WO2016019886A1 - 一种锂离子蓄电池及其充放电控制方法 - Google Patents

一种锂离子蓄电池及其充放电控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2016019886A1
WO2016019886A1 PCT/CN2015/086247 CN2015086247W WO2016019886A1 WO 2016019886 A1 WO2016019886 A1 WO 2016019886A1 CN 2015086247 W CN2015086247 W CN 2015086247W WO 2016019886 A1 WO2016019886 A1 WO 2016019886A1
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lithium ion
battery
pwm
control unit
voltage
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PCT/CN2015/086247
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘克华
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明华锂电池科技有限公司
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Priority to GB1609088.8A priority Critical patent/GB2535396A/en
Priority to CN201580003153.4A priority patent/CN105849966B/zh
Priority to DE112015000398.3T priority patent/DE112015000398T5/de
Publication of WO2016019886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016019886A1/zh
Priority to US15/190,161 priority patent/US9882411B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H02J7/0026—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H02J7/007184—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H01M50/56—Cup shaped terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery for supplying power to an electronic circuit, and more particularly to a lithium ion battery and a charge and discharge control method thereof.
  • Batteries are an indispensable part of electronic appliances, especially portable electronic products. Because they can supply power to the products individually, they bring great convenience to the use of electrical appliances, such as digital cameras, toys, remote controls, etc. .
  • There are two main types of batteries one is a general-purpose battery, and its shape and size are standardized. Cylindrical batteries with a nominal voltage of 1.5V such as AA and AAA are the most widely used. Most of these batteries are disposable dry batteries. Some nickel-cadmium and hydrogen-hydrogen rechargeable batteries with a nominal voltage of 1.2V; the other is a special battery, which varies in shape and size depending on the manufacturer and the electrical product. The voltage of this type of battery is mostly 3V or 3.6. V, which is the most widely used lithium ion battery with a nominal voltage of 3.6V/3.7V.
  • the shape and size of general-purpose batteries have standardized regulations, which are easy to be widely produced, interchangeable, and have good versatility.
  • the disadvantage is that the cumulative consumption of disposable dry batteries is large, uneconomical, and the waste dry batteries often cause pollution; while nickel-cadmium and hydrogen The nickel battery has a memory effect, and the cycle life is short, and the pollution problem of the discarded battery is still unresolved.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have become increasingly popular in replacing traditional batteries because of their high energy density, long life, no memory effect, long cycle life, and no heavy metals.
  • the current lithium-ion battery has different dimensions and versatility. Consumers must go to a special store to purchase an adapted battery, which is very troublesome.
  • the output voltage of the lithium-ion battery is high and cannot be adapted to low voltage requirements.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion rechargeable battery whose output voltage is the same as or similar to that of a conventional dry battery.
  • the size of the battery can be designed to be the same as that of a conventional dry battery, and can be designed to charge and discharge a common port, thereby saving cost. .
  • the above object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical means: providing such a lithium ion battery, including Lithium ion battery, positive terminal, positive and negative insulating sheets, FPC insulated circuit board for electrode connection or metal nickel tape with insulating tape on the surface and outer casing as negative electrode, lithium ion battery core is disposed in the outer casing, A portion of the lithium-ion battery and the outer casing is provided with an FPC insulated circuit board or a metal nickel strip with an insulating tape on the surface for connecting the electrodes of the inner battery core, and the positive terminal is mounted at one end of the lithium ion battery, the positive terminal and the The outer casing of the negative electrode is separated by a positive and negative insulating sheet, and a circuit board is arranged between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery and the lithium ion battery.
  • a lithium ion battery including Lithium ion battery, positive terminal, positive and negative insulating sheets, FPC insulated circuit board for electrode connection or metal nickel tape with insulating
  • the voltage and current control and the charging and discharging protection circuit are integrated on the circuit board, and the positive and negative voltages of the battery are passed.
  • the current control and overcharge and overdischarge protection circuits are connected to the lithium ion cells.
  • the voltage control and key protection circuit can adjust the voltage of the lithium-ion battery from 3.6V/3.7V to 1.5V or 1.2V to meet the needs of some low-voltage battery products.
  • the shape and size of the outer casing can be diversified, and it is designed in various shapes such as a cylinder, a cube, etc., and is designed as a cylindrical shape of a conventional dry battery and adopts a standard size of various conventional dry batteries such as No. 1, No. 2, No. 5 or No. 7. , can replace the use of traditional dry batteries.
  • the charging and discharging ports can use the same port without adding additional charging circuits.
  • the voltage current control and the charge and discharge protection circuit comprise a PWM voltage stabilization control unit, a charge detection unit, a charge and a buck output control unit, and a pass circuit between the PWM voltage control unit, the charge detection unit, and the charge and buck output control unit. Board line electrical connection.
  • the PWM regulator control unit can take two forms:
  • the first PWM voltage regulator control unit includes a PWM chip, a field effect transistor, a storage inductor, a freewheeling diode, a capacitor and a sampling resistor network, wherein the PWM control pin of the PWM chip is connected to the FET, and the FET is stored.
  • the inductor can be connected, the energy storage inductor is connected to the sampling resistor network, the sampling resistor network is connected to the feedback pin of the PWM chip, and the freewheeling diode, the energy storage inductor and the sampling resistor are connected in parallel between the FET and the energy storage inductor. Filter capacitors are connected in parallel between the networks.
  • This circuit can be used as a step-down circuit to adjust the voltage of a lithium-ion battery from 3.6V/3.7V to 1.5V or 1.2V.
  • the second PWM voltage regulator control unit includes a PWM voltage regulator control circuit, a storage inductor, a capacitor, and a sampling resistor network integrated with a PWM chip, a FET, and a synchronous rectification FET, and a field integrated in the PWM regulator control circuit.
  • the effect tube and the synchronous rectification FET are connected in series and connected to the storage inductor, the storage inductor is connected to the sampling resistor network, the sampling resistor network is connected to the feedback pin of the PWM chip, and the storage inductor and the sampling resistor network are connected in parallel. Connect to a grounding capacitor. This type of circuit is more integrated.
  • the charge detecting unit includes a transistor and a resistor connected to the base of the transistor. The other end of the resistor is connected to the source of the PWM unit, and the emitter of the transistor is connected to the drain of the PWM unit.
  • the charging and bucking output control unit comprises a triode, two resistors and a capacitor, one end of which is connected in parallel with the capacitor on the base of the triode, and one end of the other resistor is connected to the base of the triode. The other end is connected to the charge detecting unit, and the collector of the transistor is connected with the feedback signal of the PWM voltage stabilizing control unit.
  • the charging or discharging control method applied to the above lithium ion battery includes the following steps:
  • the charging detection unit detects the current in the battery circuit
  • the charging and voltage regulation output control unit operates, and the PWM voltage stabilization control unit stops working and adjusts the FET turn-on time of the PWM voltage regulator control unit to the maximum value. In this state, the battery positive electrode and The internal resistance of the circuit between the batteries is minimized, and the battery is in a normal state of charge;
  • the invention has the advantages of: 1. good versatility, using a voltage stabilization and step-down circuit, the output voltage of the lithium battery can be applied to an electronic product suitable for a conventional dry battery, and the outer casing is further designed to have the same size as a conventional dry battery. It can completely replace the dry battery; 2.
  • the circuit is simple, and the charging and discharging share a loop and interface, saving costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of each component unit of the circuit in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of each constituent unit of the circuit in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the lithium ion battery shown in FIG. 1 includes a lithium ion battery 1, a positive electrode terminal 2, a positive and negative electrode insulating sheet 3, an FPC insulated circuit board or a metal nickel strip 4 with an insulating tape on the surface, and a cylindrical outer casing as a negative electrode. 5.
  • the lithium ion battery cell 1 is disposed in the outer casing 5, and an FPC insulated circuit board or a metal nickel strip 4 with an insulating tape on the surface is disposed between the lithium ion battery core 1 and the outer casing 5, and the positive electrode terminal 2 is mounted on the lithium ion.
  • One end of the battery cell 1, the positive electrode terminal 2 and the outer casing 5 as a negative electrode are separated by a positive and negative insulating sheet 3, and a circuit board 6 is disposed between the positive electrode terminal 2 and the lithium ion battery cell 1.
  • the circuit board 6 is integrated. There is a voltage and current control and a charge and discharge protection circuit, and the positive terminal 2 is connected to the lithium ion battery 1 through the voltage current control and the key protection circuit.
  • the voltage current control and the charge and discharge protection circuit comprise a PWM voltage stabilization control unit, a charge detection unit, a charge and a buck output control unit, and a pass circuit between the PWM voltage control unit, the charge detection unit, and the charge and buck output control unit. Board line electrical connection.
  • the PWM voltage regulator control unit in the embodiment includes a PWM chip U1, a FET Q, a storage inductor L, a freewheeling diode D, a capacitor C, and a sampling resistor network composed of resistors R1 and R2.
  • the PWM control pin of the PWM chip U1 is connected to the FET Q, and the FET Q and The energy storage inductor L is connected, the energy storage inductor L is connected to the sampling resistor network, the sampling resistor network is connected with the feedback pin of the PWM chip U1, and the freewheeling diode D is connected in parallel between the field effect transistor Q and the energy storage inductor L.
  • the storage capacitor L and the sampling resistor network are connected in parallel to the filter capacitor C. This circuit can be used as a step-down circuit to adjust the voltage of a lithium-ion battery from 3.6V/3.7V to 1.5V or 1.2V.
  • the charge detecting unit includes a transistor Q1 and a resistor R3, and the resistor R3 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1.
  • the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the source of the FET Q in the PWM regulator control unit, and the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the drain of the FET Q in the PWM regulator control unit.
  • the charging and buck output control unit comprises a transistor Q2, a resistor R4, a resistor R5 and a capacitor C1, wherein the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the feedback pin of the PWM chip U1 in the PWM regulator control unit.
  • the resistor R5 is connected in parallel to the base of the transistor Q2, the resistors R4, R5 and the capacitor C1 form an RC discharge time constant connected to the base of the transistor Q2, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the collector of Q1 in the charge detecting unit.
  • the PWM voltage stabilizing control unit includes an integrated PWM chip U1.
  • the Q and the synchronous rectification field effect transistor QD are connected in series and connected to the energy storage inductor L.
  • the energy storage inductor L is connected to the sampling resistor network, and the sampling resistor network is connected with the feedback pin of the PWM chip U1, and the storage inductor L and the sampling resistor are connected.
  • the filter capacitor C is connected in parallel between the networks. This type of circuit is more integrated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种锂离子蓄电池，包括锂离子电芯（1）、正极端子（2）、正负极绝缘片（3）、电气连接件（4）和作为负极的外壳（5），锂离子电芯（1）设置在外壳（5）内，锂离子电芯（1）和外壳（5）间设有电气连接件（4）用于连接内部电芯的电极，正极端子（2）安装在锂离子电芯（1）的一端，正极端子（2）和外壳（5）之间以正负极绝缘片（3）隔离封装，电池正负极和锂离子电芯（1）之间设有电路板（6），电路板（6）上集成有电压电流控制和过充过放保护电路，电池正负极通过电压电流控制和过充过放保护电路与锂离子电芯（1）相连接。电压电流控制和过充过放保护电路可以将锂离子电池的电压调整为1.5V/1.2V，外壳（5）的形状和尺寸按需设计，可取代传统干电池。充电及放电的端口可以采用相同的端口，且不需要增加额外的充电回路。

Description

一种锂离子蓄电池及其充放电控制方法
相关申请
本专利申请要求2014年08月08日申请的，申请号为14108170.9，名称为“一种锂离子蓄电池及其充放电控制方法”的香港专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种给电子电路供电的蓄电池，更具体地说，涉及一种锂离子蓄电池及其充放电控制方法。
背景技术
电池是电子电器中，尤其是便携式电子产品中不可或缺的重要组成部分，由于其能单独对产品供电，给电器的使用带来了极大的方便，例如数码相机、玩具、遥控器等等。现在的电池主要有两类，一类是通用电池，其形状和尺寸标准化，以AA和AAA等标称电压为1.5V的圆柱形电池应用最为广泛，这类电池多数为一次性的干电池，也有部分标称电压为1.2V的镍镉和氢镍可充电电池；另一类为专用电池，根据生产厂家和用电产品的不同，其形状和尺寸各异，这类电池电压多为3V或3.6V，其中以标称电压为3.6V/3.7V的锂离子电池应用最为广泛。
通用电池的形状和尺寸都有标准化的规定，便于广泛生产，互换使用，通用性好，缺点是一次性干电池累积消费支出大，不经济，且废弃的干电池往往造成污染；而镍镉和氢镍电池具有记忆效应，循环寿命较短，同时废弃电池的污染问题仍未解决。
锂离子电池的能量密度大、使用时间长、无记忆效应、循环寿命长、不含重金属，已经日益趋向取代传统电池。但是，目前锂离子电池的外形尺寸各不相同，通用性很差，消费者必须去专门的门店购买适配的电池，十分麻烦；另外锂离子电池的输出电压高，不能适配于低电压要求的电子产品，所以尽管锂离子电池具备上述优点，仍然不能取代传统干电池，不能推广使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种输出电压与传统干电池电压相同或相近的锂离子可充电电池，这种电池的外形尺寸可以设计为与传统干电池相同，并且可以设计为充放电共用一个端口，节省成本。
上述发明目的可以通过如下的技术手段加以实现：提供这样一种锂离子蓄电池，包括 锂离子电芯、正极端子、正负极绝缘片、用于电极连接用的FPC绝缘电路板或表面附绝缘胶纸的金属镍带和作为负极的外壳，锂离子电芯设置在外壳内，在锂离子电芯和外壳之间部分设有FPC绝缘电路板或表面附绝缘胶纸的金属镍带用于连接内部电芯的电极，正极端子安装在锂离子电芯的其中一端，正极端子和作为负极的外壳之间以正负极绝缘片隔离封装，电池正负极和锂离子电芯之间设有电路板，电路板上集成有电压电流控制和充电放电保护电路，电池正负极通过电压电流控制和过充过放保护电路与锂离子电芯相连接。电压控制和重点保护电路可以将锂离子电池的电压由3.6V/3.7V调整为1.5V或1.2V，以适应某些需要低电压电池产品的需求。外壳的形状和尺寸可以多样化，设计为圆柱形、立方体等各种形状，若设计为传统干电池的圆柱形状并采用1号、2号、5号或者7号等等各种传统干电池的标准尺寸，则可以取代传统干电池的使用。并且充放电的端口可以采用相同的端口，不需要增加额外的充电回路。
电压电流控制和充电放电保护电路包括PWM稳压控制单元、充电检测单元、充电及降压输出控制单元，所述PWM稳压控制单元、充电检测单元、充电及降压输出控制单元之间通过电路板线路电气连接。
PWM稳压控制单元可以有两种形式：
第一种PWM稳压控制单元包括PWM芯片、场效应管、储能电感、续流二极管、电容和取样电阻网络，其中PWM芯片的PWM控制管脚与场效应管相连接，场效应管与储能电感相连接，储能电感与取样电阻网络相连接，取样电阻网络与PWM芯片的反馈管脚相连接，场效应管和储能电感之间并联接入续流二极管，储能电感和取样电阻网络之间并联接入滤波电容。这种电路可以作为降压电路，将锂离子电池的电压由3.6V/3.7V调整为1.5V或1.2V。
第二种PWM稳压控制单元包括集成了PWM芯片、场效应管和同步整流场效应管的PWM稳压控制电路、储能电感、电容和取样电阻网络，集成在PWM稳压控制电路中的场效应管和同步整流场效应管串联并且与储能电感相连接，储能电感与取样电阻网络相连接，取样电阻网络与PWM芯片的反馈管脚相连接，储能电感和取样电阻网络之间并联接入一个接地电容。这种电路的集成度更高。
充电检测单元包括一个三极管和一个电阻，所述电阻与三极管的基极相连接。电阻另一端与PWM单元的源极相连接，三极管的发射极与PWM单元的漏极相连接。
充电及降压输出控制单元包括一个三极管、两个电阻和一个电容，其中一个电阻的一端与电容并联在所述三极管的基极上，另一个电阻的一端与所述三极管的基极相连接，另一端与充电检测单元相连接，三极管的集电极与PWM稳压控制单元的反馈信号相连接。
应用于上述锂离子蓄电池的充电或放电控制方法，包括如下的步骤：
i)充电检测单元检测电池回路中电流；
ii)若检测到放电电流，充电及稳压输出控制单元停止工作，PWM稳压控制单元工作，使电池正极输出一个恒定的电压，此时电池处于放电状态；
iii)若检测到充电电流，充电及稳压输出控制单元工作，同时PWM稳压控制单元停止工作并将PWM稳压控制单元的场效应管开通时间调整至最大值，此状态下，电池正极与电池间的回路内阻减至最小，电池处于正常的充电状态；
iv)产品充电完成或电池拔出充电器时，回路中无充电电流，充电检测单元、充电及稳压控制单元停止工作，电池退回至的电流待机状态，同时PWM稳压控制单元开启PWM稳压模式。
本发明的有益之处在于：1.通用性好，采用稳压及降压电路，实现锂电池的输出电压可以适用于传统干电池适用的电子产品，进一步将外壳设计为尺寸与传统干电池一致的尺寸则可以完全取代干电池；2.电路简单，并且充电及放电共用一个回路及接口，节省成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的实施例一中的电路各组成单元的结构示意图；
图3是本发明的实施例二中的电路各组成单元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
如图1所示的锂离子蓄电池，包括锂离子电芯1、正极端子2、正负极绝缘片3、FPC绝缘电路板或表面附绝缘胶纸的金属镍带4和作为负极的圆柱状外壳5，锂离子电芯1设置在外壳5内，在锂离子电芯1和外壳5之间部分设有FPC绝缘电路板或表面附绝缘胶纸的金属镍带4，正极端子2安装在锂离子电芯1的其中一端，正极端子2和作为负极的外壳5之间以正负极绝缘片3隔离封装，正极端子2和锂离子电芯1之间设有电路板6，电路板6上集成有电压电流控制和充电放电保护电路，正极端子2通过所述电压电流控制和重点保护电路与锂离子电芯1相连接。
电压电流控制和充电放电保护电路包括PWM稳压控制单元、充电检测单元、充电及降压输出控制单元，所述PWM稳压控制单元、充电检测单元、充电及降压输出控制单元之间通过电路板线路电气连接。如图2所示，本具体实施例中PWM稳压控制单元包括PWM芯片U1、场效应管Q、储能电感L、续流二极管D、电容C和由电阻R1和R2组成的取样电阻网络，其中PWM芯片U1的PWM控制管脚与场效应管Q相连接，场效应管Q与 储能电感L相连接，储能电感L与取样电阻网络相连接，取样电阻网络与PWM芯片U1的反馈管脚相连接，场效应管Q和储能电感L之间并联接入续流二极管D，储能电感L和取样电阻网络之间并联接入滤波电容C。这种电路可以作为降压电路，将锂离子电池的电压由3.6V/3.7V调整为1.5V或1.2V。
充电检测单元包括一个三极管Q1和一个电阻R3，电阻R3与三极管Q1的基极相连接。电阻R3的另一端与PWM稳压控制单元中的场效应管Q的源极相连接，三极管Q1的发射极与PWM稳压控制单元中的场效应管Q的漏极相连接。
充电及降压输出控制单元包括一个三极管Q2、电阻R4、电阻R5和电容C1，其中三极管Q2的集电极与PWM稳压控制单元中的PWM芯片U1的反馈管脚相连接。电阻R5并联在三极管Q2的基极上，电阻R4，R5与电容C1组成RC放电时间常数与三极管Q2的基极相连接，电阻R4的另一端与充电检测单元中Q1的集电极相连接。
实施例二
本具体实施例与具体实施例一的区别仅在于所述其PWM稳压控制单元的结构不同，如图3所示，在本具体实施例中，PWM稳压控制单元包括集成了PWM芯片U1、场效应管Q和同步整流场效应管QD的PWM稳压控制电路、储能电感L、电容C和由电阻R1和电阻R2构成的取样电阻网络，集成在PWM稳压控制电路中的场效应管Q和同步整流场效应管QD串联并且与储能电感L相连接，储能电感L与取样电阻网络相连接，取样电阻网络与PWM芯片U1的反馈管脚相连接，储能电感L和取样电阻网络之间并联接入滤波电容C。这种电路的集成度更高。
以上实施例是供理解本发明之用，并非是对本发明的限制，有关领域的普通技术人员，在权利要求所述技术方案的基础上，还可以作出多种变化或变型，这些变化或变型应当理解为仍属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种锂离子蓄电池，包括锂离子电芯、正极端子、正负极绝缘片、用于电极连接用的FPC绝缘电路板或表面附绝缘胶纸的金属镍带和作为负极的外壳，所述锂离子电芯设置在外壳内，在所述锂离子电芯和外壳之间部分设有FPC绝缘电路板或表面附绝缘胶纸的金属镍带用于连接内部电芯的电极,正极端子安装在锂离子电芯的其中一端，所述正极端子和作为负极的外壳之间以正负极绝缘片隔离封装，电池正负极和所述锂离子电芯之间设有电路板，电路板上集成有电压电流控制和过充过放保护电路，电池正负极通过电压电流控制和过充过放保护电路与锂离子电芯相连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子蓄电池，其特征在于：所述电压电流控制和充电放电保护电路包括PWM稳压控制单元、充电检测单元、充电及降压输出控制单元，所述PWM稳压控制单元、充电检测单元、充电及降压输出控制单元之间通过电路板线路电气连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的锂离子蓄电池，其特征在于：所述PWM稳压控制单元包括PWM芯片、场效应管、储能电感、续流二极管、电容和取样电阻网络，其中PWM芯片的PWM控制管脚与场效应管相连接，场效应管与储能电感相连接，储能电感与取样电阻网络相连接，取样电阻网络与PWM芯片的反馈管脚相连接，场效应管和储能电感之间并联接入续流二极管，储能电感和取样电阻网络之间并联接入滤波电容。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的锂离子蓄电池，其特征在于：所述PWM稳压控制单元包括集成了PWM芯片、场效应管和同步整流场效应管的PWM稳压控制电路、储能电感、电容和取样电阻网络，集成在PWM稳压控制电路中的场效应管和同步整流场效应管串联并且与储能电感相连接，储能电感与取样电阻网络相连接，取样电阻网络与PWM芯片的反馈管脚相连接，储能电感和取样电阻网络之间并联接入一个接地电容。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的锂离子蓄电池，其特征在于：所述充电检测单元包括一个三极管和一个电阻，所述电阻与三极管的基极相连接，电阻另一端与PWM单元Q的源极相连接，三极管的发射极与PWM单元的漏极相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的锂离子蓄电池，其特征在于：所述充电及降压输出控制单元包括一个三极管、两个电阻和一个电容，其中一个电阻的一端与电容并联在所述三极管的基极上，另一个电阻的一端与所述三极管的基极相连接，另一端与充电检测单元相连接，三极管的集电极与PWM稳压控制单元的反馈信号相连接。
  7. 一种应用于权利要求1-6中任一项所述的锂离子蓄电池的充电及放电控制方法，其特征在于：所述方法包括如下步骤：
    i)充电检测单元检测电池回路中电流；
    ii)若检测到放电电流，充电及稳压输出控制单元停止工作，PWM稳压控制单元工作，使电池正极输出一个恒定的电压，此时电池处于放电状态；
    iii)若检测到充电电流，充电及稳压输出控制单元工作，同时PWM稳压控制单元停止工作并将PWM稳压控制单元的场效应管开通时间调整至最大值，此状态下，电池正极与电池间的回路内阻减至最小，电池处于正常的充电状态；
    iv)产品充电完成或电池拔出充电器时，回路中无充电电流，充电检测单元、充电及稳压控制单元停止工作，电池退回至的电流待机状态，同时PWM稳压控制单元开启PWM稳压模式。
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