WO2016015475A1

WO2016015475A1 - Passive cooling system for concrete containment vessel

Info

Publication number: WO2016015475A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/074671
Authority: WO
Inventors: 卢冬华; 牛文华; 范冠华; 李瑜; 文青龙; 傅先刚; 曹建华; 卢向晖; 沈永刚
Original assignee: 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司; 中国广核集团有限公司
Priority date: 2014-07-30
Filing date: 2015-03-20
Publication date: 2016-02-04
Also published as: GB2531489A; GB2531489B; CN104167231A; GB201603314D0

Abstract

Disclosed is a passive cooling system for a concrete containment vessel, comprising a water tank (120) and at least one return heat transfer system (130), the return heat transfer system (130) comprising a heat exchanger (131), a riser (132), a down-take pipe (134) and a condenser (133). The water tank (120) is provided at the top of a containment vessel (110) and the inside thereof is divided into a water-cooling descending channel (127), an air-cooling descending channel (129) and a rising channel (128) mutually communicating, the air-cooling descending channel (129) and the rising channel (128) respectively communicate with an atmospheric space, the return heat transfer system (130) passes through the containment vessel (110) in a sealed manner and is partially provided in the rising channel (128), and another part of the return heat transfer system (130) is located in the containment vessel (110). Using the return heat transfer system (130) means that the heat transfer temperature difference is small, adjustments can be automatic according to the temperature of the working medium and amount of heat in the containment vessel (110), and in the case of an incident, the temperature in the containment vessel (110) is more easily kept cool to below design limits. The system has a high degree of passive safety, has a simple structure, and is easy to maintain, takes into account the two operating conditions of water cooling and air cooling, and meets the requirements of both initial removal of most residual heat in the event of an incident and taking into account long-term cooling of the containment vessel.

Description

Concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of nuclear power plant reactor safety equipment, in particular to a non-kinetic energy cooling system suitable for concrete containment.

Background technique

A nuclear reactor is a device that is equipped with nuclear fuel to achieve a large-scale controllable fission chain reaction, which is an important safety facility for the reactor and the last barrier to prevent the release of radioactive products into the atmosphere. In recent years, as the safety requirements for nuclear power continue to increase, the requirements for containment have also increased.

In the existing pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, the safety shell is widely used in concrete structures. Since the concrete itself has poor thermal conductivity and thick wall thickness, it is impossible to rely on the concrete containment itself to quickly and efficiently discharge the heat inside the shell to the atmosphere after an accident. To this end, some nuclear power plants have set up active safety facilities to achieve the waste heat removal of the core, but these technologies can not fully respond to the warming and boosting caused by the release of the containment energy in the accident, and the operation of the active system relies on external power. The occurrence of full-scale power outages can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, in the third-generation reactors, the concept and method of passive cooling of containment are proposed.

For example, in order to effectively derive the heat in the AP1000 reactor containment, the Westinghouse Company has installed a steel containment in the concrete containment, a water tank and a water distribution system on the top of the steel containment, and a containment. In the air duct, after the reactor accident occurs, the water in the water tank is turned down by the valve of the water distribution system to be sprayed to the top of the steel containment, and the heat in the containment is taken away by liquid film evaporation or convection.

For another example, the waste heat removal mode of the passive concrete containment designed in China, by installing a heat exchanger in the containment, is provided with a water tank and a steam separator outside the containment; when the reactor accident occurs, the temperature and pressure inside the containment rise. High, the water of the heat exchanger is boiled by heat exchange, the steam-water mixture flows through the steam-water separator, the water flows back to the water tank, and the steam is released to the atmosphere.

However, in the above-mentioned first way of using the steel containment itself as part of the cooling system, The steel containment is a large-diameter pressure vessel with high manufacturing technology requirements, cannot be prefabricated by the factory, and may cause corrosion and other problems in long-term use. In the above second passive direct evaporative cooling system, the cooling system is complicated due to the steam-water separation device; and when the temperature is lower than 100 ° C, since the evaporation flow of water cannot be realized, the startup of the cooling system is relatively slow, so In the early stage of the accident, the cooling capacity of the system is limited; when the cooling water in the system evaporates, the system cannot effectively derive the heat inside the containment.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a non-kinetic energy cooling system which is simple in structure and can effectively cool the containment in the early stage of the accident and in the later stage of the accident to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a non-kinetic energy cooling system which is simple in structure and can effectively cool the concrete containment in the early stage of the accident and in the later stage of the accident.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system, which is suitable for deriving heat in a containment, which comprises a water tank and at least one set of loop heat transfer system, the water tank setting a water-cooling descending channel, an air-cooling descending channel, and an ascending channel, which are separated from each other by the top of the containment, and the air-cooling descending channel and the rising channel respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, and the loop transmits A thermal system is sealingly inserted through the containment and a portion is received within the riser channel, and another portion of the loop heat transfer system is located within the containment.

Preferably, the loop heat transfer system includes a condenser, and the condenser is housed in the ascending passage.

Preferably, the loop heat transfer system further includes a heat exchanger, a riser tube and a down tube, the heat exchanger being disposed in the safety shell, the riser tube sealingly passing through the safety shell and both ends An upper end of the heat exchanger and an upper end of the condenser are respectively connected, and the down pipe is sealingly passed through the safety shell and the two ends are respectively connected to a lower end of the heat exchanger and a lower end of the condenser.

Preferably, the water tank has a bottom wall and an inner wall and an outer wall which are connected to and spaced apart from the bottom wall, and the inner wall, the outer wall and the bottom wall together form a receiving space, and the top of the safety shell is high. The pressure of the water tank is the atmospheric environment pressure, and the relevant voltage stabilization system is not needed, so that the system structure is simple.

Preferably, a first partition and a second partition are vertically disposed in the receiving space of the water tank, and the lower end of the first partition and the second partition and the bottom wall There is a gap between them, Forming the ascending passage between the first partition and the second partition, the water-cooling descending passage is formed between the first partition and the inner wall, and between the second partition and the outer wall The air cooling descending channel is formed.

Preferably, the water tank further has a top plate, the inner wall and the upper end of the first partition plate are connected to the top plate, and an upper end of the second partition plate and the top plate are provided with an opening. The rising channel communicates with the atmospheric space through the opening, and the high temperature water vapor and air mixture generated in the containment rises to the top of the containment and contacts the heat exchanger, thereby causing condensation and convective heat transfer with the outer surface of the heat exchange tube. The water vapor is condensed into water and returned to the bottom of the containment, and the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger. The water in the heat exchanger is evaporated by heat and enters the condenser along the ascending pipeline, causing condensation heat transfer and condensed water. Returning to the heat exchanger along the downcomer to form a natural circulation; the heat from the condenser heats the cooling water in the water tank. After a certain period of time, the cooling water in the water tank boils and the steam is released to the atmosphere due to the vaporization of the cooling water. The latent heat is large, so it can be well prevented from overheating and overpressure of the containment due to large-scale release of mass energy at the beginning of the accident.

Preferably, there is a gap between the outer wall and the top plate, and the air cooling descending channel communicates with the gap between the outer wall and the top plate to communicate with the atmospheric space; when the water in the overhead water tank is evaporated, the condenser Exposed to the air, the air in the ascending channel is heated and rises along the ascending channel. The air in the atmospheric environment enters the ascending channel through the air-cooling descending channel, forming an organized convection of the air, and finally relies on air cooling to secure the containment. The residual heat is discharged to the atmosphere, and the containment can be cooled for a long time by means of air cooling even if the pool is evaporated.

Preferably, the water tank has a circular ring structure.

Preferably, the water tank is divided into a plurality of mutually independent pools, and each of the pools is provided with the water cooling descending passage, the air cooling descending passage and the rising passage, and each of the pools corresponds to A loop heat transfer system is provided. Multiple sets of independent pool and loop heat transfer systems are set up, and the work of each group of loop heat transfer systems can be independent of each other. Even if part of the failure occurs, other parts can still work effectively and achieve high system reliability.

Preferably, the loop heat transfer system is a heat pump system.

Preferably, the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system further includes a condensate recovery system disposed within the containment and communicating with a reactor pit within the containment.

Preferably, the condensed water recovery system includes a first condensate collector disposed on an inner wall surface of the containment, the first condensate collector being higher than a reactor pit in the containment and connected The reactor pit. When an accident occurs, the high-energy steam released from the first circuit of the reactor and the high-energy steam generated by the cooling water in the reactor pit are released into the containment. Some of the steam is condensed on the inner wall of the containment and then collected by the first condensed water. The device collects and then returns to the reactor pit. Through the collection and recirculation measures of the first condensate collector, the passive reactor reactor is filled with water for a long period of time, and the safety shell can be realized without external AC power and water source. The natural circulation inside.

Preferably, the first condensate collector is connected to the reactor pit through a first valve.

Preferably, the first condensate collector has a channel structure and a side wall thereof abuts against an inner wall surface of the containment.

Preferably, the condensed water recovery system further includes a second condensate collector disposed in the containment, the second condensate collector being located below the loop heat transfer system and above the safety A reactor pit within the shell, and the second condensate collector is in communication with the reactor pit. When an accident occurs, the high-energy steam released from the first loop of the reactor and the high-energy steam generated by the cooling water in the reactor pit are released into the containment. Most of the steam is condensed on the wall of the heat exchanger by the second condensed water. The collector collects and then flows back to the reactor pit, and the collection and reflux measures of the first and second condensate collectors are matched to realize the injection of the passive reactor cavity in a long period of time without using an external AC power source and The natural circulation within the containment is achieved by the water source.

Preferably, the second condensate collector is connected to the reactor pit through a second valve.

Preferably, the second condensate collector has a V-shaped structure.

Compared with the prior art, the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of the present invention comprises a water tank disposed at the top of the containment vessel and at least one set of loop heat transfer system, and the water tank is partitioned into mutually connected water-cooling descending passages, An air cooling descending channel and an ascending channel, wherein the air cooling descending channel and the rising channel respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, the loop heat transfer system sealingly penetrating through the safety shell and a part of being accommodated in the rising channel, the loop heat transfer system Another part is located within the containment. When it is put into use, the cooling water is filled in the water tank. Due to evaporation and condensation, an upward steam flow and a condensed water return flow are formed in the loop heat transfer system, and only water is used as the working medium in the circulation passage, and is in the steam, Liquid two-phase state; using a loop heat transfer system as a heat transfer passage through the concrete containment, heat transfer The temperature difference is small, and can be automatically adjusted according to the working temperature and heat in the containment. It is easier to continuously cool the temperature inside the containment to below the design limit in the event of an accident, and the setting of the water tank can realize a large amount of residual heat in the safety shell at the beginning of the accident. discharge. When the water in the water tank evaporates, the portion of the loop heat transfer system located in the water tank is exposed to the air, the air is heated, and then rises along the ascending passage to form a natural convection of the organized air, thereby eventually forming the containment. The heat is transferred to the atmosphere, so even if the cooling water is evaporated, the containment can be cooled by air for a long time. Moreover, the entire system does not need to perform valve opening and closing operations, etc., and can realize highly passive safety, and does not need to set other auxiliary equipment, so the structure is simple, the weight is light, and the maintenance is easy.

DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment of a concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of the present invention.

Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the water cooling mode of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the hollow cooling mode of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a third partition in the water tank of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of the present invention.

detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like elements. The concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 provided by the invention is suitable for deriving the heat generated after the accident in the containment 110, and can not rely on any active equipment after the accident, and only relies on natural circulation, condensation, evaporation, etc. A natural phenomenon that transfers heat to the atmosphere.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, in an embodiment of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 of the present invention, the containment vessel 110 has a hollow cylindrical structure and has a convex top portion having a circular arc structure. 111. A pressure vessel 112, a main pump 113, and a steam generator 114 are further disposed in the containment vessel 110. The pressure vessel 112 and the steam generator 114 are connected by a main pump 113.

The concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 includes a water tank 120 and at least one set of loop heat transfer system 130, wherein the water tank 120 is disposed above the top portion 111 of the containment 110, and The water tank 120 is partitioned into a water-cooling descending passage 127, an ascending passage 128, and an air-cooling descending passage 129 that communicate with each other, and the rising passage 128 and the air-cooling descending passage 129 respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, so that the pressure of the water tank 120 is atmospheric atmospheric pressure. There is no need for a related voltage regulator system to simplify the system structure.

The loop heat transfer system 130 includes a heat exchanger 131, a riser 132, a condenser 133, and a downcomer 134. The condenser 133 is housed in the ascending passage 128 of the water tank 120, and the heat exchanger 131 is disposed. In the containment 110, and the heat exchanger 131 is disposed at a position close to the top portion 111 of the containment 110, the riser tube 132 is sealingly passed through the top portion 111 of the containment vessel 110 and the two ends respectively communicate with the An upper end of the heat exchanger 131, an upper end of the condenser 133, the down tube 134 is sealingly passed through the top portion 111 of the containment 110, and both ends respectively communicate with the lower end of the heat exchanger 131, the condenser At the lower end of 133, the heat exchanger 131, the riser 132, the condenser 133, and the downcomer 134 form a continuous cooling circulation passage.

In use, the water tank 120 is filled with cooling water, and the condenser 133 is completely accommodated in the cooling water. When an accident occurs in the reactor in the containment 110, water vapor and the like released from the reactor breach enter the safety shell. In 110, the temperature and pressure in the containment vessel 110 rise, and the high temperature water vapor and air mixture rises to the upper portion of the containment vessel 110 and contacts the heat exchanger 131, thereby causing condensation with the outer surface of the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger 131. The convective heat transfer, the water vapor is condensed into water and returned to the bottom of the containment vessel 110, and the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger 131. The water in the heat exchanger 131 is evaporated by heat and enters the condenser 133 along the riser 132. Condensation heat transfer occurs, and the heat transferred from the condenser 133 heats the cooling water in the water tank 120. After a certain period of time, the cooling water in the water tank 120 boils, and the generated steam is directly released into the atmosphere due to the latent heat of vaporization of the cooling water. Large, so it can be well prevented from overheating and overpressure in the containment 110 due to large-scale release of mass energy at the beginning of the accident, and the condensed water in the condenser 133 is returned to the heat exchanger 1 along the downcomer 134. 31, thereby forming a natural circulation; the present invention employs the loop heat transfer system 130 as a heat-extracting passage through the containment vessel 110. Since the loop heat transfer system 130 has excellent heat conductivity, the total heat transfer resistance is small, and the temperature difference is small. The condition can be operated, and the smaller the heat exchange temperature difference, the higher the heat exchange efficiency, so that the temperature of the containment 110 can be lowered to near the ambient temperature; in addition, since the loop heat transfer system 130 is highly inactive, the entire system does not need to be a valve. Startup and other actions, as well as the need to set up external power equipment such as power supply, can achieve highly passive action, so that the system is simple in structure and light in weight.

When the water in the water tank 120 is evaporated, the condenser 133 is exposed to the air, so that the surrounding air is heated, the heated air rises along the ascending passage 128, and the normal temperature air in the atmospheric space passes through the air cooling. The descending channel 129 enters the ascending channel 128 to form a natural convection of the organized air, and finally the residual heat in the containment 110 is discharged to the atmospheric environment by means of air cooling, and even if the cooling water in the water tank 120 is evaporated to dry, the air can be cooled. In a manner, the containment vessel 110 is cooled for a long period of time, so that the cooling system 100 of the present invention can cool the containment vessel 110 under severe accident conditions (such as a water loss accident condition).

In addition, since the condenser 133 is disposed in the water tank 120 outside the containment vessel 110 and accommodated in the cooling water, the loop heat transfer system 130 is a closed structure, and when the end of any one of the ends is broken, the other end is still intact. Thus, the containment 110 is not turned on, and the radioactive material in the containment 110 is not released into the external atmosphere.

Continuing to refer to FIGS. 1 to 5, since the containment vessel 110 has a cylindrical structure, the water tank 120 disposed above the top portion 111 thereof is disposed in a circular ring structure, and directly uses the top portion 111 of the containment vessel 110 as the water tank 120. The bottom wall, on the one hand, allows the cooling system 100 of the present invention to be directly used on the existing concrete containment vessel 110, without requiring major modifications to the existing containment vessel 110, and the installation and installation of the containment vessel 110 is convenient; On the one hand, the water tank 120 is directly disposed at the top 111 of the containment vessel 110, which can provide a powerful means for rapid cooling in the early stage of an accident.

It will be appreciated that the bottom wall of the water tank 120 may be the top portion 111 of the containment vessel 110, or may be separately provided separately, as is well known to those skilled in the art.

Specifically, the water tank 120 includes an inner wall 121, an outer wall 122, and a top plate 123. The inner wall 121 and the outer wall 122 are spaced apart from each other, and the upper end of the inner wall 121 is fixedly connected to the top plate 123, and the upper end of the outer wall 122 has a certain gap between the upper end and the top plate 123. The inner wall 121, the outer wall 122, and the top portion 111 together define a receiving space, and the receiving space is partitioned to form a water cooling descending channel 127, an ascending channel 128, and an air cooling descending channel 129, and the rising channel 128 and the air cooling descending channel 129 are both The atmospheric space is connected such that the pressure of the high water tank 120 at the top of the containment vessel 110 is atmospheric atmospheric pressure, and the relevant voltage stabilization system is not required, so that the system structure is simplified.

Continuing to refer to FIGS. 1-5, the water tank 120 further includes a first partition 124 and a second partition 125. The first partition 124 and the second partition 125 are vertically and spaced apart from each other. 120 accommodation space, Specifically, the first partition plate 124 and the second partition plate 125 have a circular structure, and both are disposed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the water tank 120, and the first partition plate 124 and the second partition plate There is a gap between the lower end of the first partition plate 124 and the top plate 123. The upper end of the first partition plate 124 is fixedly connected to the top plate 123. The upper end of the second partition plate 125 and the top plate 123 are formed with an opening 128a. The rising passage 128 is formed between the first partition plate 124 and the inner wall 121, and the air cooling descending passage is formed between the second partition plate 125 and the outer wall 122. 129, that is, in the direction of the inner wall 121 to the outer wall 122, the water cooling descending channel 127, the rising channel 128, and the air cooling descending channel 129 are sequentially formed. Since the top portion 111 of the containment 110 has an outwardly convex arc-shaped structure, the water tank 120 is The bottom wall has an inclined structure, so that the position of the bottom wall of the water tank 120 corresponding to the water cooling descending passage 127, the rising passage 128, and the air cooling descending passage 129 is sequentially decreased; in addition, the rising passage 128 communicates with the atmospheric space through the opening 128a. Air cooling down channel 12 9 is connected to the atmospheric space through the gap between the outer wall 122 and the top plate 123, so that the pressure of the water tank 120 disposed at the top portion 111 of the containment vessel 110 is atmospheric ambient pressure, without the need for an associated voltage stabilization system, which simplifies the system structure.

Thus, a rising passage 128 having a circular ring structure is formed in the water tank 120, and a condenser 133 of the loop heat transfer system 130 is disposed in the passage of the rising passage 128 and housed in the cooling water, so that the loop heat transfer system 130 is closed. When the structure is broken at any one end, the other end is still intact, so that the containment 110 is not turned on, and the radioactive material in the containment 110 is not released to the external atmosphere.

In order to improve the heat dissipation effect of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 of the present invention, a plurality of sets of loop heat transfer systems 130 may be provided. Specifically, the plurality of sets of loop heat transfer systems 130 are disposed along the circumference of the water tank 120, each of which is disposed at intervals The condensers 133 of the group loop heat transfer system 130 are each disposed in the ascending passage 128 and are housed in the cooling water.

At the same time, in order to improve the reliability of the system, the water tank 120 can also be divided into a plurality of mutually independent pools 120' (shown in FIG. 5), and each pool 120' is correspondingly installed with a group of loop heat transfer systems 130, and multiple groups are set. The independent pool 120', the loop heat transfer system 130, and the operation of each group of loop heat transfer systems 130 are independent of each other. Even if part of the loop heat transfer system 130 fails, other parts can still work effectively, achieving high system reliability.

2 to 5, the water tank 120 further includes a third partition 126, the third partition 126 is radially disposed, and the third partition 126 is connected between the inner wall 121 and the outer wall 122 so as to be Water tank 120 is divided into a plurality of independent pools 120', each of which is provided with a first partition 124 and a second partition 125, wherein two sides of the first partition 124 are respectively connected to two adjacent The third partition 126 has an upper end connected to the top plate 123, and two sides of the second partition 125 are respectively connected to two adjacent third partitions 126, and the upper end of the second partition 125 and the top plate 123 are An opening 128a is formed between the upper end of the second partition plate 125 and the top plate 123, and the through hole is formed directly at the upper end of the second partition plate 125. And not limited to this. In this embodiment, since the outer wall 122 is lower than the inner wall 121, the gap between the outer wall 122 and the top plate 123 is a passage for the air cooling descending passage 129 to communicate with the air space. Of course, a through hole may be formed in the outer wall 122. The air cooling down channel 129 is connected to the atmospheric space, but is not limited thereto. Thus, when a portion of the loop heat transfer system 130 fails, the other loop heat transfer systems 130 still function normally, thereby increasing the reliability of the system.

Preferably, the loop heat transfer system 130 of the present invention is a heat pump system. Of course, it is not limited thereto, and may be other heat transfer systems, which are well known to those skilled in the art.

Referring to FIG. 6, the second embodiment of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100' of the present invention differs from the above embodiment only in that it further includes a condensed water recovery system 140, and other structures are the same as those of the above embodiment, and only The differences between the two are described, and the same parts will not be described again.

In this embodiment, the condensed water recovery system 140 is disposed in the containment vessel 110 and communicates with the reactor pit 115 in the containment vessel 110. Specifically, it includes a first condensed water collector 141 and a second condensed water collector 143, the first condensed water collector 141 is provided on the inner wall surface of the containment 110, and the position of the first condensed water collector 141 Above the reactor stack 115, the first condensate collector 141 communicates with the reactor stack 115 through a first valve 142. The second condensate collector 143 is disposed in the containment 110 and located below the heat exchanger 131. The second condensate collector 143 is higher than and in communication with the reactor stack 115, that is, the second condensate collector 143 is at a height The direction is located between the heat exchanger 131 and the reactor pit 115, and the second condensate collector 143 is connected to the reactor pit 115 through the second valve 144.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 6, the first condensate collector 141 is disposed along the inner wall surface of the containment vessel 110, and preferably has a channel-shaped structure with a side wall abutting against the inner wall surface of the containment vessel 110, the first condensation The bottom wall of the water collector 141 is connected to the reactor pit 115 through a pipe, and the pipe is provided with a first valve 142. The side wall of the first condensate collector 141 is in close contact with the inner wall surface of the containment 110, making it more convenient The condensed water formed by condensation on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel 110 is effectively collected.

The second condensate collector 143 has a V-shaped structure, and the bottom of the second condensate collector 143 communicates with the reactor pit 115 through the second valve 144; that is, the second condensate collector 143 has two side walls. The two side walls are inclined, the bottom joints of the two side walls are connected to the reactor pit 115 through a pipeline, and the second valve 144 is disposed on the pipeline, and the V-shaped structure enables the collected condensed water to be quickly injected. Reactor pit 115.

When an accident occurs, high-energy steam released from the first circuit of the reactor and high-energy steam generated by the cooling water in the reactor pit 115 are released into the containment vessel 110, and some of the steam is condensed on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel 110. A condensed water collector 141 collects and then returns to the reactor pit 115. Most of the steam is collected by the second condensed water collector 143 after being condensed on the wall surface of the heat exchanger 131, and then flows back to the reactor pit 115, through the first The collection and recirculation measures of the condensed water collector 141 and the second condensed water collector 143 are matched to realize the injection of the passive reactor pit 115 in a long period of time, and the safety shell 110 can be realized without using an external AC power source and a water source. The natural circulation inside.

The operation of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 - 6.

When an accident occurs in the reactor, substances such as water vapor released from the break enter the containment vessel 110, causing the temperature and pressure in the containment vessel 110 to rise, and the high-temperature water vapor and air mixture rises to the upper portion of the containment vessel 110 and is in contact therewith. The heat exchanger 131 in the containment vessel 110, at this time, condenses convective heat transfer with the outer surface of the heat exchanger 131, the water vapor is condensed into water, and returns to the bottom of the containment 110, and the heat is transferred to The heat exchanger 131 of the loop heat transfer system 130, the water in the heat exchanger 131 is evaporated by heat, and enters the condenser 133 in the water tank 120 along the riser pipe 132, and then condensation heat transfer occurs, and the condensed water flows along the down pipe. 134 returns to the heat exchanger 131 in the containment vessel 110 to form a natural circulation; the heat transferred by the condenser 133 heats the cooling water in the water tank 120/sink 120', and after a certain period of time, the cooling in the water tank 120/sink 120' The water boils, the steam rises along the ascending channel 128 and is released to the atmosphere by the opening 128a, while the cooling water in the tank 120/sink 120' flows through the water-cooling down channel 127 to the ascending channel 128, as indicated by the direction of the arrow in Figure 3; However, the latent heat of vaporization of water is large, so the cooling water in the water tank 120/sink 120' is used to discharge heat into the atmosphere in the early stage of the accident, which can well prevent the containment 110 caused by large-scale release of mass energy at the initial stage of the accident. Over temperature and overpressure.

After the cooling water in the water tank 120/sink 120' is evaporated, the condenser 133 is exposed to the air, the surrounding air is heated, and the heated air rises along the ascending passage 128 and is released from the opening 128a to the atmosphere. At the same time, the normal temperature air enters the air cooling descending passage 129 through the gap between the outer wall 122 and the top plate 123, and flows toward the rising passage 128 to form a natural convection of the organized air, as indicated by the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4; The residual heat in the containment vessel 110 is discharged to the atmosphere to realize the discharge of a large amount of residual heat in the containment 110 at the initial stage of the accident, and the containment 110 can be cooled by air cooling under the condition that the cooling water in the water tank 120/sink 120' is evaporated. Long-term cooling can cope with the cooling problem of the containment 110 under severe accident conditions such as water loss accident conditions.

In addition, high-energy steam generated in the containment 110 at the time of the accident, a part of the steam is condensed on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel 110, collected by the first condensed water collector 141, and then returned to the reactor pit 115, and most of the steam is in the heat exchanger. The wall surface of 131 is condensed and collected by the second condensed water collector 143, and then flows back to the reactor pit 115, and the collection and recirculation measures of the first condensed water collector 141 and the second condensed water collector 143 are matched to achieve a longer length. During the time period, the passive reactor pit 115 is filled with water, and the natural circulation inside the containment 110 can be realized without using an external AC power source and a water source, as shown in FIG. 6.

Due to the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 of the present invention, it includes a water tank 120 disposed at the top of the containment vessel 110 and at least one set of loop heat transfer system 130, and the water tank 120 is partitioned into mutually connected water-cooled descending passages 127, air-cooled The descending channel 129 and the rising channel 128, and the air cooling descending channel 129 and the rising channel 128 respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, the loop heat transfer system 130 sealingly penetrates the containment 110 and a portion is received in the rising channel 128, and the loop heat transfer Another portion of system 130 is located within containment 110. When it is put into use, the cooling water is filled in the water tank 120. Due to evaporation and condensation, an upward steam flow and a condensed water return flow are formed in the circuit heat transfer system 130, and only water is used as a working medium in the circulation passage, and is at The two-phase state of steam and liquid; the heat transfer system 130 is used as the heat-extracting passage through the concrete containment 110, the heat transfer temperature difference is small, and the temperature can be automatically adjusted according to the working temperature and heat in the containment 110, and it is easier to be safe in an accident. The temperature inside the casing 110 is continuously cooled below the design limit, and the arrangement of the water tank 120 enables rapid discharge of a large amount of residual heat in the containment 110 at the initial stage of the accident. When the water in the water tank 120 is evaporated, the portion of the loop heat transfer system 130 located in the water tank is exposed to the air, the air is heated, and then rises along the ascending passage 128 to form a natural convection of the organized air, which will eventually The heat inside the containment vessel 110 is led to the atmosphere, so even the cooling water is steamed. Under dry conditions, the containment vessel 110 can still be cooled for a long period of time by air cooling. Moreover, the whole system does not need to perform valve opening and closing operations, etc., and can realize highly passive safety, and does not need to set other auxiliary equipment, so the structure is simple, the weight is light, and the maintenance is easy.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the equivalent changes made by the scope of the present invention remain within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system suitable for deriving heat in a containment vessel, comprising: a water tank and at least one set of loop heat transfer system, the water tank being disposed at a top of the containment vessel, and a water-cooling descending passage, an air-cooling descending passage, and an ascending passage, which are separated from each other, and the air-cooling descending passage and the ascending passage respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, and the loop heat transfer system is sealingly penetrates the safety shell and A portion is housed within the riser channel and another portion of the loop heat transfer system is located within the containment.
The concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of claim 1 wherein said loop heat transfer system includes a condenser, said condenser being received within said riser passage.
The concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 2, wherein the circuit heat transfer system further comprises a heat exchanger, a riser pipe and a down pipe, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed in the safety shell. The riser tube is sealingly passed through the safety shell and the two ends communicate with the upper end of the heat exchanger and the upper end of the condenser, respectively, and the down pipe is sealingly passed through the safety shell and the two ends are respectively connected The lower end of the heat exchanger and the lower end of the condenser.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 1, wherein said water tank has a bottom wall and an inner wall and an outer wall connected to and spaced apart from said bottom wall, said inner wall, said outer wall, said The bottom wall is collectively enclosed into a receiving space.
The concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 4, wherein: the first partition and the second partition which are spaced apart are vertically disposed in the receiving space of the water tank, and the first partition a gap is formed between the lower end of the plate and the second partition and the bottom wall, and the rising passage is formed between the first partition and the second partition, the first partition and the The water cooling descending passage is formed between the inner walls, and the air cooling descending passage is formed between the second partition and the outer wall.
The concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 5, wherein the water tank further has a top plate, and the inner wall and the upper end of the first partition are connected to the top plate, An opening is disposed between the upper end of the two partitions and the top plate, and the rising passage communicates with the atmospheric space through the opening.
The concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 6, wherein a gap is formed between the outer wall and the top plate, and the air cooling descending passage communicates with the gap between the outer wall and the top plate to connect the atmosphere. space.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 4, wherein said water tank has a circular ring structure.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 1, wherein said water tank is partitioned into a plurality of mutually independent pools, each of said pools being provided with said water cooling descending passage, said air cooling And a rising channel and the rising channel, and each of the pools is provided with a loop heat transfer system.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 1 wherein said circuit heat transfer system is a heat pump system.
The concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of claim 1 further comprising a condensate recovery system disposed within said containment and communicating with a reactor pit within the containment.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 11, wherein said condensed water recovery system comprises a first condensate collector disposed on an inner wall surface of said containment, said first condensed water The collector is higher than the reactor pit within the containment and communicates with the reactor pit.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 12, wherein said first condensate collector is connected to said reactor hopper through a first valve.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 12, wherein said first condensate collector has a trough-like structure and a side wall thereof abuts against an inner wall surface of said containment.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 11 wherein: The condensate recovery system further includes a second condensate collector disposed within the containment, the second condensate collector being located below the loop heat transfer system and above the reactor pit within the containment And the second condensate collector is in communication with the reactor pit.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 15 wherein said second condensate collector is in communication with said reactor plenum via a second valve.
A concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system according to claim 15, wherein said second condensate collector has a V-shaped configuration.