WO2016021324A1 - ガスタービンの高温部品、これを備えるガスタービン、及びガスタービンの高温部品の製造方法 - Google Patents
ガスタービンの高温部品、これを備えるガスタービン、及びガスタービンの高温部品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016021324A1 WO2016021324A1 PCT/JP2015/068346 JP2015068346W WO2016021324A1 WO 2016021324 A1 WO2016021324 A1 WO 2016021324A1 JP 2015068346 W JP2015068346 W JP 2015068346W WO 2016021324 A1 WO2016021324 A1 WO 2016021324A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- outer peripheral
- peripheral surface
- gas
- groove
- surface side
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
- F05D2240/127—Vortex generators, turbulators, or the like, for mixing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05D2240/305—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the pressure side of a rotor blade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/201—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by impingement of a fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
- F05D2260/2212—Improvement of heat transfer by creating turbulence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-temperature part of a gas turbine, a gas turbine including the same, and a method for manufacturing the high-temperature part of the gas turbine.
- combustion gas In a gas turbine, air compressed by a compressor is mixed with fuel in a combustor to generate combustion gas that is a high-temperature fluid. Combustion gas is introduced into a combustion gas flow path of a turbine in which stationary blades and moving blades are alternately arranged. In the turbine, the rotor blades and the rotor are rotated by the combustion gas flowing in the combustion gas flow path. Thus, the turbine outputs the combustion gas energy as rotational energy and gives rotational driving force to the compressor and the generator.
- the combustion gas flow path through which the combustion gas flows is formed in an annular shape with the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side surrounded by a wall portion.
- the wall portion of the combustion gas flow path is configured by arranging plate-like high-temperature parts in the circumferential direction and the axial direction.
- inner shrouds attached to the stationary blade proximal end are arranged annularly in the circumferential direction.
- platforms attached to the moving blade base end are annularly arranged in the circumferential direction at positions adjacent to each other in the axial direction along the combustion gas flow path.
- the annular bodies of the inner shroud and the platform are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the rotor, and the inner peripheral wall portion is configured.
- the outer shroud attached to the tip of the stationary blade is annularly arranged in the circumferential direction.
- divisional rings that are curved in an arc shape are arranged annularly in the circumferential direction at positions adjacent to each other in the axial direction along the combustion gas flow path.
- the high-temperature components that constitute such a combustion gas flow path and come into contact with the high-temperature combustion gas are cooled by using a part of the compressed air as cooling air.
- a cooling structure for cooling high-temperature components of a gas turbine for example, there is a cooling structure disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- a cooling air passage extending in the axial direction is formed on the end face of the shroud of the stationary blade.
- a groove extending in the axial direction is formed on the end face of the shroud of the stationary blade.
- a cooling air flow path extending in the axial direction is formed by closing the opening of the groove with a plug.
- the present invention provides a high-temperature component of a gas turbine capable of efficiently cooling an outer peripheral surface, a gas turbine including the high-temperature component of the gas turbine, and a method for manufacturing the high-temperature component of the gas turbine.
- the high-temperature component of the gas turbine in the first aspect of the present invention defines an annular combustion gas flow path through which combustion gas flows around the rotor.
- the high-temperature component of the gas turbine includes a plate-like member having a gas path surface facing at least one of the inner side and the outer side in the radial direction of the rotor in the combustion gas flow path.
- the plate-like member has a cooling flow passage formed therein along an outer peripheral surface intersecting the gas path surface.
- the plate-like member has an outer peripheral surface side turbulator protruding from the outer peripheral surface side of the inner surface of the cooling flow passage.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator that protrudes from the outer peripheral surface side of the inner surface of the cooling flow passage is formed. Therefore, the cooling air flows through the cooling flow passage while colliding with the outer peripheral surface side turbulator.
- the flow of the cooling air can be disturbed so as to break the boundary layer of the cooling air generated along the inner surface on the outer peripheral surface side of the cooling flow passage. Therefore, the flow velocity of the cooling air flowing in the vicinity of the inner surface on the outer peripheral surface side of the cooling flow passage is increased, and the heat transfer coefficient on the outer peripheral surface side can be improved.
- the high-temperature component of the gas turbine may include a gas path surface side turbulator protruding from the gas path surface side of the inner surface of the cooling flow passage.
- the gas path surface side turbulator that protrudes from the gas path side in the inner surface of the cooling flow passage is formed. Therefore, the cooling air flows through the cooling flow passage while colliding with the gas path surface side turbulator.
- the cooling air collides with the gas path surface side turbulator the flow of the cooling air can be disturbed so as to break the boundary layer of the cooling air generated along the inner surface of the cooling flow passage on the gas path surface side. Therefore, the flow velocity of the cooling air flowing in the vicinity of the inner surface of the cooling flow passage on the gas path surface side is increased, and the heat transfer coefficient on the gas path surface side can be improved. Therefore, the gas path surface of the high-temperature component can be efficiently cooled.
- the cooling flow passage may be formed by a groove that is recessed from the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like member and a lid that closes the opening of the groove.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator may be provided on the lid.
- the cooling flow passage can be easily formed by closing the groove recessed from the outer peripheral surface with the lid.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator By forming the outer peripheral surface side turbulator in the lid portion separable from the plate-like member, the outer peripheral surface side turbulator can be easily processed. Therefore, it is possible to easily form the outer peripheral surface side turbulator in an arbitrary place or an arbitrary shape in the cooling flow passage. Thereby, the cooling flow path which can cool an outer peripheral surface efficiently can be formed easily.
- the cooling flow passage may be formed by a groove that is recessed from the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like member and a lid that closes the opening of the groove.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator may be provided in the lid portion, and the gas path surface side turbulator may be provided in the groove portion.
- the gas path surface side turbulator protruding from the inner surface on the gas path surface side is formed in the groove portion recessed from the outer peripheral surface.
- a gas path surface side turbulator can be formed easily.
- the gas path surface side turbulator can be easily processed from the outer peripheral surface side by forming the gas path surface side turbulator so as to protrude from the inner surface of the gas path surface side connected to the opening of the groove portion. Therefore, the gas path surface side turbulator can be easily formed in the cooling flow passage at any location or in any shape. Thereby, the cooling flow path which can cool a gas path surface efficiently can be formed easily.
- the cooling flow passage may be formed by a groove that is recessed from the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like member and a lid that closes the opening of the groove.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator and the gas path surface side turbulator may be provided on the lid.
- the gas path surface side turbulator and the outer peripheral surface side turbulator are formed on the lid portion separable from the plate member.
- the gas path surface side turbulator can be processed easily.
- a cooling flow passage can be formed only by forming a simple depression on the outer peripheral surface as the groove. Therefore, it is possible to more easily form the gas path surface side turbulator in an arbitrary place or an arbitrary shape in the cooling flow passage. Thereby, the cooling flow path which can cool a gas path surface efficiently can be formed more easily.
- the gas turbine according to the second aspect of the present invention includes the high-temperature component of the gas turbine.
- the cooling air can be efficiently used. Therefore, the quantity which supplies a part of compressed air as cooling air to a turbine can be reduced, and efficiency as a gas turbine can be improved.
- the method for manufacturing a high-temperature part of a gas turbine according to the third aspect of the present invention defines an annular combustion gas flow path through which combustion gas flows around the rotor.
- a manufacturing method of a high-temperature part of a gas turbine is an outer peripheral surface intersecting the gas path surface with respect to a plate-like member having a gas path surface facing at least one of the inner side and the outer side in the radial direction of the rotor in the combustion gas flow path.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator can be formed on the lid portion in the lid portion forming step while forming the groove portion from the outer peripheral surface side in the groove portion forming step. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface side turbulator can be easily processed by forming the outer peripheral surface side turbulator on the lid portion separable from the plate-like member.
- the cooling flow passage can be easily formed from the outer peripheral surface side by fixing the lid to the groove and closing the opening of the groove with the lid. Therefore, the cooling flow passage provided with the outer peripheral surface side turbulator can be easily formed.
- the gas path surface side turbulator protruding from the gas path surface side of the inner surface of the groove portion may be formed by performing processing from the outer peripheral surface side in the groove portion forming step.
- the gas path surface side turbulator can be easily formed by forming the gas path surface side turbulator together with the groove portion from the outer peripheral surface side in the groove portion forming step. Thereby, the cooling flow path provided with the gas path surface side turbulator can be easily formed.
- the cooling flow passage in which the outer peripheral turbulator is provided is formed.
- the outer peripheral surface can be efficiently cooled.
- the gas turbine 1 includes a compressor 10 that compresses outside air to generate compressed air, and a plurality of combustions that generate combustion gas G by burning fuel from a fuel supply source in the compressed air. And a turbine 30 driven by the combustion gas G.
- the turbine 30 includes a casing 31 and a turbine rotor 33 that rotates around the rotor axis Ar in the casing 31.
- the turbine rotor 33 is connected to, for example, a generator (not shown) that generates electricity by the rotation of the turbine rotor 33.
- the compressor 10 is disposed on one side of the axial direction Da parallel to the rotor axis Ar with respect to the turbine 30.
- the casing 31 of the turbine 30 has a cylindrical shape with the rotor axis Ar as the center.
- the plurality of combustors 20 are attached to the casing 31 at intervals in the circumferential direction Dc with respect to the rotor axis Ar.
- a part of the generated compressed air is supplied to the turbine 30 and the combustor 20 as cooling air.
- the side where the compressor 10 is arranged in the axial direction Da is the upstream side
- the side where the opposite turbine 30 is arranged is the downstream side.
- the side away from the rotor axis Ar is defined as the radially outer side
- the side approaching the rotor axis Ar is defined as the radially inner side.
- the turbine rotor 33 includes a rotor body 34 extending in the axial direction Da around the rotor axis Ar, and a plurality of blade rows attached to the rotor body 34 side by side in the axial direction Da. 35.
- Each of the blade rows 35 has a plurality of blades 36 that are attached to the rotor shaft Ar along the circumferential direction Dc with respect to the rotor shaft Ar.
- the rotor blade 36 includes a rotor blade body 37 extending in the radial direction Dr, a platform 38 provided on the radially inner side of the rotor blade body 37, and a blade root 39 provided on the radially inner side of the platform 38. have.
- the rotor blade 36 is fixed to the rotor body 34 by the blade root 39 being embedded in the rotor body 34.
- a stationary blade row 40 is disposed on each upstream side of the plurality of blade rows 35.
- Each of the stator blade rows 40 includes a plurality of stator blades 41 arranged in the circumferential direction Dc.
- Each of the stationary blades 41 is provided on the radially inner side of the stationary blade body 42, the stationary blade body 42 extending in the radial direction Dr, the outer shroud 43 provided on the radially outer side of the stationary blade body 42.
- An inner shroud 45 is provided on the radially inner side of the stationary blade body 42.
- a cylindrical blade ring 50 is arranged around the rotor axis Ar on the radially outer side of the moving blade row 35 and the stationary blade row 40 and inside the casing 31 in the radial direction.
- the blade ring 50 is fixed to the casing 31.
- the outer shroud 43 of the stationary blade 41 and the blade ring 50 are connected by a heat shield ring 52.
- a plurality of split rings 61 arranged in the circumferential direction Dc with the rotor axis Ar as a center are arranged.
- the plurality of split rings 61 arranged in the circumferential direction Dc have a ring shape.
- a moving blade row 35 is disposed on the radially inner side.
- Each of the plurality of split rings 61 arranged in the circumferential direction Dc is connected to the blade ring 50 by a heat shield ring 52.
- a combustion gas flow path Pg through which the combustion gas G flows is formed in the casing 31 of the turbine 30.
- the combustion gas flow path Pg includes an inner shroud 45 and an outer shroud 43 of the plurality of stationary blades 41 constituting the stationary blade row 40, and a platform 38 of the plurality of blades 36 constituting the moving blade row 35 on the downstream side thereof.
- the rotor ring 34 is defined in an annular shape around the rotor body 34.
- the stationary blade 41, the moving blade 36, and the split ring 61 are all high-temperature components of the gas turbine 1 that are in contact with the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas G that circulates in the combustion gas flow path Pg.
- the outer shroud 43 and the inner shroud 45 of the stationary blade 41 constituting the stationary blade row 40 will be collectively referred to as the high temperature component, and the shroud 450 will be described as an example.
- the shroud 450 is a plate-like member having a gas path surface 451 facing the inside in the radial direction Dr of the rotor shaft Ar in the combustion gas flow path Pg of the present embodiment.
- the shroud 450 has a plate shape that is curved in an arc shape around the rotor axis Ar.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic shape of the shroud 450 in the present embodiment.
- the shroud 450 projects from the gas path surface 451 toward the outside in the radial direction with the stationary blade body 42 integrated therewith.
- the side end surface 452 is a surface of the shroud 450 that intersects with the gas path surface 451 at the end in the circumferential direction Dc of the gas path surface 451 and extends long in the axial direction Da.
- the front edge end surface 453 is a surface that intersects with the gas path surface 451 at the upstream end in the axial direction Da of the gas path surface 451 and extends long in the circumferential direction Dc.
- the trailing edge end surface 454 is a surface that intersects with the gas path surface 451 at the downstream end in the axial direction Da of the gas path surface 451 and extends long in the circumferential direction Dc.
- the shroud 450 has a cooling flow passage 46 through which cooling air flows.
- the cooling flow passage 46 of the present embodiment is formed along the side end face 452 inside the shroud 450.
- the stationary blade body 42 is formed with a leading edge passage 421 and a trailing edge passage 422 for circulating cooling air therein.
- the cooling flow passage 46 of the present embodiment includes a connection flow passage 461 communicating with the leading edge passage 421 and a main cooling flow passage 462 formed along the side end surfaces 452 on both sides.
- the connecting flow passage 461 extends from the front edge passage 421 toward the front edge end face 453 side in the shroud 450 and then branches along the front edge end face 453 toward the side end faces 452 on both sides. Yes.
- the main cooling flow passage 462 is connected to the connection flow passage 461.
- the main cooling flow passages 462 are formed along the side end surfaces 452 on both sides.
- the main cooling flow passage 462 of this embodiment is connected to the connection flow passage 461 on the front edge end face 453 side.
- the main cooling flow passage 462 is connected to an opening formed on the rear edge end face 454 on the front edge end face 453 side.
- the shroud 450 includes a groove portion 47 that is recessed from the side end surface 452 or the front edge end surface 453 that is the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like member, and a lid portion 48 that closes the opening of the groove portion 47.
- a cooling flow passage 46 is formed inside the shroud 450 along the side end surface 452 and the front edge end surface 453 by the groove portion 47 and the lid portion 48.
- the groove 47 is formed from the front edge end face 453 side to the rear edge end face 454 along the direction including the axial Da component, which is the direction in which the side end face 452 extends.
- the groove portion 47 of the present embodiment is also formed between the side end surfaces 452 along the direction including the circumferential direction Dc component, which is the direction in which the front edge end surface 453 extends.
- the groove portion 47 of the present embodiment has a first groove portion 471 into which the lid portion 48 is fitted, and a second groove portion 472 formed inside the shroud 450 rather than the first groove portion 471.
- the first groove portion 471 is a square groove that is recessed vertically from the side end face 452 or the front edge end face 453.
- the second groove part 472 has a smaller cross-sectional shape than the first groove part 471.
- the second groove portion 472 is a square groove that is recessed vertically from the inner surface parallel to the side end surface 452 and the front edge end surface 453 among the inner surfaces of the first groove portion 471.
- a gas path surface side turbulator 473 is formed on the gas path surface 451 side of the inner surface.
- the gas path surface side turbulator 473 protrudes from the inner surface of the second groove portion 472 on the gas path surface 451 side.
- the gas path surface side turbulator 473 of the present embodiment projects in a rectangular shape from the opening on the first groove portion 471 side toward the inside on the inner surface of the second groove portion 472 on the gas path surface 451 side.
- a plurality of gas path surface side turbulators 473 of the groove portion 47 formed in the side end surface 452 are formed apart from each other in the direction in which the side end surface 452 extends.
- a plurality of gas path surface side turbulators 473 of the groove portion 47 formed on the front edge end surface 453 are formed apart from each other in the extending direction of the front edge end surface 453.
- the lid portion 48 that closes the opening of the groove portion 47 formed on the side end surface 452 is formed to extend from the front edge end surface 453 side to the rear edge end surface 454 along the side end surface 452.
- the lid portion 48 that closes the opening of the groove portion 47 formed on the front edge end surface 453 is formed to extend between the side end surfaces 452 along the front edge end surface 453.
- the lid portion 48 of the present embodiment has a lid main body 481 formed so as to be fitted into the first groove portion 471 and the second groove portion 472 with the lid main body 481 fitted into the first groove portion 471. And an outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 projecting out.
- the lid body 481 extends along the direction in which the side end surface 452 and the front edge end surface 453 extend so as to fit into the first groove 471.
- a groove portion closing surface 481 a that is a plane for closing the opening of the second groove portion 472 is formed on the second groove portion 472 side in the cross-sectional shape.
- the lid main body 481 is formed so as to reduce in diameter as it goes outward in the cross-sectional shape.
- the lid main body 481 disposed on the side end surface 452 is formed such that the side end surface 452 side, which is the outer side in the cross-sectional shape, is reduced in diameter toward the side end surface 452 side.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 protrudes from the groove closing surface 481a of the lid main body 481. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 protrudes from the side end surface 452 side or the front edge end surface 453 side of the cooling flow passage 46 in a state in which the lid main body 481 is fitted in the first groove portion 471.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 protrudes in a rectangular shape from the groove portion closing surface 481a so as to cross in the width direction of the groove portion closing surface 481a.
- a plurality of outer peripheral surface side turbulators 482 are formed apart from each other along the direction in which the lid main body 481 extends.
- the manufacturing method of the high temperature component of the gas turbine 1 in this embodiment is demonstrated.
- the high-temperature component of the gas turbine 1 that defines the combustion gas flow path Pg through which the combustion gas G flows around the rotor body 34 is manufactured.
- a case where a shroud 450 that is a plate-like member is manufactured will be described as an example.
- the manufacturing method of the high-temperature component of the gas turbine 1 of the present embodiment includes a groove portion forming step S1 for forming the groove portion 47 recessed from the outer peripheral surface with respect to the shroud 450, and a lid portion for forming the lid portion 48 for closing the opening of the groove portion 47.
- a forming step S2 and a lid fixing step S3 for fixing the lid 48 to the groove 47 are included.
- Groove part formation process S1 forms the groove part 47 in the side end surface 452 or the front edge end surface 453 of the shroud 450.
- the groove portion 47 is formed along the direction in which the side end surface 452 extends by processing from the side end surface 452 side.
- the groove portion 47 is formed along the extending direction of the front edge end surface 453 by processing from the front edge end surface 453 side.
- the first groove 471 is formed on the side end surface 452 by performing processing from the side end surface 452 side. Thereafter, in the groove forming step S1, processing is performed from the side end face 452 side.
- the groove forming step S1 forms the second groove 472 recessed from the inner surface of the first groove 471 parallel to the side end surface 452 while forming the gas path surface turbulator 473 protruding from the inner surface on the gas path surface 451 side.
- the groove forming step S1 of the present embodiment engraves the shroud 450 from the side end face 452 side by electric discharge machining.
- the groove forming step S1 forms the first groove 471, the second groove 472, and the gas path surface side turbulator 473.
- electric discharge machining is performed from the front edge end surface 453 side.
- the first groove 471, the second groove 472, and the gas path surface side turbulator 473 are formed on the front edge end surface 453.
- the lid forming step S2 forms a lid 48 that is fitted into the groove 47.
- a lid main body 481 shaped to fit in the first groove 471 and close the opening of the second groove 472, and an outer peripheral surface side turbulator protruding from the groove closing surface 481a. 482.
- the groove portion forming step S1 the side end surface 452 side or the front edge end surface of the lid portion main body 481 without projecting the lid portion main body 481 from the side end surface 452 in a state where the lid portion main body 481 is fitted in the first groove portion 471.
- the lid body 481 is formed so that a space is created with respect to the first groove 471 on the 453 side.
- the lid portion 48 formed in the lid portion forming step S2 is fitted and fixed to the groove portion 47 formed in the groove portion forming step S1 so that the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 faces the groove portion 47.
- the lid main body 481 is fitted into the first groove 471 with the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 facing the second groove 472.
- the lid fixing step S3 is fixed by welding while forming the weld bead 49 so as to fill the gap between the lid main body 481 and the first groove 471 from the side end face 452 side or the front edge end face 453 side.
- the compressed air sent from the compressor 10 enters the casing 31 of the turbine 30 and flows into the combustor 20.
- the fuel supplied from the outside is burned together with the compressed air, and the combustion gas G is generated.
- This combustion gas G is in contact with the rotor blade main body 37 in the process of passing through the combustion gas flow path Pg, and rotates the turbine rotor 33 around the rotor axis Ar.
- the combustion gas G passing through the combustion gas flow path Pg flows into a gap between adjacent high-temperature components such as a gap in the circumferential direction Dc between the shrouds 450 and a gap in the axial direction Da between the shroud 450 and the platform 38. However, it flows downstream.
- a part of the compressed air from the compressor 10 is used as cooling air, and in order to cool the moving blades 36 and the stationary blades 41, the region inside the platform 38 in the radial direction and the diameter of the blade ring 50 in the casing 31 of the turbine 30. It flows into the area outside the direction.
- the cooling air that has flowed into the radially inner region of the platform 38 cools the platform 38 and the rotor blade body 37 from the inside through a flow path (not shown) formed inside each component.
- the cooling air that has flowed into the radially outer region of the blade ring 50 flows radially outward of the outer shroud 43 and the split ring 61 disposed on the radially inner side, and cools the outer shroud 43 and the split ring 61.
- the cooling air that has flowed to the outer side in the radial direction of the outer shroud 43 flows into the leading edge passage 421 and the trailing edge passage 422 of the stationary blade body 42 through a flow path (not shown) inside the outer shroud 43. Thereafter, the cooling air flows from the leading edge passage 421 into the connection flow passage 461 of the shroud 450.
- the lid portion 48 is fitted into the first groove portion 471 and welded and fixed. Thereby, the cooling air that has flowed into the connection flow passage 461 flows into the main cooling flow passage 462 formed by the second groove portion 472 and the groove portion closing surface 481a of the lid portion 48.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 protruding from the inner surface on the side end surface 452 side and the front edge end surface 453 side, and the gas path surface side protruding from the inner surface on the gas path surface 451 side.
- a turbulator 473 is formed.
- the cooling air flowing in from the leading edge passage 421 flows toward the trailing edge end surface 454 while colliding with the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 and the gas path surface side turbulator 473.
- the cooling air in the cooling flow passage 46 flows along the axial direction Da from the front edge end face 453 side, and is discharged from the opening of the rear edge end face 454 to the outside of the shroud 450.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 is formed so as to protrude from the side end surface 452 side or the front edge end surface 453 side of the inner surface of the cooling flow passage 46.
- the cooling air flows through the cooling flow passage 46 while colliding with the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482.
- the boundary layer of the cooling air generated along the groove closing surface 481a of the lid portion 48 which is the inner surface on the side end surface 452 side or the front edge end surface 453 side of the cooling flow passage 46 by the collision of the cooling air with the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482.
- the flow of cooling air can be disturbed so as to break the air.
- the flow velocity of the cooling air flowing in the vicinity of the groove portion closing surface 481a is increased, and the heat transfer coefficient on the side end surface 452 side or the front edge end surface 453 side can be improved. Therefore, the side end face 452 and the front edge end face 453 that are exposed to the high-temperature combustion gas G flowing into the gap between the shroud 450 adjacent in the circumferential direction Dc from the combustion gas flow path Pg can be efficiently cooled. it can.
- a gas path surface side turbulator 473 protruding from the gas path surface 451 side of the inner surface of the second groove portion 472 is formed. Therefore, the cooling air in the cooling flow passage 46 flows while colliding with the gas path surface side turbulator 473.
- the flow of the cooling air can be disturbed so as to break the boundary layer of the cooling air generated along the inner surface of the second groove portion 472 on the gas path surface 451 side. Therefore, the flow velocity of the cooling air flowing in the vicinity of the inner surface of the second groove 472 on the gas path surface 451 side is increased, and the heat transfer coefficient on the gas path surface 451 side can be improved. Therefore, the gas path surface 451 of the shroud 450 exposed to the high-temperature combustion gas G can be efficiently cooled by facing the combustion gas flow path Pg.
- the main cooling flow passage 462 is formed along the direction in which the side end surface 452 extends, the side end surface 452 can be efficiently cooled over the entire area.
- the connecting flow passage 461 along the direction in which the front edge end surface 453 extends, the front edge end surface 453 can be efficiently cooled over the entire region.
- the cooling flow passage 46 can be easily formed by closing the groove portion 47 recessed from the side end surface 452 or the front edge end surface 453 with the lid portion 48.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 can be easily processed. Therefore, it is possible to easily form the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 in the cooling flow passage 46 at an arbitrary location or an arbitrary shape. Thereby, the cooling flow passage 46 capable of efficiently cooling the side end face 452 and the front edge end face 453 can be easily formed in the shroud 450.
- the gas path surface side turbulator 473 By forming the gas path surface side turbulator 473 protruding from the inner surface on the gas path surface 451 side with respect to the second groove portion 472 recessed from the side end surface 452 or the front edge end surface 453, the gas path surface side turbulator 473 can be easily formed. Can do. Specifically, it is formed so as to protrude from the inner surface on the gas path surface 451 side connected to the opening of the second groove portion 472, so that the gas path passes through the opening of the second groove portion 472 from the side end surface 452 side or the front edge end surface 453 side.
- the surface side turbulator 473 can be easily processed. Therefore, the gas path surface side turbulator 473 can be easily formed in the cooling flow passage 46 at an arbitrary position or an arbitrary shape. Thereby, the cooling flow passage 46 capable of efficiently cooling the gas path surface 451 can be easily formed in the shroud 450.
- the cooling air can be efficiently used. Therefore, the amount of part of the compressed air supplied as cooling air to the turbine 30 can be reduced, and the efficiency of the gas turbine 1 can be improved.
- the lid portion is formed while forming the first groove portion 471 and the second groove portion 472 from the side end face 452 side or the front edge end face 453 side in the groove portion forming step S1.
- the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 can be formed on the lid portion 48 in the forming step S2. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 can be easily processed by forming the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 in the lid portion 48 that can be separated from the main body of the shroud 450.
- the lid 48 is welded and fixed to the first groove 471, and the opening of the second groove 472 is blocked by the groove blocking surface 481 a of the lid 48.
- the cooling flow path 46 can be easily formed from the side end face 452 side or the front edge end face 453 side. Therefore, the cooling flow passage 46 provided with the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 can be easily formed.
- the gas path surface side turbulator 473 can be easily formed by carving the gas path surface side turbulator 473 together with the second groove part 472 from the side end surface 452 side or the front edge end surface 453 side. Thereby, the cooling flow path 46 provided with the gas path surface side turbulator 473 can be easily formed.
- Second Embodiment High temperature components of the gas turbine 1 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the high temperature component of the gas turbine 1 of the second embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment regarding the configuration of the groove 47 and the lid 48.
- a shroud 450 will be described as an example of a high temperature component.
- a gas path surface side turbulator 473 is formed not on the groove portion 47 but on the lid portion 48.
- the shroud 450 of the second embodiment includes a deformation groove portion 47a in which the gas path surface side turbulator 473 is not formed, and a deformation lid portion 48a in which the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 and the gas path surface side turbulator 473 are formed.
- the deformed groove 47a is different from the groove 47 of the first embodiment in that the gas path surface side turbulator 473 is not provided.
- the deformed groove portion 47 a of this embodiment includes a first groove portion 471 and a second groove portion 472 having the same shape as the groove portion 47.
- the deformation lid portion 48a differs from the lid portion 48 of the first embodiment in that a gas path surface side turbulator 473 is formed.
- the deformed lid portion 48 a of this embodiment includes a lid portion main body 481, an outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482, and a deformed gas path surface side turbulator 483 that protrudes from the cover portion main body 481 more than the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482.
- the lid main body 481 and the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 have the same shape as in the first embodiment.
- a plurality of deformed gas path surface side turbulators 483 are formed on the deformed lid portion 48a so as to protrude from the inner surface of the cooling flow passage 46 on the gas path surface 451 side in a state where the deformed lid portion 48a closes the opening of the deformed groove portion 47a.
- the deformed gas path surface side turbulator 483 of the present embodiment is formed at a position where the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 of the lid body 481 is formed.
- the deformed gas path surface side turbulator 483 protrudes perpendicularly from a predetermined position in the width direction of the groove closing surface 481a in a rectangular shape.
- the predetermined position in the width direction of the groove closing surface 481a in the present embodiment is that the deformed gas path surface side turbulator 483 protruding from the lid main body 481 in the state where the lid main body 481 is fitted in the first groove 471 is the second position. This is the position where the groove portion 472 contacts the inner surface of the gas path surface 451 side.
- the deformed gas path surface side turbulator 483 and the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 are formed in the lid portion 48 that is separable from the shroud 450, so that the deformed gas path surface side turbulator 483 is formed. It can be easily processed.
- the cooling flow passage 46 can be formed only by forming a square groove, which is a simple depression, on the side end face 452 or the front edge end face 453 as the deformed groove 47a. Therefore, it is possible to more easily form the deformed gas path surface side turbulator 483 in the cooling flow passage 46 at an arbitrary position or an arbitrary shape. Thereby, the cooling flow passage 46 capable of efficiently cooling the gas path surface 451 can be more easily formed in the shroud 450.
- the shroud 450 is described as an example of the high-temperature component of the gas turbine 1, but the high-temperature component of the gas turbine 1 of the present invention is not limited to the shroud 450.
- the high temperature component of the gas turbine 1 including a plate-like component may be the platform 38 of the moving blade 36 or the split ring 61.
- the high temperature component of the gas turbine 1 may be a component including a plate-like member having a gas path surface 451 facing at least one of the inside and the outside in the radial direction Dr of the rotor shaft Ar in the combustion gas flow path Pg.
- the cooling flow path 46a may be formed in the platform front edge end surface 383 side which faces the upstream of the axial direction Da.
- a cooling flow passage 46b may be formed on the side of the front end surface 613 of the split ring that faces the upstream side.
- the main cooling flow passage 462 is not limited to being formed along the side end surface 452, but may be formed along the outer peripheral surface.
- the main cooling flow passage 462 may be formed along the front edge end surface 453 and the rear edge end surface 454 of the outer peripheral surface, and the front edge end surface 453 and the rear edge end surface along the entire circumference of the outer peripheral surface. It may be formed along all the surfaces of 454 and side end surface 452. Even when the main cooling flow passage 462 is formed along the side end face 452, it is not limited to being formed along the side end faces 452 on both sides, but only on either one side. It may be formed along the side end face 452.
- the shape of the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 and the gas path surface side turbulator 473 is not limited to the shape of the present embodiment, and the outer peripheral surface side turbulator 482 may protrude from the outer peripheral surface side of the inner surface of the cooling flow passage 46. Good.
- the gas path surface side turbulator 473 may protrude from the gas path surface 451 side of the inner surface of the cooling flow passage 46.
- the connecting flow passage 461 of the cooling flow passage 46 is not limited to the shape as in the present embodiment, and it is sufficient that the leading edge passage 421 of the stationary blade body 42 and the main cooling flow passage 462 are connected.
- the connecting flow passage 461 does not have a shape that extends from the front edge passage 421 toward the front edge end face 453 and branches to the main cooling flow passage 462 as in the present embodiment, but is connected to the main cooling flow passage 462 on both sides.
- Different connection flow paths 461 may be formed so as to be connected to the path 462, respectively.
- the outer peripheral surface can be efficiently cooled by forming the cooling flow passage provided with the outer peripheral turbulator inside.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年8月4日に出願された特願2014-158535号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
以下、本発明に係る第一実施形態について図1から図4を参照して説明する。
ガスタービン1は、図1に示すように、外気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成する圧縮機10と、燃料供給源からの燃料を圧縮空気中で燃焼させて燃焼ガスGを生成する複数の燃焼器20と、燃焼ガスGにより駆動するタービン30と、を備えている。
本実施形態では、高温部品として、静翼列40を構成する静翼41の外側シュラウド43や内側シュラウド45を総称して、シュラウド450を例に挙げて説明する。
本実施形態の冷却流通路46は、シュラウド450の内部で側端面452に沿って形成されている。具体的には、図3に示すように、本実施形態では、静翼本体42には、内部に冷却空気を流通させるための前縁通路421と後縁通路422とが形成されている。本実施形態の冷却流通路46は、この前縁通路421と連通する接続流通路461と、両側の側端面452に沿って形成される主冷却流通路462とを有する。
主冷却流通路462は、接続流通路461と接続されている。主冷却流通路462は、両側の側端面452に沿ってそれぞれ形成されている。本実施形態の主冷却流通路462は、前縁端面453側が接続流通路461に接続されている。主冷却流通路462は、前縁端面453側が後縁端面454に形成されている開口に接続されている。
第二溝部472は、第一溝部471よりも小さな断面形状をなしている。第二溝部472は、第一溝部471の内面のうち、側端面452や前縁端面453と平行な内面から垂直に窪む角溝である。本実施形態の第二溝部472は、内面のうち、ガスパス面451側にガスパス面側タービュレータ473が形成されている。
ガスタービン1の高温部品の製造方法では、ロータ本体34の周りに燃焼ガスGが流れる燃焼ガス流路Pgを画定するガスタービン1の高温部品を製造する。本実施形態のガスタービン1の高温部品の製造方法では、板状部材であるシュラウド450を製造する場合を例に挙げて説明する。本実施形態のガスタービン1の高温部品の製造方法は、シュラウド450に対して外周面から凹む溝部47を形成する溝部形成工程S1と、溝部47の開口を閉塞する蓋部48を形成する蓋部形成工程S2と、蓋部48を溝部47に固定する蓋部固定工程S3とを含む。
第一実施形態のガスタービン1によれば、圧縮機10から送られてきた圧縮空気は、タービン30のケーシング31内に入り、燃焼器20内に流れ込む。燃焼器20では、この圧縮空気と共に外部から供給される燃料を燃焼して、燃焼ガスGが生成される。この燃焼ガスGは、燃焼ガス流路Pgを通る過程で、動翼本体37に接して、タービンロータ33をロータ軸Ar回りに回転させる。この際、燃焼ガス流路Pgを通る燃焼ガスGは、シュラウド450同士の周方向Dcの隙間や、シュラウド450とプラットフォーム38との軸方向Daの隙間等の隣接する高温部品同士の隙間に流入しながら、下流側に流れていく。
次に、図5を参照して第二実施形態のガスタービン1の高温部品について説明する。
第二実施形態においては第一実施形態と同様の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。この第二実施形態のガスタービン1の高温部品は、溝部47と蓋部48の構成について第一実施形態と相違する。なお、第二実施形態においても高温部品として、シュラウド450を例に挙げて説明する。
10 圧縮機
20 燃焼器
30 タービン
Da 軸方向
Dc 周方向
Dr 径方向
31 ケーシング
Ar ロータ軸
33 タービンロータ
34 ロータ本体
35 動翼列
36 動翼
37 動翼本体
38 プラットフォーム
39 翼根
40 静翼列
41 静翼
42 静翼本体
421 前縁通路
422 後縁通路
43 外側シュラウド
45 内側シュラウド
451 ガスパス面
452 側端面
453 前縁端面
454 後縁端面
46 冷却流通路
461 接続流通路
462 主冷却流通路
47 溝部
471 第一溝部
472 第二溝部
473 ガスパス面側タービュレータ
48 蓋部
481 蓋部本体
481a 溝部閉塞面
482 外周面側タービュレータ
50 翼環
52 遮熱環
61 分割環
G 燃焼ガス
Pg 燃焼ガス流路
S1 溝部形成工程
S2 蓋部形成工程
S3 蓋部固定工程
47a 変形溝部
48a 変形蓋部
483 変形ガスパス面側タービュレータ
382 プラットフォーム側端縁
383 プラットフォーム前縁端面
612 分割環側端縁
613 分割環前縁端面
Claims (8)
- ロータの周りに燃焼ガスが流れる環状の燃焼ガス流路を画定するガスタービンの高温部品であって、
前記燃焼ガス流路における前記ロータの径方向の内側または外側の少なくとも一方に面するガスパス面を有する板状部材を備え、
前記板状部材は、前記ガスパス面と交差する外周面に沿って内部に冷却流通路が形成され、前記冷却流通路の内面のうち前記外周面側から突出する外周面側タービュレータを有するガスタービンの高温部品。 - 前記冷却流通路の内面のうち前記ガスパス面側から突出するガスパス面側タービュレータを備える請求項1に記載のガスタービンの高温部品。
- 前記冷却流通路は、前記板状部材の前記外周面から凹む溝部と、前記溝部の開口を閉塞する蓋部とによって形成され、
前記外周面側タービュレータは、前記蓋部に設けられる請求項1または請求項2に記載のガスタービンの高温部品。 - 前記冷却流通路は、前記板状部材の前記外周面から凹む溝部と、前記溝部の開口を閉塞する蓋部とによって形成され、
前記外周面側タービュレータは、前記蓋部に設けられ、
前記ガスパス面側タービュレータは、前記溝部に設けられる請求項2に記載のガスタービンの高温部品。 - 前記冷却流通路は、前記板状部材の前記外周面から凹む溝部と、前記溝部の開口を閉塞する蓋部とによって形成され、
前記外周面側タービュレータ及び前記ガスパス面側タービュレータは、前記蓋部に設けられる請求項2に記載のガスタービンの高温部品。 - 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のガスタービンの高温部品を備えるガスタービン。
- ロータの周りに燃焼ガスが流れる環状の燃焼ガス流路を画定するガスタービンの高温部品の製造方法であって、
前記燃焼ガス流路における前記ロータの径方向の内側または外側の少なくとも一方に面するガスパス面を有する板状部材に対して、前記ガスパス面と交差する外周面から凹む溝部を前記外周面に沿って形成する溝部形成工程と、
前記溝部の開口を閉塞する蓋部を形成する蓋部形成工程と、
前記蓋部を前記溝部に固定する蓋部固定工程とを含み、
前記蓋部形成工程では、前記蓋部から突出する外周面側タービュレータを形成し、
前記蓋部固定工程では、前記外周面側タービュレータを前記溝部に向けて固定するガスタービンの高温部品の製造方法。 - 前記溝部形成工程では、前記外周面側から加工を施すことによって、前記溝部の内面の前記ガスパス面側から突出するガスパス面側タービュレータを形成する請求項7に記載のガスタービンの高温部品の製造方法。
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CN201580001299.5A CN105452609B (zh) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-06-25 | 燃气涡轮机的高温部件、具备此高温部件的燃气涡轮机、以及燃气涡轮机高温部件的制造方法 |
US14/903,124 US9540934B2 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-06-25 | Hot part of gas turbine, gas turbine including the same, and manufacturing method of hot part of gas turbine |
KR1020167000137A KR101660679B1 (ko) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-06-25 | 가스터빈의 고온부품, 이를 구비하는 가스터빈, 및 가스터빈의 고온부품 제조방법 |
EP15816353.5A EP3009605B1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-06-25 | High-temperature component of gas turbine, gas turbine equipped with same, and method for manufacturing high-temperature component of gas turbine |
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JP7530307B2 (ja) | 2021-01-22 | 2024-08-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 流路形成板、これを備える翼及びガスタービン、並びに、流路形成板の製造方法 |
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Patent Citations (7)
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JPH09228803A (ja) | 1996-02-26 | 1997-09-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスタービン静翼シュラウドにおける冷却空気流路の加工方法 |
JPH10184310A (ja) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-14 | Hitachi Ltd | ガスタービン静翼 |
JPH10184309A (ja) * | 1996-12-26 | 1998-07-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 冷却溝用プラグ蓋の取付方法 |
JPH11132005A (ja) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-05-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスタービン静翼 |
JP2001254605A (ja) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスタービン冷却静翼 |
JP2006188962A (ja) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスタービン高温部品の冷却構造 |
JP2008229841A (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-02 | General Electric Co <Ge> | タービュレータ付き冷却孔を形成するための方法及びシステム |
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CN105452609B (zh) | 2017-06-30 |
TWI609128B (zh) | 2017-12-21 |
US20160222786A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
KR20160034888A (ko) | 2016-03-30 |
US9540934B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
CN105452609A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
JP5679246B1 (ja) | 2015-03-04 |
EP3009605A1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
JP2016035239A (ja) | 2016-03-17 |
EP3009605B1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
KR101660679B1 (ko) | 2016-09-27 |
EP3009605A4 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
TW201621149A (zh) | 2016-06-16 |
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