;
根据表达式4)和5)，在给定风电机组地理位置以及地形变化信息后，获得地形变化对风电机组位置边界层外层流场的扰动。According to the expressions 4) and 5), after the geographic location of the wind turbine and the terrain change information, the disturbance of the topographical flow field on the boundary layer of the wind turbine is obtained.
进一步地，所述①中，对风电机组边界层内层风速的扰动求解，包括：Further, in the above 1, the disturbance of the wind speed of the inner layer of the wind turbine boundary layer is solved, including:
边界层内层流场扰动随高度按对数风廓线变化，在边界层内层层顶扰动达到最大并大于势流解，内层流场对于同一高度势流解的修正值为：The flow field disturbance in the boundary layer changes with the logarithmic wind profile. The top disturbance in the boundary layer reaches the maximum and is larger than the potential flow solution. The correction value of the inner flow field for the same height potential solution is:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000010
式中，U0(z)为上风向未受扰风矢量在高度z的风速，Lj为地形扰动在垂直方向上的长度尺度，z'j＝max(z,lj)，其中lj为边界层内层高度，lj<<Lj，lj由下式确定：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000011
zoj为对应lj的相对粗糙度，上风向为均一地形时，z0j＝z0，上风向为非均一地形时：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000012
其中：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000013
D＝5Lj，xn为第n个粗糙度变化与风电机组的距离；
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000014
为哈密顿算子。 Where U 0 (z) is the wind speed at the height z of the upwind undisturbed wind vector, L j is the length scale of the topographic disturbance in the vertical direction, z' j =max(z,l j ), where l j For the inner layer height of the boundary layer, l j <<L j , l j is determined by:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000011
z oj is the relative roughness corresponding to l j , when the upwind direction is a uniform terrain, z 0j = z 0 , when the upwind direction is non-uniform terrain:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000012
 among them:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000013
 D=5L j , x n is the distance between the nth roughness change and the wind turbine;
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000014
For the Hamiltonian.
进一步地，所述①包括：Further, the 1 includes:
边界层中间层的范围为lj≤z≤4lj，边界层中间层流场扰动为：The middle layer of the boundary layer has a range of l j ≤ z ≤ 4l j , and the flow field disturbance in the middle layer of the boundary layer is:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000015
其中：kwf为加权因子，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000016
△uj(lj)为边界层内层顶势流解修正值；
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000017
分别为z＝lj与z＝4lj的势流解；lj为边界层内层高度，lj<<Lj，lj由下式确定：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000018
zoj为对应lj的相对粗糙度，上风向为均一地形时，z0j＝z0，上风向为非均一地形时：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000019
其中：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000020
D＝5Lj，xn为第n个粗糙度变化与风电机组的距离。Where: k wf is the weighting factor,
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000016
Δu j (l j ) is the correction value of the top potential flow solution in the inner layer of the boundary layer;
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000017
The potential flow solutions of z=l j and z=4l j respectively; l j is the inner layer height of the boundary layer, l j <<L j , l j is determined by the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000018
z oj is the relative roughness corresponding to l j , when the upwind direction is a uniform terrain, z 0j = z 0 , when the upwind direction is non-uniform terrain:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000019
 among them:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000020
 D=5L j , x n is the distance between the nth roughness change and the wind turbine.
进一步地，所述②包括：Further, the 2 includes:
流经变化粗糙度的下风向风廓线描述为：The downwind wind profile flowing through the varying roughness is described as:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000021
其中：z02为风电机组位置的粗糙度，z01为距离风电机组位置最近的上风向粗糙度，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000022
u*2、u*1分别为对应z01、z02的摩擦速度，κ＝0.4为卡曼常数，u*1为z01对应的摩擦速度，h为边界层内层高度，由下式确定：Where: z 02 is the roughness of the position of the wind turbine, and z 01 is the upwind roughness closest to the position of the wind turbine.
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000022
 u *2 and u *1 are the frictional speeds corresponding to z 01 and z 02 respectively, κ = 0.4 is the Karman constant, u *1 is the friction velocity corresponding to z 01 , and h is the inner layer height of the boundary layer, which is determined by the following formula :
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000023
其中：z'0＝max(z01,z02)，x为粗糙度变化位置与风电机组位置的距离；
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000024
表示研究区域内粗糙度的最大值；Where: z' 0 = max(z 01 , z 02 ), where x is the distance between the position of the roughness change and the position of the wind turbine;
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000024
Indicates the maximum roughness within the study area;
粗糙度变化扰动下，摩擦速度之间的关系，如下式： Under the disturbance of roughness variation, the relationship between frictional speeds is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000025
式中，z0n、z0n+1分别为上风向粗糙度与距离最近的下风向粗糙度，u*n、u*n+1为对应z0n、z0n+1的摩擦速度；Where z 0n and z 0n+1 are the downwind roughness of the windward roughness and the closest distance, and u *n and u *n+1 are the frictional speeds corresponding to z 0n and z 0n+1 ;
粗糙度变化位置距离风电机组位置越远其影响亦越弱，加入距离权重因子表示距离的作用，得：The farther the change position of the roughness is from the wind turbine position, the weaker the influence is. The addition of the distance weighting factor indicates the effect of the distance.
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000026
式中：z0effe为等效粗糙度，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000027
为第n个粗糙度的距离权重因子，D＝10km，即认为10km外的粗糙度变化将不再对风电机组位置的风廓线产生影响。Where: z 0effe is the equivalent roughness,
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000027
For the distance weight factor of the nth roughness, D=10km, that is, the roughness variation outside 10km is considered to no longer affect the wind profile of the wind turbine position.
进一步地，所述③中，确定风电机组尾流对风速的影响包括：确定风电机组尾流模型；Further, in the above, determining the influence of the wake of the wind turbine on the wind speed comprises: determining a wake model of the wind turbine;
尾流模型被称为Larsen尾流模型，假定下风向不同位置的风速衰减具有相似性，并且风速只发生中等程度的衰减，则通过下式计算下风向L＝x处的尾流影响区域半径：The wake model is called the Larsen wake model. Assuming that the wind speed attenuation at different locations of the downwind is similar, and the wind speed only moderately decays, the wake radius of the downwind direction L=x is calculated by the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000028
其中：c1为无量纲混合长；l为普朗特混合长，A为风力机扫风面积，CT为风电机组推力系数；Wherein: c 1 is a dimensionless mixed length; l is a Prandtl hybrid length, A is a wind turbine sweeping area, and C T is a wind turbine thrust coefficient;
Larsen尾流模型最终的风速衰减表达式为：The final wind speed decay expression for the Larsen wake model is:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000029
式中：UWT为风电机组轮毂高度的平均风速；Rw由式12)确定；Where: U WT is the average wind speed of the wind turbine hub height; R w is determined by Equation 12);
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中，根据功率曲线，得到风电机组理论功率；功率曲线由风机制造商提供；Further, in the step (2), the theoretical power of the wind turbine is obtained according to the power curve; the power curve is provided by the fan manufacturer;
所述步骤(3)中，对风电场所有风电机组理论功率求和得到风电场理论功 率。In the step (3), the theoretical power of all the wind turbines of the wind farm is summed to obtain the theoretical work of the wind farm. rate.
进一步地，所述步骤(5)中，将风电场理论功率和风电场实际功率分别对时间积分，得到风电场理论电量和风电场实际电量，两者相减得到风电场弃风电量；Further, in the step (5), the theoretical power of the wind farm and the actual power of the wind farm are respectively integrated with time, and the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm and the actual electric quantity of the wind farm are obtained, and the wind power is discarded by the wind farm;
进一步地，利用分段二次插值法求出设定时段内各风电机组理论功率，对时间积分得到风电场理论电量：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000030
其中PT为风电场理论功率，t0、t1分别为起始时间和结束时间；Further, the theoretical power of each wind turbine set in the set time period is obtained by the piecewise quadratic interpolation method, and the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm is obtained by integrating the time:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000030
Where P T is the theoretical power of the wind farm, and t 0 and t 1 are the start time and the end time, respectively;
风电场理论电量和风电场实际电量相减得到风电场弃风电量，表达式如下：Ec＝ET-EM；其中：Ec为风电场弃风电量；ET为风电场理论电量；EM为风电场实际电量。The theoretical electric field of the wind farm and the actual electric quantity of the wind farm are subtracted to obtain the wind power of the wind farm. The expression is as follows: E c =E T -E M ; where: E c is the wind power of the wind farm; E T is the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm; E M is the actual power of the wind farm.
与现有技术比，本发明达到的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:
本发明提供的风电场弃风电量确定方法基于测风塔测风数据，采用了基于势流理论的粗糙度变化模型与地形变化模型，可以有效反映风电场局地效应对大气边界层风的扰动作用。解析求解大气运动方程有利于缩短计算时间，满足弃风电量计算的时效要求，且降低了对计算机计算能力的要求。模型涉及参数较少，鲁棒性与工程实用性强。该方法普遍适用于各种风电场，成功解决了样板机法计算弃风电量精确度不高的问题。The method for determining the wind power of the wind farm provided by the invention is based on the wind measurement data of the wind tower, and adopts the roughness variation model and the terrain variation model based on the potential flow theory, which can effectively reflect the local effect of the wind farm on the atmospheric boundary layer wind disturbance. effect. Analytical solution of the atmospheric motion equation is beneficial to shorten the calculation time, meet the aging requirements of the abandonment wind calculation, and reduce the requirements for computer computing power. The model involves fewer parameters, robustness and engineering practicability. The method is generally applicable to various wind farms, and successfully solves the problem that the model machine method calculates the accuracy of the abandoned wind power is not high.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明提供的基于测风塔测风数据的风电场弃风电量确定方法的流程图；1 is a flow chart of a wind farm abandonment wind power determination method based on wind measurement tower wind data provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的粗糙度变化下的边界层内层发展示意图；2 is a schematic view showing the development of the inner layer of the boundary layer under the variation of roughness provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的典型功率曲线示意图。3 is a schematic diagram of a typical power curve provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明提供的基于测风塔测风数据的风电场弃风电量确定方法的流程图如图1所示，包括下述步骤：The flow chart of the wind farm electric wind power determination method based on the wind measurement tower wind data provided by the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and includes the following steps:
(1)确定测风数据在地形、地貌和风机尾流影响下的变化；所述测风数据包括风速，确定测风数据在地形、地貌和风机尾流影响下的变化包括：(1) Determine the changes of the wind measurement data under the influence of terrain, landform and wind turbine wake; the wind measurement data includes the wind speed, and the changes of the wind measurement data under the influence of terrain, landform and wind turbine wake include:
①确定地形对风速的影响：地形扰动下的受扰边界层包括内层、外层和中间 层；1 Determine the influence of terrain on wind speed: the disturbed boundary layer under topographic disturbance includes inner layer, outer layer and middle Floor;
一、对风电机组边界层外层风速的扰动求解，包括：1. Solving the disturbance of the outer wind speed of the boundary layer of the wind turbine, including:
边界层外层在地形扰动下的流场变化按照势流理论求解，将地形变化看作对未受扰流场的小扰动,由势流理论得：The flow field changes of the outer layer of the boundary layer under the topographic disturbance are solved according to the potential flow theory, and the topographic change is regarded as a small disturbance to the undisturbed flow field.
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000031
其中：u'为变化地形对未受扰流场的扰动；χ(r,φ,z)为柱坐标下的势函数，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000032
为哈密顿算子；r、φ、z分别表示柱坐标系中的三个坐标变量；Where: u' is the disturbance of the undisturbed flow field by the changing terrain; χ(r, φ, z) is the potential function under the cylindrical coordinates,
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000032
It is a Hamiltonian; r, φ, and z respectively represent three coordinate variables in the cylindrical coordinate system;
以风电机组所在位置为坐标原点，则边界层外层在地形扰动下的流场变化转换为求解以下定解问题：Taking the position of the wind turbine as the coordinate origin, the flow field change of the outer layer of the boundary layer under the topographic disturbance is converted into the following solution problem:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000033
其中：u0为上风向未受扰水平风速矢量；h(r,φ)为地形高度函数；R为研究区域半径，R＝10km,即认为10km外的地形变化将不再影响风电机组位置处的流场；L为地形扰动在垂直方向上的长度；Where: u 0 is the upwind undisturbed horizontal wind speed vector; h(r, φ) is the terrain height function; R is the study area radius, R=10km, that is, the topographic change outside 10km will no longer affect the position of the wind turbine Flow field; L is the length of the terrain disturbance in the vertical direction;
χ(r,φ,z)的通解：General solution of χ(r, φ, z):
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000034
式中,Jn(αjr)为n阶贝塞尔函数；Where J n (α j r) is an n-order Bessel function;
由边界条件和贝塞尔函数的正交性以及表达式1)得：Obtained by the boundary condition and the orthogonality of the Bessel function and the expression 1):
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000035
其中：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000036
为地形变化对风电机组位置处边界层外层流场的扰动，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000037
为一阶贝塞尔函数的第j个零点；er、eφ分别为径向与方位角方向的单位向量；系数 A1j、B1j由下式5)确定：among them:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000036
Disturbance of the outer layer flow field at the boundary layer of the wind turbine at the location of the wind turbine,
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000037
It is the jth zero point of the first-order Bessel function; e r and e φ are the unit vectors in the radial and azimuthal directions respectively; the coefficients A 1j and B 1j are determined by the following formula 5):
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000038
其中：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000039
包含地形变化信息；among them:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000039
Contains terrain change information;
根据表达式4)和5)，在给定风电机组地理位置以及地形变化信息后，获得地形变化对风电机组位置边界层外层流场的扰动。According to the expressions 4) and 5), after the geographic location of the wind turbine and the terrain change information, the disturbance of the topographical flow field on the boundary layer of the wind turbine is obtained.
二、对风电机组边界层内层风速的扰动求解，包括：2. Solving the disturbance of the wind speed in the boundary layer of the wind turbine, including:
边界层内层流场扰动随高度按对数风廓线变化，在边界层内层层顶扰动达到最大并大于势流解，内层流场对于同一高度势流解的修正值为：The flow field disturbance in the boundary layer changes with the logarithmic wind profile. The top disturbance in the boundary layer reaches the maximum and is larger than the potential flow solution. The correction value of the inner flow field for the same height potential solution is:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000040
式中，U0(z)为上风向未受扰风矢量在高度z的风速，Lj为地形扰动在垂直方向上的长度尺度，z'j＝max(z,lj)，其中lj为边界层内层高度，lj<<Lj，lj由下式确定：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000041
zoj为对应lj的相对粗糙度，上风向为均一地形时，z0j＝z0，上风向为非均一地形时：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000042
其中：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000043
D＝5Lj，xn为第n个粗糙度变化与风电机组的距离。Where U 0 (z) is the wind speed at the height z of the upwind undisturbed wind vector, L j is the length scale of the topographic disturbance in the vertical direction, z' j =max(z,l j ), where l j For the inner layer height of the boundary layer, l j <<L j , l j is determined by:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000041
z oj is the relative roughness corresponding to l j , when the upwind direction is a uniform terrain, z 0j = z 0 , when the upwind direction is non-uniform terrain:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000042
 among them:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000043
 D=5L j , x n is the distance between the nth roughness change and the wind turbine.
三、对风电机组边界层中间层风速的扰动求解，包括：3. Solving the disturbance of the wind speed in the middle layer of the boundary layer of the wind turbine, including:
边界层中间层的范围为lj≤z≤4lj，边界层中间层流场扰动为：The middle layer of the boundary layer has a range of l j ≤ z ≤ 4l j , and the flow field disturbance in the middle layer of the boundary layer is:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000044
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000044
其中：kwf为加权因子，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000045
△uj(lj)为边界层内层层顶势流解修正值；；
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000046
分别为z＝lj与z＝4lj的势流解；lj为边界层内层高度，lj<<Lj，lj由下式确定：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000047
zoj为对应lj的相对粗糙度，上风向 为均一地形时，z0j＝z0，上风向为非均一地形时：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000048
其中：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000049
D＝5Lj，xn为第n个粗糙度变化与风电机组的距离。Where: k wf is the weighting factor,
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000045
Δu j (l j ) is the correction value of the top potential flow solution in the boundary layer;
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000046
The potential flow solutions of z=l j and z=4l j respectively; l j is the inner layer height of the boundary layer, l j <<L j , l j is determined by the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000047
z oj is the relative roughness corresponding to l j , when the upwind direction is uniform terrain, z 0j = z 0 , when the upwind direction is non-uniform terrain:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000048
among them:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000049
D=5L j , x n is the distance between the nth roughness change and the wind turbine.
②确定地貌对风速的影响，包括：2 Determine the impact of landform on wind speed, including:
流经变化粗糙度的下风向风廓线描述为：The downwind wind profile flowing through the varying roughness is described as:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000050
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000050
其中：z02为风电机组位置的粗糙度，z01为距离风电机组位置最近的(风电机组位置附近一般有多个粗糙度区域，例如图2中，风机附近有一片树林和一块粗糙度区域，这里那块区域的粗糙度就是距离风电机组最近的粗糙度)上风向粗糙度，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000051
u*2、u*1分别为对应z01、z02的摩擦速度，κ＝0.4为卡曼常数，u*1为z01对应的摩擦速度，h为边界层内层高度，由下式确定：Where: z 02 is the roughness of the position of the wind turbine, z 01 is the closest to the position of the wind turbine (there are generally multiple roughness areas near the position of the wind turbine). For example, in Figure 2, there is a forest and a roughness area near the fan. The roughness of the area here is the roughness of the wind turbine, which is the closest to the wind turbine.
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000051
 u *2 and u *1 are the frictional speeds corresponding to z 01 and z 02 respectively, κ = 0.4 is the Karman constant, u *1 is the friction velocity corresponding to z 01 , and h is the inner layer height of the boundary layer, which is determined by the following formula :
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000052
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000052
其中：z'0＝max(z01,z02)，x为粗糙度变化位置与风电机组位置的距离；
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000053
表示研究区域内粗糙度的最大值；Where: z' 0 = max(z 01 , z 02 ), where x is the distance between the position of the roughness change and the position of the wind turbine;
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000053
Indicates the maximum roughness within the study area;
粗糙度变化扰动下，摩擦速度之间的关系，如下式：Under the disturbance of roughness variation, the relationship between frictional speeds is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000054
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000054
式中，z0n、z0n+1分别为上风向粗糙度与距离最近的下风向粗糙度，u*n、u*n+1为对应z0n、z0n+1的摩擦速度；Where z 0n and z 0n+1 are the downwind roughness of the windward roughness and the closest distance, and u *n and u *n+1 are the frictional speeds corresponding to z 0n and z 0n+1 ;
粗糙度变化位置距离风电机组位置越远其影响亦越弱，加入距离权重因子表示距离的作用，得： The farther the change position of the roughness is from the wind turbine position, the weaker the influence is. The addition of the distance weighting factor indicates the effect of the distance.
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000055
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000055
式中：z0effe为等效粗糙度，
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000056
为第n个粗糙度的距离权重因子，D＝10km，即认为10km外的粗糙度变化将不再对风电机组位置的风廓线产生影响。Where: z 0effe is the equivalent roughness,
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000056
For the distance weight factor of the nth roughness, D=10km, that is, the roughness variation outside 10km is considered to no longer affect the wind profile of the wind turbine position.
③确定风电机组尾流对风速的影响，包括：确定风电机组尾流模型；3 Determine the influence of the wake of the wind turbine on the wind speed, including: determining the wake model of the wind turbine;
尾流模型被称为Larsen尾流模型，假定下风向不同位置的风速衰减具有相似性，并且风速只发生中等程度的衰减，则通过下式计算下风向L＝x处的尾流影响区域半径：The wake model is called the Larsen wake model. Assuming that the wind speed attenuation at different locations of the downwind is similar, and the wind speed only moderately decays, the wake radius of the downwind direction L=x is calculated by the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000057
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000057
其中：c1为无量纲混合长；l为普朗特混合长，A为风力机扫风面积，CT为风电机组推力系数；Wherein: c 1 is a dimensionless mixed length; l is a Prandtl hybrid length, A is a wind turbine sweeping area, and C T is a wind turbine thrust coefficient;
Larsen尾流模型最终的风速衰减表达式为：The final wind speed decay expression for the Larsen wake model is:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000058
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000058
式中：UWT为风电机组轮毂高度的平均风速；Rw由式12)确定。确定风电机组的理论功率：根据功率曲线，得到风电机组理论功率；典型功率曲线示意图如图3所示。Where: U WT is the average wind speed of the wind turbine hub height; R w is determined by Equation 12). Determine the theoretical power of the wind turbine: According to the power curve, the theoretical power of the wind turbine is obtained; the typical power curve is shown in Figure 3.
(3)确定风电场理论功率：对风电场所有风电机组理论功率求和得到风电场理论功率。(3) Determine the theoretical power of the wind farm: sum the theoretical power of all wind turbines of the wind farm to obtain the theoretical power of the wind farm.
(4)从能量管理系统中获得风电场实际功率；(4) Obtaining the actual power of the wind farm from the energy management system;
(5)确定风电场弃风电量：将风电场理论功率和风电场实际功率分别对时间积分，得到风电场理论电量和风电场实际电量，两者相减得到风电场弃风电量，具体为：(5) Determining the wind power of the wind farm: Integrate the theoretical power of the wind farm and the actual power of the wind farm with time, and obtain the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm and the actual electric quantity of the wind farm. The two are subtracted to obtain the wind power of the wind farm, specifically:
利用分段二次插值法求出设定时段内各风电机组理论功率，对时间积分得到 风电场理论电量：
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000059
其中PT为风电场理论功率，t0、t1分别为起始时间和结束时间；The theoretical power of each wind turbine in the set time period is obtained by the piecewise quadratic interpolation method, and the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm is obtained by integrating the time:
Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-000059
Where P T is the theoretical power of the wind farm, and t 0 and t 1 are the start time and the end time, respectively;
风电场理论电量和风电场实际电量相减得到风电场弃风电量，表达式如下：Ec＝ET-EM；其中：Ec为风电场弃风电量；ET为风电场理论电量；EM为风电场实际电量。The theoretical electric field of the wind farm and the actual electric quantity of the wind farm are subtracted to obtain the wind power of the wind farm. The expression is as follows: E c =E T -E M ; where: E c is the wind power of the wind farm; E T is the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm; E M is the actual power of the wind farm.
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。 Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for explaining the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited thereto, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be The invention is to be construed as being limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于测风塔测风数据的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：A wind farm wind power determination method based on wind measurement tower wind data, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
    (1)确定测风数据在地形、地貌和风机尾流影响下的变化；(1) Determine the changes in wind measurement data under the influence of topography, landform and wind turbine wake;
    (2)确定风电机组的理论功率；(2) determining the theoretical power of the wind turbine;
    (3)确定风电场理论功率；(3) determining the theoretical power of the wind farm;
    (4)从能量管理系统中获得风电场实际功率；(4) Obtaining the actual power of the wind farm from the energy management system;
    (5)确定风电场弃风电量。(5) Determine the wind power of the wind farm.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)包括：The wind farm electric wind power determining method according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises:
    ①确定地形对风速的影响：地形扰动下的受扰边界层包括内层、外层和中间层；1 Determine the influence of terrain on wind speed: the disturbed boundary layer under topographic disturbance includes inner layer, outer layer and intermediate layer;
    ②确定地貌对风速的影响；2 determine the impact of landform on wind speed;
    ③确定风电机组尾流对风速的影响。3 Determine the influence of wind turbine wake on wind speed.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述①中，风电机组边界层外层风速的扰动的求解包括：The wind farm electric wind power determining method according to claim 2, wherein in the 1, the disturbance of the wind speed of the outer layer boundary layer of the wind turbine comprises:
    边界层外层在地形扰动下的流场变化按照势流理论求解，将地形变化看作对未受扰流场的小扰动,由势流理论得：The flow field changes of the outer layer of the boundary layer under the topographic disturbance are solved according to the potential flow theory, and the topographic change is regarded as a small disturbance to the undisturbed flow field.
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100001
    其中：u'为变化地形对未受扰流场的扰动；χ(r,φ,z)为柱坐标下的势函数，
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100002
    为哈密顿算子；r、φ、z分别表示柱坐标系中的三个坐标变量；    Where: u' is the disturbance of the undisturbed flow field by the changing terrain; χ(r, φ, z) is the potential function under the cylindrical coordinates,
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100002
    It is a Hamiltonian; r, φ, and z respectively represent three coordinate variables in the cylindrical coordinate system;
    以风电机组所在位置为坐标原点，则边界层外层在地形扰动下的流场变化转换为求解以下定解问题： Taking the position of the wind turbine as the coordinate origin, the flow field change of the outer layer of the boundary layer under the topographic disturbance is converted into the following solution problem:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100003
    其中：u0为上风向未受扰水平风速矢量；h(r,φ)为地形高度函数；R为研究区域半径，R＝10km为10km外的地形变化将不再影响风电机组位置处的流场；L为地形扰动在垂直方向上的长度；Where: u 0 is the upwind undisturbed horizontal wind speed vector; h(r, φ) is the terrain height function; R is the study area radius, and R=10km is 10km. The terrain change will no longer affect the flow at the wind turbine location. Field; L is the length of the terrain disturbance in the vertical direction;
    χ(r,φ,z)的通解：General solution of χ(r, φ, z):
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100004
    式中,Jn(αjr)为n阶贝塞尔函数；Where J n (α j r) is an n-order Bessel function;
    由边界条件和贝塞尔函数的正交性以及表达式1)得：Obtained by the boundary condition and the orthogonality of the Bessel function and the expression 1):
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100005
    其中：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100006
    为地形变化对风电机组位置处边界层外层流场的扰动，
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100007
    为一阶贝塞尔函数的第j个零点；er、eφ分别为径向与方位角方向的单位向量；系数A1j、B1j由下式5)确定：    among them:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100006
    Disturbance of the outer layer flow field at the boundary layer of the wind turbine at the location of the wind turbine,
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100007
    It is the jth zero point of the first-order Bessel function; e r and e φ are the unit vectors in the radial and azimuthal directions respectively; the coefficients A 1j and B 1j are determined by the following formula 5):
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100008
    其中：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100009
    包含地形变化信息；    among them:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100009
    Contains terrain change information;
    根据表达式4)和5)，在给定风电机组地理位置以及地形变化信息后，获得 地形变化对风电机组位置边界层外层流场的扰动。According to the expressions 4) and 5), after obtaining the geographical position of the wind turbine and the terrain change information, Disturbances affect the outer flow field of the boundary layer of the wind turbine.
  4. 如权利要求2所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述①中，对风电机组边界层内层风速的扰动求解，包括：The wind farm electric wind power determining method according to claim 2, wherein in the first aspect, the disturbance of the inner wind speed of the wind turbine boundary layer is solved, comprising:
    边界层内层流场扰动随高度按对数风廓线变化，在边界层内层层顶扰动达到最大并大于势流解，内层流场对于同一高度势流解的修正值为：The flow field disturbance in the boundary layer changes with the logarithmic wind profile. The top disturbance in the boundary layer reaches the maximum and is larger than the potential flow solution. The correction value of the inner flow field for the same height potential solution is:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100010
    式中，U0(z)为上风向未受扰风矢量在高度z的风速，Lj为地形扰动在垂直方向上的长度尺度，z'j＝max(z,lj)，其中lj为边界层内层高度，lj<<Lj，lj由下式确定：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100011
    zoj为对应lj的相对粗糙度，上风向为均一地形时，z0j＝z0，上风向为非均一地形时：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100012
    其中：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100013
    D＝5Lj，xn为第n个粗糙度变化与风电机组的距离；
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100014
    为哈密顿算子。    Where U 0 (z) is the wind speed at the height z of the upwind undisturbed wind vector, L j is the length scale of the topographic disturbance in the vertical direction, z' j =max(z,l j ), where l j For the inner layer height of the boundary layer, l j <<L j , l j is determined by:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100011
    z oj is the relative roughness corresponding to l j , when the upwind direction is a uniform terrain, z 0j = z 0 , when the upwind direction is non-uniform terrain:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100012
     among them:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100013
     D=5L j , x n is the distance between the nth roughness change and the wind turbine;
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100014
    For the Hamiltonian.
  5. 如权利要求2所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述①包括：The wind farm electric wind power determining method according to claim 2, wherein the 1 comprises:
    边界层中间层的范围为lj≤z≤4lj，边界层中间层流场扰动为：The middle layer of the boundary layer has a range of l j ≤ z ≤ 4l j , and the flow field disturbance in the middle layer of the boundary layer is:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100015
    其中：kwf为加权因子，
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100016
    △uj(lj)为边界层内层顶势流解修正值；
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100017
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100018
    分别为z＝lj与z＝4lj的势流解；lj为边界层内层高度，lj<<Lj，lj由下式确定：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100019
    zoj为对应lj的相对粗糙度，上风向为均一地形时，z0j＝z0，上风向为非均一地形时：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100020
    其中：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100021
    D＝5Lj，xn为第n个粗糙度变化与风电机组的距离。     Where: k wf is the weighting factor,
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100016
    Δu j (l j ) is the correction value of the top potential flow solution in the inner layer of the boundary layer;
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100017
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100018
    The potential flow solutions of z=l j and z=4l j respectively; l j is the inner layer height of the boundary layer, l j <<L j , l j is determined by the following formula:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100019
    z oj is the relative roughness corresponding to l j , when the upwind direction is a uniform terrain, z 0j = z 0 , when the upwind direction is non-uniform terrain:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100020
     among them:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100021
     D=5L j , x n is the distance between the nth roughness change and the wind turbine.
  6. 如权利要求2所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述②包括：The wind farm electric wind power determining method according to claim 2, wherein the 2 comprises:
    流经变化粗糙度的下风向风廓线描述为：The downwind wind profile flowing through the varying roughness is described as:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100022
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100022
    其中：z02为风电机组位置的粗糙度，z01为距离风电机组位置最近的上风向粗糙度，
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100023
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100024
    u*2、u*1分别为对应z01、z02的摩擦速度，κ＝0.4为卡曼常数，u*1为z01对应的摩擦速度，h为边界层内层高度，由下式确定：    Where: z 02 is the roughness of the position of the wind turbine, and z 01 is the upwind roughness closest to the position of the wind turbine.
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100023
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100024
     u *2 and u *1 are the frictional speeds corresponding to z 01 and z 02 respectively, κ = 0.4 is the Karman constant, u *1 is the friction velocity corresponding to z 01 , and h is the inner layer height of the boundary layer, which is determined by the following formula :
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100025
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100025
    其中：z'0＝max(z01,z02)，x为粗糙度变化位置与风电机组位置的距离；
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100026
    表示研究区域内粗糙度的最大值；    Where: z' 0 = max(z 01 , z 02 ), where x is the distance between the position of the roughness change and the position of the wind turbine;
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100026
    Indicates the maximum roughness within the study area;
    粗糙度变化扰动下，摩擦速度之间的关系，如下式：Under the disturbance of roughness variation, the relationship between frictional speeds is as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100027
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100027
    式中，z0n、z0n+1分别为上风向粗糙度与距离最近的下风向粗糙度，u*n、u*n+1为对应z0n、z0n+1的摩擦速度；Where z 0n and z 0n+1 are the downwind roughness of the windward roughness and the closest distance, and u *n and u *n+1 are the frictional speeds corresponding to z 0n and z 0n+1 ;
    粗糙度变化位置距离风电机组位置越远其影响亦越弱，加入距离权重因子表示距离的作用，得：The farther the change position of the roughness is from the wind turbine position, the weaker the influence is. The addition of the distance weighting factor indicates the effect of the distance.
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100028
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100028
    式中：z0effe为等效粗糙度，
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100029
    为第n个粗糙度的距离权重因子，D＝10km，即认为10km外的粗糙度变化将不再对风电机组位置的风廓线产生影响。    Where: z 0effe is the equivalent roughness,
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100029
    For the distance weight factor of the nth roughness, D=10km, that is, the roughness variation outside 10km is considered to no longer affect the wind profile of the wind turbine position.
  7. 如权利要求2所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述③中，确定风电机组尾流对风速的影响包括：确定风电机组尾流模型；The wind farm electric wind power determining method according to claim 2, wherein in the third, determining the influence of the wind turbine wake on the wind speed comprises: determining a wind turbine wake model;
    尾流模型被称为Larsen尾流模型，假定下风向不同位置的风速衰减具有相似性，并且风速只发生中等程度的衰减，则通过下式计算下风向L＝x处的尾流影响区域半径：The wake model is called the Larsen wake model. Assuming that the wind speed attenuation at different locations of the downwind is similar, and the wind speed only moderately decays, the wake radius of the downwind direction L=x is calculated by the following formula:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100030
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100030
    其中：c1为无量纲混合长；l为普朗特混合长，A为风力机扫风面积，CT为风电机组推力系数；Wherein: c 1 is a dimensionless mixed length; l is a Prandtl hybrid length, A is a wind turbine sweeping area, and C T is a wind turbine thrust coefficient;
    Larsen尾流模型最终的风速衰减表达式为：The final wind speed decay expression for the Larsen wake model is:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100031
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100031
    式中：UWT为风电机组轮毂高度的平均风速；Rw由式12)确定；Where: U WT is the average wind speed of the wind turbine hub height; R w is determined by Equation 12);
  8. 如权利要求1所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中，根据功率曲线，得到风电机组理论功率；功率曲线由风机制造商提供；The wind farm electric wind power determining method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the theoretical power of the wind turbine is obtained according to the power curve; the power curve is provided by the fan manufacturer;
    所述步骤(3)中，对风电场所有风电机组理论功率求和得到风电场理论功率。In the step (3), the theoretical power of the wind farm is obtained by summing the theoretical powers of all the wind turbines of the wind farm.
  9. 如权利要求1所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(5)中，将风电场理论功率和风电场实际功率分别对时间积分，得到风电场理论电量和风电场实际电量，两者相减得到风电场弃风电量；The wind farm electric wind power determination method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the theoretical power of the wind farm and the actual power of the wind farm are respectively integrated with time to obtain a theoretical electric quantity and a wind farm of the wind farm. Actual power, the two are subtracted to obtain the wind power of the wind farm;
  10. 如权利要求9所述的风电场弃风电量确定方法，其特征在于，利用分段二次插值法求出设定时段内各风电机组理论功率，对时间积分得到风电场理论电 量：
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100032
    其中PT为风电场理论功率，t0、t1分别为起始时间和结束时间；    The wind farm electric wind power determination method according to claim 9, wherein the theoretical power of each wind turbine set in the set time period is obtained by the piecewise quadratic interpolation method, and the theoretical electric power of the wind farm is obtained by integrating the time:
    Figure PCTCN2015088576-appb-100032
    Where P T is the theoretical power of the wind farm, and t 0 and t 1 are the start time and the end time, respectively;
    风电场理论电量和风电场实际电量相减得到风电场弃风电量，表达式如下：Ec＝ET-EM；其中：Ec为风电场弃风电量；ET为风电场理论电量；EM为风电场实际电量。 The theoretical electric field of the wind farm and the actual electric quantity of the wind farm are subtracted to obtain the wind power of the wind farm. The expression is as follows: E c =E T -E M ; where: E c is the wind power of the wind farm; E T is the theoretical electric quantity of the wind farm; E M is the actual power of the wind farm.
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