WO2016021356A1 - 入力装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2016021356A1 WO2016021356A1 PCT/JP2015/069539 JP2015069539W WO2016021356A1 WO 2016021356 A1 WO2016021356 A1 WO 2016021356A1 JP 2015069539 W JP2015069539 W JP 2015069539W WO 2016021356 A1 WO2016021356 A1 WO 2016021356A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/0418—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers for error correction or compensation, e.g. based on parallax, calibration or alignment
- G06F3/04186—Touch location disambiguation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0443—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a single layer of sensing electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04104—Multi-touch detection in digitiser, i.e. details about the simultaneous detection of a plurality of touching locations, e.g. multiple fingers or pen and finger
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04106—Multi-sensing digitiser, i.e. digitiser using at least two different sensing technologies simultaneously or alternatively, e.g. for detecting pen and finger, for saving power or for improving position detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04108—Touchless 2D- digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface without distance measurement in the Z direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an input device used for inputting information in an information device such as a computer or a smart phone, and in particular, identifies an area in which an object such as a finger or a pen is close to an operation surface, and identifies information based on the identified area.
- the present invention relates to an input device for inputting
- An input device including a sensor that detects a contact position of a finger by a change in capacitance is widely used as an interface of an electronic device such as a smartphone or a notebook computer.
- Capacitance sensors mainly detect mutual capacitance type sensors that detect changes in electrostatic capacitance between drive electrodes and detection electrodes, and detect changes in electrostatic capacitance of detection electrodes with respect to ground (finger)
- ground (finger) There is a self-capacitance sensor.
- a self-capacitance sensor In the case of realizing a hovering function or the like for detecting the operation of a finger at a position away from the operation surface, a self-capacitance sensor having a high detection sensitivity of capacitance is advantageous.
- the self-capacitance sensor has two sensing methods, image sensing and profile sensing.
- image sensing method a two-dimensional distribution of finger contacts is detected
- profile sensing method a one-dimensional distribution of finger contacts in one or more directions is detected.
- Patent Document 1 below describes a touch screen using an image sensing method.
- Patent Document 2 below describes a touch panel using a profile sensing method.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram showing a configuration of an image sensing system of a self-capacitance sensor.
- the two-dimensional distribution of the self-capacitance change on the operation surface is detected by detecting the change in self-capacitance of the detection electrodes 101 arranged in a matrix on the operation surface. Two-dimensional data can be obtained. Therefore, even when a plurality of objects are in contact with the operation surface, correct coordinates of each can be calculated.
- FIG. 18B is a figure which shows the structure of the profile sensing system of a self-capacitance type
- the detection electrode 103 extending in one or more directions (two directions, vertical and horizontal in the example of FIG. 18B) is used for detection of the self-capacitance. Therefore, the number of detection electrodes is reduced compared to the image sensing method, and the circuit size is reduced. Since the number of detection electrodes is small, the scan time per scan and the number of scans can be increased, so it is easy to enhance the detection sensitivity of the capacitance. In addition, the large size of the detection electrode is also advantageous in high sensitivity capacitance detection.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to reduce the number of electrodes for detecting a change in capacitance according to the proximity of an object to the operation surface, and to reduce the number of electrodes on the operation surface.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an input device capable of acquiring data representing a two-dimensional distribution of capacitance.
- the present invention relates to an input device for inputting information according to the proximity of an object to an operation surface, and this input device has at least one overlapping portion with each of m segments dividing the operation surface.
- a first electrostatic capacitance formed by n (n is a natural number smaller than m) electrodes disposed on the operation surface, an object adjacent to the operation surface, and the n electrodes A capacitance detection unit for outputting n pieces of detection data according to the second capacitance, and a second capacitance formed between the overlapping portion of one or more of the electrodes located in And element data configuration units that configure element data corresponding to the third capacitance obtained by combining
- Each of the n electrodes is different from the other electrodes in at least one of the combination of the sections having the overlapping portion and the area of the overlapping portion included in the same section.
- the element data configuration unit includes predetermined information on an area ratio of the overlapping portion of the individual electrodes positioned in the same section in each of the m sections to the entire overlapping section, and the capacitance detection The m pieces of element data corresponding to the m partitions based on the n pieces of detection data output from the unit
- the second capacitance formed between the overlapping portion of one of the electrodes located in one of the sections and the object is approximately proportional to the area of the overlapping portion.
- the third capacitance is a composite of the second capacitances, and therefore, is approximately proportional to the area of all the overlapping portions located in one section. Therefore, the information on the area ratio included in the predetermined information gives information on the capacitance ratio between the second capacitance and the third capacitance of one of the electrodes in one of the sections.
- the first capacitance formed by the one electrode and the object is regarded as a combination of the second capacitance of all the overlapping portions belonging to the one electrode and the object.
- the detection data according to the first capacitance provides information on the second capacitance of the one electrode in one or more of the sections.
- a combination of the sections having the overlapping portion is different from other electrodes, or an area of the overlapping portion included in the same section is different from the other electrodes.
- the n detection data obtained for the n electrodes provide independent information about the second capacitance of each electrode in the m sections.
- the element data configuration unit information on the second capacitance of each electrode of the m partitions included in the n detection data, and each electrode of the m partitions provided by the predetermined information
- the m pieces of element data corresponding to the third capacitance of the m pieces of sections are configured based on the information on the capacitance ratio of Therefore, using the n electrodes less than the m sections, the m element data indicating the proximity of the m sections to the object can be obtained.
- the element data configuration unit is configured to make the hypothesis values of the n detection data calculated based on the predetermined information from the hypothesis values of the m element data approach the n detection data.
- the data configuration process may be repeated to correct the assumed values of the m element data based on the predetermined information. By repeating the data configuration process, the accuracy of the m element data configured is improved.
- the data configuration process converts assumed values of the m element data into assumed values of the n detected data based on the predetermined information.
- a fourth process may be included to correct hypothesized values of m element data based on the m second coefficients.
- the element data configuration unit uses constant data corresponding to the area ratio of the overlapping portion of one of the electrodes in one of the sections as one component, and the m segments and Based on a first transformation matrix consisting of m ⁇ n components corresponding to the n electrodes, a matrix having hypothetical values of the m element data as components is assumed values of the n detection data It may be converted into a matrix to be a component.
- the element data configuration unit uses constant data corresponding to the area ratio of the overlapping portion of one of the electrodes in one of the sections as one component, and the m pieces of A matrix having the n first coefficients as its components, and the m second coefficients as its components, based on a second transformation matrix consisting of m ⁇ n components corresponding to the sections and the n electrodes; May be converted into a matrix.
- the m pieces faithfully represent the distribution of the third capacitance on the operation surface corresponding to the proximity state of each object Element data of is composed.
- the element data configuration unit omits the first processing in the first data configuration processing, and predetermined n initial values are provided as hypothesis values of the n detection data.
- the second process may be performed using a value. By omitting the first process, the processing speed is improved.
- the element data configuration unit is configured to generate at least one set of m sets immediately before as the assumed value of the m element data in the first data configuration process.
- the first processing may be performed using m initial values based on element data.
- the n electrodes may be classified into a plurality of electrode groups.
- the element data configuration unit may sequentially perform a plurality of partial data configuration processes corresponding to the plurality of electrode groups in a single one of the data configuration processes.
- the element data configuration unit is configured to assume the m element data Assumption value of k detection data calculated based on the predetermined information from a value approaches k detection data according to the first capacitance formed by the k electrodes and the object
- hypothetical values of the m element data may be corrected based on the predetermined information.
- the k detections of the assumed values of the m element data are performed based on the predetermined information.
- a third process may be included, and a fourth process of correcting the assumed values of the m element data based on the m second coefficients.
- the element data configuration unit uses constant data corresponding to the area ratio of the overlapping portion of one of the electrodes in one of the sections as one component, and the m segments and Based on a first partial transformation matrix consisting of m ⁇ k components corresponding to the k electrodes, a matrix having hypothetical values of the m element data as components is assumed values of the k detection data It may be converted to a matrix having.
- the element data configuration unit uses constant data corresponding to the area ratio of the overlapping portion of one of the electrodes in one of the sections as one component, and the m pieces of A matrix having the k first coefficients as components and the m second coefficients as components based on second segments and a second partial transform matrix consisting of m ⁇ k components corresponding to the segments and the k electrodes It may be converted into a matrix. Also in the above configuration, the m pieces of element data faithfully representing the distribution of the third capacitance when a plurality of objects approach the operation surface are configured.
- the element data configuration unit omits the first processing in the first partial data configuration processing in the first data configuration processing, and assumes the k pieces of detected data
- the second process may be performed using predetermined k initial values as values. By omitting the first process, the processing speed is improved.
- the element data configuration unit is used as an assumed value of the m element data in the first process in the first partial data configuration process in the first data configuration process.
- M initial values based on at least one set of m element data configured immediately before may be used.
- the overlapping portions of the plurality of electrodes located in the same section may respectively include a plurality of electrode pieces electrically connected to each other.
- Each of a plurality of the electrode pieces located in the same section may be adjacent to the electrode pieces included in different electrodes.
- data representing a two-dimensional distribution of capacitance on the operation surface is reduced while reducing the number of electrodes for detecting the change in capacitance according to the proximity of the object to the operation surface. You can get it.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an overlapping portion of one electrode in one section and a capacitance formed between the overlapping portion and a finger. It is a flowchart for demonstrating an example of operation
- movement of the input device shown in FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the structure process of the element data in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5A shows a section pattern
- FIG. 5B shows an electrode pattern. It is the figure which illustrated five electrodes shown in the example of FIG. 5 separately.
- FIG. 14A shows an electrode extending longitudinally
- FIG. 14B shows an electrode extending laterally
- FIG. 14C shows an electrode extending diagonally from lower left to upper right
- FIG. 14D shows an electrode extending diagonally from lower right to upper left .
- FIG. 18A shows the configuration of the image sensing system
- FIG. 18B shows the configuration of the profile sensing system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an input device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the input device illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a sensor unit 10, a processing unit 20, a storage unit 30, and an interface unit 40.
- the input device according to the present embodiment is a device for inputting information according to the position of contact or proximity by bringing an object such as a finger or a pen into contact with or close to an operation surface provided with a sensor.
- proximity in the present specification includes both being in contact with being close and non-contacting being close.
- Sensor unit 10 includes an operation surface of n electrodes E 1 disposed in ⁇ E n, the object and the electrodes E 1 ⁇ E n by to the electrode E 1 ⁇ E n approaching object such as a finger or a pen And a capacitance detection unit 12 that detects a capacitance (first capacitance) formed between the two.
- any one of the electrodes E 1 to E n may be represented as “electrode E” or “electrode E i ” (1 ⁇ i ⁇ n). Further, in some cases on behalf of any one of sections A 1 ⁇ A m referred to as "Zone A” and "Zone A j" (1 ⁇ j ⁇ m).
- the electrodes E 1 to E n are smaller than the sections A 1 to A m , but in each section A, one or more electrodes E are disposed so as to have an overlapping portion.
- the electrodes E 1 to E n are arranged such that the combination of the sections A having overlapping portions is different.
- the electrodes E 1 has a overlapping portion in the compartment A1 and A2
- other electrodes E are arranged to have a portion overlapping the compartment A combination other than (A1, A2).
- the area of overlapping portions in at least some of the sections of the electrodes E may be different. That is, the electrodes E 1 to E n are disposed on the operation surface so that the patterns of how to overlap the sections A 1 to A m are different.
- the electrostatic capacitance detection unit 12 drives each of the electrodes E in order to sample the charge corresponding to the electrostatic capacitance (first electrostatic capacitance) formed between the electrode E and the object, and the sampling result Output detection data according to
- the capacitance detection unit 12 includes a drive circuit, a capacitance-voltage conversion circuit (CV conversion circuit), and an A / D conversion circuit.
- the drive circuit selects the electrodes E 1 to E n in order according to the control of the processing unit 20 and repetitively applies a pulse voltage of a predetermined amplitude to the selected electrode E to form the electrode E and the object.
- the capacitance (first capacitance) is repeatedly charged or discharged.
- the CV conversion circuit transfers and accumulates the charge (or the charge proportional to this) transmitted at the electrode E along with this charging or discharging to the capacitor for reference, and accumulates it, according to the voltage generated at the capacitor for reference Output a signal.
- the A / D conversion circuit converts the output signal of the CV conversion circuit into a digital signal at a predetermined cycle according to the control of the processing unit 20, and outputs the digital signal as detection data.
- Capacitance detection unit 12 outputs n pieces of detection data S 1 to S n corresponding to n pieces of electrodes E 1 to E n .
- the processing unit 20 is a circuit that controls the overall operation of the input device, and includes, for example, a computer that performs processing in accordance with an instruction code of a program stored in the storage unit 30, and a logic circuit that implements a specific function. Configured The processing of the processing unit 20 may be realized entirely by a computer based on a program, or a part or all of the processing may be realized by a dedicated logic circuit.
- the processing unit 20 includes a timing control unit 21, an element data configuration unit 22, and a coordinate calculation unit 23.
- the timing control unit 21 controls the timing of detection in the sensor unit 10. Specifically, the timing control unit 21 selects the electrode E to be detected in the capacitance detection unit 12 and generates a pulse voltage, sampling of charges, and generation of detection data by A / D conversion at appropriate timings. Control the capacitance detection unit 12 so that
- the element data configuration unit 22 determines whether the electrode E and the object in each of the m sections A 1 to A m are static. Construct m element data P 1 to P m according to the capacitance.
- the element data configuration unit 22 is a third capacitance CA obtained by combining the second capacitance CE ij formed between the overlapping portion of the one or more electrodes E located in one section A j with the object.
- the information (constant data K ij ) on the area ratio of the overlapping portion E ij of each of the individual electrodes E i located in the same section A j in each of the m sections A 1 to A m and the entire overlapping portion is , And n are known information determined by the arrangement pattern of the electrodes E 1 to E n .
- Element data construction unit 22 and information known about this area ratio, based on the n pieces of detection data S 1 ⁇ S n output from the capacitance detection unit 12, m pieces of compartments A 1 ⁇ A m Constitute m pieces of element data P 1 to P m corresponding to.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the overlapping portion E ij of the electrode E i in the section A j and the capacitance CE ij formed by the overlapping portion E ij between it and the object.
- E ij in FIG. 2 shows the overlapping part which electrode Ei has with respect to division A j .
- CE ij indicates a capacitance (second capacitance) formed between the overlapping portion E ij of the electrode E i and the object 1 such as a finger.
- the second capacitance CE ij formed between one overlapping portion E ij and the object is approximately proportional to the area of this overlapping portion E ij .
- the third capacitance CA j (Equation (1)) formed between the whole of the overlapping portion of the electrodes E included in the section A j and the object 1 is the total capacitance of all the electrodes E included in the section A j . It is approximately proportional to the area of the overlapping portion. Therefore, the known constant data K ij related to the area ratio of the overlapping portion E ij of one electrode E i located in the same section A j to the entire overlapping portion is represented by the following equation: It represents the ratio of the change ⁇ CE ij to the third capacitance change ⁇ CA j .
- equation (2) is expressed as the following equation.
- the equation (4) is expressed by the following equation using a matrix.
- Equation (6) The n ⁇ m matrix (first transformation matrix K) on the left side of Equation (6) is known information determined by the arrangement pattern of the n electrodes E 1 to E n .
- the assumed values of the m element data P 1 to P m are “provisional element data PA 1 to PA m ”, and the assumption values of the n detection data S 1 to S n are “provisional detection data SA 1 to Let it be SA n .
- temporary detection data SA 1 to SA n are expressed as in the following equation using first transformation matrix K and temporary element data PA 1 to PA.
- the element data configuration unit 22 calculates n pieces of temporary detection data SA 1 calculated as in the equation (7) based on known information (first transformation matrix K) from the m pieces of temporary element data PA 1 to PA m.
- ⁇ SA n is as close to the n number of detection data S 1 ⁇ S n outputted in the electrostatic capacity detection unit 12, m pieces provisional element data PA 1 ⁇ PA m of known information (constant data K ij Repeat the data construction process to correct based on.
- the data configuration process repeatedly executed to correct m pieces of temporary element data PA 1 to PA m includes four processes (first to fourth processes).
- the element data configuration unit 22 generates m pieces of temporary element data PA 1 to PA m based on known information (first transformation matrix K) to obtain n pieces of temporary detection data SA 1 to SA. Convert to n (equation (7)).
- first of magnification should multiplying the provisional detection data SA 1 ⁇ SA n for provisional detection data SA 1 ⁇ SA n is equal to the detection data S 1 ⁇ S n
- One coefficient ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n is calculated.
- the first coefficient ⁇ i is expressed by the following equation.
- the calculation of the first coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n in the second process is expressed as a following equation using a matrix.
- the element data configuration unit 22 calculates m second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m indicating magnifications to be multiplied by the m temporary element data PA 1 to PA m .
- the element data configuration unit 22 generates n first coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n into m second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m based on known information (constant data K ij ) determined by the partition pattern and the electrode pattern. Convert to
- the second capacitance CE ij of the overlapping portion E ij of the electrode E i in one section A j is the same as the third capacitance CA j of the entire section A j : It has a ratio corresponding to constant data K ij . Therefore, the factor by which the element data P j (third capacitance CA j ) of the section A j is multiplied is the constant data K ij with respect to the detection data S i (first capacitance CE i ) of the electrode E i. It can be estimated that it brings a proportional contribution.
- the second coefficient beta j in one section A j can be approximated to a value obtained by averaging giving weighting constant data K ij to the first coefficient alpha i of each electrode E i.
- the second coefficient ⁇ j is expressed by this approximation as follows.
- Expression (10) is expressed as the following expression using a matrix.
- Equation (11) The m ⁇ n matrix (second transformation matrix) on the left side of Equation (11) is known information determined by the arrangement pattern of the n electrodes E 1 to E n , and the first transformation matrix K (equation (5 It is a transposed matrix of).
- the element data configuration unit 22 uses the current temporary element data PA 1 to PA m as new temporary elements based on the m second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m obtained in the third process. Modify the data PA ' 1 to PA' m .
- the coordinate calculation unit 23 calculates the coordinates on the operation surface on which the object (finger) is close based on the element data P 1 to P m configured by the element data configuration unit 22. For example, the coordinate calculation unit 23 binarizes the two-dimensional data represented by the element data P 1 to P m and sets an area where data indicating that the objects are in proximity is a proximity area of the individual objects. Identify as Then, the coordinate calculation unit 23 creates profile data for each of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the specified area. The profile data in the horizontal direction is obtained by calculating, for each column, the sum of a group of element data P j in the vertical direction of the operation surface and arranging the sum of the element data P j in the horizontal direction of the operation surface .
- Profile data in the vertical direction is obtained by calculating, for each row, the sum of a group of element data P j in the horizontal direction of the operation surface and arranging the sum of the element data P j in the vertical direction of the operation surface .
- the coordinate calculation unit 23 calculates the position of the peak of the element data P j and the position of the center of gravity for each of the profile data in the horizontal direction and the profile data in the vertical direction.
- the position in the horizontal direction and the position in the vertical direction obtained by this calculation indicate the coordinates at which the object approaches on the operation surface.
- the coordinate calculation unit 23 stores data of coordinates obtained by such calculation in a predetermined storage area of the storage unit 30.
- the storage unit 30 stores constant data and variable data used for processing in the processing unit 20.
- the storage unit 30 may store a program to be executed by the computer.
- the storage unit 30 includes, for example, volatile memory such as DRAM and SRAM, non-volatile memory such as flash memory, hard disk and the like.
- the interface unit 40 is a circuit for exchanging data between the input device and another control device (for example, a control IC of an information device equipped with the input device).
- the processing unit 20 outputs information (coordinate information of an object, the number of objects, etc.) stored in the storage unit 30 from the interface unit 40 to a control device (not shown). Further, the interface unit 40 acquires a program to be executed by the computer of the processing unit 20 from a disk drive (not shown) (an apparatus for reading a program recorded on a non-temporary recording medium) or a server. May be loaded on a disk drive (not shown) (an apparatus for reading a program recorded on a non-temporary recording medium) or a server. May be loaded on a disk drive (not shown) (an apparatus for reading a program recorded on a non-temporary recording medium) or a server. May be loaded on a disk drive (not shown) (an apparatus for reading a program recorded on a non-temporary recording medium) or a server. May be loaded
- the input device repeats the operation shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3 at regular intervals to acquire information on the proximity position of the object on the operation surface.
- the processing unit 20 acquires, from the capacitance detection unit 12 of the sensor unit 10, detection data S 1 to S n indicating the first capacitance change ⁇ CE i of each electrode E on the operation surface.
- the processing unit 20 determines whether or not the detection data S 1 to S n acquired in step ST 100 exceed a predetermined threshold value indicating that an object has approached the operation surface. When the detection data S i exceeding the threshold is included, the processing unit 20 proceeds to the next step ST 110, and when the detection data S i exceeding the threshold is not included, the processing ends.
- the element data configuration unit 22 of the processing unit 20 configures m pieces of element data P 1 to P m based on the n pieces of detection data S 1 to S n acquired in step ST100.
- the coordinate calculation unit 23 of the processing unit 20 calculates the coordinates of each object in proximity to the operation surface based on the m element data P 1 to P m configured in step ST110.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for describing a process of configuring element data P 1 to P m (ST 110) in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the element data configuration unit 22 acquires initial values of temporary element data PA 1 to PA m used in loop processing described later.
- the element data configuration unit 22 acquires, for example, constant data stored in advance in the storage unit 30 as an initial value.
- the element data configuration unit 22 uses the initial values acquired in step ST200 to make temporary detection data SA 1 to SA n calculated from temporary element data PA 1 to PA m approach detection data S 1 to S n .
- the process (data configuration process) of correcting the temporary element data PA 1 to PA m is repeated.
- the data configuration process of step ST205 includes four steps (ST220, ST225, ST230, and ST235).
- step ST220 the element data configuration unit 22 converts temporary element data PA 1 to PA m into temporary detection data SA 1 to SA n based on known information (first conversion matrix K) (equation (7 )).
- step ST225 the element data construction unit 22, first of magnification should multiplying for temporary detect data SA 1 ⁇ SA n is equal to the detection data S 1 ⁇ S n in the temporary detection data SA 1 ⁇ SA n 1 Coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n are calculated (Equations (8) and (9)).
- the element data configuration unit 22 sets the n first coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n to m temporary element data PA 1 to PA based on the known information (second transformation matrix K T ).
- the data is converted into m second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m indicating the magnification to be multiplied by the m element data (equations (10), (11)).
- step ST235 the element data configuration unit 22 generates the new temporary element data PA ′ from the current temporary element data PA 1 to PA m based on the m second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m obtained in step ST230. 1 to PA ' m (Equations (12) and (13)).
- the element data configuration unit 22 confirms the number of repetitions up to that point, and if the specified number has not been reached, the data configuration process (ST205) is repeated again. When the number of repetitions reaches the specified number, the element data configuration unit 22 determines the temporary element data PA 1 to PA m corrected by the last data formation process (ST 205) as the normal element data P 1 to P m. Are stored in a predetermined storage area of the storage unit 30.
- FIG. 5A is a view showing an example of a section pattern set on the operation surface of the sensor unit 10. As shown in FIG. In the example of FIG. 5A, six sections A 1 to A 6 are set by the matrix pattern. In this matrix pattern, there are two rows in the vertical direction and three columns in the horizontal direction. In this example, 2 ⁇ 3 pieces of element data P 1 ⁇ P 6 corresponding to the 2 ⁇ 3 subdivisions A 1 ⁇ A 6 is formed.
- FIG. 5B is a view showing an example of an electrode pattern disposed on the operation surface of the sensor unit 10. As shown in FIG. In the example of FIG. 5B, five electrodes E 1 to E 5 are arranged in a 2 ⁇ 3 matrix pattern. Electrodes E 1 spans the three transverse compartment A 1 ⁇ A 3, the electrode E 2 spans three compartments A 4 ⁇ A 6 in the lateral direction. Electrode E 3 spans two compartments A1, A4 in the vertical direction, the electrodes E 4 spans two compartments A2, A5 vertical, electrode E 5 is across the longitudinal direction of the two compartments A3, A6.
- the area occupied by one electrode E i (1 ⁇ i ⁇ 5) in one section A j (1 ⁇ j ⁇ 6) is 2 with respect to the area of all the electrodes of section A j It is one-half. That is, the two electrodes E occupy each half of each section A.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the individual electrodes E 1 to E 5 in the electrode pattern shown in FIG. 5B.
- a plurality of electrode pieces EP extending in the longitudinal direction are provided in a comb shape in the overlapping portion of the electrodes E.
- Each of the plurality of electrode pieces EP located in the same section A is adjacent to the electrode piece EP of a different electrode E. That is, in the section A, the electrodes E are arranged to be uniformly distributed.
- the area of one overlapping portion E ij included in the section A j is approximately one half of the area of all the electrodes of the section A j.
- the second capacitance change ⁇ CE ij of E ij is approximately half of the third capacitance change ⁇ CA j of all the electrodes of the section A j . That is, in the section A j in which the overlapping portion E ij of the electrodes E i exists, the value of the constant data K ij shown in the equation (3) becomes “1/2”.
- the first capacitance change DerutaCE first electrode E 1 is substantially equal to the sum of the 1 of each half of the compartment A 1 ⁇ A third capacitance change in 3 [Delta] CA 1 ⁇ [Delta] CA 3 ( Figure 6A).
- the first capacitance change DerutaCE 2 electrode E 2 is substantially equal to the sum of the 1 of each half of the third capacitance change [Delta] CA 4 ⁇ [Delta] CA 6 in compartment A 4 ⁇ A 6 ( Figure 6B).
- the first capacitance change DerutaCE 3 electrodes E 3 becomes approximately equal to the sum of the 1 of each half of the compartment A 1, third capacitance change in A 4 [Delta] CA 1, [Delta] CA 4 (FIG. 6C).
- the first capacitance change DerutaCE 4 electrodes E 4 becomes substantially equal to the sum of the partition A 2, third capacitance change in A 5 [Delta] CA 2, 1 of each half of [Delta] CA 6 (FIG. 6D ).
- the first capacitance change DerutaCE 5 electrodes E 5 is substantially equal to that sum of compartment A 3, third capacitance change in A 6 [Delta] CA 2, 1 of each half of [Delta] CA 6 (FIG. 6E ). If the above is put together, it will become like following Formula.
- Equation (15) and (16) correspond to the equations (5) and (6) described above.
- the 5 ⁇ 6 matrix (first transformation matrix K) on the left side in the equations (15) and (16) is determined by the section pattern and the electrode pattern shown in FIG.
- the simultaneous equations shown in equation (16) can not be easily solved by the inverse matrix because the number of variables is larger than the equations.
- the element data construction unit 22 is based on the five detection data S 1 to S 5 and known information (the 5 ⁇ 6 first transformation matrix K) determined by the division pattern and the electrode pattern shown in FIG. 5. Thus, six element data P 1 to P 6 are configured.
- the element data configuration unit 22 converts the initial values of the temporary element data PA 1 to PA 6 acquired in step ST 200 into temporary detection data SA 1 to SA 5 (ST 220). Assuming that all initial values of temporary element data PA 1 to PA 6 are “1”, temporary detection data SA 1 to SA 5 in the first loop processing are calculated as follows.
- a first coefficient of magnification should multiplying the provisional detection data SA 1 ⁇ SA 5 to provisional detection data SA 1 ⁇ SA 5 becomes equal to the actual detection data S 1 ⁇ S 5 alpha 1 to ⁇ 5 are calculated (ST 225).
- the first coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 5 are calculated as follows.
- the element data configuration unit 22 calculates second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 indicating magnifications to be multiplied by the temporary element data PA 1 to PA 6 . That is, the element data configuration unit 22 converts the first coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 5 into the second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 based on known information (constant data K ij ) determined by the partition pattern and the electrode pattern.
- All electrode compartment A 1 is bisected by electrodes E 1 and the electrode E 3. Therefore, when multiplied by a second coefficient beta 1 to the third capacitance change [Delta] CA 1 of the total electrode (element data P 1) of the compartment A 1, a first capacitance change of the electrode E 1 DerutaCE 1 (detection data S 1 ) It is considered that the same degree of change is brought about with respect to the first capacitance change ⁇ CE 3 (detection data S 3 ) of the electrode E 3 .
- the first coefficient alpha 1 of the electrodes E 1 is calculated as "2"
- the first coefficient alpha 3 of the electrode E 3 is calculated as "2.5” because there, first coefficient alpha 1, the second coefficient beta 1 value to approximate alpha 3 on these calculated values, the first coefficient alpha 1 and "2" of the first coefficient alpha 3 "2.5"
- the same weighting can be given to each to approximate an averaged value.
- the second coefficient beta 2 average value of the first coefficient alpha 1 and the first coefficient alpha 4 the second coefficient beta 3 the average value of the first coefficient alpha 1 and the first coefficient alpha 5
- second coefficient beta 4 the mean value of the first coefficient alpha 2 and the first coefficient alpha 3
- the second coefficient beta 6 first coefficient It can be approximated to the average value of ⁇ 2 and the first coefficient ⁇ 5 respectively. If the above is put together, it will become like following Formula.
- the equation (21) corresponds to the equation (11) described above.
- the 6 ⁇ 5 matrix (second transformation matrix) on the right side in equation (21) is the transposed first transformation matrix of 5 ⁇ 6 on the left side in equation (18). This second transformation matrix is also determined by the section pattern and the electrode pattern shown in FIG.
- the element data configuration unit 22 corrects the temporary elements corrected by multiplying the present temporary element data PA 1 to PA 6 by the second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 respectively.
- Data PA ' 1 to PA' m are calculated.
- the provisional element data PA ′ 1 to PA ′ m are calculated as follows.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing calculated values of temporary element data PA 1 to PA 6 obtained when the loop processing is repeated 10 times in the above-described example. As seen from the results, by repeatedly executing the data configuration process shown in FIG. 4, the temporary element data PA j approaches to the original data.
- the change ⁇ CE ij (FIG. 2) is approximately proportional to the area of the overlapping portion E ij . Since the third capacitance change ⁇ CA j is a composite of the second capacitance change ⁇ CE ij (equation (1)), the area of the overlapping portion of all the electrodes located in one section A j is approximately Proportional.
- the first capacitance change DerutaCE i that forms the first electrode E i and the object is a composite of the second capacitance change DerutaCE ij with all of the overlapping portion and the object belonging to one of the electrodes E i (The equation (2)), the detection data S i having a value corresponding to the first capacitance change .DELTA.CE i is the second capacitance change .DELTA.CE of the electrode E i in one or more sections A.
- the combination of the sections A having the overlapping portion is different from that of the other electrode E, or the area of the overlapping portion included in the same section A is different from the other electrode E.
- detection data S 1 ⁇ S n obtained for electrodes E 1 ⁇ E n results in independent information about the second capacitance change DerutaCE ij of each electrode E i in zone A 1 ⁇ A m.
- the information related to the second capacitance change ⁇ CE ij of each section A j and each electrode E i included in the detection data S 1 to S n and the known constant data K the volume ratio of each section a j and each of the electrodes E i provided by ij based on the ( ⁇ CE ij / ⁇ CA j) information about, according to a third capacitance change [Delta] CA 1 ⁇ [Delta] CA m sections a 1 ⁇ a m Element data P 1 to P m are composed.
- n electrodes E 1 to E n less than m segments A 1 to A m n electrodes E 1 to E n less than m segments A 1 to A m .
- m element data P 1 to P m indicating the state of proximity to an object in m segments can be obtained As it can be obtained, it is possible to obtain data representing a two-dimensional distribution of electrostatic capacitance on the operation surface while reducing the number of electrodes compared to the conventional image sensing method.
- the circuit scale By reducing the number of electrodes, the circuit scale can be reduced, and the detection time of electrostatic capacitance detection can be increased by increasing the scan time and the number of scans of electrostatic capacitance detection within a fixed sensing period.
- the electrodes E By arranging the electrodes E across the plurality of sections A, the area of the electrodes E can be increased, and the detection sensitivity of the capacitance can be enhanced.
- FIG. 8 is a view for explaining a modification of the process of configuring element data in the input device according to the present embodiment.
- the temporary detection data SA 1 ⁇ are obtained from the initial values of the temporary element data PA 1 ⁇ PA m acquired in step ST200.
- this calculation result is always constant regardless of the detection data S 1 to S n , it may not be calculated each time the element data P 1 to P m are formed. Therefore, in the example of the flowchart shown in FIG. 8, the calculation step (ST220) of temporary detection data SA 1 to SA n is omitted when the first data configuration process (ST 205) is performed.
- element data constituting section 22 does not perform the calculation step (ST220) of the provisional detection data SA 1 ⁇ SA n when performing initial data configuration process (ST205), the provisional detection data SA 1 ⁇ from the storage unit 30, etc. to obtain a predetermined initial value of SA n (ST210, ST215).
- the element data configuration unit 22 performs the second data configuration process (ST205)
- the temporary detection data SA 1 to SA m based on the temporary element data PA 1 to PA m corrected by the previous data configuration process (ST205).
- SA n ST 220
- the processing speed can be improved by omitting the calculation step (ST220) of the temporary detection data SA 1 to SA n when the first data configuration process (ST 205) is performed.
- the configuration of the input device according to the present embodiment is the same as the input device according to the first embodiment except that there is a difference in the configuration process (FIG. 3) of element data P 1 to P m in step ST110. . Therefore, in the following, differences in the process of configuring element data P 1 to P m will be mainly described.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for describing a process of configuring element data in the input device according to the second embodiment.
- the element data configuration unit 22 acquires initial values of temporary element data PA 1 to PA m used in data configuration processing (ST 305) described later.
- the element data configuration unit 22 acquires, for example, constant data stored in advance in the storage unit 30 as an initial value.
- the element data configuration unit 22 uses the initial values acquired in step ST300 to make temporary detection data SA 1 to SA n calculated from temporary element data PA 1 to PA m approach detection data S 1 to S n . , The data configuration process of correcting the temporary element data PA 1 to PA m is repeated.
- One feature of the input device is that the data configuration process of step ST305 that is repeatedly executed is further divided into a plurality of partial data configuration processes (ST310).
- the n electrodes E 1 to E n are classified into a plurality of electrode groups (subsets).
- the plurality of partial data configuration processes (ST310) correspond one-to-one with the plurality of electrode groups.
- Each partial data configuration process (ST310) includes a process similar to the four steps (ST220, ST225, ST230, ST235) in FIG.
- the element data configuration unit 22 sequentially performs the plurality of partial data configuration processes (ST310) in one data configuration process (ST305). When partial data configuration processing (ST310) is performed for all electrode groups (subsets), the element data configuration unit 22 completes one data configuration processing (ST305) (ST320). When one data composition process (ST305) is completed, element data composition unit 22 confirms the number of repetitions of the data composition process (ST310) so far, and if it does not reach the prescribed frequency, data composition process (ST305 again) )repeat. When the number of repetitions reaches the specified number, the element data configuration unit 22 determines the temporary element data PA 1 to PA m corrected by the last data formation process (ST 305) as the normal element data P 1 to P m. Are stored in a predetermined storage area of the storage unit 30.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of one partial data configuration process (ST 305) in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the element data configuration unit 22 converts n pieces of temporary element data PA 1 to PA m into k pieces of detection data S q to S r corresponding to k pieces of electrodes E q to E r . This conversion is expressed by the following equation.
- the k ⁇ m matrix (first partial transformation matrix) on the left side in Expression (23) is a partial matrix of the n ⁇ m matrix (first transformation matrix K) in Expression (5) or the like.
- the element data configuration unit 22 calculates m second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m indicating magnifications to be multiplied by the m temporary element data PA 1 to PA m . That is, the element data configuration unit 22 generates k first coefficients ⁇ q to ⁇ r into m second coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ based on known information (constant data K ij ) determined by the partition pattern and the electrode pattern. Convert to ⁇ m .
- Second coefficient beta j in one section A j can be approximated to a value obtained by averaging the first coefficient ⁇ q ⁇ ⁇ r of k calculated by applying weighting constant data K qj ⁇ K rj in step ST415 .
- the second coefficient ⁇ j is expressed by this approximation as follows.
- Expression (25) is expressed as the following expression using a matrix.
- the m ⁇ k matrix (second partial transformation matrix) on the left side of Equation (26) is known information determined by the arrangement pattern of the n electrodes E 1 to E n .
- the factor ⁇ j by which each component (K qj to K rj ) of the j-th row is multiplied in this m ⁇ k second partial transformation matrix is adjusted so that the sum of the components in one row becomes “1”. Is a factor for
- m segments are provided using n electrodes E 1 to E n smaller than the m segments A 1 to A m as in the first embodiment.
- M element data P 1 to P m indicating the state of proximity to the object can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to obtain data representing a two-dimensional distribution of capacitance on the operation surface while reducing the number of electrodes compared to the conventional image sensing method.
- correction of temporary element data PA 1 to PA m based on only detection data (S q to S r ) corresponding to a part of the electrodes (E q to E r ) is a stage Be done. Therefore, as compared with the input device according to the first embodiment, the effect of averaging in the conversion from the first coefficient ⁇ i to the second coefficient ⁇ j (Equation (26)) is weaker, and temporary correction by one correction is possible. The amount of change of the element data PA 1 to PA m becomes large. Therefore, the provisional element data PA 1 to PA m easily converge to the final value with a smaller number of repetitions than the input device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the process of configuring element data in the input device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for describing the partial data configuration process (ST 315) of the modified example shown in FIG.
- the element data configuration unit 22 when the element data configuration unit 22 performs the first partial data configuration process (ST 315) in the first data configuration process (ST 305), the element data configuration unit 22 does not perform the calculation step (ST 405) of temporary detection data SA q to SA r.
- a predetermined initial value of temporary detection data SA q to SA r is acquired from unit 30 or the like (ST 400, ST 410).
- the element data configuration unit 22 When performing the second and subsequent partial data configuration processing (ST 315), the element data configuration unit 22 temporarily detects data based on temporary element data PA 1 to PA m corrected by the previous partial data configuration processing (ST 315). SA q to SA r are calculated (ST 405).
- the processing speed is improved by omitting the calculation step (ST405) of the temporary detection data SA q to SA r when the first partial data construction process (ST 315) in the first data construction process (ST 305) is performed. it can.
- the present embodiment relates to the electrode pattern of the sensor unit 10, and the other configuration is the same as the input device according to the above-described embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing an example of an electrode pattern for one section in the input device according to the third embodiment.
- overlapping portions of four electrodes (E a , E b , E c , and E d ) gather in one section.
- Each electrode has a spiral similar pattern in one section. The four spiral patterns closely fill the interior of one section without overlapping each other.
- the spiral pattern of the electrodes is linearly arranged from one adjacent section to one section.
- the arrangement direction is classified into four, that is, the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, the direction extending from the lower left to the upper right, and the direction extending from the lower right to the upper left.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the electrodes E a , E b , E c , and E d extending in the four directions, one by one.
- the number of sections across one electrode is 12 in each direction. In the illustrated example, 12 ⁇ 12 matrix-like segments are formed.
- One spiral pattern and another spiral pattern belonging to the same electrode are connected by, for example, vias in the inner layer wiring of the substrate.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing that electrodes extending in four directions cross in one section. As shown in FIG. 15, each section is located on the intersection of electrodes extending in four directions. When a finger or the like approaches one section, changes in capacitance occur substantially equally in the four electrodes included in the section.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a process of configuring element data based on detection data obtained by the sensor unit 10 having an electrode pattern as shown in FIGS. 13 to 15.
- 144 pieces of element data when the operation surface is touched with three fingers are configured based on 48 pieces of detection data.
- the data construction process is repeated with the initial values of all 144 pieces of provisional element data set to “1”, it can be seen that peaks of three fingers appear each time the cycle is repeated.
- temporary element data almost similar to the original data is configured.
- the present embodiment four types of electrodes linearly extending in four directions cross each other in a section arranged in a matrix, and in each section, the spiral similarities are obtained.
- the four types of electrodes having the same shape are closely combined to fill the space without gaps. Therefore, when the number of rows and the number of columns of the sections increase, the number of sections increases in accordance with the product of the number of rows and the number of columns, while the number of electrodes increases in proportion to the number of rows or the number of columns It will only do. Therefore, as the number of rows and columns of sections increases, the difference between the total number of sections and the number of electrodes increases. That is, the number of electrodes is significantly reduced as compared to the conventional image sensing method.
- the scan time and the number of scans of the electrode per fixed time can be increased, so that the detection sensitivity of the capacitance can be enhanced.
- the distribution of the four electrodes in one section becomes uniform, even if the proximity position of the object in the section changes, the capacitance of the four electrodes does not easily vary, and the accuracy of the element data configured Can be improved.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but includes various variations.
- At least one set of element data groups (P 1 to P m ) configured immediately before may be used as the initial value of the data configuration process.
- the initial value of the temporary element data PA 1 ⁇ PA m a series of element data including the last are elements and data P 1 ⁇ P m configuration, the last minute A group mean value, a value estimated using a series of element data groups, or the like may be used.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a case where the initial value is changed to one close to the original data and the same element data as in FIG. 16 is configured. Comparing FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in the case of FIG. 16, three fingers are not clearly appeared at the third time, but FIG. 17 obtains provisional element data substantially the same as the original data at the third time. As described above, if the initial value close to the original data can be estimated, it is possible to improve the configuration accuracy and the convergence speed of the element data. As a method of estimating the original data, for example, there is a method of estimating based on the movement direction of the finger, the movement speed, etc. from the element data obtained most recently.
- the original data may be inferred from the element data obtained most recently by utilizing “high”, and may be used as an initial value.
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Abstract
Description
また、一の前記電極と前記物体とが形成する前記第1静電容量は、当該一の電極に属する全ての前記重なり部分と前記物体との第2静電容量を合成したものとみなされるため、前記第1静電容量に応じた前記検出データは、1つ若しくは複数の前記区画における当該一の電極の前記第2静電容量に関する情報を与える。
そして、前記n個の電極の各々は、前記重なり部分を持つ前記区画の組み合わせが他の電極と異なるか、同一の前記区画に含まれる前記重なり部分の面積が他の電極と異なる。そのため、前記n個の電極について得られる前記n個の検出データは、前記m個の区画における各電極の前記第2静電容量に関する独立した情報をもたらす。
前記要素データ構成部では、前記n個の検出データに含まれる前記m個の区画の各電極の前記第2静電容量に関する情報と、前記所定の情報によって与えられる前記m個の区画の各電極の前記容量比に関する情報とに基づいて、前記m個の区画の前記第3静電容量に応じた前記m個の要素データが構成される。
従って、前記m個の区画より少ない前記n個の電極を用いて、前記m個の区画における前記物体との近接の状態を示す前記m個の要素データが得られる。
前記データ構成処理を繰り返すことにより、構成される前記m個の要素データの精度が向上する。
この場合、前記要素データ構成部は、前記第1処理において、一の前記区画における一の前記電極の前記重なり部分の前記面積比に応じた定数データを一の成分とし、前記m個の区画及び前記n個の電極に対応したm×n個の成分からなる第1変換行列に基づいて、前記m個の要素データの仮定値を成分とする行列を、前記n個の検出データの仮定値を成分とする行列に変換してよい。
また、この場合、前記要素データ構成部は、前記第3処理において、一の前記区画における一の前記電極の前記重なり部分の前記面積比に応じた定数データを一の成分とし、前記m個の区画及び前記n個の電極に対応したm×n個の成分からなる第2変換行列に基づいて、前記n個の第1係数を成分とする行列を、前記m個の第2係数を成分とする行列に変換してもよい。
上記の構成によれば、前記操作面に複数の物体が近接した場合でも、それぞれの物体の近接状態に対応した前記操作面上の前記第3静電容量の分布を忠実に表した前記m個の要素データが構成される。
前記第1処理を省略することにより、処理速度が向上する。
直前に構成された要素データに基づく初期値を用いて前記第1処理を行うことにより、構成される前記m個の要素データの精度が向上する。
例えば、前記k個の電極からなる前記一の電極群に対応した前記一の部分データ構成処理は、前記m個の要素データの仮定値を、前記所定の情報に基づいて、前記k個の検出データの仮定値に変換する第1処理と、前記k個の検出データの仮定値が前記k個の検出データと等しくなるために前記k個の検出データの仮定値に乗じるべき倍率を示すk個の第1係数を算出する第2処理と、前記k個の第1係数を、前記所定の情報に基づいて、前記m個の要素データに乗じるべき倍率を示すm個の第2係数に変換する第3処理と、前記m個の要素データの仮定値を、前記m個の第2係数に基づいて修正する第4処理とを含んでよい。
この場合、前記要素データ構成部は、前記第1処理において、一の前記区画における一の前記電極の前記重なり部分の前記面積比に応じた定数データを一の成分とし、前記m個の区画及び前記k個の電極に対応したm×k個の成分からなる第1部分変換行列に基づいて、前記m個の要素データの仮定値を成分とする行列を、前記k個の検出データの仮定値を成分とする行列に変換してよい。
また、この場合、前記要素データ構成部は、前記第3処理において、一の前記区画における一の前記電極の前記重なり部分の前記面積比に応じた定数データを一の成分とし、前記m個の区画及び前記k個の電極に対応したm×k個の成分からなる第2部分変換行列に基づいて、前記k個の第1係数を成分とする行列を、前記m個の第2係数を成分とする行列に変換してよい。
上記の構成においても、前記操作面に複数の物体が近接した場合の前記第3静電容量の分布を忠実に表した前記m個の要素データが構成される。
前記第1処理を省略することにより、処理速度が向上する。
直前に構成された要素データに基づく初期値を用いて前記第1処理を行うことにより、構成される前記m個の要素データの精度が向上する。
これにより、前記区画内に含まれる各電極の前記重なり部分の前記第2静電容量と前記第3静電容量との比が、前記区画内における前記物体の近接位置に応じてばらつきを生じ難くなる。
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る入力装置の構成の一例を示す図である。
図1に示す入力装置は、センサ部10と、処理部20と、記憶部30と、インターフェース部40を有する。本実施形態に係る入力装置は、センサが設けられた操作面に指やペンなどの物体を接触若しくは近接させることによって、その接触若しくは近接の位置に応じた情報を入力する装置である。なお、本明細書における「近接」とは、接触した状態で近くにあることと、接触しない状態で近くにあることを両方含む。
センサ部10は、操作面に配設されたn個の電極E1~Enと、この電極E1~Enに指やペンなどの物体が近づくことによって物体と電極E1~Enとの間に形成される静電容量(第1静電容量)を検出する静電容量検出部12を有する。
すなわち、電極E1~Enは、区画A1~Amとの重なり方のパターンがそれぞれ異なるように操作面上に配設される。
以降の説明では、電極Eiと物体との静電容量(第1静電容量)に応じて静電容量検出部12から出力される検出データを「Si」(1≦i≦n)とする。静電容量検出部12は、n個の電極E1~Enに対応したn個の検出データS1~Snを出力する。
処理部20は、入力装置の全体的な動作を制御する回路であり、例えば、記憶部30に格納されるプログラムの命令コードに従って処理を行うコンピュータや、特定の機能を実現するロジック回路を含んで構成される。処理部20の処理は、その全てをコンピュータにおいてプログラムに基づいて実現してもよいし、その一部若しくは全部を専用のロジック回路で実現してもよい。
記憶部30は、処理部20において処理に使用される定数データや変数データを記憶する。処理部20がコンピュータを含む場合、記憶部30は、そのコンピュータにおいて実行されるプログラムを記憶してもよい。記憶部30は、例えば、DRAMやSRAMなどの揮発性メモリ、フラッシュメモリなどの不揮発性メモリ、ハードディスクなどを含んで構成される。
インターフェース部40は、入力装置と他の制御装置(入力装置を搭載する情報機器のコントロール用ICなど)との間でデータをやり取りするための回路である。処理部20は、記憶部30に記憶される情報(物体の座標情報、物体数など)をインターフェース部40から図示しない制御装置へ出力する。また、インターフェース部40は、処理部20のコンピュータにおいて実行されるプログラムを不図示のディスクドライブ装置(非一時的記録媒体に記録されたプログラムを読み取る装置)やサーバなどから取得して、記憶部30にロードしてもよい。
処理部20は、センサ部10の静電容量検出部12から、操作面上における各電極Eの第1静電容量変化ΔCEiを示す検出データS1~Snを取得する。
処理部20は、ステップST100において取得した検出データS1~Snが、操作面に物体が近接したことを示す所定の閾値を超えているか否か判定する。閾値を超える検出データSiが含まれる場合、処理部20は次のステップST110に移行し、閾値を超える検出データSiが含まれない場合は処理を終了する。
処理部20の要素データ構成部22は、ステップST100において取得したn個の検出データS1~Snに基づいて、m個の要素データP1~Pmを構成する。
処理部20の座標計算部23は、ステップST110において構成されたm個の要素データP1~Pmに基づいて、操作面に近接した各物体の座標を計算する。
要素データ構成部22は、後述のループ処理において用いられる仮要素データPA1~PAmの初期値を取得する。要素データ構成部22は、例えば予め記憶部30に格納された定数データを初期値として取得する。
要素データ構成部22は、ステップST200において取得した初期値を用いて、仮要素データPA1~PAmから算出される仮検出データSA1~SAnが検出データS1~Snへ近づくように、仮要素データPA1~PAmを修正する処理(データ構成処理)を繰り返す。ステップST205のデータ構成処理には、4つのステップ(ST220,ST225,ST230,ST235)が含まれる。
データ構成処理(ST205)が完了すると、要素データ構成部22はそれまでの繰り返し回数を確認し、規定回数に達していない場合は、再びデータ構成処理(ST205)を繰り返す。繰り返し回数が規定回数に達した場合、要素データ構成部22は、最後のデータ構成処理(ST205)によって修正された仮要素データPA1~PAmを、正規の要素データP1~Pmとして確定し、記憶部30の所定の記憶エリアに格納する。
図5Aの例では、行列状のパターンによって6つの区画A1~A6が設定されている。この行列パターンにおいて、縦方向は2行、横方向は3列となっている。本例では、この2×3個の区画A1~A6に対応した2×3個の要素データP1~P6が構成される。
図5Bの例では、2×3個の行列状の区画パターン中に5つの電極E1~E5が配設される。電極E1は横方向の3つの区画A1~A3にまたがり、電極E2は横方向の3つの区画A4~A6にまたがる。電極E3は縦方向の2つの区画A1,A4にまたがり、電極E4は縦方向の2つの区画A2,A5にまたがり、電極E5は縦方向の2つの区画A3,A6にまたがる。
図6において示すように、各電極Eの重なり部分には、縦方向に伸びた複数の電極片EPが櫛状に設けられている。同一の区画Aに位置する複数の電極片EPの各々は、異なる電極Eの電極片EPに隣接している。すなわち、区画A内において、各電極Eが均一に分布するように配設されている。これにより、区画A内に含まれる各電極Eの重なり部分の静電容量(第2静電容量)と全電極の重なり部分の静電容量(第3静電容量)との比(式(3))が、区画A内における物体の近接位置に応じてばらつきを生じ難くなるため、構成される要素データPjの精度を向上させることができる。
また、電極E2の第1静電容量変化ΔCE2は、区画A4~A6における第3静電容量変化ΔCA4~ΔCA6の各2分の1を足し合わせたものにほぼ等しくなる(図6B)。
同様に、電極E3の第1静電容量変化ΔCE3は、区画A1,A4における第3静電容量変化ΔCA1,ΔCA4の各2分の1を足し合わせたものにほぼ等しくなる(図6C)。
電極E4の第1静電容量変化ΔCE4は、区画A2,A5における第3静電容量変化ΔCA2,ΔCA6の各2分の1を足し合わせたものにほぼ等しくなる(図6D)。
電極E5の第1静電容量変化ΔCE5は、区画A3,A6における第3静電容量変化ΔCA2,ΔCA6の各2分の1を足し合わせたものにほぼ等しくなる(図6E)。
以上をまとめると、次式のようになる。
この場合、検出データS1,S2,…,S5の値は次式のように算出される。
まず要素データ構成部22は、ステップST200で取得した仮要素データPA1~PA6の初期値を、仮検出データSA1~SA5に変換する(ST220)。仮要素データPA1~PA6の初期値を全て「1」とした場合、ループ処理の第1回目における仮検出データSA1~SA5は次式のように計算される。
同様に、第2係数β2は第1係数α1と第1係数α4の平均値に、第2係数β3は第1係数α1と第1係数α5の平均値に、第2係数β4は第1係数α2と第1係数α3の平均値に、第2係数β5は第1係数α2と第1係数α4の平均値に、第2係数β6は第1係数α2と第1係数α5の平均値にそれぞれ近似できる。
以上をまとめると、次式のようになる。
また、一の電極Eiと物体とが形成する第1静電容量変化ΔCEiは、一の電極Eiに属する全ての重なり部分と物体との第2静電容量変化ΔCEijを合成したものとみなされるため(式(2))、第1静電容量変化ΔCEiに応じた値を持つ検出データSiは、1つ若しくは複数の区画Aにおける電極Eiの第2静電容量変化ΔCEijに関する情報を与える。
そして、電極E1~Enの各々は、重なり部分を持つ区画Aの組み合わせが他の電極Eと異なるか、同一の区画Aに含まれる重なり部分の面積が他の電極Eと異なる。そのため、電極E1~Enについて得られる検出データS1~Snは、区画A1~Amにおける各電極Eiの第2静電容量変化ΔCEijに関する独立した情報をもたらす。
要素データ構成部22では、これらの情報、すなわち、検出データS1~Snに含まれる各区画Aj及び各電極Eiの第2静電容量変化ΔCEijに関する情報と、既知の定数データKijによってもたらされる各区画Aj及び各電極Eiの容量比(ΔCEij/ΔCAj)に関する情報とに基づいて、区画A1~Amの第3静電容量変化ΔCA1~ΔCAmに応じた要素データP1~Pmが構成される。
また、複数の区画Aをまたいで電極Eが配設されることにより、電極Eの面積が大きくなり、静電容量の検出感度を高めることができる。
図8は、本実施形態に係る入力装置における要素データの構成処理の変形例を説明するための図である。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。
本実施形態に係る入力装置の構成は、ステップST110における要素データP1~Pmの構成処理(図3)に相違がある点を除いて、第1の実施形態に係る入力装置と同じである。そこで、以下では、要素データP1~Pmの構成処理における相違点を中心に説明する。
要素データ構成部22は、後述のデータ構成処理(ST305)において用いられる仮要素データPA1~PAmの初期値を取得する。要素データ構成部22は、例えば予め記憶部30に格納された定数データを初期値として取得する。
要素データ構成部22は、ステップST300において取得した初期値を用いて、仮要素データPA1~PAmから算出される仮検出データSA1~SAnが検出データS1~Snへ近づくように、仮要素データPA1~PAmを修正するデータ構成処理を繰り返す。
要素データ構成部22は、n個の仮要素データPA1~PAmを、k個の電極Eq~Erに対応するk個の検出データSq~Srに変換する。この変換は、次の式で表される。
要素データ構成部22は、ステップST405において算出した仮検出データSAq~SArが検出データSq~Srと等しくなるために仮検出データSAq~SArに乗じるべき倍率を示す第1係数αq~αrを算出する。この計算は、次の式で表される。
要素データ構成部22は、m個の仮要素データPA1~PAmに乗じるべき倍率を示すm個の第2係数β1~βmを算出する。すなわち、要素データ構成部22は、区画パターンと電極パターンにより決まる既知の情報(定数データKij)に基づいて、k個の第1係数αq~αrをm個の第2係数β1~βmに変換する。
図11は、第2の実施形態に係る入力装置における要素データの構成処理の変形例を説明するための図である。また図12は、図11に示す変形例の部分データ構成処理(ST315)について説明するためのフローチャートである。
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態について説明する。
本実施形態は、センサ部10の電極パターンに関するものであり、その他の構成については上述した実施形態に係る入力装置と同様である。
そのため、区画の行数と列数がそれぞれ増えた場合、区画の数は行数と列数の積に応じて増大するのに対して、電極の数は行数若しくは列数に比例して増大するのみとなる。そのため、区画の行数及び列数が増えるほど、全体の区画数と電極数との差は大きくなる。すなわち、従来のイメージセンシング方式に比べて電極数が大幅に少なくなる。これにより、一定時間当たりの電極のスキャン時間やスキャン回数を増やすことができるため、静電容量の検出感度を高めることができる。
また、1区画内における4つの電極の分布が均一になるため、区画内の物体の近接位置が変化しても4つの電極の静電容量にばらつきが生じ難くなり、構成される要素データの精度を向上させることができる。
例えば、図4のステップST200や図9のステップST300において、仮要素データPA1~PAmの初期値として、前回構成された要素データP1~Pmや、前回の分を含む一連の要素データ群の平均値、一連の要素データ群を用いて推定される値などを用いてもよい。
Claims (14)
- 操作面への物体の近接に応じた情報を入力する入力装置であって、
前記操作面を区分するm個の区画の各々と少なくとも1つが重なり部分を持つように前記操作面上に配設されたn個(nはmより小さい自然数を示す。)の電極と、
前記操作面に近接する物体と前記n個の電極とが形成する第1静電容量に応じたn個の検出データを出力する静電容量検出部と、
一の前記区画内に位置する一以上の前記電極の前記重なり部分がそれぞれ前記物体との間に形成する第2静電容量を合成した第3静電容量に応じた要素データを、前記m個の区画についてそれぞれ構成する要素データ構成部と
を備え、
前記n個の電極の各々は、前記重なり部分を持つ前記区画の組み合わせ、及び、同一の前記区画に含まれる前記重なり部分の面積の少なくとも一方において、他の前記電極と異なっており、
前記要素データ構成部は、前記m個の区画の各々において同一区画内に位置する個々の前記電極の前記重なり部分と当該重なり部分の全体との面積比に関する所定の情報と、前記静電容量検出部から出力される前記n個の検出データとに基づいて、前記m個の区画に対応するm個の前記要素データを構成する
ことを特徴とする入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、前記m個の要素データの仮定値から前記所定の情報に基づいて算出される前記n個の検出データの仮定値が、前記n個の検出データへ近づくように、前記m個の要素データの仮定値を前記所定の情報に基づいて修正するデータ構成処理を繰り返す
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の入力装置。 - 前記データ構成処理は、
前記m個の要素データの仮定値を、前記所定の情報に基づいて、前記n個の検出データの仮定値に変換する第1処理と、
前記n個の検出データの仮定値が前記n個の検出データと等しくなるために前記n個の検出データの仮定値に乗じるべき倍率を示すn個の第1係数を算出する第2処理と、
前記n個の第1係数を、前記所定の情報に基づいて、前記m個の要素データに乗じるべき倍率を示すm個の第2係数に変換する第3処理と、
前記m個の要素データの仮定値を、前記m個の第2係数に基づいて修正する第4処理とを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、前記第1処理において、一の前記区画における一の前記電極の前記重なり部分の前記面積比に応じた定数データを一の成分とし、前記m個の区画及び前記n個の電極に対応したm×n個の成分からなる第1変換行列に基づいて、前記m個の要素データの仮定値を成分とする行列を、前記n個の検出データの仮定値を成分とする行列に変換する
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、前記第3処理において、一の前記区画における一の前記電極の前記重なり部分の前記面積比に応じた定数データを一の成分とし、前記m個の区画及び前記n個の電極に対応したm×n個の成分からなる第2変換行列に基づいて、前記n個の第1係数を成分とする行列を、前記m個の第2係数を成分とする行列に変換する
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の入力装置。 - 前記n個の電極は、複数の電極群に分類されており、
前記要素データ構成部は、
一の前記データ構成処理において、前記複数の電極群と一対一に対応する複数の部分データ構成処理を順に行い、
k個(kはnより小さい自然数を示す。)の前記電極からなる一の前記電極群に対応した一の前記部分データ構成処理においては、前記m個の要素データの仮定値から前記所定の情報に基づいて算出されるk個の検出データの仮定値が、前記k個の電極と前記物体とが形成する第1静電容量に応じたk個の検出データへ近づくように、前記m個の要素データの仮定値を前記所定の情報に基づいて修正する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の入力装置。 - 前記k個の電極からなる前記一の電極群に対応した前記一の部分データ構成処理は、
前記m個の要素データの仮定値を、前記所定の情報に基づいて、前記k個の検出データの仮定値に変換する第1処理と、
前記k個の検出データの仮定値が前記k個の検出データと等しくなるために前記k個の検出データの仮定値に乗じるべき倍率を示すk個の第1係数を算出する第2処理と、
前記k個の第1係数を、前記所定の情報に基づいて、前記m個の要素データに乗じるべき倍率を示すm個の第2係数に変換する第3処理と、
前記m個の要素データの仮定値を、前記m個の第2係数に基づいて修正する第4処理とを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、前記第1処理において、一の前記区画における一の前記電極の前記重なり部分の前記面積比に応じた定数データを一の成分とし、前記m個の区画及び前記k個の電極に対応したm×k個の成分からなる第1部分変換行列に基づいて、前記m個の要素データの仮定値を成分とする行列を、前記k個の検出データの仮定値を成分とする行列に変換する
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、前記第3処理において、一の前記区画における一の前記電極の前記重なり部分の前記面積比に応じた定数データを一の成分とし、前記m個の区画及び前記k個の電極に対応したm×k個の成分からなる第2部分変換行列に基づいて、前記k個の第1係数を成分とする行列を、前記m個の第2係数を成分とする行列に変換する
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、初回の前記データ構成処理において、前記第1処理を省略し、前記n個の検出データの仮定値として所定のn個の初期値を用いて前記第2処理を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項3乃至5の何れか一項に記載の入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、初回の前記データ構成処理において、前記m個の要素データの仮定値として、直前に構成した少なくとも1組のm個の要素データに基づくm個の初期値を用いて前記第1処理を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項3乃至5の何れか一項に記載の入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、初回の前記データ構成処理における最初の前記部分データ構成処理において、前記第1処理を省略し、前記k個の検出データの仮定値として所定のk個の初期値を用いて前記第2処理を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項7乃至9の何れか一項に記載の入力装置。 - 前記要素データ構成部は、初回の前記データ構成処理における最初の前記部分データ構成処理において、前記第1処理における前記m個の要素データの仮定値として、直前に構成した少なくとも1組のm個の要素データに基づくm個の初期値を用いる
ことを特徴とする請求項7乃至9の何れか一項に記載の入力装置。 - 同一の前記区画内に位置する複数の前記電極の前記重なり部分は、互いに電気的に接続された複数の電極片をそれぞれ含んでおり、
同一の前記区画内に位置する複数の前記電極片の各々は、異なる前記電極に含まれた前記電極片に隣接する
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至15の何れか一項に記載の入力装置。
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