WO2016015630A1 - 基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体 - Google Patents

基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体 Download PDF

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WO2016015630A1
WO2016015630A1 PCT/CN2015/085346 CN2015085346W WO2016015630A1 WO 2016015630 A1 WO2016015630 A1 WO 2016015630A1 CN 2015085346 W CN2015085346 W CN 2015085346W WO 2016015630 A1 WO2016015630 A1 WO 2016015630A1
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photonic crystal
refractive index
forbidden band
cross
column
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欧阳征标
王晶晶
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Shenzhen University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths

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  • the invention relates to a wide absolute forbidden band two-dimensional photonic crystal.
  • a photonic crystal is a material structure in which dielectric materials are periodically arranged in space, and is usually composed of two or more kinds of artificial crystals having materials having different dielectric constants.
  • the frequency interval in which the electromagnetic field state density is zero is defined as the TE or TM complete band gap of the photonic crystal, and the frequency interval in which TE and TM are completely forbidden band is called photonic crystal.
  • Absolute forbidden band Designing a photonic crystal with a complete forbidden band or absolute forbidden band, it can simply and effectively regulate the macroscopic electromagnetic properties of the medium, including selecting the frequency band, mode and transmission path in which the electromagnetic wave is propagated, and controlling the absorption or radiation characteristics of the medium therein. Photon motion, the basis for making various photonic devices.
  • the wider the photonic band gap the better the performance of the device.
  • the wider the photonic band gap the wider the operating band of the photonic crystal waveguide, the smaller the transmission loss, the photonic crystal resonator and the laser.
  • the higher the quality factor the better the photonic crystal has a better restraining effect on spontaneous emission, and the higher the reflectivity of the photonic crystal mirror.
  • Photonic crystals with complete forbidden band and absolute forbidden band have photon band gaps for light in different propagation directions, so photonic crystals with complete forbidden band and absolute forbidden band have received extensive attention.
  • a non-square lattice structure such as a triangular lattice or a hexagonal lattice is required, but in the photonic crystal integrated optical path, a square lattice structure can be used to make the optical path simple and easy to provide an optical path. Integration, while the traditional forbidden lattice photonic crystal has a very small forbidden band width, so a square lattice photonic crystal with a large absolute forbidden band is a goal that people have been pursuing.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a novel square lattice photonic crystal structure which is easy to integrate optical paths and has a large relative forbidden band width.
  • the present invention has been achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the large absolute forbidden band square lattice photonic crystal structure based on the cross-link column and the cylinder of the present invention comprises a high refractive index dielectric column and a low refractive index background dielectric column, and the high refractive index dielectric column is placed by a plate placed in a cross direction
  • the dielectric column cross link is composed of a circular dielectric column;
  • the photonic crystal structure is composed of the cells arranged in a square lattice;
  • the lattice constant of the square lattice is a;
  • the width D of the flat dielectric column is 0.0558a, the radius R of the cylinder is 0.31392a, and the relative value of the maximum absolute forbidden band is 17.25675%.
  • the high refractive index medium is silicon, gallium arsenide, titanium dioxide or a high refractive index medium having a refractive index greater than 2;
  • the high refractive index medium is silicon and has a refractive index of 3.4.
  • the low refractive index background medium is air, magnesium fluoride, silicon dioxide or a low refractive index medium.
  • the low refractive index medium is air.
  • the leftmost end of the left flat connecting rod of the cell to the rightmost end of the right flat connecting rod The distance is a.
  • the distance from the bottommost end of the lower plate connecting rod of the cell to the top end of the upper plate connecting rod is a.
  • the radius of the cylinder is 0.306a ⁇ R ⁇ 0.324a
  • the high refractive index material is silicon
  • the low refractive index medium is air
  • the absolute forbidden band relative value of the photonic crystal structure is greater than 16.6%.
  • the width of the flat dielectric column is 0.055a ⁇ D ⁇ 0.059a, the radius of the cylinder is 0.3078a ⁇ R ⁇ 0.3231a, the high refractive index material is silicon, and the low refractive index medium is air, and the photonic crystal structure is The absolute forbidden band relative value is greater than 16.8%.
  • the width of the flat dielectric column is 0.055a ⁇ D ⁇ 0.059a, the radius of the cylinder is 0.3096a ⁇ R ⁇ 0.3186a, the high refractive index material is silicon, and the low refractive index medium is air, and the photonic crystal structure is The absolute forbidden band is greater than 17%.
  • the photonic crystal structure of the present invention can be widely applied to large-scale integrated optical path design. Compared with the prior art, it has the following positive effects.
  • the photonic crystal structure of the present invention has a very large absolute forbidden band, which provides more space for the application of photonic crystals, and also brings greater convenience and flexibility to the design and manufacture of photonic crystal devices.
  • the photonic crystal of the invention belongs to a square lattice, has a simple optical path, is convenient for design, and is easy to integrate large-scale optical paths;
  • the photonic crystal of the present invention belongs to a square lattice, and connection and coupling are easily realized between different optical elements in the optical path and between different optical paths, which is advantageous in reducing cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a large absolute forbidden band square lattice two-dimensional photonic crystal based on a cross-link column and a cylinder according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the effect of the width of the flat dielectric column on the relative value of the absolute forbidden band.
  • Figure 3 is an energy band diagram of the photonic crystal structure of the present invention corresponding to the maximum relative forbidden band width relative value.
  • FIG. 4 is a parameter structural diagram of the relative absolute maximum band gap value of the photonic crystal shown in FIG. 1.
  • the photonic crystal structure of the present invention comprises a high refractive index dielectric column and a low refractive index background dielectric column, and the entire photonic crystal structure is formed by arranging the cells in a square lattice.
  • the high refractive index dielectric column is divided into two parts: a circular dielectric column and a flat dielectric column cross link placed in a cross direction connecting the circular dielectric column; FIG.
  • the cell is arranged in a square lattice to form the photonic crystal;
  • the lattice constant of the square lattice is a;
  • the width D of the plate dielectric column is 0.0558a, and the radius R of the cylinder is 0.31392a, the relative value of the maximum absolute forbidden band is 17.266755%;
  • the width of the flat dielectric column is 0.055a ⁇ D ⁇ 0.059a, the radius of the cylinder is 0.306a ⁇ R ⁇ 0.324a, and the high refractive index material is Silicon, the low refractive index medium is air, the absolute forbidden band relative value of the photonic crystal structure is greater than 16.6%;
  • the width of the flat dielectric column is 0.055a ⁇ D ⁇ 0.059a, and the radius of the cylinder is 0.3078a ⁇ R ⁇ 0.3231a, the high refractive index material is silicon, the low refractive index medium is air, the absolute forbidden band relative
  • the background medium is a low refractive index medium, and the low refractive index background medium is vacuum, air, magnesium fluoride, silicon dioxide or the like.
  • the ratio of the absolute forbidden band width to the forbidden band center frequency is taken as the index of the forbidden band width, which is called the relative forbidden band width relative value.
  • the coarse parameter is obtained, and the better parameter D is 0.056a.
  • the high refractive index material is silicon
  • the low refractive index medium is air
  • the fixed D is 0.056a
  • R is scanned based on the plane wave expansion method, and the result shown in Fig. 2 is obtained.
  • the high refractive index material is silicon
  • the low refractive index medium is air
  • the fixed R is 0.31392a
  • high refractive index material is silicon
  • low refractive index medium is air
  • D 0.0558a
  • R 0.31392a
  • the maximum absolute forbidden band relative value is 17.276755%.
  • the energy band diagram is shown in Figure 3.
  • the photonic crystal structure under the final structural parameters is shown in Figure 4.
  • the dotted line in the figure indicates the boundary of the cell.
  • High refractive index medium is silicon
  • low refractive index medium is air
  • a 0.325
  • absolute of photonic crystal obtained
  • the forbidden band range is (0.818722 ⁇ 0.688574), and the relative value of the absolute forbidden band corresponds to 17.25675%.
  • High refractive index medium is silicon
  • low refractive index medium is air
  • a 0.45
  • absolute of photonic crystal obtained
  • the forbidden band range is (1.133615 ⁇ 0.95341), and the relative value of the absolute forbidden band corresponds to 17.25675%.
  • High refractive index medium is silicon
  • low refractive index medium is air
  • a 0.35
  • absolute of photonic crystal obtained
  • the forbidden band range is (0.893975 ⁇ 0.756888), and the relative value of the absolute forbidden band corresponds to 16.60611%.
  • the forbidden band range is (1.2073 ⁇ 1.020189), and the relative value of the absolute forbidden band corresponds to 16.80116%.
  • the high refractive index medium is silicon
  • the low refractive index medium is air
  • a 0.5
  • the obtained photonic crystal The absolute forbidden band range is (1.257292 ⁇ 1.060265), and the absolute value of the absolute forbidden band corresponds to 17.0011%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，包括高折射率介质柱和低折射率背景介质柱。高折射率介质柱由位于十字方向放置的平板介质柱十字连杆连接圆介质柱组成；光子晶体结构由元胞按正方晶格排列而成；正方晶格的晶格常数为a；平板介质柱的宽度为0.0558a，圆柱的外径为0.31392a，最大绝对禁带的相对值为17.26755％。正方晶格光子晶体易于与光路中不同光学元件之间以及不同光路之间实现连接和耦合，有利于降低成本，这种光子晶体结构具有大绝对禁带，可广泛应用于大规模集成光路设计中。

Description

基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体 技术领域
本发明涉及宽绝对禁带二维光子晶体。
背景技术
1987年，美国Bell实验室的E.Yablonovitch在讨论如何抑制自发辐射和Princeton大学的S.John在讨论光子区域各自独立地提出了光子晶体(Photonic Crystal)的概念。光子晶体是一种介电材料在空间中呈周期性排列的物质结构，通常由两种或两种以上具有不同介电常数材料构成的人工晶体。
在频域，对任意方向传播的TE或TM波，电磁场态密度为零的频率区间定义为光子晶体的TE或TM完全禁带，同时为TE和TM完全禁带的频率区间被称为光子晶体的绝对禁带。设计具有完全禁带或绝对禁带的光子晶体，能够简单而有效地调控介质的宏观电磁特性，包括选择其中传播电磁波的频带、模式和传输路径，控制其中介质的吸收或辐射等特性，是控制光子运动、制作各种光子器件的基础。
对于各种光子晶体器件而言，光子禁带越宽，器件的性能越好，例如，光子禁带越宽，则光子晶体波导的工作频带越宽、传输损耗越小，光子晶体谐振腔和激光器的品质因子越高，光子晶体对自发辐射的约束效果越好，光子晶体反射镜的反射率越高等。具有完全禁带和绝对禁带的光子晶体因对不同传播方向上的光都存在光子带隙，因此具有完全禁带和绝对禁带的光子晶体受到了广泛关注。
传统上，要获得大的相对禁带，需要采用三角晶格、六角晶格等非正方晶格结构，但是在光子晶体集成光路中，采用正方晶格结构可以使光路简洁，并易于提供光路的集成度，而传统的正方晶格光子晶体的绝对禁带宽度很小，因此具有大的绝对禁带的正方晶格光子晶体成是人们一直追求的目标。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种易于光路集成,大绝对禁带宽度相对值的新型正方晶格光子晶体结构。
为实现以上目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的。
本发明的基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体结构包括高折射率介质柱和低折射率背景介质柱，所述的高折射率介质柱由位于十字方向放置的平板介质柱十字连杆连接圆介质柱组成；所述的光子晶体结构由所述元胞按正方晶格排列构成；所述正方晶格的晶格常数为a；所述平板介质柱的宽度D为0.0558a，圆柱的半径R为0.31392a，对应最大绝对禁带的相对值为17.26755％。
所述高折射率介质为硅、砷化镓、二氧化钛或折射率大于2的高折射率介质；
所述高折射率介质为硅，其折射率为3.4。
所述低折射率背景介质为空气、氟化镁、二氧化硅或低折射率介质。
所述低折射率介质为空气。
所述元胞的左平板连接杆的最左端到右平板连接杆的最右端的 距离为a。
所述元胞的下平板连接杆的最底端到上平板连接杆的最顶端的距离为a。
所述圆柱的半径为0.306a≤R≤0.324a，高折射率材料为硅，低折射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于16.6％。
所述平板介质柱的宽度为0.055a≤D≤0.059a，所述圆柱的半径为0.3078a≤R≤0.3231a，高折射率材料为硅，低折射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于16.8％。
所述平板介质柱的宽度为0.055a≤D≤0.059a，所述圆柱的半径为0.3096a≤R≤0.3186a，高折射率材料为硅，低折射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于17％。
本发明的光子晶体结构可广泛应用于大规模集成光路设计中。它与现有技术相比，有如下积极效果。
1.本发明的光子晶体结构具有非常大的绝对禁带，为光子晶体的应用提供了更大的空间，同时也为光子晶体器件的设计和制造带来更大的方便和灵活性。
2.本发明的光子晶体属于正方晶格，光路简洁，便于设计，易于大规模光路集成；
3.本发明的光子晶体属于正方晶格，光路中不同光学元件之间以及不同光路之间易于实现连接和耦合，有利于降低成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格二维光子晶体结构示意图。
图2为本发明平板介质柱的宽度对于绝对禁带相对值的影响图。
图3为本发明的光子晶体结构对应于最大的绝对禁带宽度相对值的能带图。
图4为图1所示的光子晶体最大绝对禁带相对值的参数结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的阐述。
本发明的光子晶体结构包括高折射率介质柱和低折射率背景介质柱，整个光子晶体结构由元胞按正方晶格排列而成。所述的高折射率介质柱分为两个部分：圆介质柱和连接圆介质柱的位于十字方向放置的平板介质柱十字连杆；图1所示为光子晶体的一个元胞，图中虚线表示元胞的边界，该元胞按正方晶格排列构成所述的光子晶体；所述正方晶格的晶格常数为a；所述平板介质柱的宽度D为0.0558a，圆柱的半径R为0.31392a，对应最大绝对禁带的相对值为17.26755％；所述平板介质柱的宽度为0.055a≤D≤0.059a，所述圆柱的半径为0.306a≤R≤0.324a，高折射率材料为硅，低折射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于16.6％；所述平板介质柱的宽度为0.055a≤D≤0.059a，所述圆柱的半径为0.3078a≤R≤0.3231a，高折射率材料为硅，低折射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于16.8％；所述平板介质柱的宽度为0.055a≤D≤0.059a，所述圆柱的半径为0.3096a≤R≤0.3186a，高折射率材料为硅，低折 射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于17％；所述元胞的左平板连接杆的最左端到右平板连接杆的最右端的距离为a；所述元胞的下平板连接杆的最底端到上平板连接杆的最顶端的距离为a；所述的高折射率介质采用硅(Si)、砷化镓、二氧化钛等折射率大于2的高折射率介质；
背景介质为低折射率介质，所述的低折射率背景介质采用真空、空气、氟化镁、二氧化硅等。
通常将绝对禁带宽度与禁带中心频率的比值作为禁带宽度的考察指标，称之为绝对禁带宽度相对值。
利用平面波展开法进行大量的精细研究得到，最大的绝对禁带相对值和其对应的参数。
通过最速下降法对所述光子晶体结构进行优化搜索研究，能获得最大绝对禁带相对值，具体方法如下：
(1)确定两个参数的初扫描范围为：平板介质柱的宽度D＝(0.01a～0.2a)，圆柱的半径R＝(0.1a～0.5a)。
(2)基于平面波展开法做粗扫描，得到比较好的参数D为0.056a。
(3)高折射率材料采用硅，低折射率介质为空气，固定D为0.056a，基于平面波展开法对R进行扫描，得到图2所示的结果。图2中，R的值在0.306～0.324的范围内都有比较大的完全禁带，且在R等于0.31392a处有最大绝对禁带相对值，为gapratio1＝17.26668％。
(4)高折射率材料采用硅，低折射率介质为空气，固定R为0.31392a，基于平面波展开法对D进行扫描，得到最佳绝对禁带相对值gapratio2＝17.26755％，对应的D值为0.0558a。
(5)判断|(gapratio2-gapratio1)/(gapratio2+gapratio1)|是否小于1％，若否，则以前述各步的结果，对各参数进行新一轮扫描，直到|(gapratio2-gapratio1)/(gapratio2+gapratio1)|<1％才结束搜索，最终获得最优化的绝对禁带相对值及其所对应的结构参数。
最终得到的优化结果为：高折射率材料采用硅，低折射率介质为空气，D＝0.0558a，R＝0.31392a时，最大绝对禁带的相对值＝17.26755％。其能带图如图3所示，最终结构参数下的光子晶体结构如图4所示，图中虚线表示元胞的边界。
根据以上结果给出如下6个实施例：
实施例1.高折射率介质采用硅，低折射率介质为空气，a＝0.325,平板介质柱宽度D＝0.0558a＝0.018135微米，圆柱半径R＝0.31392a＝0.102024微米，所得到光子晶体的绝对禁带范围为(0.818722～0.688574)，绝对禁带的相对值对应为17.26755％。
实施例2.高折射率介质采用硅，低折射率介质为空气，a＝0.45,平板介质柱宽度D＝0.0558a＝0.02511微米，圆柱半径R＝0.31392a＝0.141264微米，所得到光子晶体的绝对禁带范围为(1.133615～0.95341)，绝对禁带的相对值对应为17.26755％。
实施例3.高折射率介质采用为硅，低折射率介质为空气，a＝0.65,平板介质柱宽度D＝0.0558a＝0.03627微米，圆柱半径R＝0.31392a ＝0.204048微米，所得到光子晶体的绝对禁带范围为(1.637445～1.377148)，绝对禁带的相对值对应为17.26755％。
实施例4.高折射率介质采用硅，低折射率介质为空气，a＝0.35,平板介质柱宽度D＝0.56a＝0.0196微米，圆柱半径R＝0.32364a＝0.113274微米，所得到光子晶体的绝对禁带范围为(0.893975～0.756888)，绝对禁带的相对值对应为16.60611％。
实施例5.取高折射率介质为硅，低折射率介质为空气，a＝0.475,平板介质柱宽度D＝0.0562a＝0.026695微米，圆柱半径R＝0.3204a＝0.15219微米，所得光子晶体的绝对禁带范围为(1.2073～1.020189)，绝对禁带的相对值对应为16.80116％.
实施例6.高折射率介质采用为硅，低折射率介质为空气，a＝0.5,平板介质柱宽度D＝0.059a＝0.0295微米，圆柱半径R＝0.3125a＝0.15625微米，所得到光子晶体的绝对禁带范围为(1.257292～1.060265)，绝对禁带的相对值对应为17.0011％。
以上所述本发明在具体实施方式及应用范围均有改进之处，不应当理解为对本发明限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述的光子晶体结构包括高折射率介质柱和低折射率背景介质柱，所述的高折射率介质柱由位于十字方向放置的平板介质柱十字连杆连接圆介质柱组成；所述的光子晶体结构由所述元胞按正方晶格排列构成；所述正方晶格的晶格常数为a；所述平板介质柱的宽度D为0.0558a，圆柱的半径R为0.31392a，对应最大绝对禁带的相对值为17.26755％。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述高折射率介质为硅、砷化镓、二氧化钛或折射率大于2的高折射率介质；
  3. 按照权利要求2所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述高折射率介质为硅，其折射率为3.4。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆环柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述低折射率背景介质为空气、氟化镁、二氧化硅或低折射率介质。
  5. 按照权利要求4所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述低折射率介质为空气。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述元胞的左平板连接杆的最左端到右平板连接杆的最右端的距离为a。
  7. 按照权利要求1所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆环柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述元胞的下平板连接杆的最底端到上平板连接杆的最顶端的距离为a。
  8. 按照权利要求1所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆环柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述平板介质柱的宽度为0.055a≤D≤0.059a，所述圆柱的半径为0.306a≤R≤0.324a，高折射率材料为硅，低折射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于16.6％。
  9. 按照权利要求1所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆环柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述平板介质柱的宽度为0.055a≤D≤0.059a，所述圆柱的半径为0.3078a≤R≤0.3231a，高折射率材料为硅，低折射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于16.8％。
  10. 按照权利要求1所述的基于十字连杆柱和圆环柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体，其特征在于，所述平板介质柱的宽度为0.055a≤D≤0.059a，所述圆柱的半径为0.3096a≤R≤0.3186a，高折射率材料为硅，低折射率介质为空气，所述光子晶体结构的绝对禁带相对值大于17％。
PCT/CN2015/085346 2014-07-28 2015-07-28 基于十字连杆柱和圆柱的大绝对禁带正方晶格光子晶体 Ceased WO2016015630A1 (zh)

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