WO2016013147A1 - 符号化方法、復号方法、符号化装置および復号装置 - Google Patents
符号化方法、復号方法、符号化装置および復号装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/167—Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/44—Decoders specially adapted therefor, e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/20—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video object coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/20—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video object coding
- H04N19/23—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video object coding with coding of regions that are present throughout a whole video segment, e.g. sprites, background or mosaic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/537—Motion estimation other than block-based
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for encoding a moving image and decoding the encoded moving image.
- HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding
- HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding
- ISO International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector
- MPEG-x MPEG-x
- H.264 / AVC or MPEG-4 AVC was studied as the next video coding standard after the standard.
- JCT-VC Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding
- Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem that the amount of information generated by encoding and to be decoded is large.
- the present invention provides an encoding method, a decoding method, and the like that can reduce the data amount of information generated by encoding and subjected to decoding.
- An encoding method is an encoding method for encoding a moving image for each frame, wherein a background image is extracted from a target frame included in the moving image, and is included in at least the target frame.
- a background image is extracted from a target frame included in the moving image, and is included in at least the target frame.
- the encoding device and the decoding device of the present invention can reduce the data amount of information generated by encoding and subjected to decoding.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the encoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the encoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an overall processing operation of the encoding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing in detail the metadata extraction processing in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining model analysis processing by the model analysis unit in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing in detail the provisional code string generation process in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing in detail the basic code string generation process in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a basic code string generated by the basic code string generating process in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of the metadata estimation process in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing in detail the metadata estimation processing in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a basic code string to which information related to the estimation method according to Embodiment 1 is added.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a metadata estimation method by interpolation in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a metadata estimation method using only the metadata of the same frame in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a reference metadata group to which predetermined reference metadata is added according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a metadata estimation method using the metadata of frames at different times in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a metadata estimation method using the metadata of frames at different times in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing in detail the correction parameter calculation processing in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of correction information generated by the correction parameter calculation process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing in detail the image reconstruction process in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of code information generated by the code information generation process in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the decoding apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing an overall processing operation of the decoding apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing details of the metadata restoration processing in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating an example of a metadata group of a processing target frame restored by the metadata restoration process according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart showing in detail a decoded image generation process in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 30A is a flowchart illustrating an encoding method according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 30B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the encoding device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31A is a flowchart illustrating a decoding method according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 31B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a decoding device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is an overall configuration diagram of a content supply system that implements a content distribution service.
- FIG. 33 is an overall configuration diagram of a digital broadcasting system.
- FIG. 34 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a television.
- FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an information reproducing / recording unit that reads and writes information from and on a recording medium that is an optical disk.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a recording medium that is an optical disk.
- FIG. 37A is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile phone.
- FIG. 37B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a mobile phone.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a structure of multiplexed data.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram schematically showing how each stream is multiplexed in the multiplexed data.
- FIG. 34 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a television.
- FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an information reproducing / recording unit that reads and writes information from and on
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing in more detail how the video stream is stored in the PES packet sequence.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing the structure of TS packets and source packets in multiplexed data.
- FIG. 42 shows the data structure of the PMT.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an internal structure of multiplexed data information.
- FIG. 44 shows the internal structure of stream attribute information.
- FIG. 45 shows steps for identifying video data.
- FIG. 46 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an integrated circuit that realizes the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method according to each embodiment.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram showing a configuration for switching drive frequencies.
- FIG. 48 is a diagram showing steps for identifying video data and switching between driving frequencies.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing the structure of TS packets and source packets in multiplexed data.
- FIG. 42 shows the data structure of the PMT.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an internal structure of multiplexe
- FIG. 50A is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration for sharing a module of a signal processing unit.
- FIG. 50B is a diagram illustrating another example of a configuration for sharing a module of a signal processing unit.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is applied to a system that transmits and receives moving images. That is, the transmission device transmits a moving image encoded by the encoding method of Non-Patent Document 1 to a reception device at a remote location.
- the receiving apparatus decodes the encoded moving image by the decoding method described in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the transmitting device is an encoding device
- the receiving device is a decoding device.
- the receiving device can utilize new information obtained by video analysis using computer vision.
- the new information is information indicating the degree of congestion obtained from the analysis of the video (moving image) of the surveillance camera in the city, or who is in the place where the surveillance camera is shot, Information about where it is gathering.
- the receiver has a video analysis function. Therefore, the transmission device sends a bit stream obtained by performing moving image compression on the video of the surveillance camera to the reception device. Then, the receiving device decodes the bit stream and analyzes the moving image obtained by the decoding.
- the analysis of the moving image is, for example, face recognition processing or posture recognition processing. Such analysis of moving images is diverse depending on the application of the system, and corresponds to the system market.
- an event such as a moving image not being sent to the receiving device or an image quality degradation during compression of the moving image occurs due to the communication environment between the transmitting device and the receiving device
- the event is analyzed by the moving image in the receiving device. May be affected.
- a bit stream having a larger amount of data than information requested by the receiving device is transmitted. For example, even if the receiving apparatus requests only information indicating the degree of congestion, a bit stream with a large amount of data including other information is transmitted from the transmitting apparatus to the receiving apparatus.
- the transmission device transmits only information obtained by a sensor or information obtained by performing video analysis to the reception device.
- the transmitting apparatus performs video analysis, and transmits only the requested information obtained from the result of the video analysis to the receiving apparatus.
- the data amount of the information transmitted to the receiving device can be reduced without causing the receiving device to analyze the moving image.
- the amount of data can be greatly reduced.
- the transmission apparatus since the amount of data is small in the receiving apparatus, it is difficult to reconstruct the video.
- the transmission apparatus must acquire information required by the reception apparatus for each reception apparatus by video analysis or the like, and the burden of such processing is large.
- the data amount of information to be transmitted increases. That is, when encoding / decoding is involved in the transmission / reception of the information, the data amount of the information generated by the encoding and to be decoded is increased. In addition, if it is attempted to reduce the amount of data, there is a problem that the processing load on the transmission device side becomes large because video analysis or the like according to the request of the reception device is required for each reception device.
- an encoding method for encoding a moving image for each frame, and a background image is extracted from a target frame included in the moving image. Extracting, for each of at least one object included in the target frame, extracting a plurality of types of metadata indicating the characteristics of the object from the target frame, and hierarchically classifying the plurality of types of metadata for each type Code information including background image information for arranging and specifying the background image, and meta information indicating a part or all of the metadata corresponding to the selected hierarchy from the plurality of types of metadata. Generate.
- the type of metadata belonging to the first hierarchy is the coordinates of the object in the target frame.
- the type of metadata belonging to the second hierarchy is the size of the object in the target frame.
- the type of metadata belonging to the third hierarchy is the classification name of the subject displayed as an object in the target frame.
- These coordinates, size, and classification name are types of metadata indicating the characteristics of the object. That is, the coordinates of the object in the target frame are represented by the coordinate metadata, and the size of the object at the coordinates is represented by the size metadata. Further, the form of the object adjusted to the size indicated by the metadata of the size at the coordinates indicated by the metadata of the coordinates is expressed by the metadata of the classification name such as the vehicle type, for example.
- the generated code information includes background image information and meta information indicating a part or all of the metadata corresponding to the selected hierarchy from a plurality of types of metadata. Therefore, when receiving the code information, the decoding apparatus, which is a receiving apparatus, specifies a background image based on the background image information included in the code information, and derives one or more types of metadata based on the meta information. Then, the decoding device superimposes an object represented by one or more types of metadata on the specified background image. For example, an object is expressed in an abstract manner such as a point based on coordinate information, a rectangle based on coordinate information and size, or an inset image based on coordinate information, size, and a representative image.
- the degree of abstraction which is the degree of abstract expression, is changed for each layer and superimposed.
- the superimposition of the object is performed on each of at least one object. As a result, a decoded image close to the target frame can be generated, and the data amount of the code information can be suppressed.
- multiple types of metadata are arranged hierarchically for each type. That is, for each type of metadata, metadata corresponding to each type of at least one object is collectively arranged. For example, metadata corresponding to each coordinate of at least one object is collectively arranged, and metadata corresponding to each size of at least one object is collectively arranged. Further, metadata corresponding to the classification name of each subject of at least one object is arranged together.
- the decoding device can generate a decoded image in which only the coordinates of the object are expressed in the background image.
- the type belonging to the hierarchy according to the level requested by the decoding device is a size
- only metadata corresponding to the coordinates and size of at least one object can be easily transmitted together.
- the decoding device can generate a decoded image in which only the coordinates and size of the object are expressed in the background image. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform video analysis according to the request of each decoding device (receiving device), and the processing load can be reduced. In addition, since it is not necessary to transmit all of a plurality of types of metadata according to the level requested by the decoding device, the data amount of information to be transmitted can be further suppressed.
- the plurality of types of metadata may further include the total number of objects included in the target frame.
- the estimation target metadata that is any kind of metadata among the plurality of kinds of extracted metadata is further converted to any one of the plurality of estimation techniques.
- the code information including information on the estimation method used for the estimation of the estimation target metadata may be generated as the meta information.
- the estimation target metadata is the estimation target metadata by performing interpolation or extrapolation on the coordinates of the same object in each of at least one reference frame included in the moving image. Estimate the coordinates.
- motion model information indicating a change in the spatial position and size of the object in the moving image is further generated, and the interpolation or extrapolation and the motion model information are generated. Based on the above, the coordinates that are the estimation target metadata and the size that is the other type of metadata among the plurality of types of metadata are estimated.
- the data amount of the information regarding the estimation method can be smaller than the metadata, and as a result, the data amount of the code information can be reduced. It can be further suppressed.
- a correction parameter for compensating for the residual may be included in the code information.
- the correction parameter is included in the code information, even if the residual between the estimated metadata and the estimation target metadata is large, the estimation metadata can be corrected so as to be close to the estimation target metadata. .
- the encoding method further generates a reconstructed image by reconstructing the target frame based on the background image information and the meta information, and indicates a difference between the target frame and the reconstructed image
- a difference image may be included in the code information.
- the coordinates of the object are specified by metadata belonging to the first hierarchy
- the size of the object is specified by metadata belonging to the second hierarchy
- the related image associated with the classification name of the subject is specified by the metadata belonging to the hierarchy
- the background image is specified by the background image information
- the specified coordinates of the specified background image are specified.
- the reconstructed image is generated by superimposing the identified related image having the specified size.
- the related image may be acquired from a server via a network.
- a related image indicating a vehicle form associated with a classification name such as a vehicle type can be easily obtained, and an appropriate reconstructed image can be generated.
- a decoding method for decoding an encoded moving image for each piece of code information corresponding to a frame, and the background included in the code information
- One or more types arranged hierarchically for each type, specifying the background image of the target frame from the image information, indicating the characteristics of one object included in the target frame from the meta information included in the code information
- generating a decoded image by superimposing the one object represented by the one or more types of metadata on the identified background image, wherein the metadata is the target
- the characteristics of the object are indicated.
- the type belonging to the first hierarchy in the code information is the coordinates of the object in the target frame.
- the type belonging to the second layer in the code information is the size of the object in the target frame.
- the type belonging to the third layer in the code information is a classification name of the subject displayed as an object in the target frame.
- the decoded image may be generated by superimposing the objects having different abstractions on the background image for each layer of the metadata.
- the meta information may further include the total number of objects included in the target frame.
- the metadata may be derived by performing metadata estimation using information on the estimation method included as the metadata.
- the coordinates that are the metadata are obtained by performing interpolation or extrapolation on the coordinates of the same object in each of at least one reference frame included in the encoded moving image.
- motion model information indicating a change in spatial position and size of the object in the encoded moving image is extracted from the code information, and the interpolation or extrapolation is performed.
- a coordinate that is the metadata and a size that is another type of metadata among the one or more types of metadata are estimated.
- the estimated metadata obtained by the estimation of the metadata is determined as follows:
- the metadata may be derived by correcting based on the correction parameter.
- the decoding method it is further determined whether or not a difference image exists in the code information, and in the generation of the decoded image, a reconstructed image is obtained by superimposing the at least one object on the background image.
- the decoded image may be generated by generating and adding the difference image to the reconstructed image.
- the coordinates of the object are specified by metadata belonging to the first hierarchy
- the size of the object is specified by metadata belonging to the second hierarchy
- the related image associated with the classification name of the subject is specified by the metadata belonging to the hierarchy
- the background image is specified by the background image information
- the specified coordinates of the specified background image are specified.
- the reconstructed image is generated by superimposing the identified related image having the specified size.
- the related image may be acquired from a server via a network.
- a related image indicating a vehicle form associated with a classification name such as a vehicle type can be easily obtained, and an appropriate reconstructed image can be generated.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the encoding apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the encoding device 100 generates code information by encoding each input image that is, for example, a picture or a frame included in the moving image.
- the encoding apparatus 100 includes a metadata extraction unit 110, a model analysis unit 120, a temporary code generation unit 130, an image reconstruction unit 140, a subtraction unit 150, and a code generation unit 160.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts a background image from the input image. Then, the metadata extraction unit 110 outputs background image information for specifying the background image. Further, for each object included in the input image, the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts a plurality of types of metadata indicating the characteristics of the object from the input image. And the metadata extraction part 110 outputs those metadata. Note that the metadata extraction unit 110 also outputs the number of objects included in the input image as metadata.
- the model analysis unit 120 moves the object in the moving image. Analyze the model. Then, the model analysis unit 120 outputs motion model information indicating the analysis result to the temporary code generation unit 130.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 generates and outputs a temporary code string based on a plurality of types of metadata for each object included in the input image, background image information, and motion model information for each object.
- the image reconstruction unit 140 generates a reconstructed image based on the temporary code string.
- the subtraction unit 150 generates a difference image by subtracting the reconstructed image from the input image.
- the code generation unit 160 generates and outputs code information based on the temporary code string and the difference image.
- the encoding device 100 encodes a moving image obtained by imaging with a camera installed on a road, for example. At this time, the encoding apparatus 100 generates code information by encoding the moving image for each input image included in the moving image. More specifically, the moving image is a video acquired from a fixed camera that captures a road such as an expressway. In this case, the object is an image of a car that is a subject.
- the multiple types of metadata of the object include, for example, coordinate information indicating the coordinates of the car in the input image, size information indicating the size of the car in the input image, and a representative image of the car. Note that the metadata is not limited to these types of information.
- the representative image is an image used to represent an object such as a car.
- the representative image may be a subject image acquired by a camera or the like, or may be a subject image held in an external server.
- the representative image may be an image drawn by a predetermined method.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image.
- the code information indicates the background image of the input image and each metadata for each object.
- the background image includes a background including a road on which a car travels, for example.
- Each object included in the input image is, for example, a car (specifically, an image of a car that is a subject).
- the plurality of types of metadata for each object are vehicle coordinate information, size information, vehicle type information, and representative images.
- the vehicle coordinate information indicates the coordinates of the vehicle in the input image
- the vehicle size information indicates the size of the vehicle.
- the vehicle type information of the vehicle indicates a vehicle type that is a classification name of the vehicle
- the representative image of the vehicle is a representative image of the vehicle.
- the object When such code information is decoded, the object is represented as an image based on a plurality of types of metadata of the object, and a decoded image is generated by being superimposed on the background image.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image.
- the encoding device 100 may transmit, to the decoding device, code information indicating only coordinate information among a plurality of types of metadata for each object indicated by the code information in FIG.
- the object When such code information is decoded, the object is represented as an image based on the coordinate information of the object, and a decoded image is generated by being superimposed on the background image.
- the code information does not indicate size information, vehicle type information, and representative images. Therefore, the decoding device generates a decoded image in which a cross or triangle mark is projected at the coordinates indicated by the coordinate information of the object.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image.
- the encoding device 100 may transmit, to the decoding device, code information indicating only coordinate information and size information among a plurality of types of metadata for each object indicated by the code information in FIG.
- the object When such code information is decoded, the object is represented as an image based on the coordinate information and size information of the object, and a decoded image is generated by being superimposed on the background image.
- the code information does not indicate the vehicle type information and the representative image. Therefore, the decoding device generates a decoded image in which a rectangular image having the size indicated by the size information is projected at the coordinates indicated by the coordinate information of the object.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image.
- the encoding device 100 may transmit, to the decoding device, code information indicating only coordinate information, size information, and vehicle type information among a plurality of types of metadata for each object indicated by the code information in FIG.
- the object is represented as an image based on the coordinate information, size information, and vehicle type information of the object, and a decoded image is generated by being superimposed on the background image.
- the code information does not indicate a representative image. Therefore, the decoding device generates a decoded image in which an image of the vehicle type indicated by the vehicle type information is displayed at the coordinates indicated by the coordinate information of the object.
- This vehicle type image is a related image showing a general form of the vehicle type associated with the vehicle type indicated by the vehicle type information.
- the related image is adjusted to the size indicated by the size information.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image.
- the encoding device 100 may transmit, to the decoding device, code information indicating only coordinate information among a plurality of types of metadata for each object indicated by the code information in FIG. At this time, the encoding apparatus 100 may include motion model information in the code information.
- a decoded image is generated by representing the object as an image based on the coordinate information of the object and the motion model information and superimposing it on the background image. That is, the decoding device generates a decoded image in which a rectangular image having a size corresponding to the motion model information is displayed at the coordinates indicated by the coordinate information of the object.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another example of an input image, code information, and a decoded image.
- the encoding device 100 may transmit, to the decoding device, code information indicating only coordinate information among a plurality of types of metadata for each object indicated by the code information in FIG.
- the object When such code information is decoded, the object is generated as an image based on the coordinate information of the object, and the decoded image is generated by being superimposed on the background image. That is, the decoding device generates a decoded image in which, for example, a rectangular image having a predetermined size is displayed at the coordinates indicated by the coordinate information of the object. At this time, when detecting a special situation (such as congestion), the decoding apparatus may change the display method of the rectangular image corresponding to the object corresponding to the situation.
- a special situation such as congestion
- the code information corresponds to the background image information for specifying the background image and the hierarchy selected from the plurality of types of extracted metadata. And meta information indicating some or all of the metadata.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the overall processing operation of the encoding apparatus 100.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 of the encoding device 100 performs a metadata extraction process (step S110). That is, the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts a background image from the input image and extracts a plurality of types of metadata for each object included in the input image. In the metadata extraction, the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts an object included in the input image by using template matching, HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) feature, SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform), or the like. Then, the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts, for each object, information such as coordinates or size in the input image of the object as metadata.
- HOG Heistogram of Oriented Gradients
- SIFT Scale-Invariant Feature Transform
- the model analysis unit 120 performs a model analysis process using the metadata and the input image obtained in step S110 (step S120). That is, the model analysis unit 120 generates motion model information indicating the motion of an object in the moving image.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 generates a temporary code sequence necessary for reconstructing the input image from the metadata obtained in step S110 and the motion model information obtained in step S120.
- a column generation process is performed (step S130).
- the image reconstruction unit 140 performs image reconstruction processing for reconstructing an input image using the temporary code string generated in step S130 (step S140).
- the subtraction unit 150 performs difference image calculation processing for generating a difference image by subtracting the reconstructed image generated in step S140 from the input image (step S150).
- the code generation unit 160 performs code information generation processing for generating code information from the temporary code string generated in step S130 and the difference image acquired in step S150 (step S160).
- the encoding apparatus 100 repeats the series of processes for each input image included in the moving image.
- the metadata extraction processing in step S110 may be performed on all input images included in the moving image. Further, after the metadata extraction process is performed on one input image, the metadata extraction process is repeated so that the metadata extraction process is repeated for a predetermined number of input images. May be performed intermittently. Further, the metadata extraction process may be performed on the input image according to the contents in the input image. When metadata extraction processing is performed on all input images, accurate metadata can be acquired for each of all input images, and the quality of the image reconstructed by the generated temporary code string Can be improved. Further, when the metadata extraction process is intermittently performed as described above, the number of metadata extraction processes can be greatly reduced, and the processing amount in the encoding apparatus 100 can be greatly reduced. it can.
- the metadata extraction process is performed according to the contents in the input image, it is possible to achieve an appropriate trade-off between the reduction of the processing amount and the improvement of the image quality. That is, it is possible to improve the quality of an image reconstructed by the generated temporary code string while reducing the number of metadata extraction processes.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 may also use information acquired by a sensor outside the encoding device 100.
- a transmission device that transmits information indicating position or speed is mounted on a vehicle, and a reception device on a road receives the information.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 may use the received information.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 may analyze input information obtained by a device other than a video sensor such as a millimeter wave radar, and may use metadata obtained by the analysis.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 may perform analysis using input images obtained by a plurality of cameras. According to these, in one input image, it is impossible to extract from an input image obtained by one camera (imaging device) such as car metadata that has not been shown behind a large car. Metadata can be acquired.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing in detail the metadata extraction process in step S110.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts a background image from the input image (step S111). At this time, the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts, from the input images included in the moving image, an input image in which no object exists as a background image.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 may calculate an average value or a median value of pixel values of the same coordinates in a plurality of input images (for example, a plurality of frames). In this case, the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts an average image or a median image obtained by such calculation as a background image. According to this, even if it is a moving image in which an object exists in any input image, a background image can be generated from the moving image. Further, the metadata extraction unit 110 may divide the input image into several small areas, determine whether an object exists for each small area, and extract only a small area where no object exists. In this case, the metadata extraction unit 110 generates a background image by arranging a plurality of small regions extracted from each of a plurality of frames. This also makes it possible to generate a background image from a moving image in which the object exists in any input image.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts, as metadata, unit number information indicating the number of cars (for example, passenger cars or vehicles such as trucks) that are objects included in the input image from the input image (step S112). .
- the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts coordinate information indicating the center coordinates of those objects (step S113).
- the metadata extraction unit 110 identifies the vehicle types of those objects, for example, trucks, ordinary vehicles, or light vehicles, and extracts vehicle type information indicating these vehicle types (step S114).
- the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts size information indicating the sizes of those objects (step S115).
- the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts representative images indicating those objects (step S116). This representative image is, for example, an image obtained by cutting out only the object from the input image.
- a series of processing relating to the object from step S112 to S116 can be realized by recognizing the object using HOG, for example. At this time, it is possible to improve the accuracy of object recognition processing by utilizing input images existing before and after in time or metadata extracted from these input images.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 outputs background image information indicating the extracted background image.
- the background image information may be an extracted background image, or information for identifying or selecting the background image. That is, the metadata extraction unit 110 searches the image group for an image similar to the extracted background image. Then, the metadata extraction unit 110 outputs information for selecting an image similar to the background image from the image group as background image information.
- the image group may include a plurality of background images extracted in the past, or may include a plurality of preexisting images.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 acquires the image group from a memory in the encoding device 100 or an external storage such as a cloud storage. In this case, the background image information indicates a numerical value such as an index number.
- the background image information can be expressed with a very small amount of data compared to the image, and the data amount of the background image information can be reduced. Further, the background image extraction may be performed at certain timings such as once every several seconds without being performed for each input image. According to this, it is possible to suppress that an image with little change such as a background image is frequently encoded and transmitted, and to reduce the data amount of the background image information.
- the background image extracted in step S111 is not a single image, and a plurality of images may be extracted as the background image in consideration of the depth in the input image. According to this, when performing an image reconstruction process to be described later using metadata, the depth state can be appropriately reproduced, and the quality of the reconstructed image can be improved.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining model analysis processing by the model analysis unit 120.
- the motion model analyzed in step S120 in FIG. 8 is a certain law in the image space.
- the certain rule is that, for example, in the input image, the deeper the object is, the smaller the object appears, or the motion vector of the object is always similar in a specific region.
- the model analysis unit 120 extracts a model related to motion that can be predicted from the environment as a motion model. Then, the model analysis unit 120 generates and outputs information indicating the motion model as motion model information.
- the model analysis unit 120 generates motion model information expressed using information such as an affine transformation matrix and a projective transformation matrix.
- the model analysis unit 120 may treat various matrices for expressing the motion model information as time component variables. That is, the model analysis unit 120 handles the speed or acceleration of an object on a certain road as a deformation component of the various matrices. As a result, when many of the cars on the road are moving at a constant speed, the motion model information is expressed by this speed, so that the speed can be adapted to a new object. . As a result, the data amount can be reduced.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing in detail the provisional code string generation process in step S130 of FIG.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 performs a basic code string generation process for generating a basic code string using the metadata acquired in step S110 (step S131). Subsequently, the temporary code generation unit 130 performs metadata estimation processing (step S132). In this metadata estimation process, the temporary code generation unit 130 estimates other metadata by performing temporal or spatial interpolation processing or the like from the metadata acquired in step S110. Thereby, the data amount of metadata can be reduced. Further, the provisional code generation unit 130 performs a correction parameter calculation process for calculating a parameter for correcting an error in the metadata obtained by the metadata estimation process in step S132 (hereinafter referred to as estimated metadata) (step S133). ). This calculated parameter is hereinafter referred to as a correction parameter.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing in detail the basic code string generation process in step S131 of FIG.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 adds the number information extracted in step S112 of FIG. 9 to an empty basic code string (step S131a).
- the provisional code generation unit 130 adds background image information for specifying the background image extracted in step S111 in FIG. 9 to the basic code string subjected to the process in step S131a (step S131b).
- the provisional code generation unit 130 associates the coordinate information of the object extracted in step S113 of FIG. 9 with the object ID that is the identifier of the object, and adds it to the basic code string that has been processed in step S131b. (Step S131c).
- the process in step S131c is performed for each object included in the input image.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 associates the vehicle type information of the object extracted in step S114 of FIG. 9 with the object ID that is the identifier of the object, and adds it to the basic code string that has been processed in step S131c. (Step S131d).
- the process in step S131d is performed for each object included in the input image.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 associates the size information of the object extracted in step S115 of FIG. 9 with the object ID that is the identifier of the object, and adds it to the basic code string that has been processed in step S131d. (Step S131e).
- the process in step S131e is performed for each object included in the input image.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 associates the representative image of the object extracted in step S116 of FIG. 9 with the object ID that is the identifier of the object, and adds it to the basic code string that has been processed in step S131e. (Step S131f).
- the process in step S131f is performed for each object included in the input image.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a basic code string generated by the processing in steps S131a to S131f in FIG.
- the basic code string includes number information, background image information, coordinate information associated with each object ID, size information, vehicle type information, and representative image as metadata. That is, in this basic code string, metadata corresponding to each type of at least one object is collectively arranged for each type of metadata hierarchized.
- the decoding device as the receiving device can acquire only the number information when it is desired to know the rough traffic volume on the road.
- the decoding device may acquire information from the number information to the vehicle type information when it is desired to know what kind of vehicle is running. That is, each type of metadata belonging to the hierarchy is collectively arranged in each hierarchy from the highest hierarchy to the fourth hierarchy in the basic code string. Accordingly, the scalability of the basic code string can be ensured.
- the information that can be acquired at each layer has a different amount of information, and the shallower the layer, the objects are expressed abstractly such as coordinate display and rectangular display.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 may not add background image information to the basic code string in step S131b.
- background image information exists in a basic code string in a temporally previous frame of an input image to be processed (hereinafter referred to as a processing target frame), and the background image information is also used in the processing target frame.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 may not add the background image information.
- the background image information is not added to the processing target frame, the background image in the previous frame is used as it is for the processing target frame when decoding the code information. As a result, the background image information can be reused, and the data amount of the code information can be reduced.
- the object size information, the vehicle type information, and the representative image may be added only when the information is changed. For example, even when there are (N + 1) objects in the processing target frame, only the (M + 1) objects out of those objects update any of the size information, the vehicle type information, and the representative image from the previous frame. Is done. In this case, the provisional code generation unit 130 adds (M + 1) pieces as “the number of updates of the object detailed information” to the basic code string. Then, the provisional code generation unit 130 adds the size information, vehicle type information, and representative image of these objects to the basic code string only for (M + 1) objects.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 estimates metadata in the processing target frame using metadata included in the basic code string of the frame before or after the processing target frame. For example, the metadata of the same object as the object included in the processing target frame exists in each basic code string of a plurality of frames before or after the processing target frame. In this case, the provisional code generation unit 130 estimates the metadata of the object included in the processing target frame by performing interpolation processing or extrapolation processing on the metadata existing in these basic code strings. In addition, the metadata of the same object described above may exist only in the basic code string of one frame. In this case, the provisional code generation unit 130 uses the motion model information obtained in step S120 of FIG.
- This spatially peripheral object is an object in the processing target frame.
- temporally neighboring objects are objects that are in frames whose decoding time or display time is different from the processing target frame.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a specific example of the metadata estimation process.
- the coordinate information of the object identified by the object ID “20” exists in the basic code strings of the 0th frame (frame 0) and the 100th frame (frame 100).
- the temporary code generation unit 130 estimates the coordinate information of the object with the object identifier “20” in the 50th frame (frame 50). That is, the temporary code generation unit 130 uses the coordinates (x0, y0) of the object in the 0th frame and the coordinates (x100, y100) of the object in the 100th frame. Then, the provisional code generation unit 130 estimates the coordinates (x′50, y′50) of the object with the object ID “20” in the 50th frame by interpolation processing such as linear interpolation using these coordinates.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 extracts corresponding points of the objects included in the frames using the SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) from the 0th frame and the 100th frame. To do. Note that the objects included in these frames are identified by the same object ID. Then, the temporary code generation unit 130 predicts how the structure in the image is deformed. The provisional code generation unit 130 estimates the representative image in the frame between the 0th and 100th frames using the image of the object in each of the 0th frame and the 100th frame based on the prediction result. At this time, when the corresponding point of the object is not found due to the occlusion area of the subject, the corresponding point may be estimated from the area where the corresponding point is found and the motion model information.
- SIFT Scale-Invariant Feature Transform
- the temporary code generation unit 130 estimates metadata.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing in detail the metadata estimation process in step S132 of FIG.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 determines whether or not the metadata extracted in step S110 in FIG. 8 exists in the basic code string of the frame for which the metadata is estimated, that is, the processing target frame (step S132a). ). If the provisional code generation unit 130 determines that the metadata extracted in the processing target frame does not exist (No in step S132a), the temporary code generation unit 130 uses the metadata in the frame before or after the processing target frame to use the metadata of the processing target frame. Data is estimated (step S132b). For example, the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts the metadata from each frame, for example, every odd frame without extracting the metadata from all the frames. At this time, the provisional code generation unit 130 determines that the extracted metadata does not exist in the basic code string of the even-numbered frame. Then, the temporary code generation unit 130 estimates the metadata of the even-numbered frame.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 determines whether to use the extracted metadata. (Step S132c). That is, the temporary code generation unit 130 determines whether or not estimated metadata may be used in the processing target frame.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 uses the extracted metadata. .
- the provisional code generation unit 130 determines that the estimated metadata can be used, that is, determines that the extracted metadata does not necessarily have to be used (No in step S132c)
- the temporary code generation unit 130 determines the metadata.
- Estimate step S132d). That is, the provisional code generation unit 130 searches for an estimation method such as an interpolation method for estimating metadata, and for estimating the metadata that most closely approximates the metadata extracted from the processing target frame. To do.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 performs a residual calculation process that calculates a difference between the estimated metadata and the metadata extracted from the processing target frame as a residual (step S132e). Thereafter, the temporary code generation unit 130 determines whether or not the calculated residual is equal to or less than a threshold value (step S132f). When the residual is larger than the threshold (No in S132f), the temporary code generation unit 130 searches for a metadata estimation method (step S132g). The provisional code generation unit 130 determines whether or not there is information related to the estimation method as a result of the search in step S132g (step S132h). The information related to the estimation method is information necessary for performing interpolation processing or estimation.
- the information related to the estimation method may be a mathematical expression used for interpolation, or may be an index assigned for each method such as linear interpolation or spline interpolation that is frequently used. Further, the information related to the estimation method may be motion model information indicating a change in the size of the object for each coordinate.
- the metadata itself may include the metadata itself, and information related to the estimation method for the metadata may be included as the metadata.
- step S132h When it is determined in step S132h that the information related to the estimation method exists (Yes in step S132h), the temporary code generation unit 130 adds information related to the estimation method to the basic code string (step S132i). Further, even when the provisional code generation unit 130 determines in step S132f that the residual is equal to or less than the threshold (Yes in step S132f), the provisional code generation unit 130 adds information on the estimation method obtained by the search in step S132d to the basic code string. (Step S132i). Here, when adding information related to the estimation method to the basic code string, the temporary code generation unit 130 deletes the metadata extracted from the processing target frame included in the basic code string.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 adds information on the estimation technique used for the estimation to the basic code string (step S132i).
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a basic code string to which information on an estimation method is added.
- information on an estimation method for coordinates and information on an estimation method for size are added to the basic code string.
- the information regarding these estimation methods indicates, for example, a coordinate or size interpolation method.
- the metadata of the 50th frame includes the basic code string of the 0th frame and the basic code of the 100th frame. Estimated based on metadata contained in each of the columns. The estimated metadata obtained by such estimation is added to the basic code string of the 50th frame.
- the metadata of the frame may be estimated for each frame, or the metadata may be estimated for a plurality of frames at once.
- the metadata close to the metadata of the frame can be estimated. Therefore, the quality of the estimated metadata can be improved.
- the metadata may be estimated for the plurality of frames at once.
- metadata can be estimated for a plurality of frames by one type of interpolation method such as linear interpolation.
- the metadata extraction unit 110 extracts metadata from only each of a plurality of frames having a number indicated by an integer multiple of 50. .
- the temporary code generation unit 130 uses the metadata extracted from the 0th frame and the 50th frame for the estimation in step S132b.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 performs linear interpolation on the coordinate information of the same object in each of the 0th frame and the 50th frame. Thereby, the provisional code generation unit 130 collectively estimates the metadata of each frame from the first frame to the 49th frame by the linear interpolation.
- the vehicle type information among a plurality of types of metadata of objects assigned with the same object ID is the same even if extracted from frames at different times. Therefore, it is not necessary to estimate this vehicle type information. According to this, since it is not necessary to search for information relating to the estimation method and add it to the basic code string, the data amount of the basic code string can be reduced, and the processing amount can also be reduced.
- step S132c the temporary code generation unit 130 extracts the metadata extracted from the processing target frame at a ratio of one frame with respect to the predetermined N frames (N is an integer of 2 or more). You may decide to use it.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 always uses the metadata extracted from the processing target frame when the image of the processing target frame greatly changes from the previous frame, such as when a scene change is performed from the processing target frame. Then, it may be determined.
- provisional code generation unit 130 uses the estimated metadata without using the metadata extracted from the processing target frame for any processing target frame without performing the determination in step S132c. May be. According to this, the data amount of the basic code string can be further reduced.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a metadata estimation method by interpolation.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 performs interpolation using the motion model information on the extracted metadata in step S132b or step S132d. That is, the provisional code generation unit 130 estimates metadata at times between these times from the metadata of the same object at different times.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 estimates metadata from time 1 to time 49 from the metadata at time 0 and time 50 of the object A.
- the metadata is coordinate information indicating, for example, two-dimensional coordinates.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 derives an interpolation curve from the coordinates of the object A at time 0 and the coordinates of the object A at time 50.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 divides the interpolation curve by the number of frames to be estimated.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 estimates the metadata indicated by the end of the small curve obtained by the division as metadata at the time corresponding to the end. For example, the temporary code generation unit 130 divides the interpolation curve at equal intervals.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 may estimate the metadata by spline interpolation using past metadata or the like.
- the information related to the estimation method is information necessary for realizing decoding by the decoding device, and is information related to the interpolation method.
- Information regarding this interpolation method is information specifying an interpolation method such as spline interpolation or linear interpolation, or control point information of a Bezier curve. According to this, it is possible to generate metadata at a plurality of times only by information relating to the estimation method indicated by a small amount of data. As a result, since the metadata is estimated, the metadata can be reduced and the encoding efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a metadata estimation method using only metadata of the same frame.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 estimates size information indicating the size (width) of the four types of metadata.
- the four types of metadata are coordinate x, coordinate y, size (width), and size (height).
- the temporary code generation unit 130 does not generate new metadata from the metadata included in the reference metadata group.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 estimates the estimation target metadata by selecting metadata similar to the estimation target metadata from the reference metadata group.
- the reference metadata group includes four types of metadata of each object included in the processing target frame.
- the estimation is performed from the same type of metadata as the estimation target metadata, the difference between the metadata obtained by the estimation and the estimation target metadata can be reduced.
- the information related to the estimation method may include only the object ID, the data amount of the basic code string can be further reduced, and the encoding efficiency can be improved.
- predetermined reference metadata may be added to the reference metadata group.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a reference metadata group to which predetermined reference metadata is added.
- the predetermined reference metadata includes an object ID of an object not included in the input image and four types of metadata of the object. These four types of metadata indicate predetermined specific values.
- the object ID “ ⁇ 1” is an identifier that is not given to the metadata object extracted from the input image.
- the specific value may be a fixed value such as 0, or may be a statistical value, average value, or median value of metadata. When the specific value is a fixed value, the encoding efficiency can be improved without increasing the processing amount in the encoding process.
- the specific value is a statistical value such as an average value
- the specific value is more adaptive than the fixed value, so that the coding efficiency can be further improved.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a metadata estimation method using the metadata of frames at different times.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 estimates size information indicating the size (height) of the time T among the four types of metadata. Specifically, the temporary code generation unit 130 does not generate new metadata from at least one metadata of the reference metadata group.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 estimates the estimation target metadata by selecting metadata similar to the estimation target metadata from the reference metadata group.
- the reference metadata group includes four types of metadata of each object included in each of the frames at time (T-2), time (T-1), and time (T + 1) other than time T.
- the provisional code generation unit 130 may search for metadata similar to the estimation target metadata “hQ” only from a plurality of metadata of the same type as the estimation target metadata.
- the error is reduced, and the encoding efficiency can be improved.
- the case where the times of both frames are close is, for example, a case where the time intervals indicated by the respective POCs of the processing target frame and the frame from which the estimated metadata is extracted are within a predetermined range. .
- time included in the information on the estimation method may be expressed as a difference value between the time of the processing target frame and the time of the frame from which the estimated metadata is extracted.
- the reference metadata group illustrated in FIG. 20 does not include the four types of metadata at time T, but may include the four types of metadata.
- the difference between the estimation target metadata and the estimation metadata can be further reduced, and the metadata can be estimated efficiently.
- time and object ID included in the information on the estimation method may be represented by one identifier when the number of objects included in the frame at each time is known. According to this, the number of dimensions of information relating to the estimation method can be reduced, and the amount of data can be reduced.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing in detail the correction parameter calculation process in step S133 of FIG.
- the temporary code generation unit 130 determines whether or not to use estimated metadata for the processing target frame (step S133a). If it is determined that the estimated metadata is not used (No in step S133a), the provisional code generation unit 130 ends the correction parameter calculation process. On the other hand, if the provisional code generation unit 130 determines that the estimated metadata is to be used (Yes in step S133a), for example, the provisional code generation unit 130 estimates the metadata using information on the estimation method. Then, the provisional code generation unit 130 compares the estimated metadata, which is the metadata obtained by the estimation, with the metadata extracted from the original image (processing target frame), and calculates a residual (step S133b). ).
- the provisional code generation unit 130 determines whether or not the residual is equal to or less than the threshold (step S133c). If the provisional code generation unit 130 determines that the value is equal to or less than the threshold value (Yes in step S133c), the correction parameter calculation process ends. On the other hand, when the provisional code generation unit 130 determines that the residual is larger than the threshold (No in step S133c), the provisional code generation unit 130 calculates a correction parameter for compensating for the residual (step S133d). Further, the temporary code generation unit 130 adds the calculated correction parameter to the temporary code string (step S133e). This correction parameter calculation processing is performed for each piece of metadata of the processing target frame. As a result, correction information including a plurality of correction parameters is added to the temporary code string.
- step S133c after it is determined in step S133c that the residual is larger than the threshold value, the processes in steps S132g and S132h may be performed in the same manner as the processes in and after step S132f in FIG. According to this, processing such as step S133a or step S133b can be reduced, and the processing amount at the time of encoding can be reduced.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the correction information generated by the processing of steps S133a to S133e in FIG.
- the correction information includes correction parameters for the metadata as many as the number of metadata to be corrected.
- the correction information includes the number of objects (number information) whose coordinate information is corrected, and correction parameters for each of the number of pieces of coordinate information.
- the correction information includes the number of objects whose number information is corrected (number information) and correction parameters for each of the number of pieces of size information.
- the correction information includes the number (number information) of objects whose representative images are corrected, and correction parameters for each of the representative images of that number. Since the correction information is correction information to the estimated metadata, the correction information is added to the temporary code string so as to be mainly given to the basic code string not including the metadata extracted from the input image.
- the provisional code string includes a basic code string to which information related to the estimation method illustrated in FIG. 16 is added and correction information illustrated in FIG. The correction information is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing in detail the image reconstruction process in step S140 of FIG.
- the image reconstruction unit 140 determines whether the metadata extracted from the processing target frame exists in the temporary code string of the processing target frame (step S141). If it is determined that metadata exists (Yes in step S141), the image reconstruction unit 140 determines metadata existing in the temporary code string as metadata used in the image reconstruction process (step S143). On the other hand, if it is determined that there is no metadata (No in step S141), the image reconstruction unit 140 generates estimated metadata using information regarding the estimation method included in the provisional code string (step S142). .
- the image reconstruction unit 140 determines whether or not a correction parameter for the estimated metadata exists in the temporary code string (step S144). If it is determined that the correction parameter exists in the temporary code string (Yes in step S144), the image reconstruction unit 140 corrects the estimated metadata using the correction parameter (step S145).
- the corrected estimated metadata is metadata used for image reconstruction processing. If it is determined in step S144 that no correction parameter exists in the temporary code string (No in step S144), the estimated metadata is metadata used for the image reconstruction process.
- the image reconstruction unit 140 performs an image reconstruction process, which is a process for reconstructing an input image, using the metadata present in the temporary code string, the corrected estimated metadata, or the estimated metadata (Ste S146).
- the image reconstruction unit 140 scales the representative image of the multiple types of metadata of the object to the size indicated by the size information of the multiple types of metadata with respect to the background image. To do.
- the image reconstruction unit 140 pastes the scaled representative image to the coordinates indicated by the coordinate information among the multiple types of metadata. By performing such pasting, that is, superposition on each object, the input image is reconstructed.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of code information generated by the code information generation process in step S160 of FIG.
- the code generation unit 160 generates and outputs code information including the temporary code string output from the temporary code generation unit 130 and the difference image generated by the difference image calculation process in step S150 of FIG.
- the provisional code string includes a basic code string including information on the estimation method and correction information.
- this code information may be generated for each frame or may be generated for each sequence.
- the encoding method in the present embodiment is an encoding method for encoding a moving image for each frame.
- a background image is extracted from a target frame (the processing target frame described above) included in a moving image.
- a plurality of types of metadata indicating the characteristics of the object are extracted from the target frame.
- a plurality of types of metadata are arranged hierarchically for each type. Then, code information including background image information for specifying the background image and meta information indicating a part or all of the metadata corresponding to the selected hierarchy from a plurality of types of metadata is generated.
- the type of metadata belonging to the first hierarchy is the coordinates of the object in the target frame
- the type of metadata belonging to the second hierarchy is the size of the object in the target frame
- the type of metadata belonging to the third hierarchy is the classification name of the subject displayed as an object in the target frame.
- These coordinates, size, and classification name are the types of metadata indicating the characteristics of the object. That is, the coordinates of the object in the target frame are represented by the coordinate metadata, and the size of the object at the coordinates is represented by the size metadata. Further, the form of the object adjusted to the size indicated by the metadata of the size at the coordinates indicated by the metadata of the coordinates is expressed by the metadata of the classification name such as the vehicle type, for example.
- the generated code information includes background image information and meta information indicating a part or all of the metadata corresponding to the selected hierarchy from a plurality of types of metadata. Therefore, when receiving the code information, the decoding apparatus, which is a receiving apparatus, specifies a background image based on the background image information included in the code information, and derives one or more types of metadata based on the meta information. Then, the decoding device superimposes an object represented by one or more types of metadata on the specified background image. The superimposition of the object is performed on each of at least one object. As a result, a decoded image close to the target frame can be generated, and the data amount of the code information can be suppressed.
- a plurality of types of metadata are arranged hierarchically for each type. That is, for each type of metadata, metadata corresponding to each type of at least one object is collectively arranged. For example, metadata corresponding to each coordinate of at least one object is collectively arranged, and metadata corresponding to each size of at least one object is collectively arranged. Further, metadata corresponding to the classification name of each subject of at least one object is arranged together. In this way, a plurality of types of metadata are configured in a scalable manner.
- the decoding device can generate a decoded image in which only the coordinates of the object are expressed in the background image.
- the type belonging to the hierarchy according to the level requested by the decoding device is a size
- only metadata corresponding to the coordinates and size of at least one object can be easily transmitted together.
- the decoding device can generate a decoded image in which only the coordinates and size of the object are expressed in the background image. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform video analysis according to the request of each decoding device (receiving device), and the processing load can be reduced. In addition, since it is not necessary to transmit all of a plurality of types of metadata according to the level requested by the decoding device, the data amount of information to be transmitted can be further suppressed.
- the code information transmitted according to the communication environment between the transmission device and the reception device or the demand of the receiver is possible to change the contents of. That is, it is possible to generate moving image code information indicating metadata whose display form can be switched. Thereby, the user can switch the display form according to the contents to be seen from a plurality of types of metadata.
- the plurality of types of metadata further includes the total number of objects included in the target frame.
- the total number of objects is included in the plural types of metadata as the number information.
- the estimation target metadata that is any kind of metadata among the plurality of kinds of extracted metadata is further converted into any one of the plurality of estimation methods. Estimate using an estimation method.
- code information including information regarding the estimation technique used for estimating the estimation target metadata is generated as meta information. For example, as shown in FIG. 14 or FIG. 17, in estimation of the estimation target metadata, interpolation or extrapolation is performed on the coordinates of the same object in each of at least one reference frame included in the moving image. The coordinates that are the estimation target metadata are estimated.
- the reference frame is a frame that precedes or follows the target frame (input image) in display order or encoding order.
- motion model information indicating a change in the spatial position and size of an object in a moving image is generated. Then, based on the above interpolation or extrapolation and motion model information, for example, as shown in FIG. 14 and the like, the coordinates that are estimation target metadata and other types of metadata among a plurality of types of metadata. Estimate a certain size.
- the data amount of the information regarding the estimation method can be smaller than the metadata, and as a result, the data amount of the code information can be reduced. It can be further suppressed.
- the residual between the estimated metadata obtained by estimating the estimation target metadata and the estimation target metadata is not more than a predetermined threshold value. It is determined whether or not. When it is determined that the value is not equal to or less than the predetermined threshold value, a correction parameter for compensating for the residual is included in the code information.
- the correction parameter is included in the code information, even if the residual between the estimated metadata and the estimation target metadata is large, the estimation metadata can be corrected so as to be close to the estimation target metadata. .
- a reconstructed image is generated by reconstructing the target frame based on the background image information and the meta information, and the difference between the target frame and the reconstructed image is indicated.
- the difference image is included in the code information.
- Such a reconstructed image is generated as shown in FIG. 23, for example. More specifically, in the generation of the reconstructed image, the coordinates of the object are specified by the metadata belonging to the first hierarchy, and the size of the object is specified by the metadata belonging to the second hierarchy. Further, the related image associated with the classification name of the subject is specified by the metadata belonging to the third hierarchy, and the background image is specified by the background image information. In step S146 of FIG. 23, a reconstructed image is generated by superimposing the specified related image having the specified size on the specified coordinates of the specified background image.
- the related image is acquired from the server via the network, for example.
- a related image indicating a vehicle form associated with a classification name such as a vehicle type can be easily obtained, and an appropriate reconstructed image can be generated.
- the difference information is included in the code information so that the input image can be finally restored from the code information, but the difference image or the like is not included in the code information. May be. That is, only the metadata (meta information) is included in the code information, and the input image may not be restored from the code information.
- the encoding apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment has only metadata (meta information) when the user of the encoding apparatus 100 does not request that the input image be restored from the encoding information.
- the included code information is generated. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the processing amount in the encoding apparatus 100 and the data amount of the generated code information.
- the code generation unit 160 of the encoding device 100 may further reduce the data amount of the code information by compressing the code information.
- the code generation unit 160 compresses information such as metadata by a lossless compression process such as entropy coding.
- the encoding apparatus 100 may compress the difference image by a general image compression method. Further, the encoding apparatus 100 may compress each piece of information included in the code information by a compression method that matches the information. Thereby, the data amount of code information can be reduced appropriately.
- a basic code string is generated for each frame that is an input image, but a basic code string may be generated only for a frame from which metadata is extracted. In this case, information regarding the estimation method for the frame from which metadata has not been extracted is added to the basic code string of the frame from which metadata has been extracted.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the decoding apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the decoding apparatus 200 generates a decoded image by decoding the code information shown in FIG. 24 generated by the encoding apparatus 100. In addition, when there is code information for each frame by encoding the moving image, the decoding apparatus 200 generates a decoded moving image by decoding the code information.
- Such a decoding apparatus 200 includes a metadata restoration unit 210 that restores metadata from code information, and a decoded image generation unit 220 that generates a decoded image using the restored metadata.
- FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing the overall processing operation of the decoding apparatus 200.
- the metadata restoration unit 210 performs a metadata restoration process for restoring metadata in each frame from a bitstream generated by encoding one or more still images or moving images (step S210).
- the bit stream includes one or more code information of the first embodiment.
- the decoded image generation unit 220 performs a decoded image generation process for generating a decoded image according to the restored metadata (step S220).
- the decoding device 200 may not receive all of the code information shown in FIG. According to this, the decoding device 200 can switch the display form according to the stage (hierarchy) of the received information. That is, the decoding apparatus 200 only needs to receive information up to a necessary stage. In addition, when only information necessary for the decoding device 200 is transmitted to the decoding device 200 among the code information, the data amount of the transmitted information can be reduced.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing in detail the metadata restoration process in step S210 of FIG.
- the metadata restoration unit 210 determines whether metadata exists in the basic code string in the processing target frame included in the received code information (step S211). Here, if it is determined that there is no metadata in the basic code string (No in step S211), the metadata restoration unit 210 determines the metadata in the processing target frame based on the information on the estimation method included in the basic code string. Is estimated (step S212). That is, the metadata restoration unit 210 generates estimated metadata. In other words, the metadata restoration unit 210 derives one or more types of metadata arranged hierarchically for each type, indicating the characteristics of the object included in the processing target frame from the meta information included in the code information. . Note that the processing in step S212 is the same processing as step S142 in FIG.
- the metadata restoration unit 210 determines whether or not a correction parameter corresponding to the estimated metadata exists in the received code information (step S213). If it is determined that the correction parameter exists (Yes in step S213), the metadata restoration unit 210 corrects the estimated metadata using the correction parameter (step S214).
- the metadata restoration unit 210 sets the estimated metadata generated in step S212 or the estimated metadata corrected in step S214 as metadata used in the image reconstruction process of the processing target frame (step S215). ). Thereby, the metadata is restored from the meta information included in the code information (specifically, the basic code string) as information on the estimation method. If it is determined in step S211 that metadata exists in the code information (Yes in step S211), the metadata included in the code information is the image of the processing target frame without restoring the metadata. It is set as metadata used for the reconstruction process.
- the metadata restoration unit 210 determines whether or not a difference image related to the processing target frame exists in the received code information (step S217). If it is determined that a difference image exists (Yes in step S217), the metadata restoration unit 210 stores the difference image in a memory in the decoding device 200 for use in the image reconstruction process (step S218).
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of a metadata group of the processing target frame restored by the processing in steps S211 to S218 in FIG.
- this metadata group includes the number information, background image information, coordinate information, size information, vehicle type information, and representative image associated with each object ID as metadata. Including.
- metadata corresponding to each type of at least one object is collectively arranged in the metadata group for each type of metadata layered. Yes.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart showing in detail the decoded image generation processing in step S220 of FIG.
- the decoded image generation unit 220 determines whether each piece of metadata from the head unit number information to the coordinate information exists in the restored metadata group for each processing target frame (step S221a). If it is determined that there is no coordinate information (No in step S221), the decoded image generation unit 220 generates a decoded image in which the number of pieces is presented (step S221b). On the other hand, if it is determined that coordinate information exists (Yes in step S221), the decoded image generation unit 220 further determines whether size information is included in the metadata group (step S222a).
- the decoded image generation unit 220 uses the background image and the metadata up to the coordinate information, for example, as shown in FIG. A decoded image indicating the coordinates of the object is generated (step S222b). On the other hand, if it is determined that size information is included (Yes in step S222a), the decoded image generation unit 220 determines whether vehicle type information is included in the metadata group (step S223a).
- step S223a If it is determined that the vehicle type information is not included (No in step S223a), the decoded image generation unit 220 uses the background image and the metadata up to the size information, for example, as shown in FIG. Then, a decoded image indicating the size of the object is generated (step S223b). On the other hand, if it is determined that the vehicle type information is included (Yes in S223a), the decoded image generation unit 220 determines whether a representative image is included in the metadata group (step S224a). If it is determined that the representative image is not included (No in step S224a), the decoded image generation unit 220 uses the background image and the metadata up to the vehicle type information, for example, as shown in FIG. A decoded image indicating the vehicle type of the object is generated (step S224b).
- the decoded image generation unit 220 determines whether a difference image exists in the memory (step S225). If it is determined that a difference image exists (Yes in step S225), the decoded image generation unit 220 generates a decoded image using the background image, the difference image, and metadata up to the representative image (Ste S227). On the other hand, if it is determined that there is no difference image (No in step S225), the decoded image generation unit 220 generates a decoded image using the background image and the metadata up to the representative image (step S226).
- the decoded image generation unit 220 can use the background image, the number of objects (number information), and coordinate information. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the decoded image generation unit 220 generates a decoded image in which the coordinates of the object are indicated by a mark or the like on the background image. This makes it possible to visualize the details of the degree of congestion on the road (such as which lane is crowded) using the coordinate information, and generate a decoded image that is closer to reality than the decoded image in which only the number information is presented can do.
- the decoded image generation unit 220 can also use object size information. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the decoded image generation unit 220 generates a decoded image by superimposing a graphic having a size indicated by the size information on the coordinates of the object on the background image. At this time, the decoded image generation unit 220 superimposes the graphic so that the center of the graphic coincides with the coordinates indicated by the coordinate information, for example. Thus, it can be visually estimated from the size of the figure in the decoded image whether the congestion on the road is caused by a large vehicle such as a truck or a small passenger vehicle such as a light vehicle. Will be possible.
- the decoded image generation unit 220 can also use the vehicle type information of the object. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the decoded image generation unit 220 performs decoding by superimposing a figure specified by the vehicle type information having a size indicated by the size information on the coordinates of the object on the background image. Generate an image. By displaying such a decoded image, a user who sees the decoded image can recognize the form of the car traveling on the road, although it is not accurate. At this time, the figure based on the vehicle type indicated by the vehicle type information does not have to coincide with the image of the vehicle that is actually traveling, and may be a figure (or image) close to the image.
- the decoding device 200 stores the images of the vehicles of the vehicle types indicated by the vehicle type information even once. Then, when the vehicle type information is included in the metadata group, the decoded image generation unit 220 selects a vehicle image of the vehicle type indicated by the vehicle type information from a plurality of stored images, and decodes it. Used for image generation. Alternatively, the decoded image generation unit 220 may acquire an image associated with the vehicle type indicated by the vehicle type information from an external storage such as a cloud storage as a related image and use it for generation of a decoded image. That is, the decoded image generation unit 220 acquires a related image from the server via the network.
- an external storage such as a cloud storage
- the decoding device 200 or the external storage may store a vehicle image of the vehicle type indicated by the vehicle information for each traveling direction or size of the vehicle.
- a single image common to each traveling direction and size may be stored.
- the decoded image generation unit 220 deforms the common image according to the traveling direction or size, and uses the deformed image for generation of a decoded image.
- the quality of the reconstructed image can be improved.
- the number of images to be stored can be reduced, so that the amount of information to be stored can be reduced.
- the decoded image generation unit 220 may change the shape or color of the figure for each vehicle type indicated by the vehicle type information regardless of the actual form of the vehicle type.
- the decoded image generation unit 220 can also use a representative image of the object. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the decoded image generation unit 220 generates a decoded image by superimposing a representative image having a size indicated by the size information on the coordinates of the object on the background image. When this decoded image is displayed, the user who sees it can more appropriately recognize the congestion situation on the road or the car that is running.
- a decoded image may be generated using the motion model information in steps S222b, S223b, S224b, and S226. Thereby, the quality of the decoded image may be improved.
- step S222b when reconstructing a processing target frame using coordinate information, that is, when generating a decoded image, the decoded image generation unit 220 uses motion model information.
- This motion model information is information indicating that the size of the object changes according to coordinates such that the object becomes smaller toward the back of the image.
- the decoded image generation unit 220 uses the motion model information together with the coordinate information to generate a decoded image including rectangular images having different sizes according to the coordinates as illustrated in FIG.
- an encoding device transmits an image and coordinate information obtained by performing face detection from the image, and a decoding device indicates a face region at coordinates indicated by the coordinate information on the image. Display a rectangular frame.
- the encoding device needs to transmit four types of metadata (coordinate x, coordinate y, width, height) indicating coordinate information and face size (size information).
- metadata coordinate x, coordinate y, width, height
- face size size information
- the encoding device When transmitting information indicating such a motion model, that is, motion model information, the encoding device once transmits the above-described four types of metadata in a predetermined face area, and thereafter, for the face area, Only coordinate information that is two types of metadata need be transmitted. In this case, the decoding apparatus calculates the size (width and height) of the face area based on the coordinate information and the motion model information. Thereby, the data amount of the code
- the metadata to be transmitted can be limited to the coordinate information.
- a further reduction in the amount of code information can be realized.
- FIG. 7 when a figure such as a square is displayed, the color of the figure is colored according to other metadata such as congestion or information that can be estimated from the metadata. You may display.
- the decoding method in the present embodiment is a decoding method for decoding an encoded moving image for each piece of code information corresponding to a frame.
- the background image of the target frame (the processing target frame described above) is specified from the background image information included in the code information.
- the characteristics of one object included in the target frame are shown, and one or more types of metadata arranged hierarchically for each type are derived.
- the one or more types of metadata are, for example, the above-described metadata group. That is, specifically, as described above, one or more types of metadata are derived by the metadata restoration unit 210 restoring the metadata group.
- a decoded image is generated by superimposing one object expressed by one or more types of metadata on the specified background image.
- the metadata indicates characteristics of the object for each of at least one object included in the target frame.
- the type belonging to the first layer is the coordinates of the object in the target frame
- the type belonging to the second layer is the size of the object in the target frame.
- the type belonging to the third layer in the code information is a classification name of the subject displayed as an object in the target frame.
- the decoded image is generated by superimposing objects having different abstractions for each metadata hierarchy on the background image.
- the meta information further includes the total number of objects included in the target frame.
- the metadata is derived by estimating the metadata using information on the estimation method included as the meta information.
- the coordinates that are the metadata are estimated by performing interpolation or extrapolation on the coordinates of the same object in each of at least one reference frame included in the encoded moving image.
- motion model information indicating a change in the spatial position and size of an object in the encoded moving image is extracted from the code information. Then, based on the interpolation or extrapolation and the motion model information, the coordinate that is the metadata and the size that is the other type of metadata among the one or more types of metadata are estimated.
- the metadata is derived by correcting the estimated metadata obtained by the above based on the correction parameter.
- a difference image exists in the code information.
- a reconstructed image is generated by superimposing at least one object on the background image, and the decoded image is generated by adding the difference image to the reconstructed image.
- the coordinates of the object are specified by the metadata belonging to the first hierarchy, and the size of the object is specified by the metadata belonging to the second hierarchy.
- the related image associated with the classification name of the subject is specified by the metadata belonging to the third hierarchy, and the background image is specified by the background image information. Then, the reconstructed image is generated by superimposing the specified related image having the specified size on the specified coordinates in the specified background image.
- the related image is acquired from the server via the network, for example.
- a related image indicating a vehicle form associated with a classification name such as a vehicle type can be easily obtained, and an appropriate reconstructed image can be generated.
- the present embodiment it is possible to decode code information including meta information (metadata).
- the form of the object displayed in the decoded image can be switched according to the content of the received code information.
- the amount of code information related to metadata can be reduced by interpolation processing between metadata.
- objects can be changed to various display modes according to metadata or user demand. Thereby, it becomes possible to appropriately display information that the user wants to know.
- the motion model information does not need to be included in the code information.
- the decoding device 200 may acquire parameters related to motion model information from the outside.
- motion model information regarding the moving image may be set in the decoding device 200 in advance. According to this, since the motion model information is not included in the code information, the data amount of the code information can be reduced.
- the encoding method and the encoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention are also realized by the processing illustrated in FIG. 30A and the configuration illustrated in FIG. 30B.
- FIG. 30A is a flowchart illustrating an encoding method according to an aspect of the present invention.
- the encoding method is an encoding method for encoding a moving image for each frame, and includes steps S11 to S14 as shown in FIG. 30A.
- step S11 a background image is extracted from the target frame included in the moving image.
- step S12 for each of at least one object included in the target frame, a plurality of types of metadata indicating the characteristics of the object are extracted from the target frame.
- step S13 the plurality of types of metadata are arranged hierarchically for each type.
- code information including background image information for specifying the background image, and meta information indicating some or all of the metadata corresponding to the selected hierarchy from the plurality of types of metadata. Is generated.
- FIG. 30B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an encoding device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- An encoding apparatus 10 is an encoding apparatus that encodes a moving image for each frame, and includes a background extraction unit 11, a metadata extraction unit 12, an arrangement unit 13, and code information generation. Part 14.
- the background extraction unit 11 extracts a background image from the processing target frame included in the moving image.
- the metadata extraction unit 12 extracts, for each of at least one object included in the target frame, a plurality of types of metadata indicating the characteristics of the object from the target frame.
- the arrangement unit 13 arranges the plurality of types of metadata hierarchically for each type.
- the code information generation unit 13 includes background image information for specifying a background image, and meta information indicating some or all of the metadata corresponding to the selected hierarchy from among the plurality of types of metadata. Code information is generated.
- decoding method and the decoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention are also realized by the processing illustrated in FIG. 31A and the configuration illustrated in FIG. 31B.
- FIG. 31A is a flowchart illustrating a decoding method according to an aspect of the present invention.
- the decoding method is a decoding method for decoding an encoded moving image for each piece of code information corresponding to a frame, and includes steps S21 to S23.
- step S21 the background image of the target frame is specified from the background image information included in the code information.
- step S22 the feature of one object included in the target frame is indicated from the meta information included in the code information, and one or more types of metadata arranged hierarchically for each type are derived.
- a decoded image is generated by superimposing the one object represented by one or more types of metadata on the specified background image.
- the metadata indicates characteristics of the object for each of at least one object included in the target frame.
- FIG. 31B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a decoding device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- a decoding device 20 is a decoding device that decodes an encoded moving image for each piece of code information corresponding to a frame, and includes a background specifying unit 21, a metadata deriving unit 22, and a generating unit 23.
- the background specifying unit 21 specifies the background image of the target frame from the background image information included in the code information.
- the metadata deriving unit 22 represents the characteristics of one object included in the target frame from the meta information included in the code information, and derives one or more types of metadata arranged hierarchically for each type.
- the generation unit 23 generates a decoded image by superimposing the one object represented by the one or more types of metadata on the specified background image.
- the metadata indicates the characteristics of the object for each of at least one object included in the target frame.
- the present invention may be realized as a content distribution method or a content distribution system for distributing content subjected to the above encoding method. That is, the content distribution system and the content distribution method receive a content distribution request, and transmit the content subjected to the encoding method based on the distribution request.
- each processing unit included in the encoding device and the decoding device according to the above embodiment is typically realized as an LSI which is an integrated circuit. These may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip so as to include a part or all of them.
- circuits are not limited to LSI, and may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor.
- An FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connection and setting of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.
- each component may be configured by dedicated hardware or may be realized by executing a software program suitable for each component.
- Each component may be realized by a program execution unit such as a CPU or a processor reading and executing a software program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- the encoding device and the decoding device include a processing circuit and a storage device (storage) that is electrically connected to the processing circuit (accessible from the control circuit).
- the processing circuit includes at least one of dedicated hardware and a program execution unit. Further, when the processing circuit includes a program execution unit, the storage device stores a software program executed by the program execution unit. The processing circuit uses the storage device to execute the encoding method or the decoding method according to the above embodiment.
- the present invention may be the software program or a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- the program can be distributed via a transmission medium such as the Internet.
- division of functional blocks in the block diagram is an example, and a plurality of functional blocks can be realized as one functional block, a single functional block can be divided into a plurality of functions, or some functions can be transferred to other functional blocks. May be.
- functions of a plurality of functional blocks having similar functions may be processed in parallel or time-division by a single hardware or software.
- the order in which the steps included in the above encoding method or decoding method are executed is for illustrating the present invention specifically, and may be in an order other than the above. Also, some of the above steps may be executed simultaneously (in parallel) with other steps.
- the storage medium may be any medium that can record a program, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, an IC card, and a semiconductor memory.
- the system has an image encoding / decoding device including an image encoding device using an image encoding method and an image decoding device using an image decoding method.
- image encoding / decoding device including an image encoding device using an image encoding method and an image decoding device using an image decoding method.
- Other configurations in the system can be appropriately changed according to circumstances.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a content supply system ex100 that realizes a content distribution service.
- a communication service providing area is divided into desired sizes, and base stations ex106, ex107, ex108, ex109, and ex110, which are fixed wireless stations, are installed in each cell.
- the content supply system ex100 includes a computer ex111, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) ex112, a camera ex113, a mobile phone ex114, a game machine ex115 via the Internet ex101, the Internet service provider ex102, the telephone network ex104, and the base stations ex106 to ex110. Etc. are connected.
- PDA Personal Digital Assistant
- each device may be directly connected to the telephone network ex104 without going from the base station ex106, which is a fixed wireless station, to ex110.
- the devices may be directly connected to each other via short-range wireless or the like.
- the camera ex113 is a device that can shoot moving images such as a digital video camera
- the camera ex116 is a device that can shoot still images and movies such as a digital camera.
- the mobile phone ex114 is a GSM (registered trademark) (Global System for Mobile Communications) system, a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system, a W-CDMA (Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access) system, or an LTE (Long Terminal Term Evolution). It is possible to use any of the above-mentioned systems, HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) mobile phone, PHS (Personal Handyphone System), or the like.
- the camera ex113 and the like are connected to the streaming server ex103 through the base station ex109 and the telephone network ex104, thereby enabling live distribution and the like.
- live distribution content that is shot by a user using the camera ex113 (for example, music live video) is encoded as described in each of the above embodiments (that is, in one aspect of the present invention).
- the streaming server ex103 stream-distributes the content data transmitted to the requested client. Examples of the client include a computer ex111, a PDA ex112, a camera ex113, a mobile phone ex114, and a game machine ex115 that can decode the encoded data.
- Each device that receives the distributed data decodes the received data and reproduces it (that is, functions as an image decoding device according to one embodiment of the present invention).
- the captured data may be encoded by the camera ex113, the streaming server ex103 that performs data transmission processing, or may be shared with each other.
- the decryption processing of the distributed data may be performed by the client, the streaming server ex103, or may be performed in common with each other.
- still images and / or moving image data captured by the camera ex116 may be transmitted to the streaming server ex103 via the computer ex111.
- the encoding process in this case may be performed by any of the camera ex116, the computer ex111, and the streaming server ex103, or may be performed in a shared manner.
- these encoding / decoding processes are generally performed in the computer ex111 and the LSI ex500 included in each device.
- the LSI ex500 may be configured as a single chip or a plurality of chips.
- moving image encoding / decoding software is incorporated into some recording medium (CD-ROM, flexible disk, hard disk, etc.) that can be read by the computer ex111, etc., and encoding / decoding processing is performed using the software. May be.
- moving image data acquired by the camera may be transmitted.
- the moving image data at this time is data encoded by the LSI ex500 included in the mobile phone ex114.
- the streaming server ex103 may be a plurality of servers or a plurality of computers, and may process, record, and distribute data in a distributed manner.
- the encoded data can be received and reproduced by the client.
- the information transmitted by the user can be received, decrypted and reproduced by the client in real time, and personal broadcasting can be realized even for a user who does not have special rights or facilities.
- the digital broadcast system ex200 also includes at least the moving image encoding device (image encoding device) or the moving image decoding according to each of the above embodiments. Any of the devices (image decoding devices) can be incorporated.
- the broadcast station ex201 multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing music data and the like on video data is transmitted to a communication or satellite ex202 via radio waves.
- This video data is data encoded by the moving image encoding method described in each of the above embodiments (that is, data encoded by the image encoding apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention).
- the broadcasting satellite ex202 transmits a radio wave for broadcasting, and this radio wave is received by a home antenna ex204 capable of receiving satellite broadcasting.
- the received multiplexed data is decoded and reproduced by an apparatus such as the television (receiver) ex300 or the set top box (STB) ex217 (that is, functions as an image decoding apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention).
- a reader / recorder ex218 that reads and decodes multiplexed data recorded on a recording medium ex215 such as a DVD or a BD, or encodes a video signal on the recording medium ex215 and, in some cases, multiplexes and writes it with a music signal. It is possible to mount the moving picture decoding apparatus or moving picture encoding apparatus described in the above embodiments. In this case, the reproduced video signal is displayed on the monitor ex219, and the video signal can be reproduced in another device or system using the recording medium ex215 on which the multiplexed data is recorded.
- a moving picture decoding apparatus may be mounted in a set-top box ex217 connected to a cable ex203 for cable television or an antenna ex204 for satellite / terrestrial broadcasting and displayed on the monitor ex219 of the television.
- the moving picture decoding apparatus may be incorporated in the television instead of the set top box.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a television (receiver) ex300 that uses the video decoding method and the video encoding method described in each of the above embodiments.
- the television ex300 obtains or outputs multiplexed data in which audio data is multiplexed with video data via the antenna ex204 or the cable ex203 that receives the broadcast, and demodulates the received multiplexed data.
- the modulation / demodulation unit ex302 that modulates multiplexed data to be transmitted to the outside, and the demodulated multiplexed data is separated into video data and audio data, or the video data and audio data encoded by the signal processing unit ex306 Is provided with a multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex303.
- the television ex300 also decodes the audio data and the video data, or encodes the information, the audio signal processing unit ex304, the video signal processing unit ex305 (the image encoding device or the image according to one embodiment of the present invention) A signal processing unit ex306 that functions as a decoding device), a speaker ex307 that outputs the decoded audio signal, and an output unit ex309 that includes a display unit ex308 such as a display that displays the decoded video signal. Furthermore, the television ex300 includes an interface unit ex317 including an operation input unit ex312 that receives an input of a user operation. Furthermore, the television ex300 includes a control unit ex310 that performs overall control of each unit, and a power supply circuit unit ex311 that supplies power to each unit.
- the interface unit ex317 includes a bridge unit ex313 connected to an external device such as a reader / recorder ex218, a recording unit ex216 such as an SD card, and an external recording unit such as a hard disk.
- a driver ex315 for connecting to a medium, a modem ex316 for connecting to a telephone network, and the like may be included.
- the recording medium ex216 is capable of electrically recording information by using a nonvolatile / volatile semiconductor memory element to be stored.
- Each part of the television ex300 is connected to each other via a synchronous bus.
- the television ex300 receives a user operation from the remote controller ex220 or the like, and demultiplexes the multiplexed data demodulated by the modulation / demodulation unit ex302 by the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex303 based on the control of the control unit ex310 having a CPU or the like. Furthermore, in the television ex300, the separated audio data is decoded by the audio signal processing unit ex304, and the separated video data is decoded by the video signal processing unit ex305 using the decoding method described in each of the above embodiments.
- the decoded audio signal and video signal are output from the output unit ex309 to the outside. At the time of output, these signals may be temporarily stored in the buffers ex318, ex319, etc. so that the audio signal and the video signal are reproduced in synchronization. Also, the television ex300 may read multiplexed data from recording media ex215 and ex216 such as a magnetic / optical disk and an SD card, not from broadcasting. Next, a configuration in which the television ex300 encodes an audio signal or a video signal and transmits the signal to the outside or to a recording medium will be described.
- the television ex300 receives a user operation from the remote controller ex220 and the like, encodes an audio signal with the audio signal processing unit ex304, and converts the video signal with the video signal processing unit ex305 based on the control of the control unit ex310. Encoding is performed using the encoding method described in (1).
- the encoded audio signal and video signal are multiplexed by the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex303 and output to the outside. When multiplexing, these signals may be temporarily stored in the buffers ex320, ex321, etc. so that the audio signal and the video signal are synchronized.
- a plurality of buffers ex318, ex319, ex320, and ex321 may be provided as illustrated, or one or more buffers may be shared. Further, in addition to the illustrated example, data may be stored in the buffer as a buffer material that prevents system overflow and underflow, for example, between the modulation / demodulation unit ex302 and the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex303.
- the television ex300 has a configuration for receiving AV input of a microphone and a camera, and performs encoding processing on the data acquired from them. Also good.
- the television ex300 has been described as a configuration capable of the above-described encoding processing, multiplexing, and external output, but these processing cannot be performed, and only the above-described reception, decoding processing, and external output are possible. It may be a configuration.
- the decoding process or the encoding process may be performed by either the television ex300 or the reader / recorder ex218,
- the reader / recorder ex218 may share with each other.
- FIG. 35 shows the configuration of the information reproducing / recording unit ex400 when data is read from or written to the optical disk.
- the information reproducing / recording unit ex400 includes elements ex401, ex402, ex403, ex404, ex405, ex406, and ex407 described below.
- the optical head ex401 irradiates a laser spot on the recording surface of the recording medium ex215 that is an optical disk to write information, and detects information reflected from the recording surface of the recording medium ex215 to read the information.
- the modulation recording unit ex402 electrically drives a semiconductor laser built in the optical head ex401 and modulates the laser beam according to the recording data.
- the reproduction demodulator ex403 amplifies the reproduction signal obtained by electrically detecting the reflected light from the recording surface by the photodetector built in the optical head ex401, separates and demodulates the signal component recorded on the recording medium ex215, and is necessary To play back information.
- the buffer ex404 temporarily holds information to be recorded on the recording medium ex215 and information reproduced from the recording medium ex215.
- the disk motor ex405 rotates the recording medium ex215.
- the servo control unit ex406 moves the optical head ex401 to a predetermined information track while controlling the rotational drive of the disk motor ex405, and performs a laser spot tracking process.
- the system control unit ex407 controls the entire information reproduction / recording unit ex400.
- the system control unit ex407 uses various types of information held in the buffer ex404, and generates and adds new information as necessary.
- the modulation recording unit ex402, the reproduction demodulation unit This is realized by recording / reproducing information through the optical head ex401 while operating the ex403 and the servo control unit ex406 in a coordinated manner.
- the system control unit ex407 includes, for example, a microprocessor, and executes these processes by executing a read / write program.
- the optical head ex401 has been described as irradiating a laser spot.
- a configuration in which higher-density recording is performed using near-field light may be used.
- FIG. 36 shows a schematic diagram of a recording medium ex215 that is an optical disk.
- Guide grooves grooves
- address information indicating the absolute position on the disc is recorded in advance on the information track ex230 by changing the shape of the groove.
- This address information includes information for specifying the position of the recording block ex231 that is a unit for recording data, and the recording block is specified by reproducing the information track ex230 and reading the address information in a recording or reproducing apparatus.
- the recording medium ex215 includes a data recording area ex233, an inner peripheral area ex232, and an outer peripheral area ex234.
- the area used for recording user data is the data recording area ex233, and the inner circumference area ex232 and the outer circumference area ex234 arranged on the inner or outer circumference of the data recording area ex233 are used for specific purposes other than user data recording. Used.
- the information reproducing / recording unit ex400 reads / writes encoded audio data, video data, or multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing these data with respect to the data recording area ex233 of the recording medium ex215.
- an optical disk such as a single-layer DVD or BD has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to these, and an optical disk having a multilayer structure and capable of recording other than the surface may be used.
- an optical disc with a multi-dimensional recording / reproducing structure such as recording information using light of different wavelengths in the same place on the disc, or recording different layers of information from various angles. It may be.
- the car ex210 having the antenna ex205 can receive data from the satellite ex202 and the like, and the moving image can be reproduced on a display device such as the car navigation ex211 that the car ex210 has.
- the configuration of the car navigation ex211 may be, for example, a configuration in which a GPS receiving unit is added in the configuration illustrated in FIG. 34, and the same may be considered for the computer ex111, the mobile phone ex114, and the like.
- FIG. 37A is a diagram showing the mobile phone ex114 using the moving picture decoding method and the moving picture encoding method described in the above embodiment.
- the mobile phone ex114 includes an antenna ex350 for transmitting and receiving radio waves to and from the base station ex110, a camera unit ex365 capable of capturing video and still images, a video captured by the camera unit ex365, a video received by the antenna ex350, and the like Is provided with a display unit ex358 such as a liquid crystal display for displaying the decrypted data.
- the mobile phone ex114 further includes a main body unit having an operation key unit ex366, an audio output unit ex357 such as a speaker for outputting audio, an audio input unit ex356 such as a microphone for inputting audio, a captured video,
- an audio input unit ex356 such as a microphone for inputting audio
- a captured video In the memory unit ex367 for storing encoded data or decoded data such as still images, recorded audio, received video, still images, mails, or the like, or an interface unit with a recording medium for storing data
- a slot ex364 is provided.
- the mobile phone ex114 has a power supply circuit part ex361, an operation input control part ex362, and a video signal processing part ex355 with respect to a main control part ex360 that comprehensively controls each part of the main body including the display part ex358 and the operation key part ex366.
- a camera interface unit ex363, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) control unit ex359, a modulation / demodulation unit ex352, a multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex353, an audio signal processing unit ex354, a slot unit ex364, and a memory unit ex367 are connected to each other via a bus ex370. ing.
- the power supply circuit unit ex361 starts up the mobile phone ex114 in an operable state by supplying power from the battery pack to each unit.
- the cellular phone ex114 converts the audio signal collected by the audio input unit ex356 in the voice call mode into a digital audio signal by the audio signal processing unit ex354 based on the control of the main control unit ex360 having a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like. Then, this is subjected to spectrum spread processing by the modulation / demodulation unit ex352, digital-analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing are performed by the transmission / reception unit ex351, and then transmitted via the antenna ex350.
- the mobile phone ex114 also amplifies the received data received via the antenna ex350 in the voice call mode, performs frequency conversion processing and analog-digital conversion processing, performs spectrum despreading processing by the modulation / demodulation unit ex352, and performs voice signal processing unit After being converted into an analog audio signal by ex354, this is output from the audio output unit ex357.
- the text data of the e-mail input by operating the operation key unit ex366 of the main unit is sent to the main control unit ex360 via the operation input control unit ex362.
- the main control unit ex360 performs spread spectrum processing on the text data in the modulation / demodulation unit ex352, performs digital analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing in the transmission / reception unit ex351, and then transmits the text data to the base station ex110 via the antenna ex350.
- almost the reverse process is performed on the received data and output to the display unit ex358.
- the video signal processing unit ex355 compresses the video signal supplied from the camera unit ex365 by the moving image encoding method described in the above embodiments. Encode (that is, function as an image encoding device according to an aspect of the present invention), and send the encoded video data to the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex353.
- the audio signal processing unit ex354 encodes the audio signal picked up by the audio input unit ex356 while the camera unit ex365 images a video, a still image, etc., and sends the encoded audio data to the multiplexing / separating unit ex353. To do.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex353 multiplexes the encoded video data supplied from the video signal processing unit ex355 and the encoded audio data supplied from the audio signal processing unit ex354 by a predetermined method, and is obtained as a result.
- the multiplexed data is subjected to spread spectrum processing by the modulation / demodulation unit (modulation / demodulation circuit unit) ex352, digital-analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing by the transmission / reception unit ex351, and then transmitted via the antenna ex350.
- the multiplexing / separating unit ex353 separates the multiplexed data into a video data bit stream and an audio data bit stream, and performs video signal processing on the video data encoded via the synchronization bus ex370.
- the encoded audio data is supplied to the audio signal processing unit ex354 while being supplied to the unit ex355.
- the video signal processing unit ex355 decodes the video signal by decoding using the video decoding method corresponding to the video encoding method described in each of the above embodiments (that is, an image according to an aspect of the present invention).
- video and still images included in the moving image file linked to the home page are displayed from the display unit ex358 via the LCD control unit ex359.
- the audio signal processing unit ex354 decodes the audio signal, and the audio is output from the audio output unit ex357.
- the terminal such as the mobile phone ex114 is referred to as a transmission terminal having only an encoder and a receiving terminal having only a decoder.
- a transmission terminal having only an encoder
- a receiving terminal having only a decoder.
- multiplexed data in which music data or the like is multiplexed with video data is received and transmitted, but data in which character data or the like related to video is multiplexed in addition to audio data It may be video data itself instead of multiplexed data.
- the moving picture encoding method or the moving picture decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments can be used in any of the above-described devices / systems. The described effect can be obtained.
- Embodiment 4 The moving picture coding method or apparatus shown in the above embodiments and the moving picture coding method or apparatus compliant with different standards such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1 are appropriately switched as necessary. Thus, it is also possible to generate video data.
- multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data or the like with video data is configured to include identification information indicating which standard the video data conforms to.
- identification information indicating which standard the video data conforms to.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a structure of multiplexed data.
- multiplexed data is obtained by multiplexing one or more of a video stream, an audio stream, a presentation graphics stream (PG), and an interactive graphics stream.
- the video stream indicates the main video and sub-video of the movie
- the audio stream (IG) indicates the main audio portion of the movie and the sub-audio mixed with the main audio
- the presentation graphics stream indicates the subtitles of the movie.
- the main video indicates a normal video displayed on the screen
- the sub-video is a video displayed on a small screen in the main video.
- the interactive graphics stream indicates an interactive screen created by arranging GUI components on the screen.
- the video stream is encoded by the moving image encoding method or apparatus shown in the above embodiments, or the moving image encoding method or apparatus conforming to the conventional standards such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1. ing.
- the audio stream is encoded by a method such as Dolby AC-3, Dolby Digital Plus, MLP, DTS, DTS-HD, or linear PCM.
- Each stream included in the multiplexed data is identified by PID. For example, 0x1011 for video streams used for movie images, 0x1100 to 0x111F for audio streams, 0x1200 to 0x121F for presentation graphics, 0x1400 to 0x141F for interactive graphics streams, 0x1B00 to 0x1B1F are assigned to video streams used for sub-pictures, and 0x1A00 to 0x1A1F are assigned to audio streams used for sub-audio mixed with the main audio.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram schematically showing how multiplexed data is multiplexed.
- a video stream ex235 composed of a plurality of video frames and an audio stream ex238 composed of a plurality of audio frames are converted into PES packet sequences ex236 and ex239, respectively, and converted into TS packets ex237 and ex240.
- the data of the presentation graphics stream ex241 and interactive graphics ex244 are converted into PES packet sequences ex242 and ex245, respectively, and further converted into TS packets ex243 and ex246.
- the multiplexed data ex247 is configured by multiplexing these TS packets into one stream.
- FIG. 40 shows in more detail how the video stream is stored in the PES packet sequence.
- the first row in FIG. 40 shows a video frame sequence of the video stream.
- the second level shows a PES packet sequence.
- a plurality of Video Presentation Units in a video stream are divided into pictures, B pictures, and P pictures, and are stored in the payload of the PES packet.
- Each PES packet has a PES header, and a PTS (Presentation Time-Stamp) that is a display time of a picture and a DTS (Decoding Time-Stamp) that is a decoding time of a picture are stored in the PES header.
- PTS Presentation Time-Stamp
- DTS Decoding Time-Stamp
- FIG. 41 shows the format of a TS packet that is finally written into the multiplexed data.
- the TS packet is a 188-byte fixed-length packet composed of a 4-byte TS header having information such as a PID for identifying a stream and a 184-byte TS payload for storing data.
- the PES packet is divided and stored in the TS payload.
- a 4-byte TP_Extra_Header is added to a TS packet, forms a 192-byte source packet, and is written in multiplexed data.
- TP_Extra_Header information such as ATS (Arrival_Time_Stamp) is described.
- ATS indicates the transfer start time of the TS packet to the PID filter of the decoder.
- source packets are arranged in the multiplexed data, and the number incremented from the head of the multiplexed data is called SPN (source packet number).
- TS packets included in the multiplexed data include PAT (Program Association Table), PMT (Program Map Table), PCR (Program Clock Reference), and the like in addition to each stream such as video / audio / caption.
- PAT indicates what the PID of the PMT used in the multiplexed data is, and the PID of the PAT itself is registered as 0.
- the PMT has the PID of each stream such as video / audio / subtitles included in the multiplexed data and the attribute information of the stream corresponding to each PID, and has various descriptors related to the multiplexed data.
- the descriptor includes copy control information for instructing permission / non-permission of copying of multiplexed data.
- the PCR corresponds to the ATS in which the PCR packet is transferred to the decoder. Contains STC time information.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram for explaining the data structure of the PMT in detail.
- a PMT header describing the length of data included in the PMT is arranged at the head of the PMT.
- a plurality of descriptors related to multiplexed data are arranged.
- the copy control information and the like are described as descriptors.
- a plurality of pieces of stream information regarding each stream included in the multiplexed data are arranged.
- the stream information includes a stream descriptor in which a stream type, a stream PID, and stream attribute information (frame rate, aspect ratio, etc.) are described to identify a compression codec of the stream.
- the multiplexed data is recorded together with the multiplexed data information file.
- the multiplexed data information file is management information of multiplexed data, has one-to-one correspondence with the multiplexed data, and includes multiplexed data information, stream attribute information, and an entry map.
- the multiplexed data information includes a system rate, a reproduction start time, and a reproduction end time as shown in FIG.
- the system rate indicates a maximum transfer rate of multiplexed data to a PID filter of a system target decoder described later.
- the ATS interval included in the multiplexed data is set to be equal to or less than the system rate.
- the playback start time is the PTS of the first video frame of the multiplexed data
- the playback end time is set by adding the playback interval for one frame to the PTS of the video frame at the end of the multiplexed data.
- attribute information for each stream included in the multiplexed data is registered for each PID.
- the attribute information has different information for each video stream, audio stream, presentation graphics stream, and interactive graphics stream.
- the video stream attribute information includes the compression codec used to compress the video stream, the resolution of the individual picture data constituting the video stream, the aspect ratio, and the frame rate. It has information such as how much it is.
- the audio stream attribute information includes the compression codec used to compress the audio stream, the number of channels included in the audio stream, the language supported, and the sampling frequency. With information. These pieces of information are used for initialization of the decoder before the player reproduces it.
- the stream type included in the PMT is used.
- video stream attribute information included in the multiplexed data information is used.
- the video encoding shown in each of the above embodiments for the stream type or video stream attribute information included in the PMT.
- FIG. 45 shows the steps of the moving picture decoding method according to the present embodiment.
- step exS100 the stream type included in the PMT or the video stream attribute information included in the multiplexed data information is acquired from the multiplexed data.
- step exS101 it is determined whether or not the stream type or the video stream attribute information indicates multiplexed data generated by the moving picture encoding method or apparatus described in the above embodiments. To do.
- step exS102 the above embodiments are performed. Decoding is performed by the moving picture decoding method shown in the form.
- the conventional information Decoding is performed by a moving image decoding method compliant with the standard.
- FIG. 46 shows a configuration of LSI ex500 that is made into one chip.
- the LSI ex500 includes elements ex501, ex502, ex503, ex504, ex505, ex506, ex507, ex508, and ex509 described below, and each element is connected via a bus ex510.
- the power supply circuit unit ex505 is activated to an operable state by supplying power to each unit when the power supply is on.
- the LSI ex500 uses the AV I / O ex509 to perform the microphone ex117 and the camera ex113 based on the control of the control unit ex501 including the CPU ex502, the memory controller ex503, the stream controller ex504, the driving frequency control unit ex512, and the like.
- the AV signal is input from the above.
- the input AV signal is temporarily stored in an external memory ex511 such as SDRAM.
- the accumulated data is divided into a plurality of times as appropriate according to the processing amount and the processing speed and sent to the signal processing unit ex507, and the signal processing unit ex507 encodes an audio signal and / or video. Signal encoding is performed.
- the encoding process of the video signal is the encoding process described in the above embodiments.
- the signal processing unit ex507 further performs processing such as multiplexing the encoded audio data and the encoded video data according to circumstances, and outputs the result from the stream I / Oex 506 to the outside.
- the output multiplexed data is transmitted to the base station ex107 or written to the recording medium ex215. It should be noted that data should be temporarily stored in the buffer ex508 so as to be synchronized when multiplexing.
- the memory ex511 is described as an external configuration of the LSI ex500.
- a configuration included in the LSI ex500 may be used.
- the number of buffers ex508 is not limited to one, and a plurality of buffers may be provided.
- the LSI ex500 may be made into one chip or a plurality of chips.
- control unit ex501 includes the CPU ex502, the memory controller ex503, the stream controller ex504, the drive frequency control unit ex512, and the like, but the configuration of the control unit ex501 is not limited to this configuration.
- the signal processing unit ex507 may further include a CPU.
- the CPU ex502 may be configured to include a signal processing unit ex507 or, for example, an audio signal processing unit that is a part of the signal processing unit ex507.
- the control unit ex501 is configured to include a signal processing unit ex507 or a CPU ex502 having a part thereof.
- LSI LSI
- IC system LSI
- super LSI ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration
- the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, and implementation with a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor is also possible.
- An FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- Such a programmable logic device typically loads or reads a program constituting software or firmware from a memory or the like, so that the moving image encoding method or the moving image described in each of the above embodiments is used.
- An image decoding method can be performed.
- FIG. 47 shows a configuration ex800 in the present embodiment.
- the drive frequency switching unit ex803 sets the drive frequency high when the video data is generated by the moving image encoding method or apparatus described in the above embodiments.
- the decoding processing unit ex801 that executes the moving picture decoding method described in each of the above embodiments is instructed to decode the video data.
- the video data is video data compliant with the conventional standard, compared to the case where the video data is generated by the moving picture encoding method or apparatus shown in the above embodiments, Set the drive frequency low. Then, it instructs the decoding processing unit ex802 compliant with the conventional standard to decode the video data.
- the drive frequency switching unit ex803 includes the CPU ex502 and the drive frequency control unit ex512 in FIG.
- the decoding processing unit ex801 that executes the moving picture decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments and the decoding processing unit ex802 that conforms to the conventional standard correspond to the signal processing unit ex507 in FIG.
- the CPU ex502 identifies which standard the video data conforms to. Then, based on the signal from the CPU ex502, the drive frequency control unit ex512 sets the drive frequency. Further, based on the signal from the CPU ex502, the signal processing unit ex507 decodes the video data.
- the identification information described in the fourth embodiment may be used.
- the identification information is not limited to that described in the fourth embodiment, and any information that can identify which standard the video data conforms to may be used. For example, it is possible to identify which standard the video data conforms to based on an external signal that identifies whether the video data is used for a television or a disk. In some cases, identification may be performed based on such an external signal. Further, the selection of the driving frequency in the CPU ex502 may be performed based on a lookup table in which the video data standard and the driving frequency are associated with each other as shown in FIG. 49, for example. The look-up table is stored in the buffer ex508 or the internal memory of the LSI, and the CPU ex502 can select the drive frequency by referring to the look-up table.
- FIG. 48 shows steps for executing the method of the present embodiment.
- the signal processing unit ex507 acquires identification information from the multiplexed data.
- the CPU ex502 identifies whether the video data is generated by the encoding method or apparatus described in each of the above embodiments based on the identification information.
- the CPU ex502 sends a signal for setting the drive frequency high to the drive frequency control unit ex512. Then, the drive frequency control unit ex512 sets a high drive frequency.
- step exS203 the CPU ex502 drives the signal for setting the drive frequency low. This is sent to the frequency control unit ex512. Then, in the drive frequency control unit ex512, the drive frequency is set to be lower than that in the case where the video data is generated by the encoding method or apparatus described in the above embodiments.
- the power saving effect can be further enhanced by changing the voltage applied to the LSI ex500 or the device including the LSI ex500 in conjunction with the switching of the driving frequency. For example, when the drive frequency is set low, it is conceivable that the voltage applied to the LSI ex500 or the device including the LSI ex500 is set low as compared with the case where the drive frequency is set high.
- the setting method of the driving frequency may be set to a high driving frequency when the processing amount at the time of decoding is large, and to a low driving frequency when the processing amount at the time of decoding is small. It is not limited to the method.
- the amount of processing for decoding video data compliant with the MPEG4-AVC standard is larger than the amount of processing for decoding video data generated by the moving picture encoding method or apparatus described in the above embodiments. It is conceivable that the setting of the driving frequency is reversed to that in the case described above.
- the method for setting the drive frequency is not limited to the configuration in which the drive frequency is lowered.
- the voltage applied to the LSIex500 or the apparatus including the LSIex500 is set high.
- the driving of the CPU ex502 is stopped.
- the CPU ex502 is temporarily stopped because there is room in processing. Is also possible. Even when the identification information indicates that the video data is generated by the moving image encoding method or apparatus described in each of the above embodiments, if there is a margin for processing, the CPU ex502 is temporarily driven. It can also be stopped. In this case, it is conceivable to set the stop time shorter than in the case where the video data conforms to the conventional standards such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1.
- a plurality of video data that conforms to different standards may be input to the above-described devices and systems such as a television and a mobile phone.
- the signal processing unit ex507 of the LSI ex500 needs to support a plurality of standards in order to be able to decode even when a plurality of video data complying with different standards is input.
- the signal processing unit ex507 corresponding to each standard is used individually, there is a problem that the circuit scale of the LSI ex500 increases and the cost increases.
- a decoding processing unit for executing the moving picture decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments and a decoding conforming to a standard such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, or VC-1
- the processing unit is partly shared.
- An example of this configuration is shown as ex900 in FIG. 50A.
- the moving picture decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments and the moving picture decoding method compliant with the MPEG4-AVC standard are processed in processes such as entropy coding, inverse quantization, deblocking filter, and motion compensation. Some contents are common.
- the decoding processing unit ex902 corresponding to the MPEG4-AVC standard is shared, and for other processing contents specific to one aspect of the present invention that do not correspond to the MPEG4-AVC standard, a dedicated decoding processing unit A configuration using ex901 is conceivable.
- the decoding processing unit for executing the moving picture decoding method described in each of the above embodiments is shared, and the processing content specific to the MPEG4-AVC standard As for, a configuration using a dedicated decoding processing unit may be used.
- ex1000 in FIG. 50B shows another example in which processing is partially shared.
- a dedicated decoding processing unit ex1001 corresponding to the processing content specific to one aspect of the present invention
- a dedicated decoding processing unit ex1002 corresponding to the processing content specific to another conventional standard
- a common decoding processing unit ex1003 corresponding to the processing contents common to the moving image decoding method according to the above and other conventional moving image decoding methods.
- the dedicated decoding processing units ex1001 and ex1002 are not necessarily specialized in one aspect of the present invention or processing content specific to other conventional standards, and can execute other general-purpose processing. Also good.
- the configuration of the present embodiment can be implemented by LSI ex500.
- the processing content common to the moving picture decoding method according to one aspect of the present invention and the moving picture decoding method of the conventional standard reduces the circuit scale of the LSI by sharing the decoding processing unit, In addition, the cost can be reduced.
- the present invention can be applied to an image processing device, an imaging device, and an image reproduction device. Specifically, the present invention is applicable to a digital still camera, a movie, a mobile phone with a camera function, a smartphone, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者は、「背景技術」の欄において記載した、非特許文献1の符号化方法および復号方法に関し、以下の課題が生じることを見出した。
図1は、本実施の形態における符号化装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
以上のように、本実施の形態における符号化方法は、動画像をフレームごとに符号化する符号化方法である。この符号化方法では、動画像に含まれる対象フレーム(上述の処理対象フレーム)から背景画像を抽出する。さらに、対象フレームに含まれる少なくとも1つのオブジェクトのそれぞれに対する、当該オブジェクトの特徴を示す複数種類のメタデータをその対象フレームから抽出する。次に、複数種類のメタデータを、種類毎に階層的に配置する。そして、背景画像を特定するための背景画像情報と、複数種類のメタデータの中から、選択された階層に対応する一部又は全てのメタデータを示すメタ情報とを含む符号情報を生成する。
図25は、本実施の形態における復号装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
以上のように、本実施の形態における復号方法は、符号化動画像を、フレームに対応する符号情報ごとに復号する復号方法である。この復号方法では、符号情報に含まれる背景画像情報から、対象フレーム(上述の処理対象フレーム)の背景画像を特定する。さらに、その符号情報に含まれるメタ情報から、その対象フレームに含まれる1つのオブジェクトの特徴を示し、種類毎に階層的に配置された1以上の種類のメタデータを導出する。この1以上の種類のメタデータは、例えば上述のメタデータ群である。つまり、具体的には、上述のように、メタデータ復元部210がメタデータ群を復元することによって、1以上の種類のメタデータが導出される。また、本実施の形態における復号方法では、1以上の種類のメタデータにより表現される1つのオブジェクトを、特定された背景画像に重畳することによって、復号画像を生成する。ここで、メタデータは、対象フレームに含まれる少なくとも1つのオブジェクトのそれぞれに対し、当該オブジェクトの特徴を示す。
本発明の一態様に係る符号化方法、復号方法、符号化装置および復号装置について、上記実施の形態1および実施の形態2に基づいて説明したが、本発明は、これらの実施の形態に限定されるものではない。本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り、当業者が思いつく各種変形を本実施の形態に施したものや、異なる実施の形態における構成要素を組み合わせて構築される形態も、一つまたは複数の態様の範囲内に含まれてもよい。
上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法(画像符号化方法)または動画像復号化方法(画像復号方法)の構成を実現するためのプログラムを記憶メディアに記録することにより、上記各実施の形態で示した処理を独立したコンピュータシステムにおいて簡単に実施することが可能となる。記憶メディアは、磁気ディスク、光ディスク、光磁気ディスク、ICカード、半導体メモリ等、プログラムを記録できるものであればよい。
上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法または装置と、MPEG-2、MPEG4-AVC、VC-1など異なる規格に準拠した動画像符号化方法または装置とを、必要に応じて適宜切替えることにより、映像データを生成することも可能である。
上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法および装置、動画像復号化方法および装置は、典型的には集積回路であるLSIで実現される。一例として、図46に1チップ化されたLSIex500の構成を示す。LSIex500は、以下に説明する要素ex501、ex502、ex503、ex504、ex505、ex506、ex507、ex508、ex509を備え、各要素はバスex510を介して接続している。電源回路部ex505は電源がオン状態の場合に各部に対して電力を供給することで動作可能な状態に起動する。
上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法または装置によって生成された映像データを復号する場合、従来のMPEG-2、MPEG4-AVC、VC-1などの規格に準拠する映像データを復号する場合に比べ、処理量が増加することが考えられる。そのため、LSIex500において、従来の規格に準拠する映像データを復号する際のCPUex502の駆動周波数よりも高い駆動周波数に設定する必要がある。しかし、駆動周波数を高くすると、消費電力が高くなるという課題が生じる。
テレビや、携帯電話など、上述した機器・システムには、異なる規格に準拠する複数の映像データが入力される場合がある。このように、異なる規格に準拠する複数の映像データが入力された場合にも復号できるようにするために、LSIex500の信号処理部ex507が複数の規格に対応している必要がある。しかし、それぞれの規格に対応する信号処理部ex507を個別に用いると、LSIex500の回路規模が大きくなり、また、コストが増加するという課題が生じる。
11 背景抽出部
12 メタデータ抽出部
13 符号情報生成部
20,200 復号装置
21 背景特定部
22 メタデータ特定部
23 生成部
110 メタデータ抽出部
120 モデル解析部
130 仮符号生成部
140 画像再構成部
150 減算部
160 符号生成部
210 メタデータ復元部
220 復号画像生成部
Claims (27)
- 動画像をフレームごとに符号化する符号化方法であって、
前記動画像に含まれる対象フレームから背景画像を抽出し、
前記対象フレームに含まれる少なくとも1つのオブジェクトのそれぞれに対する、当該オブジェクトの特徴を示す複数種類のメタデータを前記対象フレームから抽出し、
前記複数種類のメタデータを、種類毎に階層的に配置し、
前記背景画像を特定するための背景画像情報と、前記複数種類のメタデータの中から、選択された階層に対応する一部又は全てのメタデータを示すメタ情報とを含む符号情報を生成する、
符号化方法。 - 前記複数種類のメタデータは、さらに、前記対象フレームに含まれるオブジェクトの総数を含む、
請求項1記載の符号化方法。 - 前記符号化方法では、さらに、
抽出された前記複数種類のメタデータのうちの何れかの種類のメタデータである推定対象メタデータを、複数の推定手法のうちの何れかの推定手法を用いて推定し、
前記符号情報の生成では、
前記推定対象メタデータの推定に用いられた前記推定手法に関する情報を、前記メタ情報として含む前記符号情報を生成する
請求項1に記載の符号化方法。 - 前記符号化方法では、さらに、
前記推定対象メタデータの推定によって得られた推定メタデータと、前記推定対象メタデータとの残差が、所定の閾値以下であるか否かを判定し、前記所定の閾値以下でないと判定するときには、前記残差を補うための補正パラメータを前記符号情報に含める
請求項3に記載の符号化方法。 - 前記推定対象メタデータの推定では、
前記動画像に含まれる少なくとも1つの参照フレームのそれぞれにおける同一のオブジェクトの座標に対して、補間または補外を行うことによって、前記推定対象メタデータである座標を推定する
請求項3または4に記載の符号化方法。 - 前記推定対象メタデータの推定では、
さらに、前記動画像における前記オブジェクトの空間的な位置とサイズの変化を示す動きモデル情報を生成し、
前記補間または補外と前記動きモデル情報とに基づいて、前記推定対象メタデータである座標と、前記複数種類のメタデータのうちの他の種類のメタデータであるサイズとを推定する
請求項5に記載の符号化方法。 - 第1の階層に属するメタデータの種類は、前記対象フレーム内のオブジェクトの座標である
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の符号化方法。 - 第2の階層に属するメタデータの種類は、前記対象フレーム内のオブジェクトのサイズである
請求項7に記載の符号化方法。 - 第3の階層に属するメタデータの種類は、前記対象フレーム内のオブジェクトとして映し出された被写体の分類名である
請求項8に記載の符号化方法。 - 前記符号化方法では、さらに、
前記背景画像情報および前記メタ情報に基づいて、前記対象フレームを再構成することによって再構成画像を生成し、
前記対象フレームと再構成画像との差分を示す差分画像を前記符号情報に含める
請求項9に記載の符号化方法。 - 前記再構成画像の生成では、
前記第1の階層に属するメタデータによって前記オブジェクトの座標を特定し、
前記第2の階層に属するメタデータによって前記オブジェクトのサイズを特定し、
前記第3の階層に属するメタデータによって被写体の分類名に関連付けられた関連画像を特定し、
前記背景画像情報によって前記背景画像を特定し、
特定された前記背景画像のうちの、特定された前記座標に、特定された前記サイズの、特定された前記関連画像を重畳することによって、前記再構成画像を生成する
請求項10に記載の符号化方法。 - 前記再構成画像の生成では、
前記関連画像をサーバからネットワークを介して取得する
請求項11に記載の符号化方法。 - 符号化動画像を、フレームに対応する符号情報ごとに復号する復号方法であって、
前記符号情報に含まれる背景画像情報から、対象フレームの背景画像を特定し、
前記符号情報に含まれるメタ情報から、前記対象フレームに含まれる1つのオブジェクトの特徴を示し、種類毎に階層的に配置された1以上の種類のメタデータを導出し、
前記1以上の種類のメタデータにより表現される前記1つのオブジェクトを、特定された前記背景画像に重畳することによって、復号画像を生成し、
前記メタデータは、前記対象フレームに含まれる少なくとも1つのオブジェクトのそれぞれに対し、当該オブジェクトの特徴を示す、
復号方法。 - 前記復号画像は、前記メタデータの階層毎に抽象度が互いに異なる前記オブジェクトを前記背景画像に重畳することにより生成される、
請求項13に記載の復号方法。 - 前記メタ情報は、更に、前記対象フレームに含まれるオブジェクトの総数を含む、
請求項13または14に記載の復号方法。 - 前記1以上の種類のメタデータの導出では、
前記メタ情報として含まれる、推定手法に関する情報を用いて、メタデータの推定を行うことによって、前記メタデータを導出する
請求項13~15の何れか1項に記載の復号方法。 - 前記1以上の種類のメタデータの導出では、
前記符号情報に補正パラメータが存在するか否かを判定し、存在すると判定するときには、前記メタデータの推定によって得られた推定メタデータを、前記補正パラメータに基づいて補正することによって、前記メタデータを導出する
請求項16に記載の復号方法。 - 前記メタデータの推定では、
前記符号化動画像に含まれる少なくとも1つの参照フレームのそれぞれにおける同一のオブジェクトの座標に対して、補間または補外を行うことによって、前記メタデータである座標を推定する
請求項16または17に記載の復号方法。 - 前記メタデータの推定では、
前記符号情報から、前記符号化動画像における前記オブジェクトの空間的な位置とサイズの変化を示す動きモデル情報を抽出し、
前記補間または補外と前記動きモデル情報とに基づいて、前記メタデータである座標と、前記1以上の種類のメタデータのうちの他の種類のメタデータであるサイズとを推定する
請求項18に記載の復号方法。 - 前記符号情報において第1の階層に属する種類は、前記対象フレーム内のオブジェクトの座標である
請求項13~19のいずれか1項に記載の復号方法。 - 前記符号情報において第2の階層に属する種類は、前記対象フレーム内のオブジェクトのサイズである
請求項20に記載の復号方法。 - 前記符号情報において第3の階層に属する種類は、前記対象フレーム内のオブジェクトとして映し出された被写体の分類名である
請求項21に記載の復号方法。 - 前記復号方法では、さらに、
前記符号情報に差分画像が存在するか否かを判定し、
前記復号画像の生成では、
前記少なくとも1つのオブジェクトを前記背景画像に重畳することによって再構成画像を生成し、前記再構成画像に対して前記差分画像を加算することによって、前記復号画像を生成する
請求項22に記載の復号方法。 - 前記再構成画像の生成では、
前記第1の階層に属するメタデータによって前記オブジェクトの座標を特定し、
前記第2の階層に属するメタデータによって前記オブジェクトのサイズを特定し、
前記第3の階層に属するメタデータによって被写体の分類名に関連付けられた関連画像を特定し、
前記背景画像情報によって前記背景画像を特定し、
特定された前記背景画像のうちの、特定された前記座標に、特定された前記サイズの、特定された前記関連画像を重畳することによって、前記再構成画像を生成する
請求項23に記載の復号方法。 - 前記再構成画像の生成では、
前記関連画像をサーバからネットワークを介して取得する
請求項24に記載の復号方法。 - 動画像をフレームごとに符号化する符号化装置であって、
前記動画像に含まれる対象フレームから背景画像を抽出する背景抽出部と、
前記対象フレームに含まれる少なくとも1つのオブジェクトのそれぞれに対する、当該オブジェクトの特徴を示す複数種類のメタデータを前記対象フレームから抽出するメタデータ抽出部と、
前記複数種類のメタデータを、種類毎に階層的に配置する配置部と、
前記背景画像を特定するための背景画像情報と、前記複数種類のメタデータの中から、選択された階層に対応する一部又は全てのメタデータを示すメタ情報とを含む符号情報を生成する符号情報生成部と
を備える符号化装置。 - 符号化動画像を、フレームに対応する符号情報ごとに復号する復号装置であって、
前記符号情報に含まれる背景画像情報から、対象フレームの背景画像を特定する背景特定部と、
前記符号情報に含まれるメタ情報から、前記対象フレームに含まれる1つのオブジェクトの特徴を示し、種類毎に階層的に配置された1以上の種類のメタデータを導出するメタデータ導出部と、
前記1以上の種類のメタデータにより表現される前記1つのオブジェクトを、特定された前記背景画像に重畳することによって、復号画像を生成する生成部とを備え、
前記メタデータは、前記対象フレームに含まれる少なくとも1つのオブジェクトのそれぞれに対し、当該オブジェクトの特徴を示す、
復号装置。
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WO2023053687A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 画像処理方法、画像処理システム、画像処理装置、及び、サーバ |
CN114554220A (zh) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-27 | 北京信息科技大学 | 一种基于抽象特征的固定场景视频超限压缩与解码方法 |
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