WO2016012573A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour le stockage d'énergie thermique - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé pour le stockage d'énergie thermique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016012573A1 WO2016012573A1 PCT/EP2015/066950 EP2015066950W WO2016012573A1 WO 2016012573 A1 WO2016012573 A1 WO 2016012573A1 EP 2015066950 W EP2015066950 W EP 2015066950W WO 2016012573 A1 WO2016012573 A1 WO 2016012573A1
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- mcp
- installation
- energy storage
- energy
- heat
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
- F24F5/0021—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using phase change material [PCM] for storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0096—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater combined with domestic apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
- F24H7/0208—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
- F24H7/0216—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
- F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
- F24H7/0408—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
- F24H7/0416—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2064—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters
- F24H9/2071—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2078—Storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/144—Measuring or calculating energy consumption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/254—Room temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/265—Occupancy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/305—Control of valves
- F24H15/31—Control of valves of valves having only one inlet port and one outlet port, e.g. flow rate regulating valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
- F24H15/407—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electrical switching, e.g. TRIAC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
- F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
- F24H15/45—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based remotely accessible
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for storing thermal energy.
- the invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, intended for a climatic apparatus or an installation using apparatus for controlling the climate atmosphere in a room.
- climate apparatus refers to any heating, air conditioning, mechanical ventilation or temperature controlled water production device.
- Such climatic devices consume energy, generally of electrical origin, which electrical energy is used directly to produce heat, for example by passing it through an electrical resistance, or by means of a thermal machine such as a heat pump or a refrigeration unit to produce heat or cold.
- the invention is not limited to climatic devices implemented by means of electrical energy and also applies to any thermal machine or climatic device implemented by means of a combustion.
- Energy demand from climate devices is not uniform throughout the day, week or year. For example, at the scale of an agglomeration, peak periods are observed when both offices and dwellings are occupied, for example at the end of the day on a weekday. Demand is also changing with the seasons, with winter peaks in temperate countries, and summer peaks in hot countries. These consumption peaks alternate with off-peak periods, where energy consumption is reduced. This non-uniformity of consumption is particularly difficult to manage when the energy consumption is electric and it can not be stored as such. The situation is particularly delicate when the energy production implements uncontrolled means of production, such as wind or solar energy. Both peaks and slow periods are problematic.
- Heat storage techniques are known from the prior art and are essentially based on two principles, whether storing cold or hot:
- Sensitive heat storage consists in carrying a body, generally having a high thermal inertia, for example sand, at a high temperature, or conversely at low temperature for storing cold, during the off-peak period, and then returning this heat to the premises. heating or cooling during peak periods, by means of a coolant, for example by blowing into said premises air having been in contact with the body in question and which has heated or cooled to this contact.
- the sensible heat storage makes it possible to store in a body of mass m, a specific heat capacity Cp (constant with temperature), brought from an initial temperature T 1 to a temperature T 2 a quantity of heat Hs equal to:
- Latent heat storage uses a material that undergoing the warming or cooling effect undergoes a phase transition, the so-called phase transition occurring with absorption, heating, or recovery, cooling latent heat of transition.
- the phase transitions most used for this purpose are the change of solid-liquid phase, called melting, crystallization or solidification, the change of liquid-gas phase, called evaporation, liquefaction or condensation.
- the amount of energy stored is much higher, because the latent heat is generally high.
- the latent heat of fusion of 1 kg of ice is equivalent to the energy required to heat 1 kg of water from 0 ° C to 80 ° C.
- phase transition being reversible, the amount of energy H1 is restored during cooling and solidification of the body.
- thermodynamic principle faces practical difficulties.
- a first difficulty is related to obtaining a homogeneous temperature in the object body of the phase transition.
- phase change materials are not in themselves good conductors of heat.
- the coolant for extracting the latent heat for example air
- the thermal resistance that accumulates between the external exchange surface and the change of state front becomes quickly majority and limit the thermal power.
- MCP phase change material
- d. means, known as piloting, able to control heat flows between the MCP, the source and the recuperator;
- the support makes it possible to homogenize the temperature in the MCP, without dividing the MCP in unit volumes causing an increase in the supercooling phenomenon.
- TA> Te and TB ⁇ Te adapted to store heat
- TA ⁇ Te and TB> Te According to a second variant embodiment, adapted to store cold, TA ⁇ Te and TB> Te.
- the support comprises a metal foam, a block of straw or metal wool, a grid, a honeycomb, or a porous block.
- these different elements make it possible to create inside the sealed container a composite material formed by the MCP and the support, the overall thermal conductivity of which is improved compared with that of the MCP alone.
- the material constituting the support whatever the embodiment, is chosen in particular as a function of the transition temperature Te of the MCP.
- the energy storage core is immersed in a heat transfer fluid.
- the block comprising the sealed container loaded with MCP and the support constitutes an accumulation and heat recovery block, which does not require to operate any electrical or fluidic connection.
- a plurality of blocks is thus advantageously arranged in a heat transfer fluid through which thermal exchanges with the source and the recuperator take place.
- the sealed container and the support constitute a heat exchanger in which the source and the recuperator are heat transfer fluids circulating in said plate heat exchanger.
- the heat transfer fluid circulates in the container.
- the type of exchanger is chosen according to the target performance and the cost, but also according to the change in the volume of the MCP between the high temperature phase and the low temperature phase.
- the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, a spiral concentric exchanger or a tubular exchanger, without these examples being limiting.
- the MCP is chosen from: an aqueous solution, an alkane, a polyol or a salt.
- Aqueous solutions are more particularly indicated for the storage of cold, up to temperatures of the order of -35 ° C.
- the salts are more suitable for high temperature energy storage, greater than 200 ° C.
- Paraffin wax type alkanes allow storage temperatures ranging from -20 ° C to +60 ° C, depending on the nature of the wax.
- Polyols depending on their nature, offer a wide range of melting temperatures, from -50 ° C to +130 ° C approximately. They also offer good resistance to temperature and thermal cycling and have a low degree of supercooling.
- the MCP of organic nature comprises a charge of micro or nanoparticles solid inorganic. These particles make it possible to improve the apparent thermal conductivity of the PCM.
- an addition, in an amount of less than 10% by weight, of particles of hexagonal boron nitride, carbon black or carbon nanotubes makes it possible to improve the thermal conductivity of the PCM without substantially degrading its energy storage capabilities in latent heat transition.
- the invention also relates to an installation for heating or cooling a room, which comprises an energy storage device according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
- said installation uses the energy heating device to store energy during off-peak hours and to restore this stored energy during peak hours.
- the installation which is the subject of the invention, the latter comprises an energy storage device adapted to store heat and an energy storage device for storing cold.
- said installation is adapted to limit the incidence of consumption during rush hours whatever the season.
- the energy storage device of the installation that is the subject of the invention is included in a climatic apparatus of said installation.
- a storage capacity and restitution especially for the erasure of consumption in rush hour, is integrable to any existing installation by the installation of such a climatic device in said facility.
- the climatic apparatus is an electric heating apparatus in which the recuperator is a turbine capable of creating a stream of sweeping air on the energy storage core.
- the temperature of the energy storage core evolving in small proportions during the operation of the climate apparatus, between the melting temperature and the supercooling temperature of the MCP, this embodiment is particularly easy to regulate and, because of the high storage capacity of the core, the extraction and storage of energy are able to operate simultaneously, so that the recuperator is also used as a means of forced convection outside the restitution phases.
- the CT of the heart of the climatic apparatus of the installation which is the subject of the invention is of the order of 120 ° C. and the PCM of said core comprises erythritol.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for a convection heating mode.
- the support of the thermal storage core of the climatic apparatus of the installation which is the subject of the invention is an aluminum foam whose porosity level is between 70% and 95% and preferably 90%.
- Aluminum and its alloys have a high thermal diffusivity and thus an ability to homogenize its own temperature and to exchange heat with the PCM to obtain a homogenization of the temperature in the thermal storage core.
- the high porosity rate makes it possible to reduce the division of the MCP and thus limit the effects of the support on the supercooling rate.
- the metal foam is easily shaped and easily conforms to any shape of the sealed container for aesthetic as well as technical reasons.
- the climatic apparatus of the installation object of the invention comprises a radiating facade.
- said apparatus combines convection heating and radiant heating to improve heating comfort.
- the heating of the radiating facade is carried out by a separate heating circuit or by the same circuit as that of storing and restoring the thermal energy.
- the invention also relates to a method for implementing an installation according to the invention, which method comprises the steps of: i. acquire and interpret a consumption instruction;
- the interpretation of the consumption directive consists of a reduction in the energy consumption of the installation, stopping the flow of heat from the source to the MCP of the energy storage core;
- the plant stores energy under favorable consumption conditions and reduces or stops the energy consumption in the adverse consumption circumstances.
- the method which is the subject of the invention comprises the steps of:
- the interpretation of the operating instruction corresponds to a request for energy diffusion and if the consumption instruction consists of a reduction of the energy consumption of the installation, to trigger the heat exchange flow between the recovery means and the MCP of the energy storage core.
- the method that is the subject of the invention takes advantage of the energy storage performed in the energy storage core to provide occupancy comfort for the premises without primary energy consumption.
- the consumption directive includes a tariff signal issued on the energy distribution network by the energy supplier.
- the signal consists for example of a peak hour signal transmitted on the electrical network.
- - Consumption instruction includes a load shedding signal from the internal circuit of the premises on which the installation operates.
- the consumption of the installation is kept within predefined limits.
- - Consumption instruction includes a plurality of information, including weather, from a telematic network connected to the facility.
- a telematic network for example Internet
- complex data including forecast information on consumption, information on the energy mix used, or information on the greenhouse gas emission permits, without this list being exhaustive.
- the interpretation of the consumption instruction is carried out by the installation itself, for example in the control means of the energy storage device, or this interpretation is performed remotely, for example by the energy supplier, and transmitted to the facility.
- the operating setpoint includes a signal from a thermostat.
- the operating setpoint includes a signal from a presence detector in the room.
- the operating instruction includes a signal from a programming means of the installation
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example of installation according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows according to a sectional view 1-1 defined in FIG.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents two particular embodiments of the device that is the subject of the invention, using a heat exchanger, FIG. 4A according to a block diagram, FIG. 4B according to a spiral coaxial embodiment, seen in a sectional view. transversal;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a principle sectional view of an embodiment of the device of the invention implement a plurality of storage core in a fluid bath
- FIG. 6 represents, in a perspective and exploded view, a
- a climatic apparatus comprising an energy storage core
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the driving environment of the apparatus of Figure 6.
- the device comprises a source (110), such as an electrical resistance, which resistance is connected to the electrical network and whose operation is, for example, controlled via a TRIAC (1 11) whose trigger (1 12) is controlled by a control device (130).
- Said control device (130) comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment, calculation and memory means, an output interface and an input interface.
- the trigger (1 12) of the TRIAC (1 1 1) is connected to the output interface.
- the resistor (1 10) when supplied with electric current, heats an energy storage core comprised in a thermally insulating enclosure (100).
- a turbine (120) is used to blow air into said enclosure, so that the air is heated in contact with the energy storage core before being directed to the room to be heated. Said turbine is also controlled by the control device.
- the source is constituted by a coolant, for example a mineral oil or water heated in a boiler or by a heat pump, the circulation of said fluid being for example controlled by means of a solenoid valve controlled by the control device (130).
- the control device 130
- the invention is here presented in the case of a heating device, according to another embodiment, the source is constituted by a heat transfer fluid cooled with a refrigeration unit, thereby constituting a system air conditioning.
- a heating / air conditioning system comprises two storage devices, one for storing heat and the other for storing cold.
- the control device (130) receives on its input interface a setpoint (181) of consumption, this consumption setpoint is, for example, a peak hour signal, sent by the electricity supplier by carrier signal on the network.
- Said control device (130) also receives on its input interface, according to this exemplary embodiment, an operating setpoint (191), said operating setpoint emanating from a sensor or from several sensors placed in the object premises of the heating or air conditioning, said sensors delivering one or more instructions relating to the conditions of comfort or occupation of said local.
- the senor (190) is a thermometer, a presence detector, a hygrometer, a window opening detector or any combination of these sensors.
- the control device defines a mode of operation in terms of heating power delivered to the resistor (110) or airflow sent to the room by the turbine (120). This mode of operation has 3 essential operating principles:
- this operating mode corresponds to pure storage. This case corresponds to the conditions under which the instruction
- this operating mode corresponds to a pure restitution stored energy and intervenes when the setpoint (181) of consumption is unfavorable, for example during rush hour, and that the instruction (191) of operation involves a climatic action (heating, air conditioning) in the room.
- the source (1 10) and the recuperator (120) work together, and this in two variants:
- the energy introduced by the source (110) is completely recovered and transferred into the room by the recuperator (120);
- the energy introduced by the source (110) is greater than the energy extracted by the recuperator (120) and there is energy storage in the energy storage core.
- the energy storage core (200) comprises a container.
- said container is shown as a molded part, the person skilled in the art adapts other embodiments, in particular by assembly or machining.
- the air blown by the turbine thermally exchanges with said core (200), making contact with the outer walls of this core.
- said core is advantageously made of a thermally conductive material, such as an aluminum alloy, and comprises means (210), such as fins, to promote heat exchange and convection effects.
- the interior of the energy storage core (200) is partitioned by fins (215) at the intersection of which channels (210) extend, said channels each receiving, according to this embodiment , a shielded resistor (not shown).
- the energy storage core (200) is heated from the inside, by means of said resistors, and cooled by the outside by circulation of air.
- half of the channels (215) ie every other channel, is used for the circulation of a coolant fluid acting as a recuperator, and the other half of said channels (215) is used for the circulation. a coolant acting as a source or for the passage of a shielded resistor.
- the support used being an aluminum foam, it is used as a heating resistor, directly in contact with the MCP.
- the container of the storage core is made of an electrically insulating material or is lined inside a layer of an electrically insulating material, for example a polymer or a ceramic resistant to the melting temperature of the MCP.
- the sealed container thereof is advantageously made of a thermally insulating material, such as a ceramic, or the container is thermally insulated by any means appropriate.
- a composite material comprising a MCP and a perforated support.
- said support consists of a sponge of straw or metal wool such as aluminum or copper wool, metal foam such as aluminum or magnesium foam, metal or carbon fiber fabric, nest block bees of aluminum or machined carbon in the shape of the cell, or a porous block of graphite.
- the object of such a support is to promote the homogenization of the temperature in the MCP, and also the conduction of heat between the MCP and the source or the recuperator.
- the nature of the MCP and the support are chosen according to the intended application and, consequently, the phase transition temperature of the MCP used.
- the quantity by volume of support relative to the MCP is at least equal to 5% and less than 30%, preferably of the order of 10%.
- the filling rate of the cells by the MCP takes into account the possible variation of volume of it during the phase transition. All phase transitions having a latent heat of transformation are usable for the purposes of implementing the invention, however the solid-liquid transformation is the one which has the greatest ease of implementation and provides high latent heat of transformation. .
- FIG. 3 according to a theoretical schematic example, in a time diagram (301), temperature (302), the evolution (351, 352) of the temperature of a PCM when it is subjected to heating according to a setpoint (310 ) of temperature higher than its melting temperature (350), then to cooling according to a temperature set point (320) lower than its melting temperature, shows a temperature plateau corresponding to the heating (351) at the temperature of melting, and cooling (352) at a temperature slightly lower than the melting temperature (350).
- This temperature level reflects the latent heat of transformation: heating.
- the material absorbs heat without increasing its temperature, and upon cooling, during solidification, the MCP gives up heat without its temperature decreasing.
- the difference in temperature between the bearing found during heating (351) and the bearing found during cooling (352) corresponds to supercooling.
- a MCP having a melting temperature of 80 ° C to 150 ° C is preferred.
- erythritol (C 4 H 10 O 4 ) has a melting temperature of the order of 120 ° C. at atmospheric pressure, well suited to this use and a relatively high boiling point, of the order 330 ° C which limits the risk in case of overheating, the product is not flammable elsewhere.
- polyols having similar properties can be used in this temperature range, for example xylitol (C 5 H 12 0 5 ) having a melting temperature of about 95 ° C, mannitol (C 6 H 14 0 6 ), the melting temperature of the order of 165 ° C, or dulcitol (galactitol) whose melting temperature of about 190 ° C
- the PCM is supplemented with nanoparticles of hexagonal boron nitride or carbon black, in a mass proportion of less than 5% to improve the apparent thermal conductivity.
- the thermal storage core forms a wall heat exchanger (400).
- a wall heat exchanger comprises two fluid circulation circuits, separated by thin walls so as to maximize the heat exchange surface between the fluids circulating in the two circuits without said fluids coming into contact with one of the other.
- the most common wall heat exchangers are plate heat exchangers and tubular heat exchangers.
- one of the circuits of the exchanger (400) is used to circulate (410) a heat transfer fluid.
- the other circuit (440) of the exchanger is filled with a MCP, without circulation thereof.
- the walls of the exchanger when the distance between said walls is small, play the role of support vis-à-vis the MCP.
- the coolant for example water
- a source possibly through another heat exchanger
- the heat exchanger ( 400) including the MCP in one of its circuits before being directed to a climatic apparatus (not shown) such as a heater, then back to the source and thus a closed circuit.
- a climatic apparatus such as a heater
- the heat transfer fluid gives the majority of its energy to the MCP.
- the coolant is water
- the melting temperature of said MCP is chosen to be less than 100 ° C., for example 60 ° C.
- the source is a heat pump using geothermal energy to increase the energy efficiency of the system.
- Polyol or paraffin wax are suitable as MCP in this case.
- the energy production of the source is stopped while ventilation of the heater is started.
- the circulation of the coolant in the heat exchanger (400) causes the solidification of the PCM and the extraction of latent heat.
- the same heat transfer fluid circuit ensures the storage and the return of the energy.
- the heat exchanger (401) with walls used is coaxial spiral type.
- This type of exchanger comprises two coaxial spiral circuits (41 1, 441), nested one inside the other, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4B.
- One of the circuits (41 1) is used for the circulation of the coolant (41 1), and the other circuit (441) is filled by the MCP associated, if necessary, with a straw, wool or metal foam which are easily inserted in this type of exchanger.
- the operation is identical to that described for the embodiment of FIG. 4A.
- the advantage of the coaxial spiral exchanger is that it is not very sensitive to the volume variation of the MCP during its melting or solidification. A change in volume of said MCP results in a simple elastic radial expansion of the exchanger.
- this embodiment makes it possible to use MCPs exhibiting significant volume variations between the two phases, in particular aqueous solutions for storing cold.
- FIG. 5 according to another embodiment of the device of the invention, no fluid and no heating means through the heart (500) of storage.
- Said core consists of a sealed container filled with a MCP and a support as described above.
- a plurality of cores (500) of this type is placed in a tank (560) filled with a fluid such as a mineral oil.
- the tank is a water heater filled with hot water.
- an immersion heater (510) constitutes the source.
- a circuit (520) of coolant flowing in the vessel (560) for example in the form of a coil, constitutes the recuperator. If the tank (560) is a water heater, the recuperator is constituted by the hot water circuit health.
- the source is either the immersion heater (510) in the case of an electric water heater, or the heat transfer fluid circuit (520) in the case of a thermodynamic water heater, or both.
- the fluid contained in the tank is heated, for example by the immersion heater, and the energy is stored in the cores (500) of storage. These return this heat to the fluid contained in the tank when said fluid is no longer heated and its temperature passes below the supercooling temperature of the MCP contained in said cores (500).
- the tank is a water heater, the melting temperature of the MCP used is chosen between 50 ° C and 60 ° C.
- the installation object of the invention comprises a device (690) climate provided with a core (600) of energy storage.
- said apparatus is an electric heater and comprises a frame whose rear face (691) is adapted to be fixed to a partition in the room to be heated. Said frame also supports a radiating element (693) forming the front of the device.
- the useful internal volume of the storage core (600) is of the order of 40 dm 3 , and is entirely filled with aluminum foam and a PCM.
- Said heart (600) is easily adapted in shape to the aesthetics of the device.
- the core (600) includes a source (610) in the form of an electrical resistor and a recuperator (620) in the form of a turbine.
- a movable flap (621) also makes it possible to regulate the convective flow.
- the radiating facade (693) is for example made of glass. It is in contact with or near the heart (600) so that it transmits its heat by conduction and radiation. Thus the heat produced by the source (610) or restored heart (600) is divided between radiation and convection.
- the apparatus comprises an air filter, for example of the HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) type, for filtering the air coming from the turbine (620).
- HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Air
- the apparatus also comprises a control device (630) provided with a control keyboard and a control screen for controlling a set of intelligent functions such as presence detection, window opening detection, self-programming of operating parameters.
- Said control device is also connected by a pilot wire or by a network without wire to a central control unit of the installation of which it forms part, or comprises means for detecting signals comprising a consumption setpoint on the electrical network.
- the heating or air-conditioning installation that is the subject of the invention comprises a microserver (731) to which the apparatus (690) comprising the storage and energy recovery capacities is connected by a local network in particular wireless, of the WLAN type, or a personal network of WPAN type.
- this link to the network is provided by a transceiver (791) according to the WiFi® protocol, the connection means being powered by the power supply of the apparatus (690).
- the microserver (731) is connected to the local network and the internet via a router (735). Alternatively the router (735) and the microserver (730) are the same device.
- the microserver is included in the device (690) climatic.
- the microserver (731) is able to address data and dialogue, via the Internet, with one or more servers (751) called “regulatory authorities".
- the regulating authority (751) communicates to the microserver the envisaged peak hour erasure scheme. This erasure scheme takes into account, for example, meteorology, rush hour forecasting and energy production forecasting by renewable energies.
- the microserver (731) communicates its information or a consumption program derived from this information to the climate device (690) which, by its calculator, deduces the storage and retrieval cycles for the following hours or days.
- the invention achieves the aim of knowing that the energy storage device according to the invention constitutes a decentralized energy storage point that can be deployed on the set of an existing housing stock, up to a domestic scale, and thus helps to effectively smooth peak power consumption.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/328,053 US10203165B2 (en) | 2014-07-23 | 2015-07-23 | Device and method for storing thermal energy |
CA2955881A CA2955881A1 (fr) | 2014-07-23 | 2015-07-23 | Dispositif et procede pour le stockage d'energie thermique |
EP15742227.0A EP3172496A1 (fr) | 2014-07-23 | 2015-07-23 | Dispositif et procédé pour le stockage d'énergie thermique |
JP2017524105A JP2017523378A (ja) | 2014-07-23 | 2015-07-23 | 熱エネルギーを貯蔵するための装置および方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1457129 | 2014-07-23 | ||
FR1457129A FR3024214A3 (fr) | 2014-07-23 | 2014-07-23 | Appareil de stockage thermoelectrique saisonnier |
FR1551741A FR3024215B1 (fr) | 2014-07-23 | 2015-03-02 | Dispositif de stockage thermoelectrique saisonnier et appareil de chauffage mettant en œuvre un tel dispositif |
FR1551741 | 2015-03-02 |
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WO2016012573A1 true WO2016012573A1 (fr) | 2016-01-28 |
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PCT/EP2015/066950 WO2016012573A1 (fr) | 2014-07-23 | 2015-07-23 | Dispositif et procédé pour le stockage d'énergie thermique |
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US (1) | US10203165B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3172496A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2017523378A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2955881A1 (fr) |
FR (2) | FR3024214A3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016012573A1 (fr) |
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- 2015-07-23 US US15/328,053 patent/US10203165B2/en active Active
- 2015-07-23 JP JP2017524105A patent/JP2017523378A/ja active Pending
- 2015-07-23 EP EP15742227.0A patent/EP3172496A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-07-23 CA CA2955881A patent/CA2955881A1/fr not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017173499A1 (fr) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | Thermapower Pty. Ltd. | Cellule thermique |
CN109689833A (zh) * | 2016-09-02 | 2019-04-26 | 日立化成株式会社 | 复合构件及其制造方法、蓄热材及其制造方法、蓄热式空调装置、以及蓄热型热管式供油设备 |
EP3508551A4 (fr) * | 2016-09-02 | 2020-05-06 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Élément composite et procédé pour sa production, matériau de stockage de chaleur et procédé pour sa production, climatiseur de type à stockage de chaleur et système d'approvisionnement en carburant à base de caloduc de type à stockage de chaleur |
EP3619490A4 (fr) * | 2017-05-03 | 2021-03-03 | Climate Change Technologies Pty Ltd | Appareil de stockage d'énergie thermique |
WO2020065692A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | De' Longhi Appliances S.R.L. Con Unico Socio | Dispositif de chauffage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10203165B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
FR3024215A1 (fr) | 2016-01-29 |
EP3172496A1 (fr) | 2017-05-31 |
FR3024215B1 (fr) | 2019-06-07 |
JP2017523378A (ja) | 2017-08-17 |
CA2955881A1 (fr) | 2016-01-28 |
FR3024214A3 (fr) | 2016-01-29 |
US20170219294A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
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