WO2016005204A1 - Expandable tubular element bearing one or more inflatable seals - Google Patents

Expandable tubular element bearing one or more inflatable seals Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016005204A1
WO2016005204A1 PCT/EP2015/064444 EP2015064444W WO2016005204A1 WO 2016005204 A1 WO2016005204 A1 WO 2016005204A1 EP 2015064444 W EP2015064444 W EP 2015064444W WO 2016005204 A1 WO2016005204 A1 WO 2016005204A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubular element
inflatable
seal
annular
parts
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/064444
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Louis Saltel
Samuel Roselier
Robin LAUPIE
Original Assignee
Saltel Industries
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saltel Industries filed Critical Saltel Industries
Priority to DK15731361.0T priority Critical patent/DK3167148T3/en
Priority to US15/325,663 priority patent/US20170159401A1/en
Priority to EP15731361.0A priority patent/EP3167148B1/en
Publication of WO2016005204A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016005204A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
    • E21B33/1216—Anti-extrusion means, e.g. means to prevent cold flow of rubber packing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/124—Units with longitudinally-spaced plugs for isolating the intermediate space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like

Definitions

  • Expanding tubular member carrying one or more inflatable seals carrying one or more inflatable seals
  • the invention relates to the field of drilling, including oil drilling and geothermal.
  • the invention relates to a device comprising a radially expandable tubular element which is intended to seal or plug a well or pipe and which comprises on its outer face one or more annular sealing modules.
  • FIGs 1 and 2 To illustrate the state of the art in the art, there is shown in Figures 1 and 2 attached, a portion of metal tubular pipe BP, known in the English terminology of "casing", which is placed inside. a well A (it could however be a casing).
  • a cylindrical jacket C of metal or radially expandable tubular element whose ends are fixed sealingly to the face on the outer surface of the pipe BP, for example via rings or rings B.
  • An opening O is formed in the wall of the pipe BP (it may be provided several openings), so as to communicate the internal space of the BP pipe with the annular space formed between the wall of the BP pipe and the shirt vs.
  • the jacket C is covered over all or part of its length with a layer of elastically deformable material, for example elastomer, which constitutes a "sheet", or “strip", annular sealing, a few millimeters thick.
  • the liner may be covered with a plurality of sealing modules D, spaced apart from one another.
  • the jacket C, and in particular the sealing modules D, are fixed against the internal face of the casing, at the level of the zone to be sealed, by radial expansion.
  • This expansion operation is carried out, in the example illustrated, by hydroforming a fluid under pressure.
  • one or more of the elastomer sealing modules D are located at / in front of a cavity F formed in the inner wall. of the well A. In this case, there is no longer any contact between the inner wall of the well A and the sealing module D, thus creating a communication space between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 above. In other words, under these conditions, the seal is not satisfactory.
  • the invention therefore particularly aims to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the object of the invention is, in at least one embodiment, to provide a radially expandable tubular element, especially by hydroforming, equipped on its outer face with one or more sealing modules that fully fulfill their function when they are applied to the wall of a casing or well.
  • Another object of the invention in at least one embodiment, is to provide such an element:
  • the invention manages to fill all or part of these objectives through a radially expandable metal tubular element, which has on its outer face at least one annular sealing module.
  • said annular sealing module comprises at least one annular seal of an inflatable material, said inflatable seal, disposed between two annular abutments fixed on said outer face of said tubular element.
  • the invention thus proposes a radially expandable tubular element, especially by hydroforming, equipped on its outer face with one or more sealing modules intended to be applied to the wall of a casing or well.
  • Each sealing module consists of at least one annular seal (or sealing ring) of inflatable or self-inflating material, such as an inflatable elastomer (in English "swelling elastomer") which swells on contact a fluid present in the well (water, mud or oil in particular).
  • inflatable or self-inflating material such as an inflatable elastomer (in English "swelling elastomer") which swells on contact a fluid present in the well (water, mud or oil in particular).
  • Such a seal is able to widen axially (within the limit established by the stops which are fixed on the expandable tubular element) and radially to come into contact with the wall of a casing or well, and to seal the seal. annular space between the tubular element and the wall.
  • such a seal is able to withstand mechanically, thermally and chemically attacks and the various constraints related to the application, while ensuring a perfect seal when applied with force against a casing or formation.
  • NBR nitrile rubber
  • HNBR hydrogenated nitrile
  • FKM fluoroelastomers
  • said tubular element further comprises two anti-extrusion rings each disposed between one of said annular abutments and said at least one inflatable seal.
  • These anti-extrusion rings eliminate, or at least limit, the extrusion of the inflatable seal when the latter is pressed against the inner wall of a cavity or a casing. The rings maintain, therefore, an optimal seal.
  • each anti-extrusion ring is in two parts and comprises two beveled surfaces formed respectively on each of said parts, said beveled surfaces being located facing one another and being able to slide one relative to each other by axial movement (along the longitudinal axis of the tubular member) of said inflatable seal so as to cause radial displacement (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubular element) of one of said two parts.
  • each anti-extrusion ring is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • said seal of inflatable material is sandwiched between two seals of non-inflatable material, said non-inflatable seals.
  • each seal of non-inflatable material is in two parts, said first and second parts, of different hardness.
  • the part having the least hardness, said first portion is juxtaposed to said seal of inflatable material.
  • the first part has a hardness of between 75 and 80 shore A.
  • the second part has a hardness of between 85 and 90 shore A.
  • the first and second parts are manufactured separately and are placed in contact on said tubular element.
  • the first and second parts are glued.
  • the first and second parts are formed in one piece (in other words, they are vulcanized together).
  • said inflatable material seal and the non-inflatable material seals are manufactured separately and are placed in contact on said tubular member.
  • said seal of inflatable material and non-inflatable material seals are manufactured separately and are glued.
  • said inflatable material seal and the non-inflatable material seals are integrally formed (in other words, they are vulcanized together).
  • said annular stops are made of metal.
  • an assembly of elements is proposed in association with the inflatable seal element to prevent the axial extrusion of the inflatable material (elastomer for example) and thus ensure a particularly effective seal.
  • the seal module may comprise a stack of three or more layers of inflatable and non-inflatable elastomer. Thus, a seal of inflatable material may be placed coaxially sandwiched between two seals non-inflatable material.
  • the sealing module may consist of an annular seal of inflatable material placed between a first anti-extrusion ring and a second anti-extrusion ring.
  • the seal or seal (s) is / are connected (s) to said tubular element by a sliding pivot connection.
  • the inflatable seal is thus able to move axially on the expandable tubular element.
  • said inflatable seal is able to pass from a retracted mode in which it presents a first volume to an expanded mode in which it has a second volume greater than the first volume, said seal inflatable having a thickness less than or equal to the distance separating the two annular stops in the retracted mode.
  • Such an inflatable seal can thus pass from an uninflated mode in which it has a first volume to an expanded mode in which it has a second volume greater than the first volume and in which it seals the annular space between the element expandable tubular and the wall of a well or casing.
  • said tubular element is radially expandable by hydroforming.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views, in a longitudinal sectional plane, of an isolation device according to the state of the art, respectively in the original state and once deformed radially;
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C are diagrammatic longitudinal sectional views of an isolation device of a portion of a wellbore according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 5A to 5D show a second embodiment of the device of the invention
  • FIG. 6 represents a third embodiment of the device of the invention.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7C show a fourth embodiment of the device of the invention.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8D represent a fifth embodiment of the device of the invention.
  • the metal tubular element 1 is radially expandable by hydroforming. Although this is not illustrated, the tubular element 1 is sealingly attached at its ends to the outer face of a pipe, by means of rings or rings. At least one opening is formed in the wall of the pipe, so as to communicate its internal space with the space between the outer wall of the pipe and the tubular element 1.
  • the annular sealing module here comprises two annular metal stops 21 between which is inserted an annular seal 22 which is advantageously made of an inflatable elastomeric material.
  • the two annular metal stops 21 are fixed on the outer face of the tubular metal element 1, for example by welding.
  • the seal 22 is not fixed on the tubular element 1 and is thus free to pivot about the tubular element 1 and to move axially (along the longitudinal axis of the tubular element 1).
  • the tubular metal element 1 and the annular metal stops 21 are, for example, made of steel, and are able to deform plastically.
  • the annular seal 22 has in cross section a substantially rectangular shape, two opposite corners facing the inner wall of the well A being beveled.
  • Each of the annular metal stops 21 has in cross section a substantially triangular shape.
  • FIG. 4A shows the expanded metal tubular element 1 radially beyond its limit of elastic deformation.
  • Figure 4B shows, in the expanded position of the tubular element 1 metal, the seal 22 in its inflated state, the upper surface of the seal 22 being curved.
  • the latter inflated in contact with the fluid (water, oil) present in the well A, and filled the space of the cavity F.
  • the seal 22 is in contact with the annular metal stops 21.
  • the seal 22 expands radially outward (that is to say towards the inner wall of the well A) and axially towards the annular metal stops 21.
  • the seal 22 is sealingly applied against the inner wall of the well A.
  • the annular space EA1 is thus isolated in fluid communication and in pressure of the annular space EA2.
  • the seal 22 is subjected to a differential pressure. So that the differential pressure does not cause irreversible extrusion and degradation of the seal 22 (and thus the seal between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2), the annular metal stops 21 are configured to maintain axially the seal in sealing position.
  • FIG. 4C it can be seen that the application of a differential pressure (illustrated by the arrows on the right) between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 has the effect of moving the seal 22 axially towards the stop 21 located to the left.
  • the seal 22 thus behaves dynamically.
  • a second embodiment of the invention is described.
  • This embodiment differs only from the previous embodiment by the implementation of a non-inflatable seal 24 (elastomer for example) on either side of the inflatable seal 22.
  • the non-inflatable seals 24 do not lose their mechanical characteristics in contact with the fluid and over time, and thus prevent the extrusion of the inflatable seal 22.
  • the non-inflatable seals 24 serve as an anti-extrusion barrier of the inflatable seal 22.
  • FIG. 5A shows the tubular element 1 when it is not yet deformed before it is put into place in the well A.
  • the seals 22, 24 are mounted around the tubular element 1 without being fixed on it latest. They are spaced from the stops 21.
  • the seal 22 of inflatable material and the seals 24 of non-inflatable material are manufactured separately and are placed in contact on said tubular element.
  • the seal 22 of inflatable material and the seals 24 non-inflatable material are manufactured separately and are glued.
  • the seal 22 of inflatable material and the seals 24 of non-inflatable material are formed in one piece (in other words, they are vulcanized together).
  • FIG. 5B shows the expanded metal tubular element 1 in the well A.
  • FIG. 5C shows, in the expanded position of the metal tubular element 1, the seal 22 in its expanded state.
  • the latter has swollen in contact with the fluid (water, oil) present in the well A, and filled the space of the cavity F.
  • the seals 24 have moved axially under the effect of the swelling of the seal 22, and come to bear against the stops 21, thus preventing the inflatable seal 22 from extruding thereby reducing the effectiveness of the seal 22.
  • FIG. 5D it can be seen that the application of a differential pressure (illustrated by the arrows on the right) between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 has the effect of pressing / compressing the seal 22 in the axial direction against the stop 21 on the left, the anti-extrusion barrier being formed by the non-inflatable seal 24 located to the left of the seal 22.
  • a differential pressure illustrated by the arrows on the right
  • This figure 6 shows the tubular element 1 when it is not yet deformed and installed in a well or casing.
  • two non-inflatable seals 24 are disposed on either side of the inflatable seal 22.
  • Each non-inflatable seal 24 is composed of two parts 24A, 24B made of different elastomers and having different properties.
  • the elastomer of the portion 24B has a hardness of between 85 and 90 Shore A in this example, and the elastomer of the portion 24A has a hardness of between 75 and 80 shore A. It is noted that a greater hardness gives a better resistance to extrusion.
  • the two parts 24A, 24B can be independent, and are, for example, manufactured separately and juxtaposed to the assembly (they are left free or glued).
  • the two parts 24A, 24B are integral, the two constituent elastomers being vulcanized together and forming one and the same bi-gum element.
  • the non-inflatable seal 24 may be composed of more than two parts 24A, 24B manufactured in different elastomers and having different properties.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7C A fourth embodiment of the invention is described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7C.
  • the inflatable seal 22 is placed between two anti-extrusion rings 26, each of the anti-extrusion rings 26 being placed between the seal 22 and an annular metal stop 21, in contact with this last.
  • the anti-extrusion rings 26 are movably mounted on the tubular element 1.
  • Each anti-extrusion ring 26 comprises two parts 26A, 26B in the shape of a right triangle. These two parts 26A, 26B are arranged head to tail, so that their inclined surfaces (corresponding to the base of the triangle) are facing each other.
  • the anti-extrusion rings 26 are, for example, made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • Figure 7A shows the expanded metal tubular element 1.
  • Figure 7B shows, in the expanded position of the tubular element 1 metal, the seal 22 inflated. The latter has filled the cavity F and is in contact with the anti-extrusion rings 26
  • FIG. 7C it can be seen that the application of a differential pressure (illustrated by the arrows on the right) between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 has the effect of pressing / compressing the seal 22 in the axial direction against the anti-extrusion ring 26 located on the left. More specifically, the pressure applied in the annular space EA2 passes between the stop 21 on the right and the inner wall of the well A, then between the anti-extrusion ring 26 on the right and the inner wall of the well A. This has the effect to press the seal 22 against the portion 26B of the ring 26 to the left of Figure 7C.
  • a differential pressure illustrated by the arrows on the right
  • the portion 26B of the ring 26, and its bevelled surface, slides toward the stop 21 on the left, and by "wedge" effect is raised and cause the radial displacement outwards (towards the wall of the well A). of the portion 26A of the ring 26 until the portion 26A is against the wall.
  • the portions 26A, 26B of the left-hand ring 26 thus cooperate perfectly with the inflatable seal 22 so as to avoid the extrusion thereof and to ensure dynamic sealing between the tubular element 1 and the inner wall well A.
  • a fifth embodiment of the invention is described with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8D.
  • This variant differs only from the previous embodiment by the implementation of a non-inflatable seal 24 (elastomer for example) on either side of the inflatable seal 22.
  • FIG. 8A shows the tubular element 1 when it is not yet deformed and installed in a well or casing.
  • the inflatable seal 22 is placed between two anti-extrusion rings 26, each of the anti-extrusion rings 26 being placed between the seal 22 and an annular metal stop 21.
  • non-inflatable seals 24 are disposed on either side of the inflatable seal 22.
  • Figure 8B shows the expanded tubular member 1.
  • FIG. 8C shows, in the expanded position of the tubular element 1, the swollen seal 22.
  • FIG. 8D it can be seen that the application of a differential pressure (illustrated by the arrows on the right) between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 has the effect of pressing / compressing the seal 22 and the seal 24 non-inflatable located left in the axial direction against the anti-extrusion ring 26 to the left.
  • the portions 26A, 26B of the left ring 26 and the non-inflatable seal 24 located on the left perfectly cooperate with the inflatable seal 22 so as to avoid the extrusion thereof and to ensure the dynamic sealing between the tubular element 1 and the inner wall of the well A. It should be noted that other forms than those illustrated are possible for stops, seals and anti-extrusion rings.
  • anti-extrusion rings 26 with the seal 22, 24 as described in relation with FIG. 6.

Abstract

The invention relates to a radially expandable tubular metal element (1) comprising at least one ring seal module (2) on the outer surface thereof. According to the invention, the ring seal module (2) comprises at least one ring seal made from an inflatable material, known as the inflatable seal (22) and disposed between two annular abutment elements (21) secured to the outer surface of the tubular element (1).

Description

Elément tubulaire expansible portant un ou plusieurs joints d'étanchéité gonflables  Expanding tubular member carrying one or more inflatable seals
1. Domaine de l'invention 1. Field of the invention
L'invention se rapporte au domaine du forage, et notamment du forage pétrolier et géothermique.  The invention relates to the field of drilling, including oil drilling and geothermal.
L'invention concerne un dispositif comprenant un élément tubulaire radialement expansible qui est destiné à assurer l'étanchéité ou l'obturation d'un puits ou d'une canalisation et qui comprend sur sa face externe un ou plusieurs modules annulaires d'étanchéité.  The invention relates to a device comprising a radially expandable tubular element which is intended to seal or plug a well or pipe and which comprises on its outer face one or more annular sealing modules.
2. Solutions de l'art antérieur  2. Solutions of the prior art
Dans la suite de la description, l'invention sera décrite, à titre d'exemple, dans le domaine de la production pétrolière.  In the remainder of the description, the invention will be described, by way of example, in the field of oil production.
L'exploitation des puits, qu'ils soient verticaux ou horizontaux, nécessite de pouvoir étanchéifier certaines régions de ce puits par rapport à d'autres, par exemple pour délimiter une zone à l'intérieur de laquelle il sera possible d'intervenir ultérieurement.  The operation of wells, whether vertical or horizontal, requires sealing certain areas of this well relative to others, for example to delimit an area within which it will be possible to intervene later.
Pour illustrer l'état de la technique en la matière, on a représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 annexées, une portion de conduite tubulaire métallique BP, connue sous la terminologie anglaise de « casing », qui est mise en place à l'intérieur d'un puits A (il pourrait toutefois s'agir d'un cuvelage).  To illustrate the state of the art in the art, there is shown in Figures 1 and 2 attached, a portion of metal tubular pipe BP, known in the English terminology of "casing", which is placed inside. a well A (it could however be a casing).
Sur la surface externe de la conduite BP s'étend une chemise C cylindrique en métal (ou élément tubulaire radialement expnasible) dont les extrémités sont fixées de manière étanche à la face sur la surface externe de la conduite BP, par exemple par l'intermédiaire d'anneaux ou de bagues B.  On the outer surface of the pipe BP extends a cylindrical jacket C of metal (or radially expandable tubular element) whose ends are fixed sealingly to the face on the outer surface of the pipe BP, for example via rings or rings B.
Une ouverture O est ménagée dans la paroi de la conduite BP (il peut être prévu plusieurs ouvertures), de manière à faire communiquer l'espace interne de la conduite BP avec l'espace annulaire ménagé entre la paroi de la conduite BP et la chemise C. De façon classique, la chemise C est recouverte sur toute ou partie de sa longueur d'une couche de matériau élastiquement déformable, par exemple en élastomère, laquelle constitue une « nappe », ou « bande », annulaire d'étanchéité, de quelques millimètres d'épaisseur. Dans une variante, illustrée sur la figure 1, la chemise peut être recouverte de plusieurs modules d'étanchéité D, espacés les uns des autres. An opening O is formed in the wall of the pipe BP (it may be provided several openings), so as to communicate the internal space of the BP pipe with the annular space formed between the wall of the BP pipe and the shirt vs. Conventionally, the jacket C is covered over all or part of its length with a layer of elastically deformable material, for example elastomer, which constitutes a "sheet", or "strip", annular sealing, a few millimeters thick. In a variant, illustrated in FIG. 1, the liner may be covered with a plurality of sealing modules D, spaced apart from one another.
La chemise C, et en particulier les modules d'étanchéité D, sont fixés contre la face interne du cuvelage, au niveau de la zone à étanchéifier, par expansion radiale. Cette opération d'expansion est réalisée, dans l'exemple illustré, par hydroformage d'un fluide sous pression.  The jacket C, and in particular the sealing modules D, are fixed against the internal face of the casing, at the level of the zone to be sealed, by radial expansion. This expansion operation is carried out, in the example illustrated, by hydroforming a fluid under pressure.
Sur la figure 1, la chemise C est représentée dans son état initial, lorsque sa paroi n'est pas encore déformée.  In Figure 1, the sleeve C is shown in its initial state, when its wall is not yet deformed.
Comme illustré sur la figure 2, lorsqu'une pression prédéterminée de fluide (préférentiellement un liquide tel que de l'eau) est mise en oeuvre à l'intérieur de la conduite BP (ceci est illustré par les flèches), cette pression est communiquée à l'intérieur de la chemise C, via l'ouverture O, qui s'expanse radialement (par rapport à l'axe X-X') au-delà de sa limite de déformation élastique. Ce faisant, les modules d'étanchéité D de matériau élastomère rentrent en contact avec la paroi interne du puits A et viennent se comprimer contre cette dernière de façon à isoler de manière étanche les espaces annulaires EA1 et EA2 qui sont disposés de part et d'autre de la chemise.  As illustrated in FIG. 2, when a predetermined pressure of fluid (preferably a liquid such as water) is implemented inside the pipe BP (this is illustrated by the arrows), this pressure is communicated inside the jacket C, via the opening O, which expands radially (with respect to the axis X-X ') beyond its limit of elastic deformation. In doing so, the sealing modules D of elastomeric material come into contact with the inner wall of the well A and are compressed against the latter so as to seal the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 which are arranged on both sides. other of the shirt.
On a référencé Z sur la figure 2, une zone qui est représentée de manière agrandie sur la figure 3.  Z is referenced in FIG. 2, an area which is enlarged in FIG. 3.
Il se peut que lors de l'opération d'expansion de la chemise C illustrée sur la figure 2, un ou plusieurs des modules d'étanchéité D en élastomère soient situés au niveau/en face d'une cavité F formée dans la paroi interne du puits A. Dans ce cas de figure, il n'y a plus de contact entre la paroi interne du puits A et le module d'étanchéité D, créant ainsi un espace de communication entre les espaces annulaires EAl et EA2 précités. En d'autres termes, dans ces conditions, l'étanchéité n'est pas satisfaisante. It is possible that during the expansion operation of the sleeve C illustrated in FIG. 2, one or more of the elastomer sealing modules D are located at / in front of a cavity F formed in the inner wall. of the well A. In this case, there is no longer any contact between the inner wall of the well A and the sealing module D, thus creating a communication space between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 above. In other words, under these conditions, the seal is not satisfactory.
En outre, indépendamment de la forme de la paroi interne du puits A, il se peut que la pression différentielle entre les espaces annulaires EAl et EA2 provoquent l'extrusion et la déformation irréversible d'un ou plusieurs des modules d'étanchéité D, ce qui réduit de ce fait l'efficacité des modules d'étanchéité D.  In addition, regardless of the shape of the inner wall of the well A, it is possible that the differential pressure between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 causes the extrusion and the irreversible deformation of one or more of the sealing modules D, which thereby reducing the effectiveness of the sealing modules D.
3. Objectifs de l'invention  3. Objectives of the invention
L'invention a donc notamment pour objectif de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur.  The invention therefore particularly aims to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art.
Plus précisément, l'invention a pour objectif, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, de fournir un élément tubulaire expansible radialement, par hydroformage notamment, équipé sur sa face externe d'un ou plusieurs modules d'étanchéité qui remplissent pleinement leur fonction lorsqu'ils sont appliqués sur la paroi d'un cuvelage ou d'un puits.  More specifically, the object of the invention is, in at least one embodiment, to provide a radially expandable tubular element, especially by hydroforming, equipped on its outer face with one or more sealing modules that fully fulfill their function when they are applied to the wall of a casing or well.
Cette fonction d'étanchéité devra être assurée quelque que soit le milieu liquide ou gazeux dans lequel est mise en oeuvre l'expansion.  This sealing function must be ensured regardless of the liquid or gaseous medium in which the expansion is carried out.
Un autre objectif de l'invention, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, est de fournir un tel élément :  Another object of the invention, in at least one embodiment, is to provide such an element:
- qui est simple à mettre en oeuvre ;  - which is simple to implement;
qui conserve ses qualités d'étanchéité sur une plage large de températures et de pressions ;  which maintains its sealing qualities over a wide range of temperatures and pressures;
qui présente une bonne tenue dans le temps ;  which has a good behavior over time;
qui est compact et ne cause pas une augmentation trop importante du diamètre extérieur de l'élément tubulaire.  which is compact and does not cause an excessive increase in the outer diameter of the tubular element.
4. Résumé de l'invention  4. Summary of the invention
L'invention parvient à remplir tout ou partie de ces objectifs grâce à un élément tubulaire métallique expansible radialement, qui comporte sur sa face externe au moins un module annulaire d'étanchéité. Selon l'invention, ledit module annulaire d'étanchéité comprend au moins un joint d'étanchéité annulaire en un matériau gonflable, dit joint d'étanchéité gonflable, disposé entre deux butées annulaires fixées sur ladite face externe dudit élément tubulaire. The invention manages to fill all or part of these objectives through a radially expandable metal tubular element, which has on its outer face at least one annular sealing module. According to the invention, said annular sealing module comprises at least one annular seal of an inflatable material, said inflatable seal, disposed between two annular abutments fixed on said outer face of said tubular element.
L'invention propose ainsi un élément tubulaire expansible radialement, par hydroformage notamment, équipé sur sa face externe d'un ou plusieurs modules d'étanchéité destinés à être appliqués sur la paroi d'un cuvelage ou d'un puits.  The invention thus proposes a radially expandable tubular element, especially by hydroforming, equipped on its outer face with one or more sealing modules intended to be applied to the wall of a casing or well.
Chaque module d'étanchéité est constitué d'au moins un joint d'étanchéité annulaire (ou bague d'étanchéité) en matériau gonflable ou auto- gonflant, tel qu'un élastomère gonflable (en anglais "swelling elastomer") qui gonfle au contact d'un fluide présent dans le puits (eau, boue ou pétrole notamment).  Each sealing module consists of at least one annular seal (or sealing ring) of inflatable or self-inflating material, such as an inflatable elastomer (in English "swelling elastomer") which swells on contact a fluid present in the well (water, mud or oil in particular).
Un tel joint est apte à s'élargir axialement (dans la limite établie par les butées qui sont fixées sur l'élément tubulaire expansible) et radialement pour venir en contact avec la paroi d'un cuvelage ou d'un puits, et étanchéifier l'espace annulaire entre l'élément tubulaire et la paroi.  Such a seal is able to widen axially (within the limit established by the stops which are fixed on the expandable tubular element) and radially to come into contact with the wall of a casing or well, and to seal the seal. annular space between the tubular element and the wall.
En outre, un tel joint est apte à venir combler les éventuelles cavités présentes dans la paroi.  In addition, such a seal is able to fill any cavities present in the wall.
Par ailleurs, un tel joint est apte à résister mécaniquement, thermiquement et chimiquement aux agressions ainsi qu'aux différentes contraintes liées à l'application considérée, tout en assurant une parfaite étanchéité lorsqu'il est appliqué avec force contre un cuvelage ou une formation.  Furthermore, such a seal is able to withstand mechanically, thermally and chemically attacks and the various constraints related to the application, while ensuring a perfect seal when applied with force against a casing or formation.
Il peut par exemple être fabriqué en caoutchouc nitrile (NBR), en nitrile Hydrogéné (HNBR) ou bien encore en Fluoroélastomères (FKM) tel que le Viton (marque déposée).  It may for example be manufactured from nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR) or even fluoroelastomers (FKM) such as Viton (trademark).
Selon une caractéristique particulière, ledit élément tubulaire comprend en outre deux bagues anti-extrusion disposées chacune entre une desdites butées annulaires et ledit au moins joint d'étanchéité gonflable. Ces bagues anti-extrusion suppriment, ou à tout le moins limitent, l'extrusion du joint d'étanchéité gonflable lorsque ce dernier est comprimé contre la paroi interne d'une cavité ou d'un cuvelage. Les bagues maintiennent, de ce fait, une étanchéité optimale. According to a particular characteristic, said tubular element further comprises two anti-extrusion rings each disposed between one of said annular abutments and said at least one inflatable seal. These anti-extrusion rings eliminate, or at least limit, the extrusion of the inflatable seal when the latter is pressed against the inner wall of a cavity or a casing. The rings maintain, therefore, an optimal seal.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, chaque bague anti-extrusion est en deux parties et comprend deux surfaces en biseau ménagées respectivement sur chacune desdites parties, lesdites surfaces en biseau étant situées en regard l'une de l'autre et étant aptes à coulisser l'une par rapport à l'autre sous l'effet d'un mouvement axial (selon l'axe longitudinal de l'élément tubulaire) dudit joint d'étanchéité gonflable de façon à provoquer un déplacement radial (perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément tubulaire) de l'une desdites deux parties.  According to a particular characteristic, each anti-extrusion ring is in two parts and comprises two beveled surfaces formed respectively on each of said parts, said beveled surfaces being located facing one another and being able to slide one relative to each other by axial movement (along the longitudinal axis of the tubular member) of said inflatable seal so as to cause radial displacement (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubular element) of one of said two parts.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, chaque bague anti-extrusion est en polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ou polyétheréthercétone (PEEK).  According to a particular characteristic, each anti-extrusion ring is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
Selon une caractéristique particulière, ledit joint d'étanchéité en matériau gonflable est placé en sandwich entre deux joints d'étanchéité en matériau non gonflable, dits joints d'étanchéité non gonflables.  According to a particular characteristic, said seal of inflatable material is sandwiched between two seals of non-inflatable material, said non-inflatable seals.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, chaque joint d'étanchéité en matériau non gonflable est en deux parties, dites première et deuxième parties, de dureté différente.  According to a particular characteristic, each seal of non-inflatable material is in two parts, said first and second parts, of different hardness.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, la partie présentant la moins grande dureté, dite première partie, est juxtaposée audit joint d'étanchéité en matériau gonflable.  According to a particular feature, the part having the least hardness, said first portion, is juxtaposed to said seal of inflatable material.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, la première partie présente une dureté comprise entre 75 et 80 shore A.  According to a particular characteristic, the first part has a hardness of between 75 and 80 shore A.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, la deuxième partie présente une dureté comprise entre 85 et 90 shore A. Selon une caractéristique particulière, les première et deuxième parties sont fabriquées séparément et sont placées en contact sur ledit élément tubulaire. According to a particular characteristic, the second part has a hardness of between 85 and 90 shore A. According to a particular characteristic, the first and second parts are manufactured separately and are placed in contact on said tubular element.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, les première et deuxième parties sont collées.  According to a particular characteristic, the first and second parts are glued.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, les première et deuxième parties sont formées en un seul bloc (en d'autres termes, elles sont vulcanisés ensemble).  According to a particular characteristic, the first and second parts are formed in one piece (in other words, they are vulcanized together).
Selon une caractéristique particulière, ledit joint d'étanchéité en matériau gonflable et les joints d'étanchéité en matériau non gonflable sont fabriquées séparément et sont placés en contact sur ledit élément tubulaire.  According to a particular feature, said inflatable material seal and the non-inflatable material seals are manufactured separately and are placed in contact on said tubular member.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, ledit joint d'étanchéité en matériau gonflable et les joints d'étanchéité en matériau non gonflable sont fabriquées séparément et sont collés.  According to a particular characteristic, said seal of inflatable material and non-inflatable material seals are manufactured separately and are glued.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, ledit joint d'étanchéité en matériau gonflable et les joints d'étanchéité en matériau non gonflable sont formés en un seul bloc (en d'autres termes, ils sont vulcanisés ensemble).  According to a particular feature, said inflatable material seal and the non-inflatable material seals are integrally formed (in other words, they are vulcanized together).
Selon une caractéristique particulière, lesdites butées annulaires sont en métal.  According to a particular characteristic, said annular stops are made of metal.
Ainsi, on propose un assemblage d'éléments en association avec l'élément d'étanchéité gonflable pour empêcher l'extrusion axiale de la matière gonflable (élastomère par exemple) et assurer ainsi une étanchéité particulièrement efficace.  Thus, an assembly of elements is proposed in association with the inflatable seal element to prevent the axial extrusion of the inflatable material (elastomer for example) and thus ensure a particularly effective seal.
Le module d'étanchéité peut comprendre un empilage de trois couches, ou plus, d'élastomère gonflable et non gonflable. Ainsi, un joint d'étanchéité en matériau gonflable peut être placé coaxialement en sandwich entre deux joints d'étanchéité en matériau non gonflable. Le module d'étanchéité peut être constitué d'un joint annulaire en matériau gonflable placé entre une première bague anti-extrusion et une deuxième bague anti-extrusion. The seal module may comprise a stack of three or more layers of inflatable and non-inflatable elastomer. Thus, a seal of inflatable material may be placed coaxially sandwiched between two seals non-inflatable material. The sealing module may consist of an annular seal of inflatable material placed between a first anti-extrusion ring and a second anti-extrusion ring.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, le ou les joint(s) d'étanchéité est/sont relié(s) audit élément tubulaire par une liaison pivot glissant.  According to a particular characteristic, the seal or seal (s) is / are connected (s) to said tubular element by a sliding pivot connection.
Le joint d'étanchéité gonflable est ainsi apte à se déplacer axialement sur l'élément tubulaire expansible.  The inflatable seal is thus able to move axially on the expandable tubular element.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable est apte à passer d'un mode rétracté dans lequel il présente un premier volume à un mode dilaté dans lequel il présente un second volume plus important que le premier volume, ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable ayant une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à la distance séparant les deux butées annulaires dans le mode rétracté.  According to one particular characteristic, said inflatable seal is able to pass from a retracted mode in which it presents a first volume to an expanded mode in which it has a second volume greater than the first volume, said seal inflatable having a thickness less than or equal to the distance separating the two annular stops in the retracted mode.
Un tel joint gonflable peut ainsi passer d'un mode non gonflé dans lequel il présente un premier volume à un mode expansé dans lequel il présente un second volume plus important que le premier volume et dans lequel il étanche l'espace annulaire entre l'élément tubulaire expansible et la paroi d'un puits ou cuvelage.  Such an inflatable seal can thus pass from an uninflated mode in which it has a first volume to an expanded mode in which it has a second volume greater than the first volume and in which it seals the annular space between the element expandable tubular and the wall of a well or casing.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, ledit élément tubulaire est expansible radialement par hydroformage.  According to a particular characteristic, said tubular element is radially expandable by hydroforming.
5. Liste des figures 5. List of figures
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la technique décrite apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation préférentiels, donnés à titre de simples exemples illustratifs et non limitatifs, et des dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :  Other features and advantages of the described technique will appear more clearly on reading the following description of several preferred embodiments, given as simple illustrative and non-limiting examples, and the appended drawings, among which:
- les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues schématiques, selon un plan de coupe longitudinal, d'un dispositif d'isolation conforme à l'état de la technique, respectivement à l'état d'origine et une fois déformé radialement ;  - Figures 1 and 2 are schematic views, in a longitudinal sectional plane, of an isolation device according to the state of the art, respectively in the original state and once deformed radially;
la figure 3 est une vue de détail d'une zone Z de la figure 2 ; les figures 4A à 4C sont des vues en coupe schématique longitudinale d'un dispositif d'isolation d'une partie d'un puits de forage selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ; Figure 3 is a detail view of a zone Z of Figure 2; FIGS. 4A to 4C are diagrammatic longitudinal sectional views of an isolation device of a portion of a wellbore according to a first embodiment of the invention;
les figures 5A à 5D représentent un deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention ;  FIGS. 5A to 5D show a second embodiment of the device of the invention;
la figure 6 représente un troisième mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention ;  FIG. 6 represents a third embodiment of the device of the invention;
les figures 7A à 7C représentent un quatrième mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention ;  FIGS. 7A to 7C show a fourth embodiment of the device of the invention;
- les figures 8A à 8D représentent un cinquième mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention.  FIGS. 8A to 8D represent a fifth embodiment of the device of the invention.
6. Description 6. Description
On présente par la suite cinq modes de réalisation de l'élément tubulaire Five embodiments of the tubular element are presented hereinafter.
1 conforme à l'invention. 1 according to the invention.
II comprend sur sa face externe 10 un ou plusieurs modules d'étanchéité It comprises on its outer face 10 one or more sealing modules
2 espacés les uns des autres. 2 spaced apart from each other.
Toutefois, sur les figures, seule une partie, à savoir la partie supérieure de l'élément tubulaire 1 et d'un module d'étanchéité 2, est représentée.  However, in the figures, only a part, namely the upper part of the tubular element 1 and a sealing module 2, is shown.
Ces figures illustrent une application particulière de l'élément tubulaire 1 conforme à l'invention, à savoir l'isolation d'un puits de forage.  These figures illustrate a particular application of the tubular element 1 according to the invention, namely the isolation of a wellbore.
On décrit en référence aux figures 4A à 4C un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.  With reference to FIGS. 4A to 4C, a first embodiment of the invention will be described.
L'élément tubulaire 1 métallique est expansible radialement par hydroformage. Bien que ceci ne soit pas illustré, l'élément tubulaire 1 est fixé de manière étanche à ses extrémités à la face externe d'une conduite, par l'intermédiaire d'anneaux ou de bagues. Au moins une ouverture est ménagée dans la paroi de la conduite, de manière à faire communiquer son espace interne avec l'espace ménagé entre la paroi externe de la conduite et l'élément tubulaire 1. Le module annulaire d'étanchéité comprend ici deux butées 21 métalliques annulaires entre lesquelles est inséré un joint d'étanchéité 22 annulaire qui est avantageusement en matériau élastomère gonflable. The metal tubular element 1 is radially expandable by hydroforming. Although this is not illustrated, the tubular element 1 is sealingly attached at its ends to the outer face of a pipe, by means of rings or rings. At least one opening is formed in the wall of the pipe, so as to communicate its internal space with the space between the outer wall of the pipe and the tubular element 1. The annular sealing module here comprises two annular metal stops 21 between which is inserted an annular seal 22 which is advantageously made of an inflatable elastomeric material.
Les deux butées 21 métalliques annulaires sont fixées sur la face externe de l'élément tubulaire 1 métallique, par soudage par exemple. Le joint d'étanchéité 22 n'est pas fixée sur l'élément tubulaire 1 et est ainsi libre de pivoter autour de l'élément tubulaire 1 et de se déplacer axialement (selon l'axe longitudinal de l'élément tubulaire 1).  The two annular metal stops 21 are fixed on the outer face of the tubular metal element 1, for example by welding. The seal 22 is not fixed on the tubular element 1 and is thus free to pivot about the tubular element 1 and to move axially (along the longitudinal axis of the tubular element 1).
L'élément tubulaire 1 métallique et les butées 21 métalliques annulaires sont, par exemple, en acier, et sont aptes à se déformer plastiquement.  The tubular metal element 1 and the annular metal stops 21 are, for example, made of steel, and are able to deform plastically.
Le joint d'étanchéité 22 annulaire présente en section transversale une forme sensiblement rectangulaire, deux des coins opposés en regard de la paroi interne du puits A étant en biseau.  The annular seal 22 has in cross section a substantially rectangular shape, two opposite corners facing the inner wall of the well A being beveled.
Chacune des butées 21 métalliques annulaires présente en section transversale une forme sensiblement triangulaire.  Each of the annular metal stops 21 has in cross section a substantially triangular shape.
La figure 4A montre l'élément tubulaire 1 métallique expansé radialement, au-delà de sa limite de déformation élastique.  FIG. 4A shows the expanded metal tubular element 1 radially beyond its limit of elastic deformation.
Le joint d'étanchéité 22, qui est ici rétracté (c'est-à-dire non gonflé) vient au contact de la paroi interne du puits A, et est situé en regard de la cavité F formée dans la paroi interne du puits A.  The seal 22, which is here retracted (that is to say uninflated) comes into contact with the inner wall of the well A, and is located opposite the cavity F formed in the inner wall of the well A .
On note que les surfaces latérales du joint d'étanchéité 22 ne sont pas en contact avec les butées 21 métalliques annulaires (il existe donc un jeu entre le joint d'étanchéité 22 et les butées 21), et que sa surface supérieure est plane.  Note that the lateral surfaces of the seal 22 are not in contact with the annular metal stops 21 (there is therefore a clearance between the seal 22 and the stops 21), and that its upper surface is flat.
La figure 4B montre, dans la position expansée de l'élément tubulaire 1 métallique, le joint d'étanchéité 22 dans son état gonflé, la surface supérieure du joint d'étanchéité 22 étant incurvée. Ce dernier a gonflé au contact du fluide (eau, pétrole) présent dans le puits A, et comblé l'espace de la cavité F.  Figure 4B shows, in the expanded position of the tubular element 1 metal, the seal 22 in its inflated state, the upper surface of the seal 22 being curved. The latter inflated in contact with the fluid (water, oil) present in the well A, and filled the space of the cavity F.
Par ailleurs, le joint d'étanchéité 22 est en contact avec les butées 21 métalliques annulaires. En d'autres termes, au contact du fluide, le joint d'étanchéité 22 se dilate radialement vers l'extérieur (c'est-à-dire vers la paroi interne du puits A) et axialement vers les butées 21 métalliques annulaires. Furthermore, the seal 22 is in contact with the annular metal stops 21. In other words, in contact with the fluid, the seal 22 expands radially outward (that is to say towards the inner wall of the well A) and axially towards the annular metal stops 21.
Une fois gonflé, le joint d'étanchéité 22 s'applique de manière étanche contre la paroi interne du puits A.  Once inflated, the seal 22 is sealingly applied against the inner wall of the well A.
L'espace annulaire EAl est ainsi isolé en communication de fluide et en pression de l'espace annulaire EA2.  The annular space EA1 is thus isolated in fluid communication and in pressure of the annular space EA2.
Si la pression dans les espaces annulaires EAl et EA2 est différente, le joint d'étanchéité 22 est soumis à une pression différentielle. De façon à ce que la pression différentielle ne provoque pas une extrusion irréversible et une dégradation du joint d'étanchéité 22 (et donc de l'étanchéité entre les espaces annulaires EAl et EA2), les butées 21 métalliques annulaires sont configurées pour maintenir axialement le joint en position d'étanchéification.  If the pressure in the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 is different, the seal 22 is subjected to a differential pressure. So that the differential pressure does not cause irreversible extrusion and degradation of the seal 22 (and thus the seal between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2), the annular metal stops 21 are configured to maintain axially the seal in sealing position.
Sur la figure 4C, on constate que l'application d'une pression différentielle (illustrée par les flèches à droite) entre les espaces annulaires EAl et EA2 a pour effet de déplacer le joint d'étanchéité 22 axialement en direction de la butée 21 située à gauche. Le joint d'étanchéité 22 se comporte ainsi de façon dynamique.  In FIG. 4C, it can be seen that the application of a differential pressure (illustrated by the arrows on the right) between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 has the effect of moving the seal 22 axially towards the stop 21 located to the left. The seal 22 thus behaves dynamically.
Sur la figure 4C, le joint d'étanchéité 22, qui est gonflé, est plaqué/comprimé dans le sens axial contre la butée 21 située à gauche. Le matériau constituant le joint d'étanchéité 22 fait l'objet d'une nouvelle répartition, d'une manière contrôlée, réversible, par la butée 21. On comprend que lorsque la pression axiale est supprimée, le joint d'étanchéité 22 reprend sa position et sa forme de la figure 4B.  In Figure 4C, the seal 22, which is inflated, is pressed / compressed in the axial direction against the stop 21 on the left. The material constituting the seal 22 is redistributed, in a controlled, reversible manner, by the stop 21. It is understood that when the axial pressure is eliminated, the seal 22 resumes its position and shape of Figure 4B.
On note qu'il existe un faible jeu d'extrusion « j » entre la butée 21 métallique annulaire et la paroi interne du puits A. Ce faible jeu d'extrusion « j » maintient une étanchéité optimale, même lorsque la pression différentielle est relativement importante.  Note that there is a small extrusion clearance "j" between the annular metal stop 21 and the inner wall of the well A. This low extrusion clearance "j" maintains an optimal seal, even when the differential pressure is relatively important.
On décrit en référence aux figures 5A à 5D un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cette variante de réalisation diffère uniquement de la précédente par la mise en oeuvre d'un joint d'étanchéité 24 non gonflable (en élastomère par exemple) de part et d'autre du joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable. Les joints d'étanchéité 24 non gonflables ne perdent pas leurs caractéristiques mécaniques au contact du fluide et au cours du temps, et permettent ainsi d'éviter l'extrusion du joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable. With reference to FIGS. 5A to 5D, a second embodiment of the invention is described. This embodiment differs only from the previous embodiment by the implementation of a non-inflatable seal 24 (elastomer for example) on either side of the inflatable seal 22. The non-inflatable seals 24 do not lose their mechanical characteristics in contact with the fluid and over time, and thus prevent the extrusion of the inflatable seal 22.
En d'autres termes, les joints d'étanchéité 24 non gonflables servent de barrière anti-extrusion du joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable.  In other words, the non-inflatable seals 24 serve as an anti-extrusion barrier of the inflatable seal 22.
La figure 5A montre l'élément tubulaire 1 lorsqu'il n'est pas encore déformé avant sa mise en place dans le puits A. Les joints d'étanchéité 22, 24 sont montés autour de l'élément tubulaire 1 sans être fixés sur ce dernier. Ils sont espacés des butées 21.  FIG. 5A shows the tubular element 1 when it is not yet deformed before it is put into place in the well A. The seals 22, 24 are mounted around the tubular element 1 without being fixed on it latest. They are spaced from the stops 21.
Selon une première approche, le joint d'étanchéité 22 en matériau gonflable et les joints d'étanchéité 24 en matériau non gonflable sont fabriquées séparément et sont placés en contact sur ledit élément tubulaire.  According to a first approach, the seal 22 of inflatable material and the seals 24 of non-inflatable material are manufactured separately and are placed in contact on said tubular element.
Selon une deuxième approche, le joint d'étanchéité 22 en matériau gonflable et les joints d'étanchéité 24 en matériau non gonflable sont fabriquées séparément et sont collés.  According to a second approach, the seal 22 of inflatable material and the seals 24 non-inflatable material are manufactured separately and are glued.
Selon une troisième approche, le joint d'étanchéité 22 en matériau gonflable et les joints d'étanchéité 24 en matériau non gonflable sont formés en un seul bloc (en d'autres termes, ils sont vulcanisés ensemble).  According to a third approach, the seal 22 of inflatable material and the seals 24 of non-inflatable material are formed in one piece (in other words, they are vulcanized together).
La figure 5B montre l'élément tubulaire 1 métallique expansée dans le puits A.  FIG. 5B shows the expanded metal tubular element 1 in the well A.
La figure 5C montre, dans la position expansée de l'élément tubulaire métallique 1, le joint d'étanchéité 22 dans son état dilaté. Ce dernier a gonflé au contact du fluide (eau, pétrole) présent dans le puits A, et comblé l'espace de la cavité F. Les joints d'étanchéité 24 se sont déplacés axialement sous l'effet du gonflement du joint d'étanchéité 22, et viennent en appui contre les butées 21, empêchant ainsi le joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable de s'extruder ce qui réduirait de ce fait l'efficacité du joint d'étanchéité 22. FIG. 5C shows, in the expanded position of the metal tubular element 1, the seal 22 in its expanded state. The latter has swollen in contact with the fluid (water, oil) present in the well A, and filled the space of the cavity F. The seals 24 have moved axially under the effect of the swelling of the seal 22, and come to bear against the stops 21, thus preventing the inflatable seal 22 from extruding thereby reducing the effectiveness of the seal 22.
Sur la figure 5D, on constate que l'application d'une pression différentielle (illustrée par les flèches à droite) entre les espaces annulaires EA1 et EA2 a pour effet de plaquer/comprimer le joint d'étanchéité 22 dans le sens axial contre la butée 21 située à gauche, la barrière anti-extrusion étant réalisée par le joint d'étanchéité 24 non gonflable situé à gauche du joint d'étanchéité 22.  In FIG. 5D, it can be seen that the application of a differential pressure (illustrated by the arrows on the right) between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 has the effect of pressing / compressing the seal 22 in the axial direction against the stop 21 on the left, the anti-extrusion barrier being formed by the non-inflatable seal 24 located to the left of the seal 22.
On décrit en référence à la figure 6 un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  A third embodiment of the invention is described with reference to FIG.
Cette figure 6 montre l'élément tubulaire 1 lorsqu'il n'est pas encore déformé et installé dans un puits ou cuvelage.  This figure 6 shows the tubular element 1 when it is not yet deformed and installed in a well or casing.
Dans cette variante de réalisation, deux joints d'étanchéité 24 non gonflables (en élastomère par exemple) sont disposés de part et d'autre du joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable.  In this embodiment, two non-inflatable seals 24 (elastomer for example) are disposed on either side of the inflatable seal 22.
Chaque joint d'étanchéité 24 non gonflables est composé de deux parties 24A, 24B fabriqués dans des élastomères différents et présentant des propriétés différentes. Ainsi, l'élastomère de la partie 24B présente une dureté comprise entre 85 et 90 shore A dans cet exemple, et l'élastomère de la partie 24A présente une dureté comprise entre 75 et 80 shore A. On note qu'une plus grande dureté confère une meilleure tenue à l'extrusion.  Each non-inflatable seal 24 is composed of two parts 24A, 24B made of different elastomers and having different properties. Thus, the elastomer of the portion 24B has a hardness of between 85 and 90 Shore A in this example, and the elastomer of the portion 24A has a hardness of between 75 and 80 shore A. It is noted that a greater hardness gives a better resistance to extrusion.
Les deux parties 24A, 24B peuvent être indépendantes, et sont, par exemple, fabriquées séparément et juxtaposées au montage (elles sont laissées libres ou collées).  The two parts 24A, 24B can be independent, and are, for example, manufactured separately and juxtaposed to the assembly (they are left free or glued).
Dans une variante, les deux parties 24A, 24B sont solidaires, les deux élastomères les constituant étant vulcanisés ensemble et formant un seul et même élément bi-gomme. Dans une autre variante, le joint d'étanchéité 24 non gonflable peut être composé de plus de deux parties 24A, 24B fabriqués dans des élastomères différents et présentant des propriétés différentes. In a variant, the two parts 24A, 24B are integral, the two constituent elastomers being vulcanized together and forming one and the same bi-gum element. In another variant, the non-inflatable seal 24 may be composed of more than two parts 24A, 24B manufactured in different elastomers and having different properties.
On décrit en référence aux figures 7A à 7C un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  A fourth embodiment of the invention is described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7C.
Dans cette variante de réalisation, le joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable est placé entre deux bagues anti-extrusion 26, chacune des bagues anti-extrusion 26 étant placée entre le joint d'étanchéité 22 et une butée métallique annulaire 21, en contact avec cette dernière. Les bagues anti-extrusion 26 sont montées mobiles sur l'élément tubulaire 1.  In this variant embodiment, the inflatable seal 22 is placed between two anti-extrusion rings 26, each of the anti-extrusion rings 26 being placed between the seal 22 and an annular metal stop 21, in contact with this last. The anti-extrusion rings 26 are movably mounted on the tubular element 1.
Chaque bague anti-extrusion 26 comprend deux parties 26A, 26B en forme de triangle rectangle. Ces deux parties 26A, 26B sont disposées tête bêche, de façon que leurs surfaces inclinées (correspondant à la base du triangle) respectives se fassent face.  Each anti-extrusion ring 26 comprises two parts 26A, 26B in the shape of a right triangle. These two parts 26A, 26B are arranged head to tail, so that their inclined surfaces (corresponding to the base of the triangle) are facing each other.
Les bagues anti-extrusion 26 sont, par exemple, réalisées en polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ou polyétheréthercétone (PEEK).  The anti-extrusion rings 26 are, for example, made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
La figure 7A montre l'élément tubulaire 1 métallique expansé.  Figure 7A shows the expanded metal tubular element 1.
La figure 7B montre, dans la position expansée de l'élément tubulaire 1 métallique, le joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflé. Ce dernier a rempli la cavité F et est en contact avec les bagues anti-extrusion 26  Figure 7B shows, in the expanded position of the tubular element 1 metal, the seal 22 inflated. The latter has filled the cavity F and is in contact with the anti-extrusion rings 26
Sur la figure 7C, on constate que l'application d'une pression différentielle (illustrée par les flèches à droite) entre les espaces annulaires EAl et EA2 a pour effet de plaquer/comprimer le joint d'étanchéité 22 dans le sens axial contre la bague anti-extrusion 26 située à gauche. Plus précisément, la pression appliquée dans l'espace annulaire EA2 passe entre la butée 21 située à droite et la paroi interne du puits A, puis entre la bague anti-extrusion 26 située à droite et la paroi interne du puits A. Ceci pour effet de plaquer le joint d'étanchéité 22 contre la partie 26B de la bague 26 située à gauche de la figure 7C. La partie 26B de la bague 26, et sa surface en biseau, coulisse vers la butée 21 de gauche, et par effet de « coin » vient soulever et provoquer le déplacement radial vers l'extérieur (en direction de la paroi du puits A) de la partie 26A de la bague 26 jusqu'à ce que la partie 26A s'applique contre la paroi. In FIG. 7C, it can be seen that the application of a differential pressure (illustrated by the arrows on the right) between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 has the effect of pressing / compressing the seal 22 in the axial direction against the anti-extrusion ring 26 located on the left. More specifically, the pressure applied in the annular space EA2 passes between the stop 21 on the right and the inner wall of the well A, then between the anti-extrusion ring 26 on the right and the inner wall of the well A. This has the effect to press the seal 22 against the portion 26B of the ring 26 to the left of Figure 7C. The portion 26B of the ring 26, and its bevelled surface, slides toward the stop 21 on the left, and by "wedge" effect is raised and cause the radial displacement outwards (towards the wall of the well A). of the portion 26A of the ring 26 until the portion 26A is against the wall.
Les parties 26A, 26B de la bague 26 de gauche coopèrent ainsi parfaitement avec le joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable de façon à éviter l'extrusion de celui-ci et à assurer l'étanchéité dynamique entre l'élément tubulaire 1 et la paroi interne du puits A.  The portions 26A, 26B of the left-hand ring 26 thus cooperate perfectly with the inflatable seal 22 so as to avoid the extrusion thereof and to ensure dynamic sealing between the tubular element 1 and the inner wall well A.
On décrit en référence aux figures 8A à 8D un cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cette variante de réalisation diffère uniquement de la précédente par la mise en œuvre d'un joint d'étanchéité 24 non gonflable (en élastomère par exemple) de part et d'autre du joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable.  A fifth embodiment of the invention is described with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8D. This variant differs only from the previous embodiment by the implementation of a non-inflatable seal 24 (elastomer for example) on either side of the inflatable seal 22.
La figure 8A montre l'élément tubulaire 1 lorsqu'il n'est pas encore déformé et installé dans un puits ou cuvelage.  FIG. 8A shows the tubular element 1 when it is not yet deformed and installed in a well or casing.
Dans cette variante de réalisation, le joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable est placé entre deux bagues anti-extrusion 26, chacune des bagues anti-extrusion 26 étant placée entre le joint d'étanchéité 22 et une butée 21 métallique annulaire.  In this embodiment, the inflatable seal 22 is placed between two anti-extrusion rings 26, each of the anti-extrusion rings 26 being placed between the seal 22 and an annular metal stop 21.
En outre, deux joints d'étanchéité 24 non gonflables sont disposés de part et d'autre du joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable.  In addition, two non-inflatable seals 24 are disposed on either side of the inflatable seal 22.
La figure 8B montre l'élément tubulaire 1 expansée.  Figure 8B shows the expanded tubular member 1.
La figure 8C montre, dans la position expansée de l'élément tubulaire 1, le joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflé.  FIG. 8C shows, in the expanded position of the tubular element 1, the swollen seal 22.
Sur la figure 8D, on constate que l'application d'une pression différentielle (illustrée par les flèches à droite) entre les espaces annulaires EAl et EA2 a pour effet de plaquer/comprimer le joint d'étanchéité 22 et le joint d'étanchéité 24 non gonflable situé à gauche dans le sens axial contre la bague anti-extrusion 26 située à gauche. La partie 26B de la bague 26, et sa surface en biseau, coulisse vers la butée 21 de gauche, et par effet de « coin » vient soulever et provoquer le déplacement radial vers l'extérieur (en direction de la paroi du puits A) de la partie 26A de la bague 26 jusqu'à ce que la partie 26A s'applique contre la paroi. In FIG. 8D, it can be seen that the application of a differential pressure (illustrated by the arrows on the right) between the annular spaces EA1 and EA2 has the effect of pressing / compressing the seal 22 and the seal 24 non-inflatable located left in the axial direction against the anti-extrusion ring 26 to the left. The portion 26B of the ring 26, and its bevelled surface, slides towards the stop 21 on the left, and by "wedge" effect is raised and cause the radial displacement towards the outside (in the direction of the well wall A) of the portion 26A of the ring 26 until the portion 26A is against the wall.
Les parties 26A, 26B de la bague 26 de gauche et le joint d'étanchéité 24 non gonflable situé à gauche coopèrent ainsi parfaitement avec le joint d'étanchéité 22 gonflable de façon à éviter l'extrusion de celui-ci et à assurer l'étanchéité dynamique entre l'élément tubulaire 1 et la paroi interne du puits A. Il est à noter que d'autres formes que celles illustrées sont envisageables pour les butées, les joints d'étanchéité et les bagues anti-extrusion.  The portions 26A, 26B of the left ring 26 and the non-inflatable seal 24 located on the left perfectly cooperate with the inflatable seal 22 so as to avoid the extrusion thereof and to ensure the dynamic sealing between the tubular element 1 and the inner wall of the well A. It should be noted that other forms than those illustrated are possible for stops, seals and anti-extrusion rings.
Par ailleurs, il peut être envisagé d'associer des bagues anti-extrusion 26 au joint d'étanchéité 22, 24 tel que décrit en relation avec la figure 6.  Moreover, it may be envisaged to associate anti-extrusion rings 26 with the seal 22, 24 as described in relation with FIG. 6.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Elément tubulaire (1) métallique expansible radialement, qui comporte sur sa face externe au moins un module annulaire d'étanchéité (2), caractérisé en ce que ledit module annulaire d'étanchéité (2) comprend au moins un joint d'étanchéité annulaire en un matériau gonflable, dit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22), disposé entre deux butées annulaires (21) fixées sur ladite face externe dudit élément tubulaire (1). 1. A radially expandable metal tubular element (1), which has on its outer face at least one annular sealing module (2), characterized in that said annular sealing module (2) comprises at least one gasket. annular seal of an inflatable material, said inflatable seal (22), disposed between two annular abutments (21) fixed on said outer face of said tubular element (1).
2. Elément tubulaire (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre deux bagues anti-extrusion (26) disposées chacune entre une desdites butées annulaires (21) et ledit au moins un joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22).  2. tubular element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises two anti-extrusion rings (26) each disposed between one of said annular stops (21) and said at least one inflatable seal ( 22).
3. Elément tubulaire (1) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque bague anti-extrusion (26) est en deux parties (26A, 26B) et comprend deux surfaces en biseau ménagées respectivement sur chacune desdites parties (26A, 26B), lesdites surfaces en biseau étant situées en regard l'une de l'autre et étant aptes à coulisser l'une par rapport à l'autre sous l'effet d'un mouvement axial dudit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22) de façon à provoquer un déplacement radial de l'une desdites deux parties (26A, 26B). Tubular element (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that each anti-extrusion ring (26) is in two parts (26A, 26B) and comprises two bevelled surfaces formed respectively on each of said parts (26A, 26B). said bevelled surfaces being facing one another and being slidable with respect to each other by axial movement of said inflatable seal (22) in a manner such that causing a radial displacement of one of said two parts (26A, 26B).
4. Elément tubulaire (1) selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque bague anti-extrusion (26) est en polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ou polyétheréthercétone (PEEK). 4. tubular element (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each anti-extrusion ring (26) is of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
5. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22) est placé en sandwich entre deux joints d'étanchéité en matériau non gonflable, dits joints d'étanchéité non gonflables (24). 5. Tubular element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said inflatable seal (22) is sandwiched between two seals non-inflatable material, said seals non-inflatable (24).
6. Elément tubulaire (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque joint d'étanchéité non gonflable (24) est en deux parties (24A, 24B), dites première et deuxième parties, de dureté différente. 6. tubular element (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that each non-inflatable seal (24) is in two parts (24A, 24B), said first and second parts, of different hardness.
7. Elément tubulaire (1) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la partie présentant la moins grande dureté, dite première partie (24A), est juxtaposée audit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22).  7. tubular element (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the part having the least hardness, said first portion (24A) is juxtaposed to said inflatable seal (22).
8. Elément tubulaire (1) selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la première partie (24A) présente une dureté comprise entre 75 et 80 shore A. 8. tubular element (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the first portion (24A) has a hardness of between 75 and 80 shore A.
9. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième partie (24B) présente une dureté comprise entre 85 et 90 shore A. 9. tubular element (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the second portion (24B) has a hardness of between 85 and 90 shore A.
10. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les première et deuxième parties (24A, 24B) sont fabriquées séparément et sont placées en contact sur ledit élément tubulaire (1).  10. tubular element (1) according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the first and second parts (24A, 24B) are manufactured separately and are placed in contact on said tubular element (1).
11. Elément tubulaire (1) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les première et deuxième parties (24A, 24B) sont collées. 11. Tubular element (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the first and second parts (24A, 24B) are glued.
12. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les première et deuxième parties (24A, 24B) sont formées en un seul bloc. 12. tubular element (1) according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the first and second parts (24A, 24B) are formed in one block.
13. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22) et les joints d'étanchéité non gonflables (24) sont fabriquées séparément et sont placés en contact sur ledit élément tubulaire (1). Tubular element (1) according to one of Claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the said inflatable seal (22) and the non-inflatable seals (24) are manufactured separately and are placed in contact with each other. said tubular element (1).
14. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22) et les joints d'étanchéité non gonflables (24) sont fabriquées séparément et sont collés.  14. tubular element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that said inflatable seal (22) and non-inflatable seals (24) are manufactured separately and are glued.
15. Elément tubulaire selon l'une des revendications 5 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22) et les joints d'étanchéité non gonflables (24) sont formés en un seul bloc. Tubular element according to one of Claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the said inflatable seal (22) and the non-inflatable seals (24) are formed in a single block.
16. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que lesdites butées annulaires (21) sont en métal. 16. tubular element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that said annular abutments (21) are metal.
17. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que le ou lesdits joints d'étanchéité (22, 24) est/sont reliés audit élément tubulaire (1) par une liaison pivot glissant.  17. tubular element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the or said seals (22, 24) is / are connected to said tubular member (1) by a sliding pivot connection.
18. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22) est apte à passer d'un mode rétracté dans lequel il présente un premier volume à un mode dilaté dans lequel il présente un second volume plus important que le premier volume, ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22) ayant une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à la distance séparant les butées annulaires (21) dans le mode rétracté.  Tubular element (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the said inflatable seal (22) is able to pass from a retracted mode in which it presents a first volume to an expanded mode. wherein it has a second larger volume than the first volume, said inflatable seal (22) having a thickness less than or equal to the distance between the annular stops (21) in the retracted mode.
19. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint d'étanchéité gonflable (22) est en caoutchouc nitrile (NBR), en nitrile Hydrogéné (HNBR) ou bien en Fluoroélastomère (FKM).  Tubular element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that said inflatable seal (22) is made of nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR) or fluoroelastomer (FKM). ).
20. Elément tubulaire (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément tubulaire (1) est expansible radialement par hydroformage.  20. tubular element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that said tubular element (1) is expandable radially by hydroforming.
PCT/EP2015/064444 2014-07-11 2015-06-25 Expandable tubular element bearing one or more inflatable seals WO2016005204A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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DK15731361.0T DK3167148T3 (en) 2014-07-11 2015-06-25 Expandable tubular member carrying one or more inflatable gaskets
US15/325,663 US20170159401A1 (en) 2014-07-11 2015-06-25 Expandable tubular element bearing one or more swelling seals
EP15731361.0A EP3167148B1 (en) 2014-07-11 2015-06-25 Expandable tubular element bearing one or more inflatable seals

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1456717 2014-07-11
FR1456717A FR3023579B1 (en) 2014-07-11 2014-07-11 EXPANSIBLE TUBULAR ELEMENT HAVING ONE OR MORE INFLATABLE SEAL SEALS

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WO2016005204A1 true WO2016005204A1 (en) 2016-01-14

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EP (1) EP3167148B1 (en)
DK (1) DK3167148T3 (en)
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WO2019147285A1 (en) * 2018-01-29 2019-08-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Sealing apparatus with swellable metal
US10760372B2 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-09-01 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc High expansion well tool and associated methods
BR112022013117A2 (en) * 2020-02-28 2022-09-06 Halliburton Energy Services Inc EXPANDABLE METAL FISHING TOOL
WO2022220792A1 (en) * 2021-04-12 2022-10-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Expandable metal as backup for elastomeric elements
GB2623713A (en) * 2021-10-05 2024-04-24 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Expandable metal sealing/anchoring tool
CN115463957A (en) * 2022-10-11 2022-12-13 中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心 Multistage injection well system for in-situ soil and underground water pollution remediation and installation method

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Also Published As

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EP3167148B1 (en) 2018-12-26
DK3167148T3 (en) 2019-04-15
FR3023579B1 (en) 2016-08-19
US20170159401A1 (en) 2017-06-08
EP3167148A1 (en) 2017-05-17
FR3023579A1 (en) 2016-01-15

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