WO2016016560A1 - Method of assembly by adhering two motor vehicle parts - Google Patents

Method of assembly by adhering two motor vehicle parts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016016560A1
WO2016016560A1 PCT/FR2015/052062 FR2015052062W WO2016016560A1 WO 2016016560 A1 WO2016016560 A1 WO 2016016560A1 FR 2015052062 W FR2015052062 W FR 2015052062W WO 2016016560 A1 WO2016016560 A1 WO 2016016560A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glue
parts
adhesive
visible
piece
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2015/052062
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David Tresse
Original Assignee
Compagnie Plastic Omnium
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie Plastic Omnium filed Critical Compagnie Plastic Omnium
Publication of WO2016016560A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016016560A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4845—Radiation curing adhesives, e.g. UV light curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1406—Ultraviolet [UV] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855—Provisory fixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/97—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts
    • B29C66/972—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts by extrusion of molten material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/12—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1448—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface radiating the edges of the parts to be joined, e.g. for curing a layer of adhesive placed between two flat parts to be joined, e.g. for making CDs or DVDs
    • B29C65/1451—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface radiating the edges of the parts to be joined, e.g. for curing a layer of adhesive placed between two flat parts to be joined, e.g. for making CDs or DVDs radiating the edges of holes or perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3055—Cars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
    • C09J2301/416—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components use of irradiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of assembly of automotive parts, and in particular assembly by gluing.
  • the installation comprises a positioning support of one of the parts relative to the other comprising two metal parts for holding each part.
  • the installation also includes means for heating each part. By thermal conduction, each metal part heats the part that it maintains.
  • thermosetting glue is applied to one and / or the other of the parts to be assembled. Then, we report and position the two parts relative to each other. Then, the parts are heated by means of heating to activate the thermosetting glue. Finally, we extract the assembled part of the installation.
  • thermosetting glue requires heating the parts for a certain time. During this time, the installation is occupied which constitutes a dead time in the manufacturing process of the room.
  • the assembly method of the state of the art therefore has a capacity limit of production, depending on the cycle time required for the installation to assemble parts.
  • the activation of the adhesive is achieved by conductive heat input by heating the parts to be bonded. This is because the glue is inaccessible because it is placed between the two pieces. It is therefore not possible to heat the glue directly. However, the heating of the parts causes:
  • the plastic material is not a good thermal conductor, the process is extremely difficult if the two parts to be glued are plastic.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a bonding method that overcomes these disadvantages.
  • the invention achieves this by allowing in particular the use of glue activatable by ultraviolet rays.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for bonding two parts, in particular made of plastics material.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the second piece is placed on the first piece so that at least one of the pieces comprises at least one visible glue area, in which the glue is not covered by the other piece;
  • a local curing of the adhesive is activated by direct irradiation of the adhesive at the level of the visible glue area, said area being dimensioned to allow, after curing the glue at said area, the manipulation of all the two parts without relative movement of the parts relative to each other.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to drastically reduce the cycle times. Indeed, according to the invention the crosslinking time for handling two parts forming a tailgate is less than 10 seconds, while the same time is 2 to 3 minutes for a conventional bonding process.
  • the method according to the invention which can therefore be carried out at ambient temperature, thus makes it possible to limit the geometrical defects related to the differential expansions and to limit the appearance defects due to the heating step necessary for the crosslinking in previous methods.
  • the method also makes it possible to limit the geometrical defects related to the differential expansions and to limit the appearance defects due to the heating step necessary for the crosslinking in the prior processes, since the ultraviolet (UV) rays have no need for important effect, over short periods of exposure, only on the glue and not on the plastic parts to assemble.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the visible glue area is produced by making at least one opening on at least one of the parts, and by filling at least partially said glue opening by crushing the glue film during pressing. two pieces to stick.
  • said opening can be filled with glue, at least partially, by performing the following steps:
  • the two parts are pressed against each other, so as to apply pressure to the glue causing the creep of the glue, then a rise of the glue in the opening; iii. we stop pressing the two pieces, once the glue has reached a desired thickness in the opening.
  • the positioning of the second piece on the first piece is in a direction of bonding, and the visible glue area is made visible in a direction substantially perpendicular to the gluing direction, a thickness of glue between the two pieces.
  • the second part and the first part form an internal volume once put in place, and the visible glue area is accessible by ultraviolet rays from inside said volume.
  • the visible glue area is produced by performing an overflow of the glue beyond a surface of one of the two parts.
  • an activatable glue is used at room temperature, and the curing of the glue is continued outside the visible glue zone leaving the two parts at room temperature.
  • a bodywork part intended to be visible from the outside of the vehicle, and as a second part a bodywork part intended to be glued to the first part of the inside of the vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly of a first automobile bodywork part and a second automobile bodywork part, in particular a plastic part, the first part being intended to be visible from outside the vehicle, in which the first part and the second part are fixed to each other by means of at least one glue film, characterized in that:
  • the glue is activatable by UV rays; and in that
  • the second part comprises at least one opening opening on the adhesive film, so as to form a visible glue area, in which the glue is not covered by the second part, the opening being dimensioned to allow, after crosslinking glue in the opening, the manipulation of all two parts without relative movement of the parts relative to each other.
  • FIG 1 illustrates the different steps of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an area with visible glue that can be activated from the inside of a volume formed by the assembly of the two pieces to be glued.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3D illustrate various embodiments in which the visible glue area is an opening, and the glue is located only at the bottom of the opening (Figure 3A), or the glue partially fills the opening ( Figure 3B), completely fills the opening ( Figure 3C), or the glue overflows the opening ( Figure 3D).
  • FIG 1 describes the method according to the invention for bonding two parts (1, 2), including plastic. This involves the following steps:
  • E1 depositing at least one glue film (3), an activatable glue with ultraviolet (UV) rays, on at least a first part (1);
  • UV ultraviolet
  • E2- is put in place, in a gluing direction, the second part (2) on the first part (1) in the assembly formed by the two parts
  • the direction of bonding is the direction in which the second piece (2) is brought to the surface of the glue film (3).
  • the gluing direction is the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the glue film.
  • the distribution of the adhesive film (3) before pressing is calibrated so that, after pressing, the adhesive is visible at predefined locations, the areas (4) with visible glue, on at least one of the pieces (1 , 2).
  • the amount of glue (3) deposited can be predefined
  • the thickness of the film (3) before pressing can also be predefined, as the location before pressing the film on the piece.
  • crosslinking of the glue by direct irradiation means that the glue directly receives radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV), directly transmitting energy glue able to crosslink the glue.
  • radiation such as ultraviolet (UV)
  • activation The action of initiating the crosslinking is called "activation”.
  • the area (4) of visible glue is thus dimensioned so that the amount of glue that reticles at this area is sufficient to maintain, at least for handling, the two pieces (1, 2) glued, and without movement relative parts relative to each other. It is therefore sought to have a minimum hold in order to make the parts manipulable, the end of the crosslinking being done later by any other means.
  • the glue portion located outside the zone (4), that is to say between the two parts, is not visible, and is therefore not activated by direct irradiation, as illustrated in step E4 in FIG.
  • the crosslinked adhesive is noted 3a, and the non-crosslinked adhesive is noted 3b.
  • the portion of adhesive located outside the zone, that is to say between the two parts, and which is therefore not activated by direct irradiation, can crosslink later.
  • the portion of glue located outside the zone finishes to crosslink (E5) after having been able to start handling all the two pieces assembled, so as not to slow down the production cycle.
  • an adhesive (3) having the capacity to crosslink, even slowly, at room temperature is used.
  • the following adhesive can be used: DELO-DUALBOND® 2K VE 518202 (DELO GmbH, Germany), which is a two-component urethane acrylate.
  • Crosslinking can therefore continue after activation by direct irradiation.
  • all the adhesive (3) deposited on at least one of the parts (1, 2) continues its crosslinking according to the 2nd mode, in masked time, so that the crosslinking is completed before the part is mounted on the vehicle.
  • One of the advantages of forming a zone (4) with visible glue is to be able to directly activate the crosslinking of the glue (3) by radiation and not by conduction. In addition, this allows the use of activatable glues by ultraviolet (UV) rays. Indeed, the portion of glue exposed, that is to say unmasked between the two parts (1, 2), is made accessible to ultraviolet (UV) lighting.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • UV activatable adhesives by UV rays is to provide very short curing times.
  • a UV activatable adhesive having a crosslinking time of the order of a few seconds will preferably be chosen. It is thus possible to reduce the cycle time of the initial assembly process by bonding the two main parts.
  • step E3 of the process according to the invention the crosslinking of the adhesive is activated by direct irradiation of UV rays.
  • the area in which the glue is not covered by the other part can be achieved in different ways.
  • the visible glue area (4) is made by leaving visible a portion of glue between the two pieces (1, 2), for example in a direction substantially perpendicular to the gluing direction.
  • the area (4) in which the glue is not covered can correspond to a thickness of the glue film distributed / positioned between the two pieces.
  • the ultraviolet rays activating the glue on the side, in the thickness are noted UV2. It is thus possible to have a thickness of adhesive on an area of at least one of the two parts, on a peripheral part of the parts (FIG. 1) or on an area where the thickness of glue will be visible (FIG. 2), and then position the two pieces on one another and activate the crosslinking of the glue by direct irradiation of the glue thickness visible between the two parts.
  • the second part (2) and the first part (1) form an interior volume once in place.
  • the area (4) with visible glue is accessible by ultraviolet rays from inside this volume.
  • Figure 2 is particularly interesting. Indeed, it usually happens that two body parts must be glued by an abutment edge to edge, but the position of these parts on the vehicle that the glue must not be visible from outside the vehicle. It may be for example a spoiler stuck on the tailgate or the roof of a vehicle.
  • a recess is then made in one of the docking walls, close to the contact between the two parts, so as to generate a bead of glue, visible only from the inside. Activation of the glue is then done from the inside.
  • the area in which the glue is not covered may correspond to an overflow of the glue beyond a surface of one of the two parts.
  • the ultraviolet rays activating the glue having overflowed are denoted UV3. It is thus possible to dispose an "excess" adhesive film on an area of at least one of the two parts, on a peripheral part of the parts for example (FIG. 1), and then to position the two parts one on the other. By applying pressure on the two parts, the glue flue laterally to create an overflow of glue around said areas. The more the adhesive film is positioned close to the periphery of at least one of the parts and the greater the thickness of the film, the more the overflow will be easy and quick to achieve. Finally, it activates the crosslinking of the glue by direct irradiation glue overflowing.
  • At least one opening (4) is preferably facing the direction of bonding, on at least one of the parts, so as to make visible the glue (3) which would be hidden by the parts without the presence of this opening (4). According to this example, it is possible to produce a zone (4) with visible glue by carrying out the following steps:
  • At least one opening (4) is made in at least one zone of one of the parts (1,
  • the opening (4) is filled, at least partially, with glue (3) by crushing the adhesive film by bringing the two parts (1, 2) closer to one another by pressing:
  • the two pieces (1, 2) are pressed against each other. This pressure is transmitted to the adhesive (3), which flows laterally between the two parts (1, 2) towards the free edges at the periphery of the parts and / or towards the opening (4). At this opening (4), the adhesive (3), already present or creep, is free to flow vertically, that is to say, to go back into the opening (4).
  • the opening (4) is at least partially filled with glue by crushing the adhesive film during pressing of the two parts to be bonded.
  • the filling may be partial, complete, and may even give rise to an overflow of glue, forming a rivet shape (see FIGS. 3A to 3D).
  • At least one set of openings leading to the glue film is produced (during molding preferably) on one of the two parts. These openings may be positioned at regular intervals or not.
  • the number, the shape and the position of the openings (4) are chosen so as to achieve a network of attachment points between the two parts allowing manipulation of all the two parts after crosslinking under UV of the adhesive only at the level of the area with visible glue.
  • these openings are dimensioned so that the amount of adhesive which crosslinks under the effect of only UV at these openings is sufficient to hold in place in their final position, at least for handling, the two pieces glued.
  • the process is particularly well suited for the automotive industry where it can be used to assemble all body parts.
  • first piece (1) a bodywork part intended to be visible from the outside of the vehicle, and as a second part (2) a bodywork part intended to be glued to the first piece on the inner side of the vehicle. vehicle.
  • the first part (1) is an outer panel of motor vehicle tailgate, intended to be visible from outside the vehicle, and the second part (2) is an inner lining of the tailgate.
  • the process of bonding the panel and the lining of the tailgate comprises the following steps:
  • a set of openings (4) opens out along the adhesive film (3);
  • the crosslinking of the adhesive (3) is activated by direct irradiation of the adhesive at the openings (4), for example by means of a UV lamp in the case of a glue which can be activated by UV radiation;
  • the invention also relates to an assembly of a first automobile body part (1) and a second automobile body part (2), in particular made of plastic material, the first part (1) being intended to be visible from the outside the vehicle, wherein the first piece (1) and the second piece (2) are fixed to each other by means of at least one UV-activatable adhesive film (3).
  • the second piece (2) has at least one opening (4) opening on the adhesive film (3), so as to form a visible glue area, in which the glue (3) is not covered with the second piece (2), the opening (4) being dimensioned to allow, after crosslinking of the adhesive (3) in the opening (4), the manipulation of all the two parts (1, 2) without relative movement of the parts one with respect to the other.
  • the first piece (1) is an outer panel of motor vehicle tailgate, intended to be visible from outside the vehicle, and the second piece (2) is an inner lining of the tailgate.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for adhering two parts (1, 2), particularly plastic parts. In said method, at least one adhesive film (3) is deposited (E1) onto at least one first part (1), said method being characterized in that: - an ultraviolet (UV) activated adhesive is used; - the second part (2) is placed (E2) on the first part (1) by providing, in the assembly formed by both parts (1, 2), at least one visible adhesive area (4), wherein the adhesive (3) is not totally covered by the other part (2); and - local cross-linking of the adhesive (3) is activated (E3) by directly irradiating the adhesive on the visible adhesive area (4). Said area (4) is sized so as to make it possible, after cross-linking the adhesive at least on said area (4), to manipulate the assembly of both parts (1, 2) without movement of the parts relative to each other.

Description

Procédé d'assemblage par collage de deux pièces de véhicule automobile  Bonding process of two pieces of a motor vehicle
La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'assemblage de pièces automobiles, et notamment l'assemblage par collage. The present invention relates to the field of assembly of automotive parts, and in particular assembly by gluing.
On connaît de l'état de la technique un procédé d'assemblage de deux pièces l'une avec l'autre dans une installation de collage. Il peut s'agir par exemple d'un caisson de hayon et une peau de hayon. L'installation comprend un support de positionnement d'une des pièces par rapport à l'autre comprenant deux parties métalliques de maintien de chaque pièce. L'installation comprend également des moyens de chauffage de chaque partie. Par conduction thermique, chaque partie métallique chauffe la pièce qu'elle maintient.  It is known from the state of the art a method of assembling two parts together with each other in a gluing facility. It may be for example a tailgate box and a hatchback skin. The installation comprises a positioning support of one of the parts relative to the other comprising two metal parts for holding each part. The installation also includes means for heating each part. By thermal conduction, each metal part heats the part that it maintains.
Avant de positionner les deux pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre, on applique un film d'une colle thermodurcissable sur l'une et/ou l'autre des pièces à assembler. Puis, on rapporte et on positionne les deux pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre. Ensuite, on chauffe les pièces grâce aux moyens de chauffage afin d'activer la colle thermodurcissable. Enfin, on extrait la pièce assemblée de l'installation.  Before positioning the two parts relative to each other, a film of a thermosetting glue is applied to one and / or the other of the parts to be assembled. Then, we report and position the two parts relative to each other. Then, the parts are heated by means of heating to activate the thermosetting glue. Finally, we extract the assembled part of the installation.
L'activation de la colle thermodurcissable nécessite de chauffer les pièces pendant un certain temps. Pendant ce temps, l'installation est occupée ce qui constitue un temps mort dans le procédé de fabrication de la pièce. Le procédé d'assemblage de l'état de la technique présente donc une limite capacitaire de production, dépendant du temps de cycle nécessaire à l'installation pour assembler des pièces.  Activation of the thermosetting glue requires heating the parts for a certain time. During this time, the installation is occupied which constitutes a dead time in the manufacturing process of the room. The assembly method of the state of the art therefore has a capacity limit of production, depending on the cycle time required for the installation to assemble parts.
De plus, le chauffage des pièces engendre un coût énergétique important.  In addition, the heating of parts generates a significant energy cost.
En outre, les moyens de chauffage de l'installation rendent celle-ci coûteuse et encombrante.  In addition, the heating means of the installation makes it expensive and cumbersome.
Enfin, l'activation de la colle est réalisée par un apport de chaleur par conduction en chauffant les pièces à coller. Ceci est dû au fait que la colle est inaccessible car elle est mise en place entre les deux pièces. Il n'est donc pas possible de chauffer directement la colle. Or, la chauffe des pièces occasionne :  Finally, the activation of the adhesive is achieved by conductive heat input by heating the parts to be bonded. This is because the glue is inaccessible because it is placed between the two pieces. It is therefore not possible to heat the glue directly. However, the heating of the parts causes:
- des déformations dues aux dilatations différentielles des pièces à coller ;  deformations due to the differential expansions of the parts to be glued;
- des problèmes de marquage des surfaces d'aspect ; et  problems of marking appearance surfaces; and
- des temps de cycle supérieurs à la minute, impliquant un investissement capacitaire important dû au besoin d'utiliser plusieurs moyens de collage pour maintenir les pièces en position ou un capacitaire limité au nombre d'installations mises en place.  - Cycle times greater than one minute, involving a significant capacity investment due to the need to use several gluing means to keep the parts in position or a capacity limited to the number of installed installations.
Par ailleurs, la matière plastique n'étant pas un bon conducteur thermique, le procédé est extrêmement difficile si les deux pièces à coller sont en matière plastique.  Moreover, the plastic material is not a good thermal conductor, the process is extremely difficult if the two parts to be glued are plastic.
L'invention a pour but de fournir un procédé de collage permettant de remédier à ces inconvénients. L'invention y parvient en permettant notamment l'utilisation de colle activable par des rayons ultraviolets. The object of the invention is to provide a bonding method that overcomes these disadvantages. The invention achieves this by allowing in particular the use of glue activatable by ultraviolet rays.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de collage de deux pièces, notamment en matière plastique. Le procédé comporte les étapes suivantes :  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a process for bonding two parts, in particular made of plastics material. The method comprises the following steps:
on dépose au moins un film de colle sur une première pièce ;  depositing at least one glue film on a first piece;
- on met en place la seconde pièce sur la première pièce de façon à ce qu'au moins une des pièces comporte au moins une zone à colle visible, dans laquelle la colle n'est pas recouverte pas l'autre pièce ; et the second piece is placed on the first piece so that at least one of the pieces comprises at least one visible glue area, in which the glue is not covered by the other piece; and
on active une réticulation locale de la colle par irradiation directe de la colle au niveau de la zone à colle visible, ladite zone étant dimensionnée pour permettre, après réticulation de la colle au niveau de ladite zone, la manipulation de l'ensemble des deux pièces sans mouvement relatif des pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre.  a local curing of the adhesive is activated by direct irradiation of the adhesive at the level of the visible glue area, said area being dimensioned to allow, after curing the glue at said area, the manipulation of all the two parts without relative movement of the parts relative to each other.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet de réduire drastiquement les temps de cycle. En effet, selon l'invention le temps de réticulation pour manipuler deux pièces formant un hayon est inférieur à 10 secondes, alors que ce même temps est de 2 à 3 minutes pour un procédé de collage classique. The process according to the invention makes it possible to drastically reduce the cycle times. Indeed, according to the invention the crosslinking time for handling two parts forming a tailgate is less than 10 seconds, while the same time is 2 to 3 minutes for a conventional bonding process.
De plus, le procédé selon l'invention, qui peut donc se dérouler à température ambiante, permet ainsi de limiter les défauts géométriques liés aux dilatations différentielles et de limiter les défauts d'aspect dus à l'étape de chauffage nécessaire à la réticulation dans les procédés antérieurs.  In addition, the method according to the invention, which can therefore be carried out at ambient temperature, thus makes it possible to limit the geometrical defects related to the differential expansions and to limit the appearance defects due to the heating step necessary for the crosslinking in previous methods.
Le procédé permet aussi de limiter les défauts géométriques liés aux dilatations différentielles et de limiter les défauts d'aspect dus à l'étape de chauffage nécessaire à la réticulation dans les procédés antérieurs, du fait que les rayons ultraviolets (UV) n'ont d'effet important, sur de courtes périodes d'exposition, que sur la colle et non sur le plastique des pièces à assembler.  The method also makes it possible to limit the geometrical defects related to the differential expansions and to limit the appearance defects due to the heating step necessary for the crosslinking in the prior processes, since the ultraviolet (UV) rays have no need for important effect, over short periods of exposure, only on the glue and not on the plastic parts to assemble.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, on réalise la zone à colle visible en réalisant au moins une ouverture sur au moins l'une des pièces, et en remplissant de colle, au moins partiellement, ladite ouverture par écrasement du film de colle lors du pressage des deux pièces à coller.  According to a first embodiment, the visible glue area is produced by making at least one opening on at least one of the parts, and by filling at least partially said glue opening by crushing the glue film during pressing. two pieces to stick.
Selon ce mode de réalisation, on peut remplir de colle, au moins partiellement, ladite ouverture, en réalisant les étapes suivantes :  According to this embodiment, said opening can be filled with glue, at least partially, by performing the following steps:
i. on dispose une épaisseur de colle en excès au niveau de l'ouverture et/ou aux abords de l'ouverture ;  i. an excess thickness of glue is available at the opening and / or around the opening;
ii. on presse les deux pièces l'une contre l'autre, de façon à appliquer une pression à la colle provoquant le fluage de la colle, puis une remontée de la colle dans l'ouverture ; iii. on cesse de presser les deux pièces, une fois que la colle a atteint une épaisseur souhaitée dans l'ouverture. ii. the two parts are pressed against each other, so as to apply pressure to the glue causing the creep of the glue, then a rise of the glue in the opening; iii. we stop pressing the two pieces, once the glue has reached a desired thickness in the opening.
Selon un second mode de réalisation, la mise en place de la seconde pièce sur la première pièce se fait selon une direction de collage, et on réalise la zone à colle visible en laissant visible, dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction de collage, une épaisseur de colle entre les deux pièces.  According to a second embodiment, the positioning of the second piece on the first piece is in a direction of bonding, and the visible glue area is made visible in a direction substantially perpendicular to the gluing direction, a thickness of glue between the two pieces.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, la seconde pièce et la première pièce forment un volume intérieur une fois mis en place, et la zone à colle visible est accessible par des rayons ultraviolets depuis l'intérieur dudit volume.  According to a third embodiment, the second part and the first part form an internal volume once put in place, and the visible glue area is accessible by ultraviolet rays from inside said volume.
Selon un quatrième mode de réalisation, on réalise la zone à colle visible en réalisant un débordement de la colle au-delà d'une surface d'une des deux pièces. According to a fourth embodiment, the visible glue area is produced by performing an overflow of the glue beyond a surface of one of the two parts.
Avantageusement, on utilise une colle activable à température ambiante, et l'on poursuit la réticulation de la colle hors de la zone à colle visible en laissant les deux pièces à température ambiante. Advantageously, an activatable glue is used at room temperature, and the curing of the glue is continued outside the visible glue zone leaving the two parts at room temperature.
Selon l'invention, on peut utiliser comme première pièce une pièce de carrosserie automobile destinée à être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule, et comme seconde pièce une pièce de carrosserie automobile destinée à être collée sur la première pièce du côté intérieur du véhicule.  According to the invention, it is possible to use as a first piece a bodywork part intended to be visible from the outside of the vehicle, and as a second part a bodywork part intended to be glued to the first part of the inside of the vehicle.
L'invention concerne également un ensemble d'une première pièce de carrosserie automobile et d'une seconde pièce de carrosserie automobile, notamment en matière plastique, la première pièce étant destinée à être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule, dans lequel la première pièce et la seconde pièce sont fixées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'au moins un film de colle, caractérisé en ce que :  The invention also relates to an assembly of a first automobile bodywork part and a second automobile bodywork part, in particular a plastic part, the first part being intended to be visible from outside the vehicle, in which the first part and the second part are fixed to each other by means of at least one glue film, characterized in that:
la colle est activable par rayons UV ; et en ce que  the glue is activatable by UV rays; and in that
- la seconde pièce comporte au moins une ouverture débouchant sur le film de colle, de façon à former une zone à colle visible, dans laquelle la colle n'est pas recouverte pas la seconde pièce, l'ouverture étant dimensionnée pour permettre, après réticulation de la colle dans l'ouverture, la manipulation de l'ensemble des deux pièces sans mouvement relatif des pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre. - The second part comprises at least one opening opening on the adhesive film, so as to form a visible glue area, in which the glue is not covered by the second part, the opening being dimensioned to allow, after crosslinking glue in the opening, the manipulation of all two parts without relative movement of the parts relative to each other.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la figure annexée, fournie à titre d'exemple et ne présentant aucun caractère limitatif, et qui illustre le procédé selon l'invention.  The invention will be better understood on reading the attached figure, given by way of example and not limiting, and which illustrates the method according to the invention.
La figure 1 illustre les différentes étapes du procédé selon l'invention.  Figure 1 illustrates the different steps of the method according to the invention.
La figure 2 illustre un mode de réalisation d'une zone à colle visible activable depuis l'intérieur d'un volume formé par l'assemblage des deux pièces à coller.  FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an area with visible glue that can be activated from the inside of a volume formed by the assembly of the two pieces to be glued.
Les figures 3A à 3D illustrent différents modes de réalisations dans lesquels la zone à colle visible est une ouverture, et la colle est située uniquement au fond de l'ouverture (figure 3A), ou la colle remplit partiellement l'ouverture (figure 3B), remplit complètement l'ouverture (figure 3C), ou la colle déborde de l'ouverture (figure 3D). FIGS. 3A to 3D illustrate various embodiments in which the visible glue area is an opening, and the glue is located only at the bottom of the opening (Figure 3A), or the glue partially fills the opening (Figure 3B), completely fills the opening (Figure 3C), or the glue overflows the opening (Figure 3D).
On se réfère maintenant à la figure 1 , qui décrit le procédé, selon l'invention, pour coller deux pièces (1 , 2), notamment en matière plastique. Celui-ci comporte les étapes suivantes : Referring now to Figure 1, which describes the method according to the invention for bonding two parts (1, 2), including plastic. This involves the following steps:
E1 - on dépose au moins un film de colle (3), d'une colle activable par des rayons ultraviolets (UV), sur au moins une première pièce (1 );  E1 - depositing at least one glue film (3), an activatable glue with ultraviolet (UV) rays, on at least a first part (1);
E2- on met en place, selon une direction de collage, la seconde pièce (2) sur la première pièce (1 ) en ménageant dans l'ensemble formé par les deux pièces E2- is put in place, in a gluing direction, the second part (2) on the first part (1) in the assembly formed by the two parts
(1 , 2) au moins une zone (4) à colle visible, dans laquelle la colle (3) n'est pas totalement recouverte pas l'autre pièce (2), c'est-à-dire que la colle (3) est visible contrairement à la colle masquée située entre les deux pièces ; et E3- on active une réticulation locale de la colle par irradiation directe de la colle au niveau de la zone (4) à colle visible, la zone (4) étant dimensionnée pour permettre, après réticulation de la colle (3) au moins au niveau de la zone (4), la manipulation de l'ensemble des deux pièces (1 , 2) sans mouvement relatif des pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre. (1, 2) at least one area (4) with visible glue, in which the glue (3) is not completely covered by the other piece (2), that is to say that the glue (3) ) is visible, unlike the masked glue between the two pieces; and E3-activates a local crosslinking of the glue by direct irradiation of the glue at the area (4) with visible glue, the area (4) being dimensioned to allow, after crosslinking of the glue (3) at least to level of the zone (4), the manipulation of all two parts (1, 2) without relative movement of the parts relative to each other.
On appelle « direction de collage » la direction selon laquelle la seconde pièce (2) est amenée vers la surface du film de colle (3). Généralement, la direction de collage est la direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la surface du film de colle. The direction of bonding is the direction in which the second piece (2) is brought to the surface of the glue film (3). Generally, the gluing direction is the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the glue film.
La répartition du film de colle (3) avant pressage est calibré de façon à ce que, après pressage, la colle soit visible à des endroits prédéfinis, les zones (4) à colle visible, sur l'une au moins des pièces (1 , 2). Ainsi, la quantité de colle (3) déposée peut être prédéfinie, l'épaisseur du film (3) avant pressage peut être également prédéfinie, tout comme l'emplacement avant pressage du film sur la pièce.  The distribution of the adhesive film (3) before pressing is calibrated so that, after pressing, the adhesive is visible at predefined locations, the areas (4) with visible glue, on at least one of the pieces (1 , 2). Thus, the amount of glue (3) deposited can be predefined, the thickness of the film (3) before pressing can also be predefined, as the location before pressing the film on the piece.
On entend par « réticulation de la colle par irradiation directe » le fait que la colle reçoit directement des rayonnements, tels que des rayons ultraviolets (UV), transmettant directement à la colle de l'énergie apte à réticuler la colle. L'action d'initier la réticulation est appelée « activation ».  The term "crosslinking of the glue by direct irradiation" means that the glue directly receives radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV), directly transmitting energy glue able to crosslink the glue. The action of initiating the crosslinking is called "activation".
La zone (4) de colle visible est ainsi dimensionnée de façon à ce que la quantité de colle qui réticule au niveau de cette zone suffise pour maintenir, au moins pour la manipulation, les deux pièces (1 , 2) collées, et sans mouvement relatif des pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre. On recherche donc à avoir une tenue minimum afin de rendre les pièces manipulables, la fin de la réticulation se faisant ultérieurement par tout autre moyen.  The area (4) of visible glue is thus dimensioned so that the amount of glue that reticles at this area is sufficient to maintain, at least for handling, the two pieces (1, 2) glued, and without movement relative parts relative to each other. It is therefore sought to have a minimum hold in order to make the parts manipulable, the end of the crosslinking being done later by any other means.
La partie de colle située en dehors de la zone (4), c'est-à-dire entre les deux pièces, n'est pas visible, et n'est donc pas activée par irradiation directe, comme l'illustre l'étape E4 sur la figure 1 . La colle réticulée est noté 3a, et la colle non réticulée est notée 3b. The glue portion located outside the zone (4), that is to say between the two parts, is not visible, and is therefore not activated by direct irradiation, as illustrated in step E4 in FIG. The crosslinked adhesive is noted 3a, and the non-crosslinked adhesive is noted 3b.
On peut alors parler de collage partiel et temporaire, c'est-à-dire que les deux pièces (1 , 2) peuvent n'être collées qu'au niveau de la zone (4) à la fin de l'étape E3. Mais ce collage reste suffisant pour que les pièces restent solidaires et sans mouvement relatif lors de leur manipulation.  We can then speak of partial and temporary bonding, that is to say that the two pieces (1, 2) can be glued at the level of the zone (4) at the end of step E3. But this bond remains sufficient for the parts remain solid and without relative movement during handling.
La partie de colle située en dehors de la zone, c'est-à-dire entre les deux pièces, et qui n'est donc pas activée par irradiation directe, peut réticuler ultérieurement.  The portion of adhesive located outside the zone, that is to say between the two parts, and which is therefore not activated by direct irradiation, can crosslink later.
Avantageusement, la partie de colle située en dehors de la zone finit de réticuler (E5) après avoir pu commencer à manipuler l'ensemble des deux pièces assemblées, de façon à ne pas ralentir le cycle de production.  Advantageously, the portion of glue located outside the zone finishes to crosslink (E5) after having been able to start handling all the two pieces assembled, so as not to slow down the production cycle.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, on utilise une colle (3) ayant la capacité de réticuler, même lentement, à température ambiante. On peut par exemple utiliser la colle suivante : DELO-DUALBOND ® 2K VE 518202 (DELO Gmbh, Allemagne), qui est un uréthane acrylate bi-composants.  According to a particular embodiment, an adhesive (3) having the capacity to crosslink, even slowly, at room temperature is used. For example, the following adhesive can be used: DELO-DUALBOND® 2K VE 518202 (DELO GmbH, Germany), which is a two-component urethane acrylate.
La réticulation peut donc se poursuivre après l'activation par irradiation directe. Ainsi, il est possible d'assembler les deux pièces (1 , 2) par réticulation de la colle (3) par irradiation directe de la colle (3) au niveau de la zone (4) à colle visible, puis de manipuler les pièces (1 ,2), éventuellement d'effectuer des opérations d'assemblage de composants ou de réaliser des finitions (ébavurage, peinture, perçage ...), et les stocker, en magasin par exemple, avant expédition (transport). Pendant tous ces temps sans forte contraintes mécaniques, toute la colle (3) déposée sur au moins l'une des pièces (1 , 2) poursuit sa réticulation selon le 2ème mode, en temps masqué, de façon à ce que la réticulation soit terminée avant que la pièce ne soit montée sur le véhicule. Crosslinking can therefore continue after activation by direct irradiation. Thus, it is possible to assemble the two parts (1, 2) by crosslinking the glue (3) by direct irradiation of the glue (3) at the area (4) with visible glue, and then to manipulate the parts (1, 2), possibly to perform component assembly operations or to achieve finishes (deburring, painting, drilling, etc.), and store them, for example in the warehouse, before shipment (transport). During all these times without strong mechanical stresses, all the adhesive (3) deposited on at least one of the parts (1, 2) continues its crosslinking according to the 2nd mode, in masked time, so that the crosslinking is completed before the part is mounted on the vehicle.
Un des intérêts de procéder à la formation d'une zone (4) à colle visible, est de pouvoir activer directement la réticulation de la colle (3) par radiation et non par conduction. De plus, cela permet l'utilisation de colle activables par des rayons ultraviolets (UV). En effet, la partie de colle à nu, c'est-à-dire non masquée entre les deux pièces (1 , 2), est rendue accessible à un éclairage aux ultraviolets (UV).  One of the advantages of forming a zone (4) with visible glue, is to be able to directly activate the crosslinking of the glue (3) by radiation and not by conduction. In addition, this allows the use of activatable glues by ultraviolet (UV) rays. Indeed, the portion of glue exposed, that is to say unmasked between the two parts (1, 2), is made accessible to ultraviolet (UV) lighting.
L'intérêt de ces colles activables par des rayons UV est de proposer des temps de réticulation très courts. Ainsi, on choisira de préférence une colle activable par UV ayant un temps de réticulation de l'ordre de quelques secondes. Il est ainsi possible de réduire le temps de cycle, du procédé d'assemblage initial par collage des deux pièces principales.  The advantage of these activatable adhesives by UV rays is to provide very short curing times. Thus, a UV activatable adhesive having a crosslinking time of the order of a few seconds will preferably be chosen. It is thus possible to reduce the cycle time of the initial assembly process by bonding the two main parts.
Dans ce cas, à l'étape E3 du procédé selon l'invention, on active la réticulation de la colle par irradiation directe de rayons UV. La zone dans laquelle la colle n'est pas recouverte pas l'autre pièce peut être réalisée de différentes manières. In this case, in step E3 of the process according to the invention, the crosslinking of the adhesive is activated by direct irradiation of UV rays. The area in which the glue is not covered by the other part can be achieved in different ways.
Selon un premier exemple, illustré sur la figure 1 (étape E3) et sur la figure 2, on réalise la zone (4) à colle visible en laissant visible une portion de colle entre les deux pièces (1 ,2), par exemple dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction de collage.  According to a first example, illustrated in FIG. 1 (step E3) and in FIG. 2, the visible glue area (4) is made by leaving visible a portion of glue between the two pieces (1, 2), for example in a direction substantially perpendicular to the gluing direction.
Ainsi, la zone (4) dans laquelle la colle n'est pas recouverte peut correspondre à une épaisseur du film de colle réparti/positionné entre les deux pièces. Sur ces figures les rayons ultraviolets activant la colle sur le côté, dans l'épaisseur, sont notés UV2. On peut ainsi disposer une épaisseur de colle sur une zone d'au moins une des deux pièces, sur une partie périphérique des pièces (figure 1 ) ou sur une zone où l'épaisseur de colle sera visible (figure 2), puis positionner les deux pièces l'une sur l'autre et activer la réticulation de la colle par irradiation directe de l'épaisseur de colle visible entre les deux pièces.  Thus, the area (4) in which the glue is not covered can correspond to a thickness of the glue film distributed / positioned between the two pieces. In these figures the ultraviolet rays activating the glue on the side, in the thickness, are noted UV2. It is thus possible to have a thickness of adhesive on an area of at least one of the two parts, on a peripheral part of the parts (FIG. 1) or on an area where the thickness of glue will be visible (FIG. 2), and then position the two pieces on one another and activate the crosslinking of the glue by direct irradiation of the glue thickness visible between the two parts.
Selon l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 2, la seconde pièce (2) et la première pièce (1 ) forment un volume intérieur une fois mises en place. La zone (4) à colle visible est accessible par des rayons ultraviolets depuis l'intérieur de ce volume.  According to the embodiment of Figure 2, the second part (2) and the first part (1) form an interior volume once in place. The area (4) with visible glue is accessible by ultraviolet rays from inside this volume.
L'exemple de la figure 2 est particulièrement intéressant. En effet, il arrive couramment que deux pièces de carrosserie doivent être collées par un accostage bord à bord, mais la position de ces pièces sur le véhicule fait que la colle ne doit pas être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule. Il peut s'agir par exemple d'un becquet collé sur le hayon ou le pavillon d'un véhicule.  The example of Figure 2 is particularly interesting. Indeed, it usually happens that two body parts must be glued by an abutment edge to edge, but the position of these parts on the vehicle that the glue must not be visible from outside the vehicle. It may be for example a spoiler stuck on the tailgate or the roof of a vehicle.
On réalise alors un évidement dans l'une des parois d'accostage, proche du contact entre les deux pièces, de façon à générer un cordon de colle, visible seulement depuis l'intérieur. L'activation de la colle se fait alors par l'intérieur.  A recess is then made in one of the docking walls, close to the contact between the two parts, so as to generate a bead of glue, visible only from the inside. Activation of the glue is then done from the inside.
Selon un second exemple, illustré sur la figure 1 (étape E3), la zone dans laquelle la colle n'est pas recouverte peut correspondre à un débordement de la colle au-delà d'une surface d'une des deux pièces. Sur ces figures les rayons ultraviolets activant la colle ayant débordée, sont notés UV3. On peut ainsi disposer un film de colle «en excès» sur une zone d'au moins une des deux pièces, sur une partie périphérique des pièces par exemple (figure 1 ), puis positionner les deux pièces l'une sur l'autre. En appliquant une pression sur les deux pièces, la colle flue latéralement jusqu'à créer un débordement de colle autours desdites zones. Plus le film de colle est positionné proche de la périphérie d'au moins une des pièces et plus l'épaisseur du film sera importante, plus le débordement sera facile et rapide à réaliser. Enfin, on active la réticulation de la colle par irradiation directe de la colle ayant débordé.  According to a second example, illustrated in Figure 1 (step E3), the area in which the glue is not covered may correspond to an overflow of the glue beyond a surface of one of the two parts. In these figures, the ultraviolet rays activating the glue having overflowed, are denoted UV3. It is thus possible to dispose an "excess" adhesive film on an area of at least one of the two parts, on a peripheral part of the parts for example (FIG. 1), and then to position the two parts one on the other. By applying pressure on the two parts, the glue flue laterally to create an overflow of glue around said areas. The more the adhesive film is positioned close to the periphery of at least one of the parts and the greater the thickness of the film, the more the overflow will be easy and quick to achieve. Finally, it activates the crosslinking of the glue by direct irradiation glue overflowing.
Selon un troisième exemple de réalisation, on crée au moins une ouverture (4), de préférence en regard de la direction de collage, sur au moins l'une des pièces, de façon à rendre visible la colle (3) qui serait cachée par les pièces sans la présence de cette ouverture (4). Selon cet exemple, on peut réaliser une zone (4) à colle visible en réalisant les étapes suivantes : According to a third exemplary embodiment, at least one opening (4) is preferably facing the direction of bonding, on at least one of the parts, so as to make visible the glue (3) which would be hidden by the parts without the presence of this opening (4). According to this example, it is possible to produce a zone (4) with visible glue by carrying out the following steps:
1 . on réalise au moins une ouverture (4) dans au moins une zone d'une des pièces (1 ,1. at least one opening (4) is made in at least one zone of one of the parts (1,
2), la zone étant destinée à être en contact avec le film de colle ; 2), the area being intended to be in contact with the glue film;
2. on remplit, au moins partiellement, de colle (3) l'ouverture (4) par écrasement du film de colle en rapprochant les deux pièces (1 , 2) l'une de l'autre par pressage : 2. the opening (4) is filled, at least partially, with glue (3) by crushing the adhesive film by bringing the two parts (1, 2) closer to one another by pressing:
i. On dispose une épaisseur de colle (3) « en excès », au niveau de l'ouverture (4) et/ou aux abords de l'ouverture (4).  i. An adhesive thickness (3) "in excess" is available at the opening (4) and / or around the opening (4).
ii. On amène et positionne l'autre pièce. La colle (3) est alors soit au fond de l'ouverture (4), soit entre les pièces (1 , 2) proches de l'ouverture (4).  ii. We bring and position the other room. The glue (3) is then either at the bottom of the opening (4) or between the parts (1, 2) close to the opening (4).
iii. On presse les deux pièces (1 , 2) l'une contre l'autre. Cette pression est transmise à la colle (3), qui flue latéralement entre les deux pièces (1 , 2) vers les bords libres en périphérie des pièces et/ou vers l'ouverture (4). Au niveau de cette ouverture (4), la colle (3), déjà présente ou issue du fluage, est libre de fluer verticalement, c'est-à-dire de remonter dans l'ouverture (4).  iii. The two pieces (1, 2) are pressed against each other. This pressure is transmitted to the adhesive (3), which flows laterally between the two parts (1, 2) towards the free edges at the periphery of the parts and / or towards the opening (4). At this opening (4), the adhesive (3), already present or creep, is free to flow vertically, that is to say, to go back into the opening (4).
iv. On cesse de presser les deux pièces, une fois que la colle à atteint une épaisseur souhaitée et/ou une surface de débordement souhaitée. Des butées de fin de course d'écrasement garantissent le jeu (donc l'épaisseur de colle souhaitée) entre les deux pièces (1 , 2).  iv. The two pieces are stopped, once the glue has reached a desired thickness and / or a desired overflow area. Crushing limit stops guarantee play (and thus the desired glue thickness) between the two parts (1, 2).
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'ouverture (4) est au moins partiellement remplie de colle par écrasement du film de colle lors du pressage des deux pièces à coller. Le remplissage peut être partiel, complet, et peut même donner lieu à un débordement de colle, formant une forme en rivet (voir figures 3A à 3D).  According to one embodiment, the opening (4) is at least partially filled with glue by crushing the adhesive film during pressing of the two parts to be bonded. The filling may be partial, complete, and may even give rise to an overflow of glue, forming a rivet shape (see FIGS. 3A to 3D).
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, pour réaliser la zone (4) à colle visible, on réalise (lors du moulage de préférence) sur l'une des deux pièces, au moins un ensemble d'ouvertures débouchant sur le film de colle. Ces ouvertures peuvent être positionnées à intervalle régulier ou non.  According to a preferred embodiment, for producing the area (4) with visible glue, at least one set of openings leading to the glue film is produced (during molding preferably) on one of the two parts. These openings may be positioned at regular intervals or not.
Le nombre, la forme et la position des ouvertures (4) sont choisis de façon à réaliser un réseau de points de fixation entre les deux pièces permettant une manipulation de l'ensemble des deux pièces après réticulation sous UV de la colle seulement au niveau de la zone à colle visible. En d'autres termes, ces ouvertures sont dimensionnées de façon à ce que la quantité de colle qui réticule sous l'effet uniquement des UV au niveau de ces ouvertures suffise pour maintenir en place dans leur position définitive, au moins pour la manipulation, les deux pièces collées. Exemple The number, the shape and the position of the openings (4) are chosen so as to achieve a network of attachment points between the two parts allowing manipulation of all the two parts after crosslinking under UV of the adhesive only at the level of the area with visible glue. In other words, these openings are dimensioned so that the amount of adhesive which crosslinks under the effect of only UV at these openings is sufficient to hold in place in their final position, at least for handling, the two pieces glued. Example
Le procédé est particulièrement bien adapté pour l'industrie automobile, où il permet d'assembler toutes pièces de carrosserie.  The process is particularly well suited for the automotive industry where it can be used to assemble all body parts.
Il est notamment possible d'utiliser le procédé pour réaliser un assemblage comportant un becquet, une peau/presseur, un bandeau extérieur, un habillage / une garniture, un support de capteur de parking ou de lave phare...  In particular, it is possible to use the method for making an assembly comprising a spoiler, a skin / presser, an external strip, a covering / lining, a parking sensor holder or headlight washer ...
On peut notamment utiliser comme première pièce (1 ) une pièce de carrosserie automobile destinée à être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule, et comme seconde pièce (2) une pièce de carrosserie automobile destinée à être collée sur la première pièce du côté intérieur du véhicule.  In particular, it is possible to use as a first piece (1) a bodywork part intended to be visible from the outside of the vehicle, and as a second part (2) a bodywork part intended to be glued to the first piece on the inner side of the vehicle. vehicle.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, la première pièce (1 ) est un panneau extérieur de hayon de véhicule automobile, destiné à être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule, et la seconde pièce (2) est une doublure intérieure de ce hayon.  According to an exemplary embodiment, the first part (1) is an outer panel of motor vehicle tailgate, intended to be visible from outside the vehicle, and the second part (2) is an inner lining of the tailgate.
Selon cet exemple, le procédé de collage du panneau et de la doublure du hayon comporte les étapes suivantes :  According to this example, the process of bonding the panel and the lining of the tailgate comprises the following steps:
- on réalise dans la doublure un ensemble d'ouvertures(4) débouchant le long du film de colle (3) ;  in the lining, a set of openings (4) opens out along the adhesive film (3);
- on dépose un film de colle (3) sur le panneau (1 ) ;  - a glue film (3) is deposited on the panel (1);
- on remplit, au moins partiellement, de colle (3) les ouvertures (4) au moyen d'un écrasement du film en pressant le panneau (1 ) et la doublure (2) l'un contre l'autre ; on active la réticulation de la colle (3) par irradiation directe de la colle au niveau des ouvertures (4), par exemple au moyen d'une lampe UV dans le cas d'une colle activable par rayons UV ;  at least partially filling the openings (4) with glue (3) by means of crushing the film by pressing the panel (1) and the lining (2) against each other; the crosslinking of the adhesive (3) is activated by direct irradiation of the adhesive at the openings (4), for example by means of a UV lamp in the case of a glue which can be activated by UV radiation;
éventuellement, on poursuit la réticulation de l'ensemble de la colle à température ambiante.  optionally, it continues crosslinking of all the adhesive at room temperature.
L'invention concerne également un ensemble d'une première pièce de carrosserie automobile (1 ) et d'une seconde pièce de carrosserie automobile (2), notamment en matière plastique, la première pièce (1 ) étant destinée à être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule, dans lequel la première pièce (1 ) et la seconde pièce (2) sont fixées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'au moins un film de colle (3) activable par rayons UV. La seconde pièce (2) comporte au moins une ouverture (4) débouchant sur le film de colle (3), de façon à former une zone à colle visible, dans laquelle la colle (3) n'est pas recouverte pas la seconde pièce (2), l'ouverture (4) étant dimensionnée pour permettre, après réticulation de la colle (3) dans l'ouverture (4), la manipulation de l'ensemble des deux pièces (1 , 2) sans mouvement relatif des pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre. The invention also relates to an assembly of a first automobile body part (1) and a second automobile body part (2), in particular made of plastic material, the first part (1) being intended to be visible from the outside the vehicle, wherein the first piece (1) and the second piece (2) are fixed to each other by means of at least one UV-activatable adhesive film (3). The second piece (2) has at least one opening (4) opening on the adhesive film (3), so as to form a visible glue area, in which the glue (3) is not covered with the second piece (2), the opening (4) being dimensioned to allow, after crosslinking of the adhesive (3) in the opening (4), the manipulation of all the two parts (1, 2) without relative movement of the parts one with respect to the other.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, la première pièce (1 ) est un panneau extérieur de hayon de véhicule automobile, destiné à être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule, et la seconde pièce (2) est une doublure intérieure de ce hayon. According to an exemplary embodiment, the first piece (1) is an outer panel of motor vehicle tailgate, intended to be visible from outside the vehicle, and the second piece (2) is an inner lining of the tailgate.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Procédé de collage de deux pièces (1 , 2), notamment en matière plastique, dans lequel on dépose (E1 ) au moins un film de colle (3) sur au moins une première pièce (1 ), caractérisé en ce que : 1. Method for bonding two pieces (1, 2), in particular of plastic material, in which at least one glue film (3) is deposited on at least one first piece (1), characterized in that:
- on utilise une colle activable par des rayons ultraviolets (UV) ;  an activatable glue is used with ultraviolet (UV) rays;
- on met en place (E2) la seconde pièce (2) sur la première pièce (1 ) en ménageant dans l'ensemble formé par les deux pièces (1 , 2) au moins une zone (4) à colle visible, dans laquelle la colle (3) n'est pas totalement recouverte pas l'autre pièce (2) ; et  the second piece (2) is put in place (E2) on the first piece (1), leaving in the assembly formed by the two pieces (1, 2) at least one visible glue area (4), in which the glue (3) is not completely covered by the other piece (2); and
- on active (E3) une réticulation locale de la colle (3) par irradiation directe de la colle au niveau de la zone (4) à colle visible, ladite zone(4) étant dimensionnée pour permettre, après réticulation de la colle au moins au niveau de ladite zone (4), la manipulation de l'ensemble des deux pièces (1 , 2) sans mouvement relatif des pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre.  - activating (E3) a local crosslinking of the adhesive (3) by direct irradiation of the adhesive at the area (4) with visible glue, said area (4) being dimensioned to allow, after crosslinking of the glue at least at the level of said zone (4), the manipulation of all two parts (1, 2) without relative movement of the parts relative to each other.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel on réalise la zone (4) à colle visible en réalisant au moins une ouverture sur au moins l'une des pièces, et en remplissant de colle (3), au moins partiellement, ladite ouverture (4) par écrasement du film de colle (3) lors du pressage des deux pièces (1 , 2) à coller. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the area (4) with visible glue is made by making at least one opening on at least one of the parts, and by filling with glue (3), at least partially, said opening (4) by crushing the adhesive film (3) during the pressing of the two pieces (1, 2) to be glued.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel on remplit de colle (3), au moins partiellement, ladite ouverture (4), en réalisant les étapes suivantes : 3. Method according to claim 2, wherein at least partially said glue (3) is filled with glue (3), by performing the following steps:
iv. on dispose une épaisseur de colle (3) en excès au niveau de l'ouverture (4) et/ou aux abords de l'ouverture (4) ;  iv. an excess thickness of glue (3) is disposed at the opening (4) and / or around the opening (4);
v. on presse les deux pièces (1 , 2) l'une contre l'autre, de façon à appliquer une pression à la colle (3) provoquant le fluage de la colle (3), puis une remontée de la colle (3) dans l'ouverture (4) ;  v. the two parts (1, 2) are pressed against each other, so as to apply a pressure to the adhesive (3) causing the creep of the adhesive (3), then a rise of the adhesive (3) in the opening (4);
vi. on cesse de presser les deux pièces (1 , 2), une fois que la colle (3) a atteint une épaisseur souhaitée dans l'ouverture (4).  vi. the two pieces (1, 2) are stopped by pressing once the glue (3) has reached a desired thickness in the opening (4).
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la mise en place (E2) de la seconde pièce (2) sur la première pièce (1 ) se fait selon une direction de collage, et on réalise la zone (4) à colle visible en laissant visible, dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction de collage, une épaisseur de colle entre les deux pièces (1 ,2). 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the establishment (E2) of the second piece (2) on the first piece (1) is in a gluing direction, and is carried out the area (4) with visible glue leaving visible, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of bonding, a thickness of adhesive between the two parts (1, 2).
5. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la seconde pièce (2) et la première pièce (1 ) forment un volume intérieur une fois mis en place, et la zone (4) à colle visible est accessible par des rayons ultraviolets depuis l'intérieur dudit volume. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel on réalise la zone (4) à colle visible en réalisant un débordement de la colle (3) au-delà d'une surface d'une des deux pièces (1 , 2). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second piece (2) and the first piece (1) form an interior volume once in place, and the area (4) with visible glue is accessible by ultraviolet rays since interior of said volume. Method according to claim 1, wherein the visible glue area (4) is produced by overflowing the glue (3) beyond a surface of one of the two pieces (1, 2).
Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on utilise une colle activable à température ambiante, et l'on poursuit la réticulation de la colle hors de la zone (4) à colle visible en laissant les deux pièces (1 , 2) à température ambiante.  Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which an activatable glue is used at ambient temperature, and the glue is further cured out of the visible glue area (4) leaving the two pieces (1, 2) at room temperature.
Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on utilise comme première pièce (1 ) une pièce de carrosserie automobile destinée à être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule, et comme seconde pièce (2) une pièce de carrosserie automobile destinée à être collée sur la première pièce (1 ) du côté intérieur du véhicule.  Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first part (1) is an automobile body part intended to be visible from the outside of the vehicle, and as a second part (2) a bodywork part intended to be glued on the first part (1) on the inside of the vehicle.
Ensemble d'une première pièce de carrosserie automobile (1 ) et d'une seconde pièce de carrosserie automobile (2), notamment en matière plastique, la première pièce (1 ) étant destinée à être visible depuis l'extérieur du véhicule, dans lequel la première pièce (1 ) et la seconde pièce (2) sont fixées l'une à l'autre au moyen d'au moins un film de colle (3), caractérisé en ce que :  Assembly of a first automobile body part (1) and a second automobile body part (2), in particular of plastic material, the first part (1) being intended to be visible from outside the vehicle, in which the first piece (1) and the second piece (2) are fixed to one another by means of at least one glue film (3), characterized in that:
la colle (3) est activable par rayons UV ; et en ce que  the adhesive (3) is activatable by UV radiation; and in that
la seconde pièce (2) comporte au moins une ouverture (4) débouchant sur le film de colle (3), de façon à former une zone à colle visible, dans laquelle la colle (3) n'est pas recouverte pas la seconde pièce (2), l'ouverture (4) étant dimensionnée pour permettre, après réticulation de la colle (3) dans l'ouverture (4), la manipulation de l'ensemble des deux pièces (1 , 2) sans mouvement relatif des pièces l'une par rapport à l'autre.  the second piece (2) comprises at least one opening (4) opening on the adhesive film (3), so as to form a visible glue area, in which the glue (3) is not covered by the second piece (2), the opening (4) being dimensioned to allow, after crosslinking of the adhesive (3) in the opening (4), the manipulation of all the two parts (1, 2) without relative movement of the parts one with respect to the other.
PCT/FR2015/052062 2014-08-01 2015-07-24 Method of assembly by adhering two motor vehicle parts WO2016016560A1 (en)

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FR1457549A FR3024458B1 (en) 2014-08-01 2014-08-01 METHOD FOR COLLABLY ASSEMBLING TWO PARTS OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
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WO2018109322A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Compagnie Plastic Omnium Method for assembling two motor vehicle parts by means of bonding using a resistive coating
FR3102131A1 (en) * 2019-10-21 2021-04-23 Compagnie Plastic Omnium Se A method of bonding a bodywork element of a vehicle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018109322A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Compagnie Plastic Omnium Method for assembling two motor vehicle parts by means of bonding using a resistive coating
FR3060515A1 (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-22 Compagnie Plastic Omnium METHOD FOR COLLABLY ASSEMBLING TWO PARTS OF A MOTOR VEHICLE USING A RESISTIVE COATING
FR3102131A1 (en) * 2019-10-21 2021-04-23 Compagnie Plastic Omnium Se A method of bonding a bodywork element of a vehicle
EP3812247A1 (en) * 2019-10-21 2021-04-28 Compagnie Plastic Omnium SE Method for gluing a body part of a vehicle
CN112760045A (en) * 2019-10-21 2021-05-07 全耐塑料欧洲公司 Method for gluing vehicle body elements
CN112760045B (en) * 2019-10-21 2023-09-29 全耐塑料欧洲公司 Method for gluing body elements of a gluing vehicle

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