WO2016010232A1 - 선박용 엔진 운전 방법 - Google Patents
선박용 엔진 운전 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016010232A1 WO2016010232A1 PCT/KR2015/003369 KR2015003369W WO2016010232A1 WO 2016010232 A1 WO2016010232 A1 WO 2016010232A1 KR 2015003369 W KR2015003369 W KR 2015003369W WO 2016010232 A1 WO2016010232 A1 WO 2016010232A1
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- engine
- gas
- mode
- fuel
- load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/21—Control means for engine or transmission, specially adapted for use on marine vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for operating an engine of a ship including an engine capable of simultaneously using natural gas and fuel oil as fuel.
- Natural gas is usually liquefied and transported over long distances in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
- Liquefied natural gas is obtained by cooling natural gas to an extremely low temperature of about -163 ° C., and its volume is drastically reduced compared to that of gas, so it is very suitable for long distance transportation through sea.
- the boil-off gas When the pressure of the storage tank exceeds the set safety pressure due to the generation of the boil-off gas, the boil-off gas is discharged to the outside of the storage tank through the safety valve.
- the boil-off gas discharged out of the storage tank is used as fuel for the ship or liquefied and returned to the storage tank.
- each engine is driven using natural gas as fuel Gas mode; A fuel oil mode driven by using fuel oil as fuel; And a fuel distribution mode using both natural gas and fuel oil as fuel at the same time.
- the engine comprising: switching to a fuel distribution mode; Determining a proportion of gas burned in the fuel distribution mode; Calculating the amount of gas consumed in the fuel distribution mode; And feeding back the state of the engine in the fuel distribution mode.
- the ship engine operating method may be determined by operating in conjunction with the power management system and gas management system of the integrated automation system, the power management system, a diesel mode in which a plurality of engines installed in the vessel all fuel oil mode; A first mixing mode in which some of the plurality of engines are in fuel oil mode and others are in gas mode; A gas only mode in which the plurality of engines are all in gas mode; A fuel distribution only mode in which the plurality of engines are all in fuel distribution mode; A second mixing mode in which some of the plurality of engines are in fuel distribution mode and others are in gas mode; And a third mixing mode in which a part of the plurality of engines is a fuel distribution mode and the other part is a fuel oil mode.
- the gas management system may include: a total load capable of measuring an internal pressure of a liquefied natural gas storage tank installed in the vessel and assigning the engine to a gas mode based on the measured internal pressure of the storage tank; Alternatively, the ratio of driving the gas among the total loads that can be allocated to the engine in the fuel distribution mode can be calculated.
- the gas management system may forcibly switch the engine operating in the gas mode to the fuel oil mode or the fuel distribution mode when the internal pressure of the storage tank drops, and when the internal pressure of the storage tank increases, the excess evaporated gas. Can be sent to a gas burner for combustion or discharge to the outside.
- the integrated automation system loads each engine based on information on the total load that the gas management system can assign to the engine in the gas mode and the engine in the fuel distribution mode, calculated based on the pressure inside the storage tank. Can be assigned automatically.
- the power management system may be operated in a fuel distribution alone mode, and the gas management system determines the amount of boil-off gas expected to be available as fuel according to the measured pressure of the boil-off gas in the storage tank (a) Calculating a maximum load that can be obtained when the engine is operated in fuel distribution mode using a positive amount of boil-off gas (hereinafter referred to as "maximum engine load that can be produced by evaporation gas”); (B) calculating the "load by the boil-off gas assigned to each engine” by dividing the "maximum engine load that can be produced by evaporation gas” calculated in (a) by "the total number of engines”; (C) determining the ratio of natural gas and fuel oil of the fuel to be used in each engine in consideration of the "load by the boil-off gas allocated to each engine” calculated in (b); (D) operating the respective engines such that fuel oil and the boil-off gas in the storage tank are used as fuels according to the ratio determined in (c); And (e) repeating the steps (a) to (
- the power management system can be operated in a second mixed mode, the gas management system determines the amount of boil-off gas expected to be available as fuel according to the pressure of the boil-off gas in the storage tank (a) Calculating the maximum load that can be obtained when operating the engine in the fuel distribution mode and the engine in the gas mode using a positive amount of boil-off gas (hereinafter referred to as "maximum engine load that can be produced by evaporation gas”); (B) firstly distributing the "maximum engine load that can be produced by evaporation gas” calculated in (a) to the engine in the gas mode first; (C) In (b) of the "maximum engine load that can be produced by evaporation gas", the remaining load is distributed to the engine in the gas mode, and the remaining load is divided by "the number of engines in the fuel distribution mode" to "the engine in each fuel distribution mode.” Calculating " load by the assigned boil-off gas "; (D) determining the ratio of natural gas and fuel oil of the fuel to be used in the engine in each
- the power management system can be operated in a third mixing mode, the gas management system determines the amount of boil-off gas expected to be available as fuel according to the pressure of the boil-off gas in the storage tank measured by (a) Calculating a maximum load that can be obtained when the engine is operated in fuel distribution mode using a positive amount of boil-off gas (hereinafter referred to as "maximum engine load that can be produced by evaporation gas”); (B) "Maximum engine load that can be produced by evaporation gas” calculated in (A) is divided by "Number of engines in fuel distribution mode", and "Load by evaporative gas assigned to engine in each fuel distribution mode” Calculating; (C) determining the ratio of natural gas and fuel oil of the fuel to be used in the engine in each fuel distribution mode in consideration of the "load by the boil-off gas allocated to the engine in each fuel distribution mode" calculated in (b); (D) allowing the engine in fuel oil mode to bear the rest of the output of the engine required for the ship except for the load allocated
- the engine may be manually operated by a user operating the vessel, and when the boil-off gas inside the LNG storage tank installed in the vessel is sufficient to drive the engine, the power management system and the gas management Within the range of boil-off gas allowed by the system, the user can directly determine the point of optimum efficiency, and if the boil-off gas inside the storage tank is insufficient to drive the engine, the inside of the storage tank The user can directly determine the point where the optimum efficiency can be achieved within the range of maintaining the operation method for forcibly vaporizing the liquefied natural gas.
- the engine may be operated in a fuel distribution mode, and the load of the engine may be determined within a range of 15% to 85% of the total engine load.
- the engine may be operated in a fuel distribution mode, and the ratio of using gas as fuel among the loads of the engine may be determined within a range of 15% or more and 85% or less of the engine load.
- the engine may be operated in a fuel distribution mode, and as the load of the engine increases, the maximum value of the ratio of using gas as fuel among the loads of the engine may increase, and as the load of the engine increases, The minimum value of the rate at which gas is used as fuel in the engine load can be reduced.
- the power management system can be operated in a second mixed mode, allowing the number of engines in gas mode to be maximum and the number of engines in fuel distribution mode to be minimum.
- the vessel may comprise a plurality of engines, maximizing the load of the individual engines of the engines, so that the number of engines driven is minimized.
- the engine operation method of the ship (A) calculating the expected "full load of the engine using gas as fuel” according to the pressure of the boil-off gas in the storage tank; (B) calculating "total load of engine using fuel oil” by subtracting "total load of engine using gas as fuel” calculated in (b) from the engine output required by the vessel; ; (C) determining the number of engines among a plurality of engines installed in the vessel in consideration of the engine output required by the vessel and the maximum output of each engine (hereinafter referred to as “the number of movable engines”); .); (D) The total load of engines using gas as fuel calculated in subparagraph (a) is divided by the number of "moving engines” calculated in subparagraph (c). Determining a load "; And (e) determining how many engines share the "full load of an engine using fuel oil” calculated in (b) in consideration of the maximum load of the engine.
- Each load of engines in gas mode may be equal to each other, and the load of each engine in fuel distribution mode may be equal to each other.
- the engine may be a four stroke DF engine.
- the plurality of DF engine in a ship including a plurality of DF engine that can be driven in the fuel distribution mode, is operated in gas mode or fuel distribution mode, A vessel is provided which is operated to maximize the number of DF engines operating in gas mode among the plurality of DF engines and to maximize the load of each of the plurality of DF engines.
- the marine engine operating method of the present invention since the number of engines operating in the gas mode of the plurality of engines that can be operated in the gas mode (Gas Mode) and also in the fuel sharing mode (Fuel Sharing Mode) is maximized, It is possible to use all of the gas that can be discarded when operating in the fuel distribution mode is efficient, to minimize the instability in the fuel distribution mode, and to minimize the emission of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides generated during engine combustion.
- the engine operated in the fuel distribution mode uses not only gas but also fuel oil, while the gas is burned at a low load and consumes a lot of gaseous fuel, the engine operated in the gas mode can be burned at a high gas load.
- the marine engine operating method of the present invention since the number of engines operating in the gas mode of the plurality of engines that can be operated in the gas mode (Gas Mode) and also in the fuel sharing mode (Fuel Sharing Mode) is maximized, The consumption of gaseous fuel can be reduced.
- the number of engines driven by maximizing the load of the individual engines among the plurality of engines installed in the vessel is minimized, there is an effect that can extend the life of the engine as a whole.
- 1 is a graph showing the ratio of using gas as fuel among the loads of the engine in the fuel distribution mode (FSM) according to the load of the engine.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a conventional marine engine operating method when the total engine output required by the vessel is 24000 kW.
- FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a ship engine operating method according to an embodiment of the present invention when the total engine output required by the ship is 24000 kW.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a conventional marine engine operating method when the total engine output required by the vessel is 20000 kW.
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a method for operating a ship engine according to an embodiment of the present invention when the total engine output required by the ship is 20000 kW.
- the vessel on which the ship engine operating method of the present invention is installed may be a vessel of various uses, such as a LNG carrier, a LNG fuel ship, a drilling ship, and an offshore structure.
- the engine to which the marine engine operating method of the present invention is applied is preferably a DF engine, but is not limited thereto, and may be applied to any engine capable of using fuel oil and natural gas in double.
- the case where the marine engine operating method of this invention is applied to a DF engine is demonstrated to an example.
- the following examples can be modified in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the scope of the invention.
- the DF engine is an engine that can use both natural gas and fuel oil, and can be divided into a four-stroke engine and a two-stroke main engine.
- a DF engine for four-stroke power generation is usually referred to as a DF engine and is connected to a generator, and the load of the engine is determined by the connected generator. If the equipment connected to the generator requires more power, the torque that rotates the generator will increase, and as the torque increases, the engine's governor will decrease to compensate for the reduced speed. If more fuel is injected and more fuel is injected into the engine, the engine speed is increased to maintain the existing rotation speed. That is, the load of the engine is determined by the rotational speed and torque of the engine. The rotational speed of the engine is kept constant and the load of the engine is adjusted while the torque is adjusted.
- Table 1 is a table showing the consumption of fuel according to the load of the engine when the four-stroke power generation DF engine rotates at a constant speed. Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that as the engine load increases, the fuel consumption decreases linearly. In other words, the more efficient the engine is running at higher loads.
- the two-stroke main propulsion DF engine X-DF engine, ME-GI engine, etc.
- the fuel consumption does not decrease linearly as the engine load increases, but is high at low load, low at heavy load, and high again at high load.
- the existing DF engine could use both natural gas and fuel oil as fuel, it was necessary to use only one of them. It was not possible to use both natural gas and fuel oil as fuel. In other words, the existing DF engine was driven in one of two modes, a fuel oil mode (FO mode) and a gas mode (Gas mode).
- a fuel oil mode (FO mode)
- a gas mode (Gas mode).
- the ship engine operation method is mainly determined by how the power management system (PMS) and the gas management system (GMS) on the integrated automation system (IAS) are linked to each other.
- the operation method of the power management system (PMS) and the gas management system (GMS) of the ship in which the existing DF engine is installed are as follows.
- the power management system (PMS) of a ship equipped with a conventional DF engine is a fuel oil mode (FO mode). Diesel mode; A mixed mode in which a plurality of engines installed in the vessel are fuel oil mode (FO mode) and some are gas mode; And a gas only mode in which a plurality of engines installed in the ship are all gas modes. It is driven in either state.
- the gas management system (GMS) of a ship equipped with an existing DF engine measures the pressure inside the storage tank and then calculates the total load that can be assigned to the engine operating in gas mode based on the pressure inside the storage tank. .
- the existing gas management system (GMS) of ships equipped with existing DF engines provides the user with information about the total load that can be assigned to the engine in gas mode calculated on the basis of the internal pressure of the storage tank.
- GCU gas combustion unit
- the gas management system (GMS) of the vessel in which the existing DF engine is installed may serve to maintain the pressure inside the storage tank at a predetermined level.
- the integrated automation system (IAS) of a ship equipped with a DF engine is based on information on the total load that the gas management system (GMS) can assign to the engine in gas mode, which is calculated based on the pressure inside the storage tank. It also has the special feature of automatically assigning the engine load in each gas mode.
- GMS gas management system
- a fuel gas supply system (FGGS) is used to vaporize the liquefied natural gas inside the storage tank.
- the fuel gas supply system (FGGS) sends the boil-off gas to the engine when the boil-off gas in the storage tank is sufficient to operate the engine, and the surplus boil-off gas when the boil-off gas in the storage tank can run all the engines.
- the gas is sent to a gas combustion unit (GCU), and when the evaporated gas in the storage tank is insufficient to operate the engine, the liquefied natural gas in the storage tank is vaporized and sent to the engine.
- the gas management system (GMS) regulates the operation of the fuel gas supply system (FGGS) to maintain the pressure inside the storage tank.
- the fuel sharing mode refers to a state in which a DF engine uses natural gas and fuel oil simultaneously as fuel.
- the existing DF engine which could only be operated in either Gas Mode or FO Mode, has been improved to have conventional combustion performance even when fuel oil and gas are injected simultaneously.
- fuel oil mode as well as fuel distribution mode can be driven.
- the DF engine operated in any one of a gas mode, a fuel oil mode (FO Mode), and a fuel distribution mode (FSM) may be converted to a fuel distribution mode (FSM); Determining a proportion of the gas burned in the fuel distribution mode (FSM); Calculating the amount of gas consumed in the fuel distribution mode (FSM); And feeding back the state of the engine in the fuel distribution mode FSM.
- the process may include driving the fuel distribution mode FSM.
- the DF engine which is also operated in the fuel distribution mode (FSM), has an advantage in that it can maximize the use of the boil-off gas generated inside the storage tank as compared to the conventional DF engine.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- the total load of the engine required by the ship is 32000 kW
- the evaporated gas in the storage tank is capable of producing a load of 30000 kW
- the maximum load of the engine is 90
- the case of% is as follows.
- DF engines that also operate in fuel distribution mode (FSM)
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- three engines in gas mode each bear a load of 9000 kW and the remaining 5000 kW is the fuel distribution mode. Since one engine can be operated at a ratio of 3000kW of natural gas and 2000kW of fuel oil, it is possible to minimize the evaporated gas that is discarded.
- the DF engine which is also operated in the fuel distribution mode has the advantage that the fuel oil is combusted at a point where the engine efficiency is high, as compared with the conventional DF engine. That is, fuel oil producing the same amount of load is used less in the case of DF engines that are also operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM) as compared to conventional DF engines.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- a DF engine with a capacity of 1000 kW is operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM) at 50% load, producing 200 kW of gas and 300 kW of fuel oil.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- the fuel oil used to produce a 300 kW load is 69300.0 g / h in conventional DF engines, and 61200.0 g / h in DF engines operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM). It can be seen that the DF engine, which operates in fuel distribution mode (FSM) rather than the DF engine, is burned at the point where the fuel oil has high engine efficiency.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- Operation method of ship power management system (PMS) and gas management system (GMS) equipped with DF engine operated in any one of gas mode, fuel oil mode (FO mode) and fuel distribution mode (FSM) ) Is as follows.
- the power management system (PMS) of a ship equipped with a DF engine which is also operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM) is similar to the diesel mode and mixed mode (PMS) of a ship equipped with a DF engine. It may be driven in any one of a mixed mode) and a gas only mode.
- the PMS of a ship equipped with a DF engine which is also operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM) is a fuel sharing only mode in which a plurality of engines installed in the ship are all fuel distribution mode (FSM).
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- FO Mode fuel oil mode
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- a gas management system (GMS) of a vessel equipped with a DF engine which is also operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM), measures the internal pressure of the storage tank and assigns it to the engine operating in gas mode based on the internal pressure of the storage tank. Capable of full load; And a ratio of driving the gas among the total loads that can be allocated to the engine operating in the fuel distribution mode (FSM).
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- a gas management system (GMS) of a vessel equipped with a DF engine which is also operated in the fuel distribution mode (FSM)
- a total load that can be assigned to an engine in a gas mode calculated based on the pressure inside the storage tank includes: a total load that can be assigned to an engine in a gas mode calculated based on the pressure inside the storage tank; And a rate of operating with gas out of the total loads that can be allocated to the engine in fuel distribution mode (FSM); and while the internal pressure of the storage tank is lowered, Forcibly switch to oil mode or fuel distribution mode, and when the internal pressure of the storage tank rises, surplus evaporated gas is sent to the gas combustion unit (GCU) for combustion or venting to the outside.
- GCU gas combustion unit
- a gas management system (GMS) of a ship equipped with a DF engine that is also operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM), similar to a gas management system (GMS) of a ship equipped with a conventional DF engine, has a certain level of pressure in the storage tank. It can play the role of maintaining it.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- the integrated automation system (IAS) of a vessel equipped with a DF engine which is also operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM) is an engine and fuel distribution mode, which is a gas mode calculated by the gas management system (GMS) based on the pressure inside the storage tank.
- the special function of automatically allocating loads for each engine as in the case of ships with existing DF engines, The load of the engine is increased, the speed of the ship is increased, and if the pressure of the boil-off gas in the storage tank is low, the load of the engine is reduced, and the speed of the ship is slowed.
- the gas management system (GMS) of a ship equipped with a DF engine which is also operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM) has a fuel sharing only mode, fuel distribution mode (FSM) and fuel oil mode (FO mode). It can be operated in the following manner because it is linked to the power management system (PMS) which can be operated in any one of the mixed mode, the fuel distribution mode (FSM) and the mixed mode of the gas mode. have.
- Each engine is operated so that the fuel oil and the boil-off gas inside the storage tank are used as fuel according to the ratio specified in (D).
- PMS power management system
- FSM mixed mode of fuel distribution mode
- FO Mode fuel oil mode
- PMS power management system
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- Gas Mode gas mode
- (A) Determine the amount of boil-off gas expected to be used as fuel according to the measured boil-off pressure in the storage tank, and obtain the value when the engine in fuel distribution mode and the engine in gas mode are operated by using a fixed amount of boil-off gas. Calculate the maximum load possible (hereinafter referred to as "maximum engine load that can be produced by evaporation gas").
- the DF engine which is also operated in fuel distribution mode (FSM) may be manually operated by the user operating the vessel.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- PMS power management system
- GMS gas management system
- the user should determine the point that can achieve the best efficiency.
- a point for optimum efficiency may be provided within a range that maintains an operation method for forcibly vaporizing liquefied natural gas in the storage tank. You must judge it yourself.
- This embodiment can help to present a point that can achieve the optimum efficiency when the DF engine, which is also operated in the fuel distribution mode (FSM), is manually operated by the user.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the ratio of using gas as fuel among the loads of the engine in the fuel distribution mode (FSM) according to the load of the engine.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 1 is a value expressing "load of an engine” in%
- the vertical axis of FIG. 1 is a value expressing "rate of using gas as fuel” in% of the load of the engine in fuel distribution mode (FSM).
- a of FIG. 1 is a graph which shows the "maximum value of the ratio which uses gas as a fuel” according to engine load
- B of FIG. 1 shows "the minimum value of the ratio which uses gas as a fuel” according to engine load.
- FIG. 1C is a graph showing the minimum load of the engine
- FIG. 1D is a graph showing the maximum load of the engine.
- the ratio of using gas as fuel among the loads of the engine is also limited to about 15% or more and 85% or less. That is, the range of "the ratio of using gas as fuel” is limited according to the load of the engine, for example, it is not possible to operate the engine in fuel distribution mode (FSM) at the ratio of 5% gas.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- the fuel distribution mode has the advantage of minimizing the evaporated gas that is discarded, but since two different fuels, gas and fuel oil, are burned together, it is necessary to carefully control the air fuel ratio. If it is wrong, there is a disadvantage in that the gas is incombustible and the exhaust gas may contain unburned gas and be discharged. In addition, when the gas is more unburned due to the difficulty of adjusting the air-fuel ratio, the stress on the internal parts of the engine is further increased. That is, when using the fuel distribution mode (FSM), there is a greater risk of damage to the engine than when driving the engine only with fuel oil.
- the power management system PMS is a mixed mode of the fuel distribution mode FSM and the gas mode
- the maximum number of engines in the gas mode is maximized, and the number of engines in the fuel distribution mode FSM is maximized.
- damage to the engine can be prevented and emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides can be reduced.
- the PMS is a mixed mode of fuel distribution mode (FSM) and gas mode
- FSM mixed mode of fuel distribution mode
- gas mode the number of engines in gas mode is maximized to minimize the number of engines in fuel distribution mode (FSM).
- (A) Calculate the expected “full load of engine using gas” according to the pressure of the boil-off gas inside the storage tank.
- the "full load of engine using gas as fuel” includes not only the total load of the engine in gas mode, but also the load according to the gas ratio of the engine in fuel distribution mode.
- (B) Calculate "total load of engine using fuel oil” by subtracting "total load of engine using gas as fuel” calculated in (B) from engine output required by the ship. If the engine output required by the ship is less than the "full load of engine using gas as fuel” calculated in (b), the power management system (PMS) is set to fuel distribution mode (FSM) and gas mode ( Rather than operating in a mixed mode of gas mode, it is preferable to operate in a gas only mode, and the remaining evaporated gas is sent to a gas combustion device (GCU) for combustion or venting to the outside.
- PMS power management system
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- GCU gas combustion device
- (E) Considering the maximum load of the engine, determine how many engines will share the "total load of engine using fuel oil" calculated in (b). Since the power management system PMS of the present invention is a mixed mode of the fuel distribution mode (FSM) and the gas mode (Gas Mode), only the engine in the fuel distribution mode (FSM) uses the fuel oil. Is the engine in fuel distribution mode.
- FSM fuel distribution mode
- Gas Mode gas mode
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a conventional ship engine operating method when the total engine output required by the ship is 24000 kW
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a conventional engine output method required by the ship when the total engine output required by the ship is 24000 kW. It is a graph showing a marine engine operating method according to the embodiment. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the marine engine operating method of the present embodiment will be described in comparison with the conventional case as follows.
- the marine engine driving method of the present embodiment it can be seen that compared to the conventional marine engine driving method, the engine in the fuel distribution mode is reduced from three to two.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a conventional marine engine operating method when the total engine output required by the ship is 20000 kW
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a conventional engine output method required by the ship when the total engine output required by the ship is 20000 kW. It is a graph showing a marine engine operating method according to the embodiment. 4 and 5, the marine engine operating method of the present embodiment will be described as follows in comparison with the conventional case.
- Engine load to be used 4000kW: Satisfies the proportional expression of 5000kW and there is no problem.
- the number of engines operated in the gas mode is maximized, and the number of engines operated in the fuel distribution mode is minimized, thereby minimizing instability in the fuel distribution mode and generating engine combustion. It can be seen that the emission of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides can be minimized.
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Abstract
Description
부하 | 가스 | 연료유 |
% | (kJ/kWh) | (g/kWh) |
100 | 7300 | 189.0 |
95 | 7320 | 189.2 |
90 | 7345 | 189.5 |
85 | 7400 | 190.0 |
80 | 7500 | 191.0 |
75 | 7620 | 192.0 |
70 | 7700 | 193.4 |
65 | 7820 | 195.0 |
60 | 7950 | 197.5 |
55 | 8100 | 200.5 |
50 | 8260 | 204.0 |
45 | 8500 | 209.0 |
40 | 8800 | 215.0 |
35 | 9175 | 223.0 |
30 | 9560 | 231.0 |
Claims (20)
- 천연가스와 연료유를 동시에 연료로 사용할 수 있는 엔진을 포함하는 선박의 엔진 운전 방법에 있어서,각 엔진은,천연가스를 연료로 사용하여 구동되는 가스 모드;연료유를 연료로 사용하여 구동되는 연료유 모드; 및천연가스와 연료유를 동시에 연료로 사용하는 연료 분배 모드;중 어느 하나의 모드로 운전되는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 엔진은,연료 분배 모드로 전환되는 단계;연료 분배 모드에서 연소되는 가스의 비율을 결정하는 단계;연료 분배 모드에서 소모된 가스량을 계산하는 단계; 및연료 분배 모드에서의 상기 엔진의 상태를 피드백하는 단계;를 포함하는 과정을 통해 연료 분배 모드로 운전되는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 선박용 엔진 운전 방법은 통합자동화시스템의 전력관리시스템 및 가스관리시스템이 연계 운용되어 결정되고,상기 전력관리시스템은,상기 선박에 설치된 다수개의 엔진이 모두 연료유 모드인 디젤 모드;상기 다수개의 엔진의 일부는 연료유 모드이고 나머지 일부는 가스 모드인 제 1 혼합 모드;상기 다수개의 엔진이 모두 가스 모드인 가스 단독 모드;상기 다수개의 엔진이 모두 연료 분배 모드인 연료 분배 단독 모드;상기 다수개의 엔진의 일부는 연료 분배 모드이고 나머지 일부는 가스 모드인 제 2 혼합 모드; 및상기 다수개의 엔진의 일부는 연료 분배 모드이고 나머지 일부는 연료유 모드인 제 3 혼합 모드;중 어느 하나의 상태로 구동되는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 가스관리시스템은,상기 선박에 설치된 액화천연가스 저장탱크의 내부 압력을 측정하고,상기 측정한 저장탱크 내부 압력을 기준으로 가스 모드인 엔진에 할당할 수 있는 전체 부하; 또는 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에 할당할 수 있는 전체 부하 중 가스로 운전되는 비율;을 계산하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 가스관리시스템은,상기 저장탱크의 내부 압력이 떨어지는 경우에는 가스 모드로 운전 중인 엔진을 연료유 모드 또는 연료 분배 모드로 강제 전환시키고,상기 저장탱크의 내부 압력이 올라가는 경우에는 잉여 증발가스를 가스연소장치로 보내 연소시키거나 외부로 배출시키는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 통합자동화시스템은,상기 가스관리시스템이 상기 저장탱크 내부 압력을 기준으로 계산한, 가스 모드인 엔진 및 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에 할당할 수 있는 전체 부하에 관한 정보에 기초하여, 각 엔진의 부하를 자동으로 할당하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 전력관리시스템은 연료 분배 단독 모드로 운용되고,상기 가스관리시스템은,(가) 측정한 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스 압력에 따라 연료로 사용할 수 있을 것이라고 기대되는 증발가스량을 정하고, 정해진 양의 증발가스를 사용하여 연료 분배 모드인 엔진을 운전하였을 때 얻을 수 있는 최대 부하를 계산하는 단계(이하, "증발가스에 의해 생산 가능한 최대 엔진 부하"라고 한다.);(나) (가)에서 계산한 "증발가스에 의해 생산 가능한 최대 엔진 부하"를 "전체 엔진 댓수"로 나누어, "각각의 엔진에 할당되는 증발가스에 의한 부하"를 계산하는 단계;(다) (나)에서 계산한 "각각의 엔진에 할당되는 증발가스에 의한 부하"를 고려하여 상기 각 엔진에서 사용할 연료의 천연가스와 연료유의 비율을 정하는 단계;(라) (다)에서 정한 비율에 따라 연료유 및 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스가 연료로 사용되도록 상기 각 엔진을 운전하는 단계; 및(마) 상기 각 엔진을 운전하는 도중에 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스 압력이 변경될 경우, 변경된 압력에 따라 (가) 내지 (라)의 과정을 반복하는 단계;를 포함하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 전력관리시스템은 제 2 혼합 모드로 운용되고,상기 가스관리시스템은,(가) 측정한 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스 압력에 따라 연료로 사용할 수 있을 것이라고 기대되는 증발가스량을 정하고, 정해진 양의 증발가스를 사용하여 연료 분배 모드인 엔진 및 가스 모드인 엔진을 운전하였을 때 얻을 수 있는 최대 부하를 계산하는 단계(이하, "증발가스에 의해 생산 가능한 최대 엔진 부하"라고 한다.);(나) (가)에서 계산한 "증발가스에 의해 생산 가능한 최대 엔진 부하"를 먼저 상기 가스 모드인 엔진에 각각 분배하는 단계;(다) "증발가스에 의해 생산 가능한 최대 엔진 부하" 중 (나)에서 상기 가스 모드인 엔진에 분배하고 남은 부하를 "연료 분배 모드인 엔진 댓수"로 나누어, "각각의 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에 할당되는 증발가스에 의한 부하"를 계산하는 단계;(라) (다)에서 계산한 "각각의 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에 할당되는 증발가스에 의한 부하"를 고려하여, 상기 각 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에서 사용할 연료의 천연가스와 연료유의 비율을 정하는 단계;(마) (나)에서 정해진 상기 가스 모드인 엔진이 감당하는 부하; 및 (라)에서 정해진 상기 연료 분배 모드인 엔진의 천연가스와 연료유의 비율;에 따라 연료유 및 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스가 연료로 사용되도록 상기 각 엔진을 운전하는 단계;(바) 상기 각 엔진을 운전하는 도중에 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스 압력이 변경될 경우, 변경된 압력에 따라 (가) 내지 (마)의 과정을 반복하는 단계; 및(사) 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스의 양이 줄어들 경우 상기 연료 분배 모드인 엔진의 연료유 비율을 높이고, 일정 수준 이상으로 연료유가 필요하게 되면 상기 가스 모드인 엔진의 일부 또는 전부를 연료 분배 모드로 전환하는 단계;를 포함하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 전력관리시스템은 제 3 혼합 모드로 운용되고,상기 가스관리시스템은,(가) 측정한 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스 압력에 따라 연료로 사용할 수 있을 것이라고 기대되는 증발가스량을 정하고, 정해진 양의 증발가스를 사용하여 연료 분배 모드인 엔진을 운전하였을 때 얻을 수 있는 최대 부하를 계산하는 단계(이하, "증발가스에 의해 생산 가능한 최대 엔진 부하"라고 한다.);(나) (가)에서 계산한 "증발가스에 의해 생산 가능한 최대 엔진 부하"를 "연료 분배 모드인 엔진의 댓수"로 나누어, "각각의 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에 할당되는 증발가스에 의한 부하"를 계산하는 단계;(다) (나)에서 계산한 "각각의 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에 할당되는 증발가스에 의한 부하"를 고려하여 상기 각 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에서 사용할 연료의 천연가스와 연료유의 비율을 정하는 단계;(라) 상기 선박에 필요한 엔진의 출력 중 상기 연료 분배 모드인 엔진에 할당되는 부하를 제외한 나머지는 연료유 모드인 엔진이 감당하도록 하는 단계;(마) (다)에서 정해진 상기 연료 분배 모드인 엔진의 천연가스와 연료유의 비율; 및 (라)에서 정해진 상기 연료유 모드인 엔진이 감당하는 부하;에 따라 연료유 및 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스가 연료로 사용되도록 상기 각 엔진을 운전하는 단계; 및(바) 상기 각 엔진을 운전하는 도중에 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스 압력이 변경될 경우, 변경된 압력에 따라 (가) 내지 (마)의 과정을 반복하는 단계;를 포함하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 엔진은 상기 선박을 운전하는 사용자에 의해 수동으로 운전되고,상기 선박에 설치된 액화천연가스 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스가 상기 엔진을 구동시키기에 충분한 경우에는, 상기 전력관리시스템 및 상기 가스관리시스템에 의해 허용되는 증발가스 범위 내에서, 최적의 효율을 발휘할 수 있는 지점을 사용자가 직접 판단하고,상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스가 상기 엔진을 구동시키기에 부족한 경우에는, 상기 저장탱크 내부의 액화천연가스를 강제 기화시키는 운전 방식을 유지하는 범위 내에서, 최적의 효율을 발휘할 수 있는 지점을 사용자가 직접 판단하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 엔진은 연료 분배 모드로 운전되고,상기 엔진의 부하는, 상기 엔진 전체 부하의 15%이상 85%이하의 범위 내에서 결정되는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 엔진은 연료 분배 모드로 운전되고,상기 엔진의 부하 중 가스를 연료로 사용하는 비율은, 상기 엔진 부하의 15%이상 85%이하의 범위 내에서 결정되는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 엔진은 연료 분배 모드로 운전되고,상기 엔진의 부하가 커질수록, 상기 엔진의 부하 중 가스를 연료로 사용하는 비율의 최대값은 증가하고,상기 엔진의 부하가 커질수록, 상기 엔진의 부하 중 가스를 연료로 사용하는 비율의 최소값은 감소하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 전력관리시스템은 제 2 혼합 모드로 운용되고,가스 모드인 엔진의 댓수는 최대가 되도록 하고,연료 분배 모드인 엔진의 댓수는 최소가 되도록 하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 선박은 다수개의 엔진을 포함하고,상기 엔진 중 개별 엔진의 부하를 최대로 하여, 구동되는 엔진의 댓수가 최소가 되도록 하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,(가) 상기 저장탱크 내부의 증발가스 압력에 따라 기대되는 "가스를 연료로 사용하는 엔진의 전체 부하"를 계산하는 단계;(나) 상기 선박이 필요로 하는 엔진 출력에서 (나)에서 계산한 "가스를 연료로 사용하는 엔진의 전체 부하"를 공제하여 "연료유를 연료로 사용하는 엔진의 전체 부하"를 계산하는 단계;(다) 상기 선박이 필요로 하는 엔진 출력 및 상기 각 엔진의 최대 출력을 고려하여 상기 선박에 설치된 다수개의 엔진 중 몇 대의 엔진을 구동시킬 것인지를 결정하는 단계(이하, "가동 엔진 댓수"라고 한다.);(라) (가)에서 계산한 "가스를 연료로 사용하는 엔진의 전체 부하"를 (다)에서 계산한 "가동 엔진 댓수"로 나누어 상기 각 엔진에 공급될 "가스를 연료로 사용하는 엔진의 부하"를 결정하는 단계; 및(마) 상기 엔진의 최대 부하를 고려하여 (나)에서 계산한 "연료유를 연료로 사용하는 엔진의 전체 부하"를 몇 대의 엔진이 나누어 부담할지 결정하는 단계;를 포함하는, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 16에 있어서,가스 모드인 엔진 및 연료 분배 모드인 엔진의 모든 "가스를 연료로 사용하는 엔진 부하"는 동일한, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 16에 있어서,가스 모드인 엔진들의 각 부하가 서로 동일하고,연료 분배 모드인 각 엔진의 부하가 서로 동일한, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 청구항 18 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 엔진은 4행정 발전용 DF엔진인, 선박의 엔진 운전 방법.
- 연료 분배 모드로 구동될 수 있는 DF엔진을 다수개 포함하는 선박에 있어서,상기 다수개의 DF엔진은 가스 모드 또는 연료 분배 모드로 운전되고,상기 다수개의 DF엔진 중 가스 모드로 운전되는 DF엔진의 댓수를 최대로 하고, 상기 다수개의 DF엔진 각각의 부하를 최대로 하도록 운전되는, 선박.
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JP2017502811A JP6718433B2 (ja) | 2014-07-18 | 2015-04-03 | 船舶用エンジンの運転方法 |
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