WO2016015475A1 - Système de refroidissement passif pour une enveloppe de confinement en béton - Google Patents

Système de refroidissement passif pour une enveloppe de confinement en béton Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016015475A1
WO2016015475A1 PCT/CN2015/074671 CN2015074671W WO2016015475A1 WO 2016015475 A1 WO2016015475 A1 WO 2016015475A1 CN 2015074671 W CN2015074671 W CN 2015074671W WO 2016015475 A1 WO2016015475 A1 WO 2016015475A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
containment
heat transfer
kinetic energy
water
cooling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/074671
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
卢冬华
牛文华
范冠华
李瑜
文青龙
傅先刚
曹建华
卢向晖
沈永刚
Original Assignee
中科华核电技术研究院有限公司
中国广核集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司, 中国广核集团有限公司 filed Critical 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司
Priority to GB1603314.4A priority Critical patent/GB2531489B/en
Publication of WO2016015475A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015475A1/fr

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
    • G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
    • G21C9/004—Pressure suppression
    • G21C9/012—Pressure suppression by thermal accumulation or by steam condensation, e.g. ice condensers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
    • G21C13/08—Vessels characterised by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels
    • G21C13/093—Concrete vessels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of nuclear power plant reactor safety equipment, in particular to a non-kinetic energy cooling system suitable for concrete containment.
  • a nuclear reactor is a device that is equipped with nuclear fuel to achieve a large-scale controllable fission chain reaction, which is an important safety facility for the reactor and the last barrier to prevent the release of radioactive products into the atmosphere.
  • the safety requirements for nuclear power continue to increase, the requirements for containment have also increased.
  • the safety shell is widely used in concrete structures. Since the concrete itself has poor thermal conductivity and thick wall thickness, it is impossible to rely on the concrete containment itself to quickly and efficiently discharge the heat inside the shell to the atmosphere after an accident. To this end, some nuclear power plants have set up active safety facilities to achieve the waste heat removal of the core, but these technologies can not fully respond to the warming and boosting caused by the release of the containment energy in the accident, and the operation of the active system relies on external power. The occurrence of full-scale power outages can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, in the third-generation reactors, the concept and method of passive cooling of containment are proposed.
  • the Westinghouse Company has installed a steel containment in the concrete containment, a water tank and a water distribution system on the top of the steel containment, and a containment.
  • the water in the water tank is turned down by the valve of the water distribution system to be sprayed to the top of the steel containment, and the heat in the containment is taken away by liquid film evaporation or convection.
  • the waste heat removal mode of the passive concrete containment designed in China by installing a heat exchanger in the containment, is provided with a water tank and a steam separator outside the containment; when the reactor accident occurs, the temperature and pressure inside the containment rise. High, the water of the heat exchanger is boiled by heat exchange, the steam-water mixture flows through the steam-water separator, the water flows back to the water tank, and the steam is released to the atmosphere.
  • the steel containment is a large-diameter pressure vessel with high manufacturing technology requirements, cannot be prefabricated by the factory, and may cause corrosion and other problems in long-term use.
  • the cooling system is complicated due to the steam-water separation device; and when the temperature is lower than 100 ° C, since the evaporation flow of water cannot be realized, the startup of the cooling system is relatively slow, so In the early stage of the accident, the cooling capacity of the system is limited; when the cooling water in the system evaporates, the system cannot effectively derive the heat inside the containment.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a non-kinetic energy cooling system which is simple in structure and can effectively cool the concrete containment in the early stage of the accident and in the later stage of the accident.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system, which is suitable for deriving heat in a containment, which comprises a water tank and at least one set of loop heat transfer system, the water tank setting a water-cooling descending channel, an air-cooling descending channel, and an ascending channel, which are separated from each other by the top of the containment, and the air-cooling descending channel and the rising channel respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, and the loop transmits
  • a thermal system is sealingly inserted through the containment and a portion is received within the riser channel, and another portion of the loop heat transfer system is located within the containment.
  • the loop heat transfer system includes a condenser, and the condenser is housed in the ascending passage.
  • the loop heat transfer system further includes a heat exchanger, a riser tube and a down tube, the heat exchanger being disposed in the safety shell, the riser tube sealingly passing through the safety shell and both ends An upper end of the heat exchanger and an upper end of the condenser are respectively connected, and the down pipe is sealingly passed through the safety shell and the two ends are respectively connected to a lower end of the heat exchanger and a lower end of the condenser.
  • the water tank has a bottom wall and an inner wall and an outer wall which are connected to and spaced apart from the bottom wall, and the inner wall, the outer wall and the bottom wall together form a receiving space, and the top of the safety shell is high.
  • the pressure of the water tank is the atmospheric environment pressure, and the relevant voltage stabilization system is not needed, so that the system structure is simple.
  • a first partition and a second partition are vertically disposed in the receiving space of the water tank, and the lower end of the first partition and the second partition and the bottom wall There is a gap between them, Forming the ascending passage between the first partition and the second partition, the water-cooling descending passage is formed between the first partition and the inner wall, and between the second partition and the outer wall The air cooling descending channel is formed.
  • the water tank further has a top plate, the inner wall and the upper end of the first partition plate are connected to the top plate, and an upper end of the second partition plate and the top plate are provided with an opening.
  • the rising channel communicates with the atmospheric space through the opening, and the high temperature water vapor and air mixture generated in the containment rises to the top of the containment and contacts the heat exchanger, thereby causing condensation and convective heat transfer with the outer surface of the heat exchange tube.
  • the water vapor is condensed into water and returned to the bottom of the containment, and the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger.
  • the water in the heat exchanger is evaporated by heat and enters the condenser along the ascending pipeline, causing condensation heat transfer and condensed water.
  • the heat from the condenser heats the cooling water in the water tank. After a certain period of time, the cooling water in the water tank boils and the steam is released to the atmosphere due to the vaporization of the cooling water.
  • the latent heat is large, so it can be well prevented from overheating and overpressure of the containment due to large-scale release of mass energy at the beginning of the accident.
  • the air cooling descending channel communicates with the gap between the outer wall and the top plate to communicate with the atmospheric space; when the water in the overhead water tank is evaporated, the condenser Exposed to the air, the air in the ascending channel is heated and rises along the ascending channel.
  • the air in the atmospheric environment enters the ascending channel through the air-cooling descending channel, forming an organized convection of the air, and finally relies on air cooling to secure the containment.
  • the residual heat is discharged to the atmosphere, and the containment can be cooled for a long time by means of air cooling even if the pool is evaporated.
  • the water tank has a circular ring structure.
  • the water tank is divided into a plurality of mutually independent pools, and each of the pools is provided with the water cooling descending passage, the air cooling descending passage and the rising passage, and each of the pools corresponds to A loop heat transfer system is provided.
  • Multiple sets of independent pool and loop heat transfer systems are set up, and the work of each group of loop heat transfer systems can be independent of each other. Even if part of the failure occurs, other parts can still work effectively and achieve high system reliability.
  • the loop heat transfer system is a heat pump system.
  • the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system further includes a condensate recovery system disposed within the containment and communicating with a reactor pit within the containment.
  • the condensed water recovery system includes a first condensate collector disposed on an inner wall surface of the containment, the first condensate collector being higher than a reactor pit in the containment and connected The reactor pit.
  • the high-energy steam released from the first circuit of the reactor and the high-energy steam generated by the cooling water in the reactor pit are released into the containment.
  • Some of the steam is condensed on the inner wall of the containment and then collected by the first condensed water.
  • the device collects and then returns to the reactor pit.
  • the passive reactor reactor is filled with water for a long period of time, and the safety shell can be realized without external AC power and water source. The natural circulation inside.
  • the first condensate collector is connected to the reactor pit through a first valve.
  • the first condensate collector has a channel structure and a side wall thereof abuts against an inner wall surface of the containment.
  • the condensed water recovery system further includes a second condensate collector disposed in the containment, the second condensate collector being located below the loop heat transfer system and above the safety A reactor pit within the shell, and the second condensate collector is in communication with the reactor pit.
  • the high-energy steam released from the first loop of the reactor and the high-energy steam generated by the cooling water in the reactor pit are released into the containment. Most of the steam is condensed on the wall of the heat exchanger by the second condensed water.
  • the collector collects and then flows back to the reactor pit, and the collection and reflux measures of the first and second condensate collectors are matched to realize the injection of the passive reactor cavity in a long period of time without using an external AC power source and The natural circulation within the containment is achieved by the water source.
  • the second condensate collector is connected to the reactor pit through a second valve.
  • the second condensate collector has a V-shaped structure.
  • the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of the present invention comprises a water tank disposed at the top of the containment vessel and at least one set of loop heat transfer system, and the water tank is partitioned into mutually connected water-cooling descending passages, An air cooling descending channel and an ascending channel, wherein the air cooling descending channel and the rising channel respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, the loop heat transfer system sealingly penetrating through the safety shell and a part of being accommodated in the rising channel, the loop heat transfer system Another part is located within the containment. When it is put into use, the cooling water is filled in the water tank.
  • the portion of the loop heat transfer system located in the water tank is exposed to the air, the air is heated, and then rises along the ascending passage to form a natural convection of the organized air, thereby eventually forming the containment.
  • the heat is transferred to the atmosphere, so even if the cooling water is evaporated, the containment can be cooled by air for a long time.
  • the entire system does not need to perform valve opening and closing operations, etc., and can realize highly passive safety, and does not need to set other auxiliary equipment, so the structure is simple, the weight is light, and the maintenance is easy.
  • Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment of a concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the water cooling mode of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the hollow cooling mode of Figure 2.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a third partition in the water tank of Figure 2.
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system of the present invention.
  • the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 provided by the invention is suitable for deriving the heat generated after the accident in the containment 110, and can not rely on any active equipment after the accident, and only relies on natural circulation, condensation, evaporation, etc. A natural phenomenon that transfers heat to the atmosphere.
  • the containment vessel 110 has a hollow cylindrical structure and has a convex top portion having a circular arc structure. 111.
  • a pressure vessel 112, a main pump 113, and a steam generator 114 are further disposed in the containment vessel 110.
  • the pressure vessel 112 and the steam generator 114 are connected by a main pump 113.
  • the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 includes a water tank 120 and at least one set of loop heat transfer system 130, wherein the water tank 120 is disposed above the top portion 111 of the containment 110, and The water tank 120 is partitioned into a water-cooling descending passage 127, an ascending passage 128, and an air-cooling descending passage 129 that communicate with each other, and the rising passage 128 and the air-cooling descending passage 129 respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, so that the pressure of the water tank 120 is atmospheric atmospheric pressure.
  • a related voltage regulator system to simplify the system structure.
  • the loop heat transfer system 130 includes a heat exchanger 131, a riser 132, a condenser 133, and a downcomer 134.
  • the condenser 133 is housed in the ascending passage 128 of the water tank 120, and the heat exchanger 131 is disposed.
  • the riser tube 132 is sealingly passed through the top portion 111 of the containment vessel 110 and the two ends respectively communicate with the An upper end of the heat exchanger 131, an upper end of the condenser 133, the down tube 134 is sealingly passed through the top portion 111 of the containment 110, and both ends respectively communicate with the lower end of the heat exchanger 131, the condenser At the lower end of 133, the heat exchanger 131, the riser 132, the condenser 133, and the downcomer 134 form a continuous cooling circulation passage.
  • the water tank 120 is filled with cooling water, and the condenser 133 is completely accommodated in the cooling water.
  • water vapor and the like released from the reactor breach enter the safety shell.
  • the temperature and pressure in the containment vessel 110 rise, and the high temperature water vapor and air mixture rises to the upper portion of the containment vessel 110 and contacts the heat exchanger 131, thereby causing condensation with the outer surface of the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger 131.
  • the convective heat transfer the water vapor is condensed into water and returned to the bottom of the containment vessel 110, and the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger 131.
  • the water in the heat exchanger 131 is evaporated by heat and enters the condenser 133 along the riser 132. Condensation heat transfer occurs, and the heat transferred from the condenser 133 heats the cooling water in the water tank 120. After a certain period of time, the cooling water in the water tank 120 boils, and the generated steam is directly released into the atmosphere due to the latent heat of vaporization of the cooling water. Large, so it can be well prevented from overheating and overpressure in the containment 110 due to large-scale release of mass energy at the beginning of the accident, and the condensed water in the condenser 133 is returned to the heat exchanger 1 along the downcomer 134.
  • the present invention employs the loop heat transfer system 130 as a heat-extracting passage through the containment vessel 110. Since the loop heat transfer system 130 has excellent heat conductivity, the total heat transfer resistance is small, and the temperature difference is small. The condition can be operated, and the smaller the heat exchange temperature difference, the higher the heat exchange efficiency, so that the temperature of the containment 110 can be lowered to near the ambient temperature; in addition, since the loop heat transfer system 130 is highly inactive, the entire system does not need to be a valve. Startup and other actions, as well as the need to set up external power equipment such as power supply, can achieve highly passive action, so that the system is simple in structure and light in weight.
  • the condenser 133 When the water in the water tank 120 is evaporated, the condenser 133 is exposed to the air, so that the surrounding air is heated, the heated air rises along the ascending passage 128, and the normal temperature air in the atmospheric space passes through the air cooling.
  • the descending channel 129 enters the ascending channel 128 to form a natural convection of the organized air, and finally the residual heat in the containment 110 is discharged to the atmospheric environment by means of air cooling, and even if the cooling water in the water tank 120 is evaporated to dry, the air can be cooled.
  • the containment vessel 110 is cooled for a long period of time, so that the cooling system 100 of the present invention can cool the containment vessel 110 under severe accident conditions (such as a water loss accident condition).
  • the loop heat transfer system 130 is a closed structure, and when the end of any one of the ends is broken, the other end is still intact.
  • the containment 110 is not turned on, and the radioactive material in the containment 110 is not released into the external atmosphere.
  • the containment vessel 110 since the containment vessel 110 has a cylindrical structure, the water tank 120 disposed above the top portion 111 thereof is disposed in a circular ring structure, and directly uses the top portion 111 of the containment vessel 110 as the water tank 120.
  • the bottom wall on the one hand, allows the cooling system 100 of the present invention to be directly used on the existing concrete containment vessel 110, without requiring major modifications to the existing containment vessel 110, and the installation and installation of the containment vessel 110 is convenient;
  • the water tank 120 is directly disposed at the top 111 of the containment vessel 110, which can provide a powerful means for rapid cooling in the early stage of an accident.
  • the bottom wall of the water tank 120 may be the top portion 111 of the containment vessel 110, or may be separately provided separately, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the water tank 120 includes an inner wall 121, an outer wall 122, and a top plate 123.
  • the inner wall 121 and the outer wall 122 are spaced apart from each other, and the upper end of the inner wall 121 is fixedly connected to the top plate 123, and the upper end of the outer wall 122 has a certain gap between the upper end and the top plate 123.
  • the inner wall 121, the outer wall 122, and the top portion 111 together define a receiving space, and the receiving space is partitioned to form a water cooling descending channel 127, an ascending channel 128, and an air cooling descending channel 129, and the rising channel 128 and the air cooling descending channel 129 are both
  • the atmospheric space is connected such that the pressure of the high water tank 120 at the top of the containment vessel 110 is atmospheric atmospheric pressure, and the relevant voltage stabilization system is not required, so that the system structure is simplified.
  • the water tank 120 further includes a first partition 124 and a second partition 125.
  • the first partition 124 and the second partition 125 are vertically and spaced apart from each other. 120 accommodation space, Specifically, the first partition plate 124 and the second partition plate 125 have a circular structure, and both are disposed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the water tank 120, and the first partition plate 124 and the second partition plate There is a gap between the lower end of the first partition plate 124 and the top plate 123.
  • the upper end of the first partition plate 124 is fixedly connected to the top plate 123.
  • the upper end of the second partition plate 125 and the top plate 123 are formed with an opening 128a.
  • the rising passage 128 is formed between the first partition plate 124 and the inner wall 121, and the air cooling descending passage is formed between the second partition plate 125 and the outer wall 122.
  • 129 that is, in the direction of the inner wall 121 to the outer wall 122, the water cooling descending channel 127, the rising channel 128, and the air cooling descending channel 129 are sequentially formed.
  • the water tank 120 Since the top portion 111 of the containment 110 has an outwardly convex arc-shaped structure, the water tank 120 is The bottom wall has an inclined structure, so that the position of the bottom wall of the water tank 120 corresponding to the water cooling descending passage 127, the rising passage 128, and the air cooling descending passage 129 is sequentially decreased; in addition, the rising passage 128 communicates with the atmospheric space through the opening 128a.
  • Air cooling down channel 12 9 is connected to the atmospheric space through the gap between the outer wall 122 and the top plate 123, so that the pressure of the water tank 120 disposed at the top portion 111 of the containment vessel 110 is atmospheric ambient pressure, without the need for an associated voltage stabilization system, which simplifies the system structure.
  • a rising passage 128 having a circular ring structure is formed in the water tank 120, and a condenser 133 of the loop heat transfer system 130 is disposed in the passage of the rising passage 128 and housed in the cooling water, so that the loop heat transfer system 130 is closed.
  • the structure is broken at any one end, the other end is still intact, so that the containment 110 is not turned on, and the radioactive material in the containment 110 is not released to the external atmosphere.
  • a plurality of sets of loop heat transfer systems 130 may be provided. Specifically, the plurality of sets of loop heat transfer systems 130 are disposed along the circumference of the water tank 120, each of which is disposed at intervals The condensers 133 of the group loop heat transfer system 130 are each disposed in the ascending passage 128 and are housed in the cooling water.
  • the water tank 120 can also be divided into a plurality of mutually independent pools 120' (shown in FIG. 5), and each pool 120' is correspondingly installed with a group of loop heat transfer systems 130, and multiple groups are set.
  • the independent pool 120', the loop heat transfer system 130, and the operation of each group of loop heat transfer systems 130 are independent of each other. Even if part of the loop heat transfer system 130 fails, other parts can still work effectively, achieving high system reliability.
  • the water tank 120 further includes a third partition 126, the third partition 126 is radially disposed, and the third partition 126 is connected between the inner wall 121 and the outer wall 122 so as to be Water tank 120 is divided into a plurality of independent pools 120', each of which is provided with a first partition 124 and a second partition 125, wherein two sides of the first partition 124 are respectively connected to two adjacent
  • the third partition 126 has an upper end connected to the top plate 123, and two sides of the second partition 125 are respectively connected to two adjacent third partitions 126, and the upper end of the second partition 125 and the top plate 123 are An opening 128a is formed between the upper end of the second partition plate 125 and the top plate 123, and the through hole is formed directly at the upper end of the second partition plate 125.
  • the gap between the outer wall 122 and the top plate 123 is a passage for the air cooling descending passage 129 to communicate with the air space.
  • a through hole may be formed in the outer wall 122.
  • the air cooling down channel 129 is connected to the atmospheric space, but is not limited thereto.
  • the loop heat transfer system 130 of the present invention is a heat pump system.
  • the loop heat transfer system 130 of the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be other heat transfer systems, which are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the second embodiment of the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100' of the present invention differs from the above embodiment only in that it further includes a condensed water recovery system 140, and other structures are the same as those of the above embodiment, and only The differences between the two are described, and the same parts will not be described again.
  • the condensed water recovery system 140 is disposed in the containment vessel 110 and communicates with the reactor pit 115 in the containment vessel 110. Specifically, it includes a first condensed water collector 141 and a second condensed water collector 143, the first condensed water collector 141 is provided on the inner wall surface of the containment 110, and the position of the first condensed water collector 141 Above the reactor stack 115, the first condensate collector 141 communicates with the reactor stack 115 through a first valve 142.
  • the second condensate collector 143 is disposed in the containment 110 and located below the heat exchanger 131.
  • the second condensate collector 143 is higher than and in communication with the reactor stack 115, that is, the second condensate collector 143 is at a height
  • the direction is located between the heat exchanger 131 and the reactor pit 115, and the second condensate collector 143 is connected to the reactor pit 115 through the second valve 144.
  • the first condensate collector 141 is disposed along the inner wall surface of the containment vessel 110, and preferably has a channel-shaped structure with a side wall abutting against the inner wall surface of the containment vessel 110, the first condensation
  • the bottom wall of the water collector 141 is connected to the reactor pit 115 through a pipe, and the pipe is provided with a first valve 142.
  • the side wall of the first condensate collector 141 is in close contact with the inner wall surface of the containment 110, making it more convenient
  • the condensed water formed by condensation on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel 110 is effectively collected.
  • the second condensate collector 143 has a V-shaped structure, and the bottom of the second condensate collector 143 communicates with the reactor pit 115 through the second valve 144; that is, the second condensate collector 143 has two side walls.
  • the two side walls are inclined, the bottom joints of the two side walls are connected to the reactor pit 115 through a pipeline, and the second valve 144 is disposed on the pipeline, and the V-shaped structure enables the collected condensed water to be quickly injected.
  • Reactor pit 115 The two side walls are inclined, the bottom joints of the two side walls are connected to the reactor pit 115 through a pipeline, and the second valve 144 is disposed on the pipeline, and the V-shaped structure enables the collected condensed water to be quickly injected.
  • Reactor pit 115 is inclined, the bottom joints of the two side walls are connected to the reactor pit 115 through a pipeline, and the second valve 144 is disposed on the pipeline, and the V-shaped structure enables the collected condensed water to
  • the heat exchanger 131 in the containment vessel 110 condenses convective heat transfer with the outer surface of the heat exchanger 131, the water vapor is condensed into water, and returns to the bottom of the containment 110, and the heat is transferred to
  • the heat exchanger 131 of the loop heat transfer system 130 the water in the heat exchanger 131 is evaporated by heat, and enters the condenser 133 in the water tank 120 along the riser pipe 132, and then condensation heat transfer occurs, and the condensed water flows along the down pipe.
  • the condenser 133 After the cooling water in the water tank 120/sink 120' is evaporated, the condenser 133 is exposed to the air, the surrounding air is heated, and the heated air rises along the ascending passage 128 and is released from the opening 128a to the atmosphere. At the same time, the normal temperature air enters the air cooling descending passage 129 through the gap between the outer wall 122 and the top plate 123, and flows toward the rising passage 128 to form a natural convection of the organized air, as indicated by the direction of the arrow in FIG.
  • the residual heat in the containment vessel 110 is discharged to the atmosphere to realize the discharge of a large amount of residual heat in the containment 110 at the initial stage of the accident, and the containment 110 can be cooled by air cooling under the condition that the cooling water in the water tank 120/sink 120' is evaporated. Long-term cooling can cope with the cooling problem of the containment 110 under severe accident conditions such as water loss accident conditions.
  • the concrete containment non-kinetic energy cooling system 100 of the present invention includes a water tank 120 disposed at the top of the containment vessel 110 and at least one set of loop heat transfer system 130, and the water tank 120 is partitioned into mutually connected water-cooled descending passages 127, air-cooled The descending channel 129 and the rising channel 128, and the air cooling descending channel 129 and the rising channel 128 respectively communicate with the atmospheric space, the loop heat transfer system 130 sealingly penetrates the containment 110 and a portion is received in the rising channel 128, and the loop heat transfer Another portion of system 130 is located within containment 110. When it is put into use, the cooling water is filled in the water tank 120.
  • an upward steam flow and a condensed water return flow are formed in the circuit heat transfer system 130, and only water is used as a working medium in the circulation passage, and is at The two-phase state of steam and liquid; the heat transfer system 130 is used as the heat-extracting passage through the concrete containment 110, the heat transfer temperature difference is small, and the temperature can be automatically adjusted according to the working temperature and heat in the containment 110, and it is easier to be safe in an accident.
  • the temperature inside the casing 110 is continuously cooled below the design limit, and the arrangement of the water tank 120 enables rapid discharge of a large amount of residual heat in the containment 110 at the initial stage of the accident.
  • the portion of the loop heat transfer system 130 located in the water tank is exposed to the air, the air is heated, and then rises along the ascending passage 128 to form a natural convection of the organized air, which will eventually The heat inside the containment vessel 110 is led to the atmosphere, so even the cooling water is steamed. Under dry conditions, the containment vessel 110 can still be cooled for a long period of time by air cooling. Moreover, the whole system does not need to perform valve opening and closing operations, etc., and can realize highly passive safety, and does not need to set other auxiliary equipment, so the structure is simple, the weight is light, and the maintenance is easy.

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un système de refroidissement passif qui est destiné à une enveloppe de confinement en béton, et qui comprend un réservoir d'eau (120) ainsi qu'au moins un système caloporteur en retour (130), ce système caloporteur en retour (130) comportant un échangeur de chaleur (131), une colonne montante (132), un tuyau de descente (134) et un condenseur (133). Le réservoir d'eau (120) se situe dans la partie supérieure d'une enveloppe de confinement (110), et l'intérieur de ce réservoir est divisé en un canal descendant de refroidissement à eau (127), un canal descendant de refroidissement à air (129) et un canal montant (128) qui communiquent les uns avec les autres. Le canal descendant de refroidissement à air (129) et le canal montant (128) communiquent respectivement avec un espace atmosphérique. Le système caloporteur en retour (130) traverse l'enveloppe de confinement (110) tout en étant étanche, il se trouve en partie dans le canal montant (128), et une autre partie de ce système caloporteur en retour (130) se situe dans l'enveloppe de confinement (110). Grâce à l'utilisation du système caloporteur en retour (130), la différence de température de transfert de chaleur est faible, des ajustements peuvent être effectués automatiquement en fonction de la température du fluide de travail et de la quantité de chaleur dans l'enveloppe de confinement (110), et, en cas d'incident, il est plus facile de maintenir ladite enveloppe de confinement (110) à une température fraîche inférieure aux limites de conception. Le système possède un degré élevé de sécurité passive et une structure simple, il est facile à entretenir, il tient compte des deux états de fonctionnement, à savoir le refroidissement à eau et le refroidissement à air, et il satisfait à deux exigences : l'évacuation initiale de la plus grande partie de la chaleur résiduelle en cas d'incident; et la prise en compte du refroidissement à long terme de l'enveloppe de confinement.
PCT/CN2015/074671 2014-07-30 2015-03-20 Système de refroidissement passif pour une enveloppe de confinement en béton WO2016015475A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1603314.4A GB2531489B (en) 2014-07-30 2015-03-20 Passive cooling system of concrete containment

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410371287.9 2014-07-30
CN201410371287.9A CN104167231A (zh) 2014-07-30 2014-07-30 混凝土安全壳非动能冷却系统

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016015475A1 true WO2016015475A1 (fr) 2016-02-04

Family

ID=51911009

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2015/074671 WO2016015475A1 (fr) 2014-07-30 2015-03-20 Système de refroidissement passif pour une enveloppe de confinement en béton

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN104167231A (fr)
GB (1) GB2531489B (fr)
WO (1) WO2016015475A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017184718A3 (fr) * 2016-04-19 2017-12-14 Memmott Matthew J Élimination de chaleur d'urgence dans un réacteur à eau légère à l'aide d'un système de refroidissement par réaction endothermique passif (percs)
CN113140336A (zh) * 2021-04-02 2021-07-20 中国核电工程有限公司 一种带导流结构的非能动安全壳热量导出系统

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104167231A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-26 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 混凝土安全壳非动能冷却系统
CN104616708A (zh) * 2015-01-23 2015-05-13 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 次临界能源包层非能动安全系统
CN105047235B (zh) * 2015-06-09 2017-12-29 中国核动力研究设计院 核反应堆严重事故状态下熔融物堆内滞留非能动冷却系统
CN105047236B (zh) * 2015-06-09 2017-03-08 中国核动力研究设计院 反应堆严重事故状态下熔融物滞留非能动冷却系统
CN106024077A (zh) * 2016-06-14 2016-10-12 中广核工程有限公司 核电厂非能动安全壳热量导出系统
WO2022002355A1 (fr) * 2020-06-29 2022-01-06 Framatome Gmbh Centrale nucléaire
CN113593732A (zh) * 2021-07-02 2021-11-02 中国核电工程有限公司 一种用于反应堆熔融物碎片床的注水冷却系统

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201946323U (zh) * 2011-01-05 2011-08-24 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 一种用于核电站的应急给水系统
CN102637465A (zh) * 2012-05-02 2012-08-15 哈尔滨工程大学 一种非能动安全壳冷却系统
KR101242746B1 (ko) * 2011-12-14 2013-03-12 한국과학기술원 원자력 발전소의 격납건물 외부 통합피동안전계통 시스템
CN103377730A (zh) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-30 上海核工程研究设计院 一种以安全壳内水箱为热源的分离式空气冷却热阱
CN103578584A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-12 中国核电工程有限公司 一种具有恒温水箱的非能动安全壳冷却系统
KR20140067287A (ko) * 2012-11-26 2014-06-05 한국원자력연구원 원자로건물 피동 살수 계통
CN104167231A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-26 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 混凝土安全壳非动能冷却系统

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5255296A (en) * 1992-06-24 1993-10-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Collecting and recirculating condensate in a nuclear reactor containment
EP0667623A1 (fr) * 1994-02-14 1995-08-16 FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO Un système pour l'évacuation passive de la chaleur de l'intérieur de la structure de confinement d'un réacteur nucléaire
CN202110832U (zh) * 2011-06-29 2012-01-11 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 一种置顶式压水堆非能动应急余热排出系统
CN202549316U (zh) * 2012-02-29 2012-11-21 上海核工程研究设计院 水淹和风冷相结合的非能动安全壳冷却系统
CN103377728B (zh) * 2012-04-27 2015-09-30 上海核工程研究设计院 一种水淹式安全壳完全非能动余热导出系统
CN202584748U (zh) * 2012-05-24 2012-12-05 国家核电技术有限公司 核电站安全壳热量排出系统
CN202887746U (zh) * 2012-08-20 2013-04-17 中国核电工程有限公司 一种核电站能动与非能动结合的堆芯剩余热量排出系统
CN203070791U (zh) * 2013-01-14 2013-07-17 上海核工程研究设计院 安全壳内置乏燃料池
CN203397717U (zh) * 2013-07-31 2014-01-15 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 非能动安全壳冷却装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201946323U (zh) * 2011-01-05 2011-08-24 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 一种用于核电站的应急给水系统
KR101242746B1 (ko) * 2011-12-14 2013-03-12 한국과학기술원 원자력 발전소의 격납건물 외부 통합피동안전계통 시스템
CN103377730A (zh) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-30 上海核工程研究设计院 一种以安全壳内水箱为热源的分离式空气冷却热阱
CN102637465A (zh) * 2012-05-02 2012-08-15 哈尔滨工程大学 一种非能动安全壳冷却系统
KR20140067287A (ko) * 2012-11-26 2014-06-05 한국원자력연구원 원자로건물 피동 살수 계통
CN103578584A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-12 中国核电工程有限公司 一种具有恒温水箱的非能动安全壳冷却系统
CN104167231A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-26 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 混凝土安全壳非动能冷却系统

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017184718A3 (fr) * 2016-04-19 2017-12-14 Memmott Matthew J Élimination de chaleur d'urgence dans un réacteur à eau légère à l'aide d'un système de refroidissement par réaction endothermique passif (percs)
CN113140336A (zh) * 2021-04-02 2021-07-20 中国核电工程有限公司 一种带导流结构的非能动安全壳热量导出系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104167231A (zh) 2014-11-26
GB201603314D0 (en) 2016-04-13
GB2531489B (en) 2020-09-02
GB2531489A (en) 2016-04-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2016015475A1 (fr) Système de refroidissement passif pour une enveloppe de confinement en béton
WO2016015474A1 (fr) Système de refroidissement passif de confinement en béton
WO2016078421A1 (fr) Système passif de refroidissement de sécurité
US10529459B2 (en) Passive containment heat removal system and control method thereof
US5612982A (en) Nuclear power plant with containment cooling
CN102522127B (zh) 非能动安全壳热量导出系统
EP2791943B1 (fr) Système de refroidissement d'urgence du coeur (eccs) pour réacteur nucléaire employant des circuits fermés de transfert de chaleur
US20120294407A1 (en) Nuclear Power Plant, Fuel Pool Water Cooling Facility and Method Thereof
CN102956275A (zh) 具有紧凑的非能动安全系统的压水反应堆
CN102867550A (zh) 一种应对全厂断电事故的非能动排热装置
CN104103325B (zh) 一种长期非能动安全壳热量导出系统
US20150060018A1 (en) Heat pipe based passive residual heat removal system for spent fuel pool
KR20120132493A (ko) 1차 냉각재의 자연순환을 가지는 원자로 시스템
US4959193A (en) Indirect passive cooling system for liquid metal cooled nuclear reactors
CN104361913A (zh) 二次侧非能动余热导出系统
CN204029396U (zh) 非能动混凝土安全壳冷却系统
US20140362968A1 (en) System for removing the residual power of a pressurised water nuclear reactor
KR101250479B1 (ko) 안전보호용기를 구비한 피동형 비상노심냉각설비 및 이를 이용한 열 전달량 증가 방법
CN204242601U (zh) 非能动安全冷却系统
KR101389840B1 (ko) 전기생산을 위한 고유안전 수냉각형 원자로 계통
CN105006258A (zh) 一种核电厂浮动式乏燃料水池非能动冷却装置及系统
CN205230605U (zh) 核电站非能动安全壳冷却系统
US4554129A (en) Gas-cooled nuclear reactor
CN205789133U (zh) 一种非能动核电站辅助降压系统
CN107799188A (zh) 一种安全壳压力抑制系统

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 201603314

Country of ref document: GB

Kind code of ref document: A

Free format text: PCT FILING DATE = 20150320

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 15827265

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 07.07.2017)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 15827265

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1