WO2016008198A1 - 一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法 - Google Patents

一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016008198A1
WO2016008198A1 PCT/CN2014/085197 CN2014085197W WO2016008198A1 WO 2016008198 A1 WO2016008198 A1 WO 2016008198A1 CN 2014085197 W CN2014085197 W CN 2014085197W WO 2016008198 A1 WO2016008198 A1 WO 2016008198A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
laser
impact
laser shock
grid
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English (en)
French (fr)
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鲁金忠
邢佳
罗开玉
林通
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to US15/307,891 priority Critical patent/US10512987B2/en
Publication of WO2016008198A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016008198A1/zh
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/3568Modifying rugosity
    • B23K26/3576Diminishing rugosity, e.g. by grinding, polishing or smoothing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073Shaping the laser spot
    • B23K26/0732Shaping the laser spot into a rectangular shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/146Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/18Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/356Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a method for obtaining a uniform surface topography of a large area, which is particularly suitable for uniform strengthening treatment of a large-area metal surface.
  • Laser shock peening (also known as laser peening) is a new type of material surface strengthening technology that uses high-laser-induced shock wave mechanical effects to process materials with high pressure, high energy, ultra-fast and ultra-high strain rates.
  • the residual compressive stress layer formed by the invention can effectively eliminate the stress concentration inside the material and inhibit the initiation and expansion of the crack, and can significantly improve the fatigue life and corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the metal parts.
  • a large number of studies prove that the laser shock strengthening technology is extended.
  • the crack initiation time reduces the crack growth rate and improves the material life.
  • the microstructure of the workpiece surface has a significant effect on its quality and performance, directly affecting the contact strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, sealing, and fatigue resistance of the workpiece surface.
  • the surface of the workpiece will be plastically deformed to form micro-pits in the middle region, and the edge of the spot will be easily convex due to the boundary effect.
  • the surface roughness will increase and stress concentration will be formed, resulting in fatigue crack initiation and development.
  • Area laser shock peening usually uses a circular spot lap impact to cause a large surface roughness, which does not meet the surface roughness requirements of power transmission key components (such as turbine engine fan blades). Circular spot lap impact can also cause residual stress.
  • the surface is uneven and inconsistent in the depth direction, resulting in fatigue failure of the workpiece to be processed.
  • the present invention provides a laser shock peening method for obtaining a large-area uniform surface topography, that is, a grid-like absorbing layer with a staggered thickness is matched with a two-layer interlaced laser impact processing method, which is significantly reduced.
  • the height difference between the micro-protrusions and the micro-pits generated by the square spot impact effectively reduces the roughness of the surface of the workpiece, thereby forming a large-area uniform surface micro-morphology and strengthening effect on the surface of the workpiece.
  • the output power and spot parameters of the laser are set by the laser control device so that the spot shape is square, and the overlapping distance of adjacent square spots is f.
  • the laser is turned on, and the first layer laser shock strengthening of the workpiece to be machined surface is realized by the numerical control system controlling the movement and rotation of the five-axis table by the progressive machining method.
  • the laser is turned on, and the second layer laser shock strengthening of the workpiece surface to be processed is realized by the numerical control system controlling the movement and rotation of the five-axis table by the numerical processing system.
  • the pulsed laser beam for laser shock enhancement used in the present invention is a square spot having a side length of 2-8, a frequency of l-5 Hz, a pulse width of 8-30 ns, and a pulse energy of 3-15 J.
  • the mesh absorbing layer is designed such that the absorbing layer region corresponding to the adjacent square spot overlapping region adopts a small thickness ⁇ , the absorbing layer of other regions adopts a larger thickness d 2 ; the mesh absorbing layer has a smaller surface thickness at the front surface.
  • the groove is the groove and the back surface is the plane; the smaller thickness of the absorption layer can be calculated according to the formula, wherein the coating gasification speed is the pressure pulse duration, which is 3-4 times the pulse laser pulse width, and the larger thickness d 2 can be Formula calculation, where is the Poisson's ratio of the impact material, the groove on the front surface is 0.1-0.2 mm, and the back of the network absorption layer is sticky and can be adsorbed on the surface of the smooth workpiece;
  • the process parameters of the two layers of laser shock strong processing remain unchanged, and the position of the starting point of the second layer laser shock strengthening treatment is different from the X direction of the starting point of the first layer laser shock strengthening treatment.
  • the difference is a/2; the overlap ratio f/a of adjacent spots between rows and columns during laser impact enhancement of each layer of square spot is 8-12%
  • the preparation method of the absorption layer of the invention is as follows: GN-521 silicone gel, cyanoacrylate and methyl tert-butyl ether are reacted at a ratio of mass ratio of 5:3 2 at 70-90 ° C for 10 min to 30 min.
  • the front side is pressed according to the side length of the square spot and the lap joint, and the back surface is flat, and after cooling, a mesh absorbing layer having a thickness of 0.8-1 mm is formed.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the height difference between the micro-pits and the micro-protrusions is significantly reduced, the plastic deformation of the surface of the workpiece is controlled, and the surface roughness is effectively reduced.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a laser shock reinforced device for obtaining a large-area uniform surface topography.
  • 2 is a schematic view of the front side of the grid-shaped absorption layer
  • DD is a schematic diagram of the interface of the grid-like absorption layer.
  • a is the square spot size
  • f is the overlapping distance of adjacent square spots
  • the overlap ratio is f/a
  • is adjacent
  • d 2 is the thickness of the absorption layer in other regions.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the laser shock area spot on the surface of the workpiece.
  • l is the height difference between the micro-protrusions and the micro-pits after the first laser impact
  • h 2 is the height difference between the micro-protrusions and the micro-pits after the second laser shock.
  • the invention provides a laser shock strengthening method for obtaining a large-area uniform surface topography, that is, a grid-like absorption layer with a staggered thickness is matched with a two-layer interlaced laser impact processing method, and the micro-spot impact is slightly reduced.
  • the height difference between the protrusion and the micro-pit is effective to reduce the roughness of the surface of the workpiece, thereby forming a large-area uniform surface micro-morphology and strengthening effect on the surface of the workpiece, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • the workpiece 6 is mounted on the five-axis table 7, and the mesh-like absorbing layer 5 is covered on the surface to be processed of the workpiece 6.
  • the laser power control device 2 sets the output power and the spot parameter of the laser 1 so that the spot shape is square, and the overlapping distance of the adjacent square spot is f.
  • the pulsed laser beam for laser shock peening used in the present invention is a square spot having a side length of 2-8 mm, a frequency of l-5 Hz, and a pulse width of 8-30 ns; That is, the absorbing layer region corresponding to the adjacent square spot overlapping region adopts a small thickness, and the absorbing layer of other regions adopts a larger thickness d 2 ; the front surface of the mesh absorbing layer has a smaller thickness at the groove and the back surface is a plane; The smaller thickness can be calculated according to the formula, where is the vaporization speed of the coating, which is the duration of the pressure pulse, generally 3-4 times the pulse laser pulse width.
  • the larger thickness d 2 can be calculated according to the formula, where Poisson is the impact material. Ratio, the front surface groove fillet is 0.1-0.2 mm, the back of the network absorption layer is sticky, can be adsorbed on the surface of the smooth workpiece; using two layers of staggered laser impact enhancement, the two-layer laser impact processing process parameters remain unchanged, and The position of the starting point of the two-layer laser shock peening treatment is different from the starting point of the first layer of laser shock peening processing by a/2, and the Y direction is different by a/2; each layer of square spot laser impact strengthening process is inter-row and Overlapping between adjacent spots ratio f / a is 8-12%.
  • the preparation method of the absorption layer of the invention is as follows: GN-521 silicone gel, cyanoacrylate and methyl tert-butyl ether are reacted at a ratio of mass ratio of 5:3:2 at 70-90 ° C for 10 min ⁇ 30 Min, the front side is pressed according to the square spot length and the lap joint, and the back surface is flat. After cooling, a grid absorption layer with a thickness of 0.8-1 mm is formed.
  • laser impact enhancement is performed on the center 23mm> ⁇ 23 mm area of 65mmx23mmx2mm Ti6342; the process parameters of the laser are: pulse width 8ns, frequency 1 ⁇ , pulse energy 6J, spot shape square, spot size a 5 mm, The overlapping distance f of the adjacent square spot is 0.5 mm.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • the laser beam starting position coincides with the center of a single grid of the grid-like absorbing layer at point A, and is accurately positioned along the X-axis and the Y-axis of the grid constraining layer, and the workpiece is to be processed by a progressive processing method.
  • the surface is subjected to a first layer of laser shock enhancement.
  • the surface roughness of this embodiment has good consistency, and the surface roughness R z is about 2.5; the surface roughness of the lap joint portion of the single layer point-by-point laser impact mode is about 3.1 under the same parameter, and the surface roughness of the experimental surface method is Compared with the single-layer point-by-point laser shock mode under the same parameters, there is a significant improvement.
  • laser impact enhancement is performed on the center 23mm> ⁇ 23 mm area of 65mmx23mmx2mm Ti6342; the process parameters of the laser are: pulse width 10ns, frequency 5Hz, pulse energy 6J, spot shape square, spot size a 5mm, phase
  • the lap distance f of the adjacent square spot is 0.5 mm.
  • the laser beam starting position coincides with the center of a single grid of the grid-like absorbing layer at point A, and is accurately positioned along the X-axis and the Y-axis of the grid constraining layer, and the workpiece is to be processed by a progressive processing method.
  • the surface is subjected to a first layer of laser shock enhancement.
  • the surface roughness of this embodiment has good consistency, and the surface roughness R z is about 2.6.
  • Experimental surface The surface roughness of the method is significantly improved compared with the single-layer point-by-point laser impact mode under the same parameters.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法,利用吸收层厚度与激光冲击强化塑性变形关系,采用厚度交错分布的网格状吸收层(5)与两层交错的激光冲击加工方法相配合,明显降低方形光斑冲击产生的微凸起(10)与微凹坑(12)的高度差,有效减小工件表面的粗糙度,从而在工件表面形成大面积均匀表面微形貌。

Description

一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法
技术领域
本发明涉及激光加工领域,特指一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌方法,特别适 合于大面积金属表面的均匀强化处理。
背景技术
激光冲击强化 (又叫激光喷丸)是一种新型的材料表面强化技术, 利用强激光 诱导的冲击波力学效应对材料进行加工, 具有高压、 高能、 超快和超高应变率等 特点。其形成的残余压应力层能有效地消除材料内部的应力集中和抑制裂纹的萌 生和扩展, 能够显著提高金属零件的疲劳寿命以及抗腐蚀和抗磨损能力, 大量的 研究证明激光冲击强化技术是延长裂纹萌生时间降低裂纹扩展速度提高材料寿 命的有效手段。
工件表面的微观形貌对其质量和性能有显著影响,直接影响到工件表面的接 触强度、 抗腐蚀性、 耐磨性、 密封性、 抗疲劳性等。
由于激光冲击强化会使工件表面光斑冲击中间区域产生塑性变形形成微凹 坑, 在光斑边缘由于边界效应容易凸起, 表面粗糙度增大, 形成应力集中, 导致 疲劳裂纹萌生和发展;常用零件大面积激光冲击强化通常采用圆形光斑搭接冲击 导致表面粗糙度较大, 满足不了动力传递关键部件 (比如涡轮发动机风扇叶片) 的表面粗糙度的要求,圆形光斑搭接冲击也会导致残余应力表面不均匀和深度方 向上的不一致, 从而导致待处理工件疲劳失效。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲 击强化方法,即采用厚度交错分布的网格状吸收层与两层交错的激光冲击加工方 法相配合, 明显降低方形光斑冲击产生的微凸起与微凹坑的高度差,有效减小工 件表面的粗糙度, 从而在工件表面形成大面积均匀表面微形貌和强化效果, 具体 步骤为:
(1)将工件安装五轴工作台上, 并在工件待加工表面覆盖网格状吸收层。
(2)通过激光器控制装置设定激光器的输出功率和光斑参数, 使其光斑形状为方 形, 相邻方形光斑的搭接距离为 f。
(3)通过数控系统调节五轴工作台使激光束位置与网格状吸收层的单个网格拐角 重合在冲击区域起始拐角作为第一层的激光冲击强化处理起始点位置,即图 3(a) 中的 A点, 并使网格约束层的 X轴和 Y轴与工作台的 X轴和 Y轴一致。
(4)采用流水作为约束层, 打开激光器, 采用逐行加工的方法通过数控系统控制 五轴工作台的移动和转动实现对工件待加工表面进行第一层激光冲击强化。
(5) 通过数控系统调节五轴工作台使激光束位置与网格状吸收层的单个网格拐 角的重合位置从步骤(3 )中的冲击区域起始拐角 X方向向冲击区域外偏移 a/2 Y方向向冲击区域外偏移 a/2, 作为第二层的激光冲击强化处理起始点位置, 即 图 3 (b ) 中的 B点, 并使网格约束层的 X轴和 Y轴与工作台的 X轴和 Y轴一 致。
(6)采用流水作为约束层, 打开激光器, 采用逐行加工的方法通过数控系统控制 五轴工作台的移动和转动实现对工件待加工表面进行第二层激光冲击强化。
本发明所采用的激光冲击强化用的脉冲激光束为正方形光斑, 边长为 2-8 频率为 l-5 Hz, 脉宽为 8-30 ns, 脉冲能量 3-15 J
所述的网格吸收层的设计为即相邻方形光斑搭接区域对应的吸收层区域采 用较小厚度 ^, 其他区域的吸收层采用较大厚度 d2 ; 网格吸收层正面表面较小 厚度处为凹槽, 背面为平面; 吸收层较小厚度 可根据公式计算, 其中为涂层 气化速度, 为压力脉冲持续时间, 为脉冲激光脉宽 3-4倍, 较大厚度 d2可根据公 式计算, 其中为冲击材料的泊松比, 正面表面凹槽圆角为 0.1-0.2 mm, 网络吸收 层背面具有粘性, 能够吸附在光滑工件表面;
采用两层交错激光冲击强化,两层激光冲击强处理工艺参数保持不变, 并且 第二层激光冲击强化处理起始点位置与第一层激光冲击强化处理起始点位置 X 方向相差 a/2 Y方向相差 a/2; 每层方形光斑激光冲击强化过程中行间和列间相 邻光斑的搭接率 f/a为 8-12%
本发明采用吸收层制备方法为: 将 GN-521有机硅凝胶、 氰基丙烯酸酯、 甲 基叔丁基醚按照质量比 5 : 3 2的比例在 70-90°C反应 10 min~30 min, 正面根据 方形光斑边长和搭接率制凸模压制, 背面为平面, 冷却以后形成 0.8-1 mm厚度 的网格吸收层。
本发明的有益效果: 明显降低微凹坑与微凸起的高度差,控制工件表面塑性 变形, 有效减小表面粗糙度。
附图说明
图 1为获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化装置示意图。 图 2为网格状吸收层正面示意图, D-D为网格状吸收层界面示意图. 其中 a 为方形光斑尺寸, f为相邻方形光斑搭接距离, 搭接率为 f/a, ^为相邻方形光斑 搭接区域吸收层的厚度, d2为其他区域的吸收层厚度。
图 3为工件表面激光冲击区域光斑示意图.(a)第一层, (b)第二层; 其中 a为 方形光斑尺寸, f为相邻方形光斑搭接距离; A为第一层激光冲击起始点, B为 第二层激光冲击起始点。
图 4为激光冲击后工件截面示意图. 其中 l 为第一次激光冲击后微凸起与微 凹坑的高度差, h2为第二次激光冲击后微凸起与微凹坑的高度差。
图中: 1. 激光器, 2. 激光器控制装置, 3. 方形激光束, 4. 流水约束层, 5. 网格状吸收层, 6. 工件, 7. 五轴工作台, 8. 数控系统, 9. 矩形激光冲击区域, 10. 微凸起, 1 1. 初始平面位置, 12. 微凹坑, 22. 中间区域, 23. 过渡区域, 24. 边缘区域。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发作明详细说明。
本发明提供了一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法,即采用厚 度交错分布的网格状吸收层与两层交错的激光冲击加工方法相配合,明显降低方 形光斑冲击产生的微凸起与微凹坑的高度差, 有效减小工件表面的粗糙度, 从而 在工件表面形成大面积均匀表面微形貌和强化效果, 具体步骤为:
(1)将工件 6安装五轴工作台 7上, 并在工件 6待加工表面覆盖网格状吸收层 5。
(2)通过激光器控制装置 2设定激光器 1 的输出功率和光斑参数, 使其光斑形状 为方形, 相邻方形光斑的搭接距离为 f。
(3)通过数控系统 8调节五轴工作台 7使激光束位置与网格状吸收层 5的单个网 格中心重合在 A点, 并使网格约束层的 X轴和 Y轴与工作台的 X轴和 Y轴一 致。
(4)采用流水约束层 4, 打开激光器 1, 采用逐行加工的方法通过数控系统 8控制 五轴工作台 7的移动和转动实现对工件 6待加工表面进行第一层激光冲击强化。
(5)通过数控系统 8调节五轴工作台 7使激光束位置与网格状吸收层 5的单个网 格中心重合在 B点,并使网格约束层的 X轴和 Y轴与工作台的 X轴和 Y轴一致。
(6)采用流水约束层 4, 打开激光器 1, 采用逐行加工的方法通过数控系统 8控 制五轴工作台 7的移动和转动实现对工件 6待加工表面进行第二层激光冲击强化。 本发明所采用的激光冲击强化用的脉冲激光束为正方形光斑, 边长为 2-8 mm, 频率为 l-5 Hz, 脉宽为 8-30 ns; 所述的网格吸收层的设计为即相邻方形光 斑搭接区域对应的吸收层区域采用较小厚度 ,其他区域的吸收层采用较大厚度 d2 ; 网格吸收层正面表面较小厚度处为凹槽, 背面为平面; 吸收层较小厚度 可根据公式计算, 其中为涂层气化速度, 为压力脉冲持续时间, 一般为脉冲激光 脉宽 3-4倍, 较大厚度 d2可根据公式计算, 其中为冲击材料的泊松比, 正面表面 凹槽圆角为 0.1-0.2 mm, 网络吸收层背面具有粘性, 能够吸附在光滑工件表面; 采用两层交错激光冲击强化,两层激光冲击强处理工艺参数保持不变, 并且第二 层激光冲击强化处理起始点位置与第一层激光冲击强化处理起始点位置 X方向 相差 a/2, Y方向相差 a/2; 每层方形光斑激光冲击强化过程中行间和列间相邻光 斑的搭接率 f/a为 8-12%。
本发明采用吸收层制备方法为: 将 GN-521有机硅凝胶、 氰基丙烯酸酯、 甲 基叔丁基醚按照质量比 5 : 3: 2的比例在 70-90°C反应 10 min~30 min, 正面根据 方形光斑边长和搭接率制凸模压制, 背面为平面, 冷却以后形成 0.8-1 mm厚度 的网格吸收层。
实施例一
如图 3对 65mmx23mmx2 mm的 Ti6342的中心 23mm><23 mm区域进行激光 冲击强化; 激光器的工艺参数为: 脉宽 8ns, 频率 1Ηζ, 脉冲能量 6J, 光斑形状 为方形, 光斑尺寸 a为 5 mm, 相邻方形光斑的搭接距离 f为 0.5 mm, 具体操作 步骤如下:
( 1 ) 以图 2方式制备 27.5mmx27.5mm (网格数 6x6) 网格状吸收层, 其中较小 厚度 为 80(^1^ 其他区域的吸收层采用较大厚度 d2为 950μιη, a为 5mm, f 为 0.5mm, 即单个吸收层网格边长为 4.5mm。
(2) 将工件清洗抛光处理安装于五轴工作台, 并在工件待加工表面覆盖网格状 吸收层, 以流水作为约束层。
( 3 )使激光束起始位置与网格状吸收层的单个网格中心重合在 A点, 并沿网格 约束层的 X轴和 Y轴精确定位, 采用逐行加工的方法对工件待加工表面进行第 一层激光冲击强化。
(4) 将冲击过的网格吸收层去除, 在工件表面覆盖新的同样的网格吸收层, 其 中单个网格中心位于 B点, 其中与先前网格吸收层起始位置 X方向相差 a/2, 即 L3=a/2, Y方向位置保持不变, 使激光束起始位置与网格状吸收层的单个网格中 心重合在 B点, 并沿网格约束层的 X轴和 Y轴精确定位, 采用逐行加工的方法 对工件待加工表面进行第二层激光冲击强化直到整个加工区域加工完成。
本实施例表面粗糙度拥有良好的一致性, 表面粗糙度 Rz约为 2.5 ; 同参数 下单层逐点的激光冲击模式搭接部分表面粗糙度约为 3.1, 实验表面本方法表面 粗糙度相比同参数下单层逐点的激光冲击模式有显著提升。
实施例二
如图 3对 65mmx23mmx2 mm的 Ti6342的中心 23mm><23 mm区域进行激光 冲击强化; 激光器的工艺参数为: 脉宽 10ns, 频率 5Hz, 脉冲能量 6J, 光斑形 状为方形, 光斑尺寸 a为 5mm, 相邻方形光斑的搭接距离 f为 0.5mm, 具体操 作步骤如下:
( 1 ) 以图 2方式制备 27.5mmx27.5mm (网格数 6x6 ) 网格状吸收层, 其中较小 厚度 ^为 900μιη, 其他区域的吸收层采用较大厚度 d2为 1050μιη, a为 5mm, f 为 0.5mm, 即单个吸收层网格边长为 4.5mm。
( 2 ) 将工件清洗抛光处理安装于五轴工作台, 并在工件待加工表面覆盖网格状 吸收层, 以流水作为约束层。
( 3 )使激光束起始位置与网格状吸收层的单个网格中心重合在 A点, 并沿网格 约束层的 X轴和 Y轴精确定位, 采用逐行加工的方法对工件待加工表面进行第 一层激光冲击强化。
( 4 ) 将冲击过的网格吸收层去除, 在工件表面覆盖新的同样的网格吸收层, 其 中单个网格中心位于 B点, 其中与先前网格吸收层起始位置 X方向相差 a/2,即 L3=a/2,Y方向位置保持不变, 使激光束起始位置与网格状吸收层的单个网格中 心重合在 B点, 并沿网格约束层的 X轴和 Y轴精确定位, 采用逐行加工的方法 对工件待加工表面进行第二层激光冲击强化直到整个加工区域加工完成。
本实施例表面粗糙度拥有良好的一致性, 表面粗糙度 Rz约为 2.6 ; 实验表 面本方法表面粗糙度相比同参数下单层逐点的激光冲击模式有显著提升。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法, 其特征在于: 采用厚度 交错分布的网格状吸收层与两层交错的激光冲击加工方法相配合,两层激光冲击 强处理工艺参数保持不变,并且第二层激光冲击强化处理起始点位置与第一层激 光冲击强化处理起始点位置 X方向相差 a/2, Y方向相差 a/2; 从而降低方形光 斑冲击产生的微凸起与微凹坑的高度差,有效减小工件表面的粗糙度, 从而在工 件表面形成大面积均匀表面微形貌和强化效果。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法, 其 特征在于具体步骤如下:
( 1 ) 将工件安装五轴工作台上, 并在工件待加工表面覆盖网格状吸收层;
(2) 通过激光器控制装置设定激光器的输出功率和光斑参数, 使其光斑形状为 方形, 相邻方形光斑的搭接距离为 f;
(3 ) 通过数控系统调节五轴工作台使激光束位置与网格状吸收层的单个网格拐 角重合在冲击区域起始拐角作为第一层的激光冲击强化处理起始点位置,并使网 格约束层的 X轴和 Y轴与工作台的 X轴和 Y轴一致;
(4) 采用流水作为约束层, 打开激光器, 采用逐行加工的方法通过数控系统控 制五轴工作台的移动和转动实现对工件待加工表面进行第一层激光冲击强化;
(5) 通过数控系统调节五轴工作台使激光束位置与网格状吸收层的单个网格拐 角的重合位置从步骤(3 )中的冲击区域起始拐角 X方向向冲击区域外偏移 a/2, Y方向向冲击区域外偏移 a/2, 作为第二层的激光冲击强化处理起始点位置, 并 使网格约束层的 X轴和 Y轴与工作台的 X轴和 Y轴一致, a为方形光斑尺寸;
(6) 采用流水作为约束层, 打开激光器, 采用逐行加工的方法通过数控系统控 制五轴工作台的移动和转动实现对工件待加工表面进行第二层激光冲击强化。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法, 其 特征在于: 所述方形光斑的边长为 2-8 mm; 所述激光冲击强化的工艺参数为: 激光频率为 l-5 Hz, 脉宽为 8-30 ns, 脉冲能量 3-15 J。
4. 如权利要求 2所述的一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法, 其 特征在于所述的网格吸收层的设计为:相邻方形光斑搭接区域对应的吸收层区域 采用较小厚度 4, 其他区域的吸收层采用较大厚度 d2; 网格吸收层正面表面较 小厚度处为凹槽, 背面为平面; 吸收层较小厚度 (^根据公式计算, 其中为涂层 气化速度, 为压力脉冲持续时间, 为脉冲激光脉宽 3-4倍, 较大厚度 (12可根据公 式计算, 其中为冲击材料的泊松比, 正面表面凹槽圆角为 0.1-0.2 mm, 网络吸收 层背面具有粘性, 能够吸附在光滑工件表面。
5. 如权利要求 2所述的一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法, 其 特征在于: 每层方形光斑激光冲击强化过程中行间和列间相邻光斑的搭接率 f/a 为 8-12%。
6. 如权利要求 2所述的一种获得大面积均匀表面形貌的激光冲击强化方法, 其 特征在于所述网格吸收层制备方法为: 将 GN-521有机硅凝胶、 氰基丙烯酸酯、 甲基叔丁基醚按照质量比 5: 3: 2的比例在 70-90°C反应 10 min~30 min, 正面根 据方形光斑边长和搭接率制凸模压制, 背面为平面, 冷却以后形成 0.8-1 mm厚 度的网格吸收层。
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