WO2016000107A1 - 动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法及其装置 - Google Patents

动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法及其装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016000107A1
WO2016000107A1 PCT/CN2014/081086 CN2014081086W WO2016000107A1 WO 2016000107 A1 WO2016000107 A1 WO 2016000107A1 CN 2014081086 W CN2014081086 W CN 2014081086W WO 2016000107 A1 WO2016000107 A1 WO 2016000107A1
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Prior art keywords
routing device
lsa
neighbor
information
standby
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PCT/CN2014/081086
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪子梅
彭肃家
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2014/081086 priority Critical patent/WO2016000107A1/zh
Priority to CN201480036222.7A priority patent/CN105340226B/zh
Publication of WO2016000107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016000107A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of network communications, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for switching between active and standby systems of a dynamic routing device.
  • the neighboring routing device of the dynamic routing device actively exits the neighbor relationship and deletes the routing information learned by the neighbors.
  • the dynamic routing device is also interrupted by the neighboring routing device.
  • the routing information learned by the neighbor in the primary system is deleted.
  • the backup system does not back up the neighbor status and routing information.
  • the routing information of the dynamic routing device is completely lost during the handover.
  • the dynamic routing device renegotiates with its neighboring routing device to establish a neighbor relationship.
  • the dynamic routing device and its neighbor routing devices will have a long-term route loss, that is, the route is interrupted, which causes the uplink and downlink services to be interrupted due to route lookup failure.
  • the present invention provides a method for switching between the active and standby systems of a dynamic routing device and a device thereof, which can implement routing without interruption during active/standby switching.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a method for switching between a master and a backup system of a dynamic routing device, where the dynamic routing device operates in a mode of an active/standby system, including: acquiring and controlling a standby system of the dynamic routing device before the active/standby switchover
  • the information, the neighbor status, and the connection status are used to declare the LSA identifier, where the neighbor status includes at least one identifier of the neighbor routing device that has adjacency with the dynamic routing device, where the control information is used by the dynamic routing device, Negotiating adjacency between the neighboring routing devices, the LSA identifier is used to identify the LSA information; and when the active/standby switchover is performed, the standby system is at a preset time from the last time the primary system of the dynamic routing device sends the first packet
  • the second packet is actively sent to all the neighboring routing devices according to the neighboring state, so that the neighboring routing device maintains adjacency with the dynamic routing device, where the first packet and the second packet are The
  • the standby system learns LSA information from the neighboring routing device according to the LSA identification information, and performs routing update according to the LSA information, including: And the reporting system sends a connection status request LSR message to the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier, so that the neighbor routing device returns a connection status update LSU message corresponding to the LSA identifier;
  • the LSU packet is configured to establish a connection state database LSDB according to the LSU message, and send a connection status confirmation LSACK message to the neighbor routing device to prompt the LSA update to end; the standby system completes the route calculation according to the LSDB. , update routing and topology information.
  • the standby system sends a connection status request LSR message to the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier, including: The standby system sends an LSR packet to the neighboring routing device according to the LSA identifier, and changes the neighbor state to an information loading state.
  • the standby system receives the LSU packet and establishes a connection according to the LSU packet.
  • the status database LSDB sends a connection status confirmation LSACK message to the neighboring routing device.
  • the standby system receives the LSU message, establishes an LSDB according to the LSU message, and sends an LSACK message to the neighbor routing device. And changing the neighbor state to a completely adjacency state.
  • the standby system of the dynamic routing device acquires control information, neighbor status, and connection status announcement
  • the LSA identifier includes: the standby system of the dynamic routing device acquires control information, neighbor status, and LSA identifier of the real-time backup of the primary system.
  • the standby system learns from the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier
  • the LSA information, and the route update according to the LSA information further includes: the standby system as a new primary system, and backing up the control information, the neighbor status, and the LSA identifier of the current dynamic routing device to the primary system that is the new standby system.
  • the method further includes: when the primary system fails or the primary system performs the upgrade, the main execution is performed. Backup switch.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a backup system of a dynamic routing device, where the dynamic routing device operates in a mode of a primary standby system, where the standby system includes a receiving module, a sending module, and a processing module, and the receiving module
  • the standby system includes a receiving module, a sending module, and a processing module, and the receiving module
  • the LSA identifier is obtained before the active/standby switchover, where the neighbor status includes at least one identifier information of the neighbor routing device that has an adjacency relationship with the routing device, where the control is performed.
  • the information is used for the negotiation adjacency between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device, where the LSA identifier is used to identify the LSA information, and the sending module is configured to: when the active/standby switchover is performed, the standby system is at a distance from the dynamic route. And the neighboring routing device actively sends the second packet to the neighboring routing device according to the neighbor status acquired by the receiving module, so that the neighbor routing device and the dynamic The routing device maintains the adjacency state, where the first packet and the second packet are used to maintain the dynamic routing device. Abutment state between the neighboring routing device; and the processing module is configured, and routing updates to the neighbor routing apparatus according to the learned information LSA LSA LSA information based on the acquired identifier of the receiving module.
  • the processing module is configured to learn LSA information from the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier acquired by the receiving module, and perform the LSA information according to the LSA information.
  • the routing update is specifically: sending, according to the LSA identifier obtained by the receiving module, a connection status request LSR message to the neighbor routing device, so that the neighbor routing device replies with the connection status update LSU message corresponding to the LSA identifier.
  • Receiving the LSU message establishing a connection state database LSDB according to the LSU message, and sending a connection status confirmation LSACK message to the neighbor routing device to prompt the LSA update to end; completing the route calculation and updating according to the LSDB Routing and topology information.
  • the processing module is configured to send a connection status request LSR to the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier acquired by the receiving module And receiving the LSU message, and establishing a connection state database LSDB according to the LSU message, and sending a connection status confirmation LSACK message to the neighboring routing device, which is more specifically: according to the LSA identifier obtained by the receiving module, Sending an LSR packet to the neighboring routing device, and changing the state of the neighbor to an information loading state; receiving the LSU packet, establishing an LSDB according to the LSU packet, and sending an LSACK packet to the neighboring routing device, and The neighbor state is changed to a completely adjacency state.
  • the receiving module is specifically configured to acquire control information and a neighbor status of the real-time backup of the primary system. , LSA logo.
  • the processing module is further configured to: according to the LSA identifier After the neighboring routing device learns the LSA information and performs routing update according to the LSA information, the standby system is determined to be the new primary system, and the control information, the neighbor status, and the neighbor status of the current dynamic routing device are backed up to the primary system that is the standby system. LSA logo.
  • the standby system performs the active/standby Switch.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides a backup system of a dynamic routing device, where the dynamic routing device operates in a mode of a primary standby system, where the standby system includes a processor and a transmitter, and the transmitter is used to
  • the dynamic routing device sends the information to the neighboring routing device with the adjacency relationship;
  • the processor is configured to: obtain the control information, the neighbor state, and the connection state to announce the LSA identifier before the active/standby switchover, where the neighbor state includes at least one
  • the dynamic routing device currently has the identification information of the neighboring routing device in the adjacency relationship, and the control information is used for the negotiation adjacency between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device, where the LSA identifier is used to identify the LSA information;
  • the sender sends the second packet to all the neighboring routing devices according to the neighbor state within a preset time period when the primary system of the dynamic routing device sends the first packet.
  • the neighboring routing device and the dynamic routing device are maintained in an adjacency state, wherein the first packet, Two packets are used for maintaining the abutting state between the dynamic device and the routing device neighbor route; routing information to the neighbor learning apparatus according to the LSA LSA identifier, and routing updates according to the LSA information.
  • the method further includes: a receiver, configured to receive information about the neighbor routing device; the processor is further configured to use the LSA identifier to the neighbor
  • the routing device learns the LSA information and performs the route update according to the LSA information, which is: according to the LSA identifier, the sender sends a connection state request LSR packet to the neighbor routing device, so that the neighbor routing device replies with The connection status update LSU message corresponding to the LSA identifier; establishing a connection state database LSDB according to the LSU message received by the receiver, and causing the sender to send a connection status confirmation LSACK message to the neighbor routing device, Ending the LSA update; updating the route and topology information according to the LSDB completing the route calculation.
  • the processor is configured to enable the sender to send a connection state request LSR to the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier
  • the packet is configured to establish a connection state database LSDB according to the LSU packet received by the receiver, and the sender sends a connection status confirmation LSACK message to the neighboring routing device, which is more specifically: according to the LSA identifier, the transmitter is configured.
  • changing the neighbor state to a completely adjacency state.
  • the processor is further configured to acquire control information and a neighbor status of the real-time backup of the primary system. , LSA logo.
  • the processor is further configured to: After the neighboring routing device learns the LSA information and performs routing update according to the LSA information, the standby system is determined to be the new primary system, and the control information, the neighbor status, and the neighbor status of the current dynamic routing device are backed up to the primary system that is the standby system. LSA logo.
  • the standby system when the primary system fails or the primary system performs the upgrade, the standby system performs the active and standby Switch.
  • the fourth aspect of the present application provides a dynamic routing device, including a primary system and a standby system, where the primary system is configured to announce LSA identification to the standby system backup control information, neighbor status, and connection status before the active/standby switchover.
  • the standby system is a standby system as described above.
  • the standby system sends the second packet to the neighboring routing device to maintain the adjacency relationship with the dynamic routing device, that is, the neighbor relationship between the neighboring routing device and the dynamic routing device is implemented.
  • the system does not interrupt, and the dynamic routing device backs up the LSA ID to the backup system before the active/standby switchover.
  • the information of the LSA is small, and the standby system of the dynamic routing device learns the LSA information from the neighboring routing device according to the backed up LSA identifier to obtain the complete LSA information for route update.
  • the fast repair of the adjacency relationship is avoided, and the route interruption is avoided.
  • the dynamic routing device can back up only a small amount of information to achieve uninterrupted routing.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for switching between active and standby systems of a dynamic routing device according to the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a network where a dynamic routing device performing the method shown in FIG. 1 is located before an active/standby switchover;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a network where a dynamic routing device performing the method shown in FIG. 1 is located after an active/standby switchover;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for switching between active and standby systems of a dynamic routing device of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an implementation manner of a backup system of a dynamic routing device according to the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a standby system of a dynamic routing device according to the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for switching between a primary and a backup system of a dynamic routing device according to the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a network of a dynamic routing device that performs the method shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial structural diagram of a network in which the dynamic routing device performing the method shown in FIG. 1 is located after the active/standby switchover.
  • the method is performed by the dynamic routing device 110.
  • the dynamic routing device 110 establishes an adjacency relationship with at least one neighbor routing device 220.
  • the dynamic routing device 110 operates in the mode of the active and standby systems, that is, the dynamic routing device 110 includes a primary system 111 and a standby system 112, which are two mutually alternate control systems of the dynamic routing device 110, for example, The two control boards are used to take over the main system 111 when the main system 111 fails or the main system 111 is upgraded.
  • the method includes:
  • the standby system of the dynamic routing device acquires control information, neighbor status, and connection status announcement (English: Link-State)
  • An advertisement (referred to as an LSA) identifier, where the neighbor status includes at least one identifier of a neighboring routing device that has adjacency with the dynamic routing device, and the control information is used by the dynamic routing device and the neighbor routing device.
  • the LSA identifier is used to identify LSA information.
  • the dynamic routing device in this application is a routing device that can automatically establish its own routing table and can adjust routing information in a timely manner according to actual changes. For example, before the active/standby switchover, the primary system of the dynamic routing device detects the neighboring routing device and the neighboring routing device, and automatically generates the neighbor relationship and the corresponding LSA of the newly added neighboring routing device. information.
  • control information may include the configuration information, the interface information, and the IP address of the neighboring routing device.
  • the standby system 112 of the dynamic routing device 110 implements the basic configuration of the dynamic routing device according to the configuration information, and the standby system 112 according to the interface information and the neighbor routing device. Information such as the IP address is negotiated with the neighboring routing device to establish or maintain adjacency.
  • the user inputs the configuration information of the dynamic routing device 110 through the human-machine interface, or the dynamic routing device 110 directly obtains the pre-existing local configuration information, and delivers the configuration, and the main system 111 of the dynamic routing device 110
  • the configuration information is received by the backup system 112 to ensure that the dynamic routing device 110 can be configured according to the configuration information.
  • the main system 111 of the dynamic routing device 110 backs up the current neighbor status, the LSA identifier, and other control information, such as interface information, to the standby system 112.
  • the main system 111 first receives the delivered configuration information, and backs up the configuration information together with other backup information to the standby system 112.
  • the LSA is identified as the data that can identify the LSA information, such as the ID or the name of the LSA information.
  • the primary system 111 obtains its ID or name from the current LSA information of the dynamic routing device 110 as the LSA identifier of the LSA information.
  • the neighbor status includes identification information such as an ID of the neighbor routing device 120 that has adjacency with the dynamic routing device 110 in the current network topology.
  • Step 102 When performing the active/standby switchover, the standby system sends a second to all the neighbor routing devices according to the neighbor state within a preset time from the last time that the primary system of the dynamic routing device sends the first packet.
  • the message is used to maintain the adjacency status between the neighboring routing device and the dynamic routing device, where the first packet and the second packet are used to maintain the adjacency status between the dynamic routing device and the neighbor routing device.
  • the main system 111 When the main system 111 is in normal operation, the main system 111 establishes a neighbor relationship with the neighbor routing device 120 and performs information interaction. If the primary system 111 fails or is upgraded, the active/standby switchover is performed. At this time, the control plane of the standby system 112 needs to take over the control plane information of the primary system 111, and the neighbor relationship between the primary system 111 and the neighbor routing device 120 is also required. Switch to the standby system 112.
  • the dynamic routing device 110 is the shortest path priority (English: Open Shortest Path).
  • OSPF routing device the neighboring state of a routing device includes three types: 1. A completely adjacency state, hereinafter also referred to as a Full state, that is, a neighbor relationship is discovered, and LSA information interaction has been performed between neighbors. 2, the information loading state, hereinafter also referred to as the loading state, that is, the neighbor is found and the LSA information is being exchanged; 3. The initial state, hereinafter also referred to as the Down state, that is, no neighbors are found.
  • the main system 111 of the dynamic routing device 110 periodically sends a 2_way hello message to the neighbor routing device, that is, the neighbor routing device 120 having the adjacency relationship, to maintain the bidirectional relationship between the neighbors.
  • the neighboring routing device 120 does not receive the hello packet of the 2_way within the preset time, the neighbor relationship is considered to be interrupted, and the neighbor state of the neighboring routing device 120 changes from the Full state to the Down state.
  • the standby system 112 implements the control of the dynamic routing device 110 by the takeover main system 111 according to the acquisition control information, and presets the hello message that is the 2_way of the first message from the main system 111.
  • the neighboring routing device 120 sends the second packet, which is also the hello packet of the neighboring routing device 120, to the neighboring routing device 120, so that the neighboring state of the neighboring routing device 120 having the adjacency relationship with the dynamic routing device 110 in the network is maintained in a full state.
  • the neighboring routing device 120 and the dynamic routing device 110 maintain the adjacency state, and the neighbor relationship between the primary system 111 of the dynamic routing device 110 and the neighbor routing device 120 is successfully switched to the standby system 112.
  • first and second packets can be specifically configured according to the protocol between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device.
  • first and second packets are the same type of packets, as in the above example, dynamic routing.
  • the device and the neighboring routing device maintain the adjacency relationship through the Hello packet.
  • the first and second packets are Hello packets.
  • the standby system learns LSA information from the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier, and performs routing update according to the LSA information.
  • the standby system 112 since the standby system 112 has only the LSA identifier and no specific LSA information, the neighbor relationship of the dynamic routing device 110 is set to the loading state.
  • the standby system 112 sends the LSA identifier to the neighbor routing device 120, so that the neighbor routing device 120 sends the corresponding LSA information to the standby system 112 according to the LSA identifier to implement LSA information learning.
  • the standby system 112 establishes a connection state database according to the LSA information returned by the neighbor routing device 120 (English: Link State Data Base, referred to as LSDB. In this case, the neighbor relationship is repaired between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device.
  • the neighbor relationship of the dynamic routing device 110 is set to the Full state.
  • the standby system 112 calculates the path of each destination network by using the SPF algorithm according to the LSA information returned by the neighbor routing device 120, and implements route update.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for switching between active and standby systems of a dynamic routing device according to the present application.
  • the method is performed by a dynamic routing device as described in the above embodiments.
  • the method includes:
  • the standby system of the dynamic routing device acquires control information, a neighbor state, and an LSA identifier, where the neighbor state includes at least one neighbor routing device that has an adjacency relationship with the dynamic routing device.
  • the identification information is used for the negotiation adjacency between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device, and the LSA identifier is used to identify the LSA information.
  • the standby system When performing the active/standby switchover, the standby system actively sends the second packet to all the neighbor routing devices according to the neighbor state within a preset time from the last time that the primary system sends the first packet, to And maintaining the adjacency status between the neighboring routing device and the dynamic routing device, where the first packet and the second packet are used to maintain an adjacency state between the dynamic routing device and the neighbor routing device.
  • the standby system sends a connection state request to the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier.
  • Request abbreviated as: LSR
  • LSU Link State Update
  • the general neighbor establishment process establishes adjacency relationship and specifies the routing device (English: Designated Router, referred to as DR)/Backup designated routing device (English: Backup Designated Router, referred to as BDR, several processes of election, routing device discovery, routing device selection, and routing information maintenance.
  • DR Designated Router
  • BDR Backup Designated Router
  • the process of discovering the routing device is also the LSDB synchronization process, including the link data description (English: Data Description, abbreviated as: DD) Interaction and LSA learning, DD interaction is the LSA identity update synchronization process, and the current standby system backs up the original primary LSA identity, that is, the DD interaction process is not required. Therefore, you need to learn the LSA information from the neighboring routing device based on the LSA ID to form an independent and complete LSDB. Therefore, the standby system sends an LSR packet to the neighbor, that is, the neighboring routing device, and then changes the neighbor state to the loading state.
  • DD Link Data Description
  • the standby system receives the LSU packet, establishes an LSDB according to the LSU packet, and sends a connection status confirmation to the neighbor routing device. Acknowledment (abbreviation: LSACK) message to indicate the end of the LSA update.
  • LSACK Acknowledment
  • the neighbor relationship of the neighboring routing device is considered to be a normal LSA update process and the LSA update packet is replied normally after receiving the LSR packet.
  • the standby system of the dynamic routing device receives the LSA update packet from the neighboring routing device and updates the LSDB of the local device. At the same time, it will reply to the LSACK packet and confirm that the LSA update process ends. After all the LSA information is learned, the LSDB of the dynamic routing device is re-established, and the neighbor relationship is repaired between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device. At this time, the neighbor relationship of the dynamic routing device is set to the Full state.
  • the standby system completes route calculation according to the LSDB, and updates routing and topology information.
  • the standby system independently uses the SPF algorithm to calculate the path to each destination network according to the content of the LSDB, and stores the path in the routing table to update the routing and topology information.
  • the standby system is used as a new primary system, and the control information, the neighbor status, and the LSA identifier of the current dynamic routing device are backed up to the primary system that is the new standby system.
  • the topology is stable.
  • the standby system has completely taken over the primary system as the new primary system.
  • the original primary system serves as the new standby system.
  • the new primary system backs up the neighbor status of the current dynamic routing device to the new standby system.
  • LSA identification and control information such as interface information, and consistent in real time.
  • the information backup is preferably a real-time backup, that is, if the configuration information is updated, the dynamic routing device is sent to the active/standby system in real time, or in real time. It is sent to the main system, and then the main system is backed up to the standby system in real time. If the neighbor status, LSA ID, or interface information changes, the primary system backs up to the standby system in real time.
  • the dynamic routing device can also adopt the method of timing backup, which is not limited herein.
  • the dynamic routing device of the present application is specifically an OSPF routing device, but is not limited to an OSPF routing device.
  • the application is also applicable to routing devices similar to other routing protocols, such as a border gateway protocol.
  • Gateway Protocol BGP
  • Label Distribution Protocol English: Label Distribution
  • LDP Label Distribution Protocol
  • Multi-Protocol Label Switching English: Multi-Protocol Label Switching, MPLS for short.
  • the standby system sends a second packet to the neighboring routing device before the timeout expires, so that the neighboring routing device maintains the adjacency relationship with the dynamic routing device. Interrupted.
  • the standby system learns the LSA information from the neighboring routing device based on the LSA identifier, so that the complete LSA information is obtained for routing update.
  • the adjacency relationship is restored and the network topology is consistent after the master/slave system is switched.
  • the semi-backup and semi-learning mode adopted in this embodiment does not require a change protocol of the neighboring routing device in the active/standby switching process, and only a small amount of information is backed up to achieve uninterrupted routing.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an implementation system of a dynamic routing device of the present application.
  • the dynamic routing device of the present application is the dynamic routing device in the above embodiment.
  • the dynamic routing device establishes adjacency with at least one neighbor routing device (as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3).
  • the dynamic routing device operates in the mode of the active and standby systems, that is, the dynamic routing device includes a primary system and a standby system, and the active and standby systems are two mutually alternate control systems of the dynamic routing device, for example, two control boards.
  • the standby system takes over the main system.
  • the standby system 500 of the dynamic routing device includes a receiving module 510, a sending module 520, and a processing module 530.
  • the receiving module 510 is configured to obtain the control information, the neighbor status, and the LSA identifier before the active/standby switchover, where the neighbor status includes at least one identifier information of the neighbor routing device that has an adjacency relationship with the routing device, where the control is performed.
  • the information is used for the negotiation adjacency between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device, and the LSA identifier is used to identify the LSA information.
  • control information may include configuration information, interface information, and the neighboring routing device, that is, the IP address of the neighboring routing device.
  • the standby system 500 of the dynamic routing device implements the basic configuration of the dynamic routing device according to the configuration information, and the standby system 500 according to the interface information.
  • the information such as the IP address of the neighboring routing device is negotiated with the neighboring routing device to establish or maintain adjacency.
  • the user inputs the configuration information of the dynamic routing device through the human-machine interface, or the dynamic routing device directly obtains the pre-existing local configuration information, and delivers the configuration, and the primary system and the standby system 500 of the dynamic routing device are delivered.
  • the configuration information is sent to ensure that the dynamic routing device can be configured according to the configuration information, and the primary system of the dynamic routing device backs up the neighbor status, the LSA identifier, and other control information, such as interface information, to the standby system 500.
  • the primary system first receives the delivered configuration information, and backs up the configuration information together with other backup information to the standby system 500.
  • the LSA identifier is data used to distinguish different LSA information, such as the ID or name of the LSA information.
  • the neighbor status includes the identification information of the neighboring routing device, such as the ID, in the current network topology, which has adjacency with the dynamic routing device.
  • the sending module 520 is configured to: when the master/slave switchover is performed, the standby system 500 is in accordance with the neighbor state acquired by the receiving module 510 within a preset time from the last time that the primary system of the dynamic routing device sends the first packet.
  • the neighboring routing device actively sends the second packet, so that the neighboring routing device and the dynamic routing device maintain the adjacency state, where the first packet and the second packet are used to maintain the dynamic routing.
  • the adjacency status between the device and the neighbor routing device is configured to: when the master/slave switchover is performed, the standby system 500 is in accordance with the neighbor state acquired by the receiving module 510 within a preset time from the last time that the primary system of the dynamic routing device sends the first packet.
  • the neighboring routing device actively sends the second packet, so that the neighboring routing device and the dynamic routing device maintain the adjacency state, where the first packet and the second packet are used to maintain the dynamic routing.
  • the primary system When the primary system is running normally, the primary system establishes a neighbor relationship with the neighboring routing device and exchanges information. If the primary system fails or is upgraded, the active/standby switchover is performed. The control plane of the standby system needs to take over the control plane information of the primary system. The neighbor relationship between the primary system and the neighboring routing device also needs to be switched to the standby system. .
  • the dynamic routing device is a dynamic OSPF routing device as an example.
  • the dynamic routing device has three types of neighboring states: 1. Full state, that is, a neighbor relationship is discovered, and LSA information has been exchanged between neighbors. 2. In the loading state, the neighbor is discovered and the LSA information is being exchanged. 3. In the Down state, the neighbor is not found.
  • the primary system of the dynamic routing device periodically sends a 2_way hello packet to the neighboring routing device, that is, the neighboring routing device with the adjacency relationship, to maintain the bidirectional relationship between the neighbors.
  • the neighboring routing device does not receive the hello packet of the 2_way within the preset time, the neighbor relationship is considered to be interrupted.
  • the neighbor state of the neighboring routing device changes from the Full state to the Down state.
  • the standby system 500 implements the control of the takeover primary system according to the configured configuration information, and the sending module 520 of the standby system 500 transmits the first packet from the primary system to the hello packet of the 2_way.
  • the neighboring routing device that sends the second packet to the neighboring routing device actively sends the second packet to the neighboring routing device to keep the neighbor state of the neighboring routing device in the network with the dynamic routing device in the full state, that is, the neighbor.
  • the routing device maintains adjacency with the dynamic routing device of the present application, and the neighbor relationship between the primary system of the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device is successfully switched to the standby system 500.
  • the processing module 530 is configured to learn LSA information from the neighbor routing device according to the LSA identifier acquired by the receiving module 510, and perform routing update according to the LSA information.
  • the neighboring relationship of the dynamic routing device is set to the loading state because the standby system 500 has only the LSA identifier and no specific LSA information.
  • the processing module 530 of the standby system 500 sends an LSA identifier to the neighboring routing device, so that the neighboring routing device sends the corresponding LSA information to the processing module 530 of the standby system 500 according to the LSA identifier to implement LSA information learning.
  • the processing module 530 of the standby system 500 establishes an LSDB according to the LSA information returned by the neighboring routing device.
  • the neighbor relationship is repaired between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device, and the neighbor relationship of the dynamic routing device is set to the Full state.
  • the processing module 530 of the standby system 500 calculates the path of each destination network by using the SPF algorithm according to the LSA information returned by the neighboring routing device, and implements route update.
  • the processing module is further specifically configured to: Sending, according to the LSA identifier obtained by the receiving module, a connection status request LSR message to the neighbor routing device, so that the neighbor routing device returns a connection status update LSU message corresponding to the LSA identifier; and receiving the LSU
  • the packet is configured to establish a connection state database LSDB according to the LSU message, and send a connection status confirmation LSACK message to the neighbor routing device to prompt the LSA update to complete; and complete routing calculation according to the LSDB to update the routing and topology information.
  • the general neighbor establishment process is divided into adjacency relationship establishment, DR/BDR election, routing device discovery, routing device selection, and routing information maintenance.
  • the adjacency relationship is established and the DR/BDR election is directly synchronized according to the backed up information and sends a 2_way hello message, such as the receiving module and the sending module.
  • the process of discovering the routing device is also the LSDB synchronization process, which includes the DD interaction and the LSA learning.
  • the DD interaction is the LSA identity update synchronization process.
  • the current standby system backs up the original primary LSA identity, that is, the DD interaction process is not required.
  • the processing module of the standby system sends an LSR packet to the neighbor, that is, the neighboring routing device, and changes the neighbor state to the loading state.
  • the neighbor relationship of the neighboring routing device is considered to be a normal LSA update process and the LSA update packet is replied normally after receiving the LSR packet.
  • the processing module of the standby system of the dynamic routing device receives the LSA update packet of the neighboring routing device, and updates the LSDB of the local device, and also replies with the LSACK packet to confirm that the LSA update process ends. After all the LSA information is learned, the LSDB of the dynamic routing device is re-established, and the neighbor relationship is repaired between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device. At this time, the processing module sets the neighbor relationship of the dynamic routing device to the Full state.
  • the processing module of the standby system independently uses the SPF algorithm to calculate the path to each destination network according to the content of the LSDB, and stores the path in the routing table to implement update routing and topology. information.
  • the processing module of the standby system of the dynamic routing device of the present application is further configured to: after learning LSA information from the neighboring routing device according to the LSA identifier, and performing routing update according to the LSA information, determining the standby system as The new primary system backs up the control information, the neighbor status, and the LSA identifier of the current dynamic routing device to the primary system that is the new standby system.
  • the topology is stable.
  • the standby system has completely taken over the primary system as the new primary system, and the original primary system is used as the new standby system.
  • the processing module of the new primary system backs up the dynamic routing device to the new standby system.
  • the neighbor status, LSA ID, and control information, such as interface information, are consistent in real time.
  • the information backup is preferably a real-time backup, that is, if the configuration information is updated, the dynamic routing device is delivered to the active/standby system in real time, or in real time. It is sent to the main system, and then the main system is backed up to the standby system in real time. If the neighbor status, LSA ID, or interface information changes, the primary system backs up to the standby system in real time.
  • the dynamic routing device may also adopt a method of timing backup, which is not limited herein.
  • the dynamic routing device of the present application is specifically an OSPF routing device, but is not limited to an OSPF routing device.
  • the present application is also applicable to other dynamic routing devices, such as BGP, LDP, and MPLS.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of still another implementation manner of a backup system of the dynamic routing device of the present application.
  • the dynamic routing device of this embodiment is the dynamic routing device in the above embodiment.
  • the dynamic routing device establishes adjacency with at least one neighbor routing device (as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3).
  • the dynamic routing device operates in the mode of the active and standby systems, that is, the dynamic routing device includes a primary system and a standby system, and the active and standby systems are two mutually alternate control systems of the dynamic routing device, for example, two control boards.
  • the standby system takes over the main system.
  • the standby system 600 of the dynamic routing device includes a transmitter 610, a storage medium 620, a processor 630, and a bus 640.
  • the transmitter 610, the storage medium 620, and the processor 630 are connected by a bus 640.
  • the sender 610 is configured to send information to a neighbor routing device having an adjacency relationship with the dynamic routing device.
  • the storage medium 620 is used to store computer instructions executed by the processor 630 and data that is required to be stored by the processor 630 when it is in operation.
  • the processor 630 is configured to:
  • the control information, the neighbor status, and the LSA identifier are obtained, where the neighbor status includes at least one identifier of the neighbor routing device that has an adjacency relationship with the dynamic routing device, where the control information is used by the The negotiation adjacency between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device, where the LSA identifier is used to identify the LSA information;
  • the sender 610 actively sends the second route to all the neighboring routing devices according to the neighbor state within a preset time period when the primary system of the dynamic routing device sends the first packet. And the message is sent to maintain the adjacency status between the neighboring routing device and the dynamic routing device, where the first packet and the second packet are used to maintain the adjacency status between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device. ;
  • control information may include configuration information, interface information, and the neighboring routing device, that is, the IP address of the neighboring routing device.
  • the standby system 600 of the dynamic routing device implements the basic configuration of the dynamic routing device according to the configuration information, and the standby system 600 according to the interface information.
  • the information such as the IP address of the neighboring routing device is negotiated with the neighboring routing device to establish or maintain adjacency.
  • the user inputs the configuration information of the dynamic routing device through the human-machine interface, or the dynamic routing device directly obtains the pre-existing local configuration information, and delivers the configuration, and the primary system and the standby system 600 of the dynamic routing device are delivered.
  • the configuration information is sent to ensure that the dynamic routing device can be configured according to the configuration information, and the primary system of the dynamic routing device backs up the neighbor status, the LSA identifier, and other control information, such as the interface information, to the standby system 600.
  • the primary system first receives the delivered configuration information, and backs up the configuration information together with other backup information to the standby system 600.
  • the LSA identifier is data used to distinguish different LSA information, such as the ID or name of the LSA information.
  • the neighbor status includes the identification information of the neighboring routing device, such as the ID, in the current network topology.
  • the primary system When the primary system is running normally, the primary system establishes a neighbor relationship with the neighboring routing device and exchanges information. If the primary system fails or is upgraded, the active/standby switchover is performed. The control plane of the standby system needs to take over the control plane information of the primary system. The neighbor relationship between the primary system and the neighboring routing device also needs to be switched to the standby system. .
  • the dynamic routing device is a dynamic OSPF routing device as an example.
  • the dynamic routing device has three types of neighboring states: 1. Full state, that is, a neighbor relationship is discovered, and LSA information has been exchanged between neighbors; 2. In the loading state, the neighbor is discovered and the LSA information is being exchanged. 3. In the Down state, the neighbor is not found.
  • the primary system of the dynamic routing device periodically sends a 2_way hello packet to the neighboring routing device, that is, the neighboring routing device with the adjacency relationship, to maintain the bidirectional relationship between the neighbors.
  • the neighboring routing device does not receive the hello packet of the 2_way within the preset time, the neighbor relationship is considered to be interrupted.
  • the neighbor state of the neighboring routing device changes from the Full state to the Down state.
  • the standby system 600 implements the control of the takeover primary system according to the delivered configuration information, and the processor 630 of the standby system 600 transmits the first packet from the primary system to the hello message of the 2_way.
  • the sender 610 sends the second packet, which is also a 2_way hello packet, to the neighboring routing device, so that the neighbor state of the neighboring routing device that has the adjacency relationship with the dynamic routing device in the network is maintained in the full state.
  • the neighboring routing device maintains adjacency with the dynamic routing device of the present application, and the neighbor relationship between the primary system of the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device is successfully switched to the standby system 600.
  • the neighbor relationship of the dynamic routing device is set to the loading state.
  • the processor 630 of the standby system 600 causes the sender 610 to send an LSA identifier to the neighboring routing device, so that the neighboring routing device sends the corresponding LSA information to the processor 630 of the standby system 600 according to the LSA identifier to implement LSA information learning.
  • the processor 630 establishes an LSDB according to the LSA information returned by the neighboring routing device.
  • the neighbor relationship is repaired between the routing device and the neighboring routing device, and the neighbor relationship of the routing device is set to the Full state.
  • the processor 630 calculates the path of each destination network by using the SPF algorithm according to the LSA information returned by the neighboring routing device, and implements route update.
  • the standby system of the routing device further includes a receiver 650, configured to receive information about the neighbor routing device.
  • the processor 630 is also used to:
  • the route calculation is completed according to the LSDB, and the routing and topology information is updated.
  • the general neighbor establishment process is divided into adjacency relationship establishment, DR/BDR election, routing device discovery, routing device selection, and routing information maintenance.
  • the adjacency relationship is established and the DR/BDR election is directly synchronized according to the backed up information and sends a 2_way hello message, such as the content executed by the processor 630.
  • the process of discovering the routing device is also the LSDB synchronization process, which includes the DD interaction and the LSA learning.
  • the DD interaction is the LSA identity update synchronization process.
  • the current standby system 600 backs up the original primary LSA identity, that is, the DD interaction process is not required.
  • the processor 630 of the standby system 600 actively sends an LSR packet to the neighbor, that is, the neighboring routing device, according to the backed up LSA identifier, and changes the neighbor state to the loading state.
  • the neighbor relationship of the neighboring routing device is considered to be a normal LSA update process and the LSA update packet is replied normally after receiving the LSR packet.
  • the receiver 650 of the standby system 600 of the dynamic routing device receives the LSA update message of the neighboring routing device, and the processor 630 updates the local LSDB according to the LSA update message received by the receiver 650, and simultaneously causes the transmitter 610 to send the neighbor to the neighbor.
  • the routing device sends an LSACK packet to confirm that the LSA update process ends.
  • the LSDB of the dynamic routing device is re-established, and the neighbor relationship is repaired between the dynamic routing device and the neighboring routing device.
  • the processor 630 sets the neighbor relationship of the dynamic routing device to the Full state.
  • the processor 630 independently calculates the path to each destination network by using the SPF algorithm according to the content of the LSDB, and stores the path in the routing table to update the routing and topology information.
  • the processor 630 is further configured to: after learning the LSA information from the neighboring routing device according to the LSA identifier, and performing routing update according to the LSA information, determining that the standby system is used as a new primary system, and The primary system of the standby system backs up the control information, neighbor status, and LSA identifier of the dynamic routing device.
  • the topology is stable.
  • the standby system 600 has completely taken over the primary system as the new primary system, and the original primary system is used as the new standby system.
  • the processor 630 of the new primary system 700 backs up the dynamic route to the new standby system.
  • the neighbor status, LSA ID, and control information of the device, such as interface information, are consistent in real time.
  • the information backup is preferably a real-time backup, that is, if the configuration information is updated, the dynamic routing device is sent to the active/standby system in real time, or in real time. It is sent to the main system, and then the main system is backed up to the standby system in real time. If the neighbor status, LSA ID, or interface information changes, the primary system backs up to the standby system in real time.
  • the dynamic routing device can also adopt the method of timing backup, which is not limited herein.
  • the dynamic routing device of the present application is specifically an OSPF routing device, but is not limited to an OSPF routing device.
  • the present application is also applicable to other dynamic routing devices, such as BGP, LDP, and MPLS.
  • the present application further provides an implementation of a dynamic routing device, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 and the dynamic routing device of the above embodiment, including a primary system and a standby system.
  • the primary system is used to back up the control information, the neighbor status, and the LSA identifier of the standby system before the active/standby switchover.
  • the standby system is specifically as the above embodiment. The standby system described.
  • the standby system sends a second packet to the neighboring routing device before the timeout expires, so that the neighboring routing device maintains the adjacency relationship with the dynamic routing device. Interrupted.
  • the standby system learns the LSA information from the neighboring routing device based on the LSA identifier, so that the complete LSA information is obtained for routing update.
  • the adjacency relationship is restored and the network topology is consistent after the master/slave system is switched.
  • the semi-backup and semi-learning mode adopted in this embodiment does not require the change protocol support of the neighbor routing device in the active/standby switchover process, and only needs to back up a small amount of information to implement the route without interruption.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device implementations described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be used. Combinations can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • a computer readable storage medium A number of instructions are included to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or a processor to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read only memory (ROM, Read-Only) Memory, random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program code.

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Abstract

本申请公开了动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法及其装置。其中，所述方法包括：在主备切换之前，所述动态路由设备的备系统获取控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识；在进行主备切换时，所述备系统在距离动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述邻居状态向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态；所述备系统根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。通过上述方案，能够在主备切换时，实现路由不中断。

Description

动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法及其装置
【技术领域】
本申请涉及网络通信领域，特别是涉及动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法及其装置。
【背景技术】
现有动态路由设备的主备系统间不存在邻居状态和路由信息的备份。当动态路由设备发生故障而进行主备系统切换时，该动态路由设备的邻居路由设备由于感知到该动态路由设备发生故障而主动退出邻居关系，并删除所有通过邻居学习的路由信息。同时，该动态路由设备同样会与其邻居路由设备之间的邻居关系中断，且主系统中通过邻居学习到的路由信息被删除，由于备系统没有对邻居状态和路由信息的备份，导致在主备切换过程中动态路由设备的路由信息完全丢失。直到主备切换完成以后，该动态路由设备与其邻居路由设备重新协商建立邻居关系和，双方再分别进行路由学习重获路由信息。
因此，在主备切换过程中，动态路由设备与其邻居路由设备均会出现较长时间路由丢失，即路由中断，进而导致上下行业务因路由查找失败而中断。
【发明内容】
本申请提供动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法及其装置，能够在主备切换时，能够实现路由不中断。
本申请第一方面提供一种动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法，所述动态路由设备以主备系统的模式运行，包括：在主备切换之前，所述动态路由设备的备系统获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息；在进行主备切换时，所述备系统在距离所述动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述邻居状态向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间的邻接状态；所述备系统根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能实施方式中，所述备系统根据所述LSA标识信息向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新包括：所述备系统根据所述LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的连接状态更新LSU报文；所述备系统接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文，以提示LSA更新结束；所述备系统根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
结合第一方面的第一种可能实施方式，在第一方面的第二种可能实施方式中，所述备系统根据所述LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文包括：所述备系统根据所述LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁为信息加载状态；所述备系统接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文包括：所述备系统接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送LSACK报文，并将所述邻居状态变迁为完全邻接状态。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一或第二种可能实施方式，在第一方面的第三种可能实施方式中，所述动态路由设备的备系统获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告LSA标识包括：所述动态路由设备的备系统获取主系统实时备份的控制信息、邻居状态、LSA标识。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一至第三任一种可能实施方式，在第一方面的第四种可能实施方式中，所述备系统根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新之后还包括：所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一至第四任一种可能实施方式，在第一方面的第五种可能实施方式中，还包括：当主系统出现故障或者主系统进行升级时，执行主备切换。
本申请第二方面提供一种动态路由设备的备系统，所述动态路由设备以主备系统的模式运行，所述动态路由设备的备系统包括接收模块、发送模块和处理模块，所述接收模块用于在主备切换之前，获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息；所述发送模块用于在进行主备切换时，所述备系统在距离所述动态路由设备主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述接收模块获取的邻居状态向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的邻接状态；所述处理模块用于根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能实施方式中，所述处理模块用于根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新具体为：根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的连接状态更新LSU报文；接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文，以提示LSA更新结束；根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
结合第二方面的第一种可能实施方式，在第二方面的第二种可能实施方式中，处理模块用于根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文更具体为：根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁为信息加载状态；接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送LSACK报文，并将所述邻居状态变迁为完全邻接状态。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一或第二种可能实施方式，在第二方面的第三种可能实施方式中，所述接收模块具体用于获取主系统实时备份的控制信息、邻居状态、LSA标识。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一至第三任一种可能实施方式，在第二方面的第四种可能实施方式中，所述处理模块还用于在根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新之后，确定所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一至第四任一种可能实施方式，在第二方面的第五种可能实施方式中，当主系统出现故障或者主系统进行升级时，备系统执行主备切换。
本申请第三方面提供一种动态路由设备的备系统，所述动态路由设备以主备系统的模式运行，所述动态路由设备的备系统包括处理器和发送器，所述发送器用于向与所述动态路由设备具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备发送信息；所述处理器用于：在主备切换之前，获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息；在进行主备切换时，在距离所述动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述邻居状态使所述发送器向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的邻接状态；根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的第一种可能实施方式中，还包括接收器，用于接收所述邻居路由设备的信息；所述处理器还用于根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新具体为：根据所述LSA标识，使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的连接状态更新LSU报文；根据所述接收器接收到的所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文，以提示LSA更新结束；根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
结合第三方面的第一种可能实施方式，在第三方面的第二种可能实施方式中，所述处理器用于根据所述LSA标识，使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，根据所述接收器接收到的LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文更具体为：根据所述LSA标识，使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁为信息加载状态；根据所述接收器接收到的所述LSU报文建立LSDB，并使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送LSACK报文，并将所述邻居状态变迁为完全邻接状态。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一或第二种可能实施方式，在第三方面的第三种可能实施方式中，所述处理器还用于获取主系统实时备份的控制信息、邻居状态、LSA标识。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一至第三任一种可能实施方式，在第三方面的第四种可能实施方式中，所述处理器还用于在根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新之后，确定所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一至第四任一种可能实施方式，在第三方面的第五种可能实施方式中，当主系统出现故障或者主系统进行升级时，备系统执行主备切换。
本申请第四方面提供一种动态路由设备，包括主系统和备系统，其中，所述主系统用于在主备切换之前，给所述备系统备份控制信息、邻居状态以及连接状态宣告LSA标识；所述备系统为如上面所述的备系统。
上述方案动态路由设备在主备切换时，备系统先主动发送第二报文，以使邻居路由设备与该动态路由设备维持邻接关系，即实现了邻居路由设备与该动态路由设备间的邻居关系不中断，同时动态路由设备在主备切换前给备系统备份LSA标识，相对于LSA信息， LSA标识的信息量小，且在主备切换时该动态路由设备的备系统根据备份的LSA标识向邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，从而获得完整的LSA信息以进行路由更新，实现了主备系统切换时对邻接关系的快速修复，而避免了路由中断的情况，且通过上述半备份半学习的方式，动态路由设备只备份少量信息即可实现路由不中断。
【附图说明】
图1是本申请动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法一实施方式的流程图；
图2是执行图1所示方法的动态路由设备在主备切换前所在网络的部分结构示意图；
图3是执行图1所示方法的动态路由设备在主备切换后所在网络的部分结构示意图；
图4是本申请动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法另一实施方式的流程图；
图5是本申请动态路由设备的备系统一实施方式的结构示意图；
图6是本申请动态路由设备的备系统另一实施方式的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
以下描述中，为了说明而不是为了限定，提出了诸如特定系统结构、接口、技术之类的具体细节，以便透彻理解本申请。然而，本领域的技术人员应当清楚，在没有这些具体细节的其它实施方式中也可以实现本申请。在其它情况中，省略对众所周知的装置、电路以及方法的详细说明，以免不必要的细节妨碍本申请的描述。
参阅图1至图3，图1是本申请动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法一实施方式的流程图，图2是执行图1所示方法的动态路由设备在主备切换前所在网络的部分结构示意图，图3是执行图1所示方法的动态路由设备在主备切换后所在网络的部分结构示意图。
本实施方式中，所述方法由动态路由设备110执行，在动态路由设备110所在的网络中，动态路由设备110与至少一个邻居路由设备220建立邻接关系。其中，该动态路由设备110以主备系统的模式运行，即动态路由设备110包括主系统111和备系统112，该主备系统为动态路由设备110的两个可互为备用的控制系统，例如为两个控制主板，以便于在主系统111发生故障或者主系统111升级等情况时，备系统112接管主系统111。该方法包括：
101：在主备切换之前，所述动态路由设备的备系统获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告（英文：Link-State Advertisement，简称：LSA）标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息。
本申请中动态路由设备即为能够自动地建立自己的路由表，并且能够根据实际情况的变化适时地进行调整路由信息的路由设备。例如，在主备切换之前，动态路由设备的主系统检测到新增邻居路由设备时，与该新增邻居路由设备进行协商邻接，并自动生成该新增邻居路由设备的邻居关系、相应的LSA信息。
具体，控制信息可包括配置信息、接口信息、邻居路由设备的IP地址等信息，动态路由设备110的备系统112根据配置信息实现动态路由设备的基础配置，备系统112根据接口信息、邻居路由设备的IP地址等信息实现与邻居路由设备协商建立或维持邻接。
例如，在发生主备切换之前，用户通过人机界面输入动态路由设备110的配置信息，或者动态路由设备110直接获取预存在本地的配置信息，并进行下发，动态路由设备110的主系统111和备系统112均接收该下发的配置信息，以保证动态路由设备110能够根据配置信息进行配置。并且，动态路由设备110的主系统111将当前的邻居状态、LSA标识以及其他控制信息如接口信息等备份到备系统112中。或者，主系统111先接收下发的配置信息，将该配置信息与其他备份信息一并备份到备系统112中。其中，LSA标识为能够识别所述LSA信息的数据，例如LSA信息的ID或名称等，主系统111从动态路由设备110的当前LSA信息中获取其ID或名称作为该LSA信息的LSA标识。邻居状态包括当前网络拓扑中所有与所述动态路由设备110当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备120的标识信息如ID等。
102：在进行主备切换时，所述备系统在距离动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述邻居状态向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间的邻接状态。
在主系统111正常运行时，主系统111与邻居路由设备120建立邻居关系，并进行信息交互。如果主系统111发生故障或者进行升级，则执行主备切换，此时，备系统112的控制面需要立即接管主系统111的控制面信息，且主系统111与邻居路由设备120的邻居关系也需切换到备系统112上。
具体，本实施方式以动态路由设备110为开放式最短路径优先（英文：Open Shortest Path First，简称：OSPF）路由设备为例：根据OSPL协议，路由设备的邻居状态包括三种：1、完全邻接状态，下文也称为Full状态，即发现邻居关系且邻居间已进行LSA信息的交互；2、信息加载状态，下文也称为Loading状态，即发现邻居并正在进行LSA信息的交互；3、初始状态，下文也称为Down状态，即未发现邻居。在正常运行时，动态路由设备110的主系统111会定时向邻居路由设备即具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备120发送2_way的hello报文，以维持邻居间的双向关系。当邻居路由设备120在预设时间内没有收到2_way的hello报文，则认为邻接关系中断，邻居路由设备120的邻居状态由Full状态变为Down状态。在进行主备切换时，备系统112根据获取控制信息实现接管主系统111对动态路由设备110进行控制，并且在距离主系统111上次发送第一报文即为2_way的hello报文的预设时间内，主动向所有邻居路由设备120发送第二报文即也为2_way的hello报文，以使网络中与动态路由设备110具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备120的邻居状态维持为Full状态，即邻居路由设备120与动态路由设备110间维持邻接状态，动态路由设备110的主系统111与邻居路由设备120间的邻居关系成功切换到备系统112上。
可以理解的是，第一、第二报文可根据动态路由设备与邻居路由设备间的协议而具体设定，一般，第一、第二报文为相同类型的报文，如上例，动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间通过Hello报文维持邻接关系，即第一、第二报文均为Hello报文。
103：所述备系统根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
例如，由于此时备系统112只有LSA标识，并未有具体的LSA信息，故动态路由设备110的邻居关系设为Loading状态。备系统112向邻居路由设备120发送LSA标识，以使邻居路由设备120根据该LSA标识向备系统112发送对应的LSA信息，实现LSA信息的学习。备系统112根据邻居路由设备120返回的LSA信息建立连接状态数据库（英文：Link State Data Base，简称：LSDB），此时，动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间完成邻居关系修复，动态路由设备110的邻居关系设为Full状态。并且，备系统112根据邻居路由设备120返回的LSA信息，采用SPF算法计算出每个目的网络的路径，实现路由更新。
请参阅图4，图4是本申请动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法另一实施方式的流程图。本实施方式中，所述方法由如上面实施方式所述的动态路由设备执行。该方法包括：
401：在主备切换之前，所述动态路由设备的备系统获取控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息。
402：在进行主备切换时，所述备系统在距离主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述邻居状态向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间的邻接状态。
上述401、402具体方式对应如上面实施方式中的101、102，故在此不再赘述。
403：备系统根据所述LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求（英文：Link State Request，简称：LSR）报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的连接状态更新（英文：Link State Update，简称：LSU）报文。
继续以OSPL路由设备为例。一般的邻居建立过程分邻接关系建立、指定路由设备（英文：Designated Router，简称：DR）/备份指定路由设备（英文：Backup Designated Router，简称：BDR）选举、路由设备发现、路由设备选择和路由信息维护几个过程。本方案中邻接关系建立和DR/BDR选举直接根据备份的信息同步并发送2_way的hello报文，如上面201、202中描述。路由设备发现的过程也是LSDB同步过程，其中包括链路数据描述（英文：Data Description，简称：DD）交互和LSA学习，DD交互即LSA标识更新同步过程，当前备系统备份了原主的LSA标识，即不需要DD交互过程。所以此时只需要根据LSA标识向邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，形成自己的独立的完整的LSDB。所以此时备系统根据备份的LSA标识主动向邻居即邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁到Loading状态。
404：所述备系统接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认（英文：Link State Acknowledment，简称：LSACK）报文，以提示LSA更新结束。
邻居路由设备的邻居关系由于一直处在Full状态，在收到LSR报文后会认为是正常的LSA更新过程，并正常回复LSA更新报文。动态路由设备的备系统收到邻居路由设备的LSA更新报文，并更新本端的LSDB，并同时会回复LSACK报文，确认本次的LSA更新过程结束。当所有的LSA信息学习完成后，动态路由设备的LSDB重建完成，动态路由设备、邻居路由设备之间完成邻居关系修复。此时，动态路由设备的邻居关系设为Full状态。
405：所述备系统根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
当动态路由设备重建完整独立的LSDB后，备系统依据LSDB的内容，独立地用SPF算法计算出到每一个目的网络的路径，并将路径存入路由表中，实现更新路由和拓扑信息。
406：所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识。
在完成路由更新后，拓扑已经稳定，此时备系统已经完全接管主系统为新主系统，原主系统则作为新备系统，新主系统向新备系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的邻居状态、LSA标识及控制信息如接口信息，并保持实时一致。
可以理解的是，以保证主备系统切换后网络拓扑不会发生变化，上述信息备份优选为实时备份，即如果配置信息有所更新，动态路由设备则实时下发给主备系统，或者实时下发给主系统，再由主系统实时备份到备系统。如果邻居状态、LSA标识或接口信息发生变化，则主系统实时备份到备系统中。当然，在其他链路及接口信息比较稳定的动态路由设备中，动态路由设备也可采用定时备份的方式，在此不作限定。
并且，本申请动态路由设备具体以OSPF路由设备为例但不限于为OSPF路由设备，本申请同样适用于其他路由协议类似的路由设备，如边界网关协议（英文：Border Gateway Protocol，简称BGP）、标签分发协议（英文：Label Distribution Protocol，简称：LDP）、多协议标签交换（英文：Multi-Protocol Label Switching，简称：MPLS）等。
本实施方式通过在主备切换前仅对部分信息进行备份，并特别采用未完全备份LSA信息而仅备份LSA标识的方式，以减少备份信息量，减低对备系统资源的要求。同时，在进行主备切换时，备系统在定时超时前向邻居路由设备发送第二报文，以保证邻居路由设备与动态路由设备维持邻接关系，实现了在主备切换过程中邻居关系的不中断。同时，备系统根据LSA标识向邻居路由设备学习到LSA信息，从而获得完整的LSA信息以进行路由更新，实现了主备系统切换时对邻接关系的修复及保证主备系统切换后网络拓扑的一致。本实施方式采用的上述半备份半学习的方式，在主备切换过程无需邻居路由设备的更改协议，只备份少量信息即可实现了路由不中断。
请参阅图5，图5是本申请动态路由设备的备系统一实施方式的结构示意图。本申请的动态路由设备即如上面实施方式中的动态路由设备。在动态路由设备所在的网络中，动态路由设备与至少一个邻居路由设备建立邻接关系（如图2、3所示）。并且，该动态路由设备以主备系统的模式运行，即动态路由设备包括主系统和备系统，该主备系统为动态路由设备的两个可互为备用的控制系统，例如为两个控制主板，以便于在主系统发生故障或者主系统升级等情况时，备系统接管主系统。本实施方式中，动态路由设备的备系统500包括接收模块510、发送模块520和处理模块530。
接收模块510用于在主备切换之前，获取控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息。
具体，控制信息可包括配置信息、接口信息、邻居路由设备即邻居路由设备的IP地址等信息，动态路由设备的备系统500根据配置信息实现该动态路由设备的基础配置，备系统500根据接口信息、邻居路由设备的IP地址等信息实现与邻居路由设备协商建立或维持邻接。
例如，在发生主备切换之前，用户通过人机界面输入动态路由设备的配置信息，或者动态路由设备直接获取预存在本地的配置信息，并进行下发，动态路由设备的主系统和备系统500均接收该下发的配置信息，以保证动态路由设备能够根据配置信息进行配置，并且，动态路由设备的主系统将邻居状态、LSA标识以及其他控制信息如接口信息备份到备系统500中。或者，主系统先接收下发的配置信息，将该配置信息与其他备份信息一并备份到备系统500中。其中，LSA标识即为用于区别不同LSA信息的数据，例如LSA信息的ID或名称等。邻居状态包括当前网络拓扑中所有与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息如ID等。
发送模块520用于在进行主备切换时，所述备系统500在距离动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述接收模块510获取的邻居状态向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的邻接状态。
在主系统正常运行时，主系统与邻居路由设备建立邻居关系，并进行信息交互。如果主系统发生故障或者进行升级，则执行主备切换，此时，备系统的控制面需要立即接管主系统的控制面信息，且主系统与邻居路由设备的邻居关系也需切换到备系统上。
具体，本实施方式以动态路由设备为动态OSPF路由设备为例：根据OSPL协议，动态路由设备的邻居状态包括三种：1、Full状态，即发现邻居关系且邻居间已进行LSA信息的交互；2、Loading状态，即发现邻居并正在进行LSA信息的交互；3、Down状态，即未发现邻居。在正常运行时，动态路由设备的主系统会定时向邻居路由设备即具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备发送2_way的hello报文，以维持邻居间的双向关系。当邻居路由设备在预设时间内没有收到2_way的hello报文，则认为邻接关系中断，邻居路由设备的邻居状态由Full状态变为Down状态。在进行主备切换时，备系统500根据下发的配置信息实现接管主系统进行控制，并且备系统500的发送模块520在距离主系统上次发送第一报文即为2_way的hello报文的预设时间内，主动向所有邻居路由设备发送第二报文即也为2_way的hello报文，以使网络中与动态路由设备具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的邻居状态维持为Full状态，即邻居路由设备与本申请动态路由设备间维持邻接状态，动态路由设备的主系统与邻居路由设备间的邻居关系成功切换到备系统500上。
处理模块530用于根据所述接收模块510获取的LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
例如，由于此时备系统500只有LSA标识，并未有具体的LSA信息，故该动态路由设备的邻居关系设为Loading状态。备系统500的处理模块530向邻居路由设备发送LSA标识，以使邻居路由设备根据该LSA标识向备系统500的处理模块530发送对应的LSA信息，实现LSA信息的学习。备系统500的处理模块530根据邻居路由设备返回的LSA信息建立LSDB，此时，动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间完成邻居关系修复，动态路由设备的邻居关系设为Full状态。并且，备系统500的处理模块530根据邻居路由设备返回的LSA信息，采用SPF算法计算出每个目的网络的路径，实现路由更新。
在本申请动态路由设备的备系统另一实施方式中，处理模块还具体用于： 根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的连接状态更新LSU报文；接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文，以提示LSA更新结束；根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
继续以OSPL路由设备为例。一般的邻居建立过程分邻接关系建立、DR/BDR选举、路由设备发现、路由设备选择和路由信息维护几个过程。本方案中邻接关系建立和DR/BDR选举直接根据备份的信息同步并发送2_way的hello报文，如接收模块和发送模块上述所执行内容。路由设备发现的过程也是LSDB同步过程，其中包括DD交互和LSA学习，DD交互即LSA标识更新同步过程，当前备系统备份了原主的LSA标识，即不需要DD交互过程。所以此时只需要根据LSA标识向邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，形成自己的独立的完整的LSDB。所以此时备系统的处理模块根据备份的LSA标识主动向邻居即邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁到Loading状态。
邻居路由设备的邻居关系由于一直处在Full状态，在收到LSR报文后会认为是正常的LSA更新过程，并正常回复LSA更新报文。动态路由设备的备系统的处理模块接收到邻居路由设备的LSA更新报文，并更新本端的LSDB，并同时会回复LSACK报文，确认本次的LSA更新过程结束。当所有的LSA信息学习完成后，动态路由设备的LSDB重建完成，动态路由设备、邻居路由设备之间完成邻居关系修复。此时，处理模块将动态路由设备的邻居关系设为Full状态。
当动态路由设备重建完整独立的LSDB后，备系统的处理模块依据LSDB的内容，独立地用SPF算法计算出到每一个目的网络的路径，并将路径存入路由表中，实现更新路由和拓扑信息。
优化地，本申请动态路由设备的备系统的处理模块还可用于在根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新之后，确定所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识。
例如，在完成路由更新后，拓扑已经稳定，此时备系统已经完全接管主系统为新主系统，原主系统则作为新备系统，新主系统的处理模块向新备系统备份所述动态路由设备的邻居状态、LSA标识及控制信息如接口信息，并保持实时一致。
可以理解的是，以保证主备系统切换后网络拓扑不会发生变化，上述信息备份优选为实时备份，即如果配置信息有所更新，该动态路由设备则实时下发给主备系统，或者实时下发给主系统，再由主系统实时备份到备系统。如果邻居状态、LSA标识或接口信息发生变化，则主系统实时备份到备系统中。当然，在其他链路及接口信息比较稳定的动态路由设备中，该动态路由设备也可采用定时备份的方式，在此不作限定。
并且，本申请动态路由设备具体以OSPF路由设备为例但不限于为OSPF路由设备，本申请同样适用于其他路由协议类似的动态路由设备，如BGP、LDP、MPLS等。
请参阅图6，图6是本申请动态路由设备的备系统再一实施方式的结构示意图。本实施方式的动态路由设备如上面实施方式中的动态路由设备。在动态路由设备所在的网络中，动态路由设备与至少一个邻居路由设备建立邻接关系（如图2、3所示）。并且，该动态路由设备以主备系统的模式运行，即动态路由设备包括主系统和备系统，该主备系统为动态路由设备的两个可互为备用的控制系统，例如为两个控制主板，以便于在主系统发生故障或者主系统升级等情况时，备系统接管主系统。本实施方式中，动态路由设备的备系统600包括发送器610、存储介质620、处理器630及总线640。发送器610、存储介质620、处理器630通过总线640连接。
发送器610用于向与所述动态路由设备具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备发送信息。
存储介质620用于存储处理器630执行的计算机指令以及处理器630工作时所需存储的数据。
处理器630用于：
在主备切换之前，获取控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息；
在进行主备切换时，在距离动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述邻居状态使所述发送器610向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的邻接状态；
根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
具体，控制信息可包括配置信息、接口信息、邻居路由设备即邻居路由设备的IP地址等信息，动态路由设备的备系统600根据配置信息实现该动态路由设备的基础配置，备系统600根据接口信息、邻居路由设备的IP地址等信息实现与邻居路由设备协商建立或维持邻接。
例如，在发生主备切换之前，用户通过人机界面输入动态路由设备的配置信息，或者动态路由设备直接获取预存在本地的配置信息，并进行下发，动态路由设备的主系统和备系统600均接收该下发的配置信息，以保证动态路由设备能够根据配置信息进行配置，并且，动态路由设备的主系统将邻居状态、LSA标识以及其他控制信息如接口信息备份到备系统600中。或者，主系统先接收下发的配置信息，将该配置信息与其他备份信息一并备份到备系统600中。其中，LSA标识即为用于区别不同LSA信息的数据，例如LSA信息的ID或名称等。邻居状态包括当前网络拓扑中所有与所述路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息如ID等。
在主系统正常运行时，主系统与邻居路由设备建立邻居关系，并进行信息交互。如果主系统发生故障或者进行升级，则执行主备切换，此时，备系统的控制面需要立即接管主系统的控制面信息，且主系统与邻居路由设备的邻居关系也需切换到备系统上。
具体，本实施方式以动态路由设备为动态OSPF路由设备为例：根据OSPL协议，动态路由设备的邻居状态包括三种：1、Full状态，即发现邻居关系且邻居间已进行LSA信息的交互；2、Loading状态，即发现邻居并正在进行LSA信息的交互；3、Down状态，即未发现邻居。在正常运行时，动态路由设备的主系统会定时向邻居路由设备即具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备发送2_way的hello报文，以维持邻居间的双向关系。当邻居路由设备在预设时间内没有收到2_way的hello报文，则认为邻接关系中断，邻居路由设备的邻居状态由Full状态变为Down状态。在进行主备切换时，备系统600根据下发的配置信息实现接管主系统进行控制，并且备系统600的处理器630在距离主系统上次发送第一报文即为2_way的hello报文的预设时间内，使发送器610向所有邻居路由设备发送第二报文即也为2_way的hello报文，以使网络中与动态路由设备具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的邻居状态维持为Full状态，即邻居路由设备与本申请动态路由设备间维持邻接状态，动态路由设备的主系统与邻居路由设备间的邻居关系成功切换到备系统600上。
由于此时备系统600只有LSA标识，并未有具体的LSA信息，故动态路由设备的邻居关系设为Loading状态。备系统600的处理器630使发送器610向邻居路由设备发送LSA标识，以使邻居路由设备根据该LSA标识向备系统600的处理器630发送对应的LSA信息，实现LSA信息的学习。处理器630根据邻居路由设备返回的LSA信息建立LSDB，此时，路由设备、邻居路由设备间完成邻居关系修复，路由设备的邻居关系设为Full状态。并且，处理器630根据邻居路由设备返回的LSA信息，采用SPF算法计算出每个目的网络的路径，实现路由更新。
可选地，路由设备的备系统还包括接收器650，用于接收所述邻居路由设备的信息。
处理器630还用于：
根据所述LSA标识，使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的LSU报文；
根据所述接收器接收到的所述LSU报文建立LSDB，并使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送LSACK报文，以提示LSA更新结束；
根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
继续以OSPL路由设备为例。一般的邻居建立过程分邻接关系建立、DR/BDR选举、路由设备发现、路由设备选择和路由信息维护几个过程。本方案中邻接关系建立和DR/BDR选举直接根据备份的信息同步并发送2_way的hello报文，如处理器630之前所执行内容。路由设备发现的过程也是LSDB同步过程，其中包括DD交互和LSA学习，DD交互即LSA标识更新同步过程，当前备系统600备份了原主的LSA标识，即不需要DD交互过程。所以此时只需要根据LSA标识向邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，形成自己的独立的完整的LSDB。所以此时备系统600的处理器630根据备份的LSA标识主动向邻居即邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁到Loading状态。
邻居路由设备的邻居关系由于一直处在Full状态，在收到LSR报文后会认为是正常的LSA更新过程，并正常回复LSA更新报文。动态路由设备的备系统600的接收器650接收到邻居路由设备的LSA更新报文，处理器630根据接收器650接收到的LSA更新报文来更新本端的LSDB，并同时使发送器610向邻居路由设备发送LSACK报文，确认本次的LSA更新过程结束。当所有的LSA信息学习完成后，动态路由设备的LSDB重建完成，动态路由设备、邻居路由设备之间完成邻居关系修复。此时，处理器630将动态路由设备的邻居关系设为Full状态。
当动态路由设备重建完整独立的LSDB后，处理器630依据LSDB的内容，独立地用SPF算法计算出到每一个目的网络的路径，并将路径存入路由表中，实现更新路由和拓扑信息。
可选地，处理器630还用于在根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新之后，确定所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识
在完成路由更新后，拓扑已经稳定，此时备系统600已经完全接管主系统为新主系统，原主系统则作为新备系统，新主系统700的处理器630向新备系统备份所述动态路由设备的邻居状态、LSA标识及控制信息如接口信息，并保持实时一致。
可以理解的是，以保证主备系统切换后网络拓扑不会发生变化，上述信息备份优选为实时备份，即如果配置信息有所更新，该动态路由设备则实时下发给主备系，或者实时下发给主系统，再由主系统实时备份到备系统统。如果邻居状态、LSA标识或接口信息发生变化，则主系统实时备份到备系统中。当然，在其他链路及接口信息比较稳定的路由设备中，动态路由设备也可采用定时备份的方式，在此不作限定。
并且，本申请动态路由设备具体以OSPF路由设备为例但不限于为OSPF路由设备，本申请同样适用于其他路由协议类似的动态路由设备，如BGP、LDP、MPLS等。
本申请还提供一种动态路由设备的实施方式，该动态路由设备如图2、3所示及上面实施方式的动态路由设备，包括主系统和备系统。其中，所述主系统用于在主备切换之前，给所述备系统备份的控制信息、邻居状态以及LSA标识，具体如上面实施方式中所述的主系统，备系统具体为如上面实施方式所述的备系统。
上述方案通过在主备切换前仅对部分信息进行备份，并特别采用未完全备份LSA信息而仅备份LSA标识的方式，以减少备份信息量，减低对备系统资源的要求。同时，在进行主备切换时，备系统在定时超时前向邻居路由设备发送第二报文，以保证邻居路由设备与动态路由设备维持邻接关系，实现了在主备切换过程中邻居关系的不中断。同时，备系统根据LSA标识向邻居路由设备学习到LSA信息，从而获得完整的LSA信息以进行路由更新，实现了主备系统切换时对邻接关系的修复及保证主备系统切换后网络拓扑的一致。本实施方式采用的上述半备份半学习的方式，在主备切换过程无需邻居路由设备的更改协议支持，仅需备份少量信息即可实现了路由不中断。
在本申请所提供的几个实施方式中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统，装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施方式仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施方式方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施方式中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备（可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等）或处理器（processor）执行本申请各个实施方式所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器（ROM，Read-Only Memory）、随机存取存储器（RAM，Random Access Memory）、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种动态路由设备的主备系统切换的方法，其特征在于，所述动态路由设备以主备系统的模式运行，包括：
    在主备切换之前，所述动态路由设备的备系统获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息；
    在进行主备切换时，所述备系统在距离所述动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述邻居状态向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持动态路由设备、邻居路由设备间的邻接状态；
    所述备系统根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述备系统根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新包括：
    所述备系统根据所述LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的连接状态更新LSU报文；
    所述备系统接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文，以提示LSA更新结束；
    所述备系统根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述备系统根据所述LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文包括：
    所述备系统根据所述LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁为信息加载状态；
    所述备系统接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文包括：
    所述备系统接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送LSACK报文，并将所述邻居状态变迁为完全邻接状态。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述动态路由设备的备系统获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告LSA标识包括：
    所述动态路由设备的备系统获取主系统实时备份的控制信息、邻居状态、LSA标识。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述备系统根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新之后还包括：
    所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    当主系统出现故障或者主系统进行升级时，执行主备切换。
  7. 一种动态路由设备的备系统，其特征在于，所述动态路由设备以主备系统的模式运行，所述动态路由设备的备系统包括接收模块、发送模块和处理模块，
    所述接收模块用于在主备切换之前，获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息；
    所述发送模块用于在进行主备切换时，所述备系统在距离所述动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述接收模块获取的邻居状态向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的邻接状态；
    所述处理模块用于根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的备系统，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块用于根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新具体为：
    根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的连接状态更新LSU报文；
    接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文，以提示LSA更新结束；
    根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的备系统，其特征在于，所述处理模块用于根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文更具体为：
    根据所述接收模块获取的LSA标识，向所述邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁为信息加载状态；
    接收所述LSU报文，根据所述LSU报文建立LSDB，并向所述邻居路由设备发送LSACK报文，并将所述邻居状态变迁为完全邻接状态。
  10. 根据权利要求7至9任一项所述的备系统，其特征在于，所述接收模块具体用于获取主系统实时备份的控制信息、邻居状态、LSA标识。
  11. 根据权利要求7至10任一项所述的备系统，其特征在于，
    所述处理模块还用于在根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新之后，确定所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识。
  12. 根据权利要求7至11任一项所述的备系统，其特征在于，当主系统出现故障或者主系统进行升级时，备系统执行主备切换。
  13. 一种动态路由设备的备系统，其特征在于，所述动态路由设备以主备系统的模式运行，所述动态路由设备的备系统包括处理器和发送器，
    所述发送器用于向与所述动态路由设备具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备发送信息；
    所述处理器用于：
    在主备切换之前，获取控制信息、邻居状态及连接状态宣告LSA标识，其中，所述邻居状态包括至少一个与所述动态路由设备当前具有邻接关系的邻居路由设备的标识信息，所述控制信息用于所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的协商邻接，所述LSA标识用于识别LSA信息；
    在进行主备切换时，在距离所述动态路由设备的主系统上次发送第一报文的预设时间内，根据所述邻居状态使所述发送器向所有所述邻居路由设备主动发送第二报文，以使所述邻居路由设备与所述动态路由设备维持邻接状态，其中，所述第一报文、第二报文均用于维持所述动态路由设备和邻居路由设备间的邻接状态；
    根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的备系统，其特征在于，还包括接收器，用于接收所述邻居路由设备的信息；
    所述处理器用于根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新具体为：
    根据所述LSA标识，使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，以使所述邻居路由设备回复与所述LSA标识对应的连接状态更新LSU报文；
    根据所述接收器接收到的所述LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文，以提示LSA更新结束；
    根据所述LSDB完成路由计算，更新路由和拓扑信息。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的备系统，其特征在于，所述处理器用于根据所述LSA标识，使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态请求LSR报文，根据所述接收器接收到的LSU报文建立连接状态数据库LSDB，并使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送连接状态确认LSACK报文更具体为：
    根据所述LSA标识，使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送LSR报文，并将邻居状态变迁为信息加载状态；
    根据所述接收器接收到的所述LSU报文建立LSDB，并使发送器向所述邻居路由设备发送LSACK报文，并将所述邻居状态变迁为完全邻接状态。
  16. 根据权利要求13至15任一项所述的备系统，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于获取主系统实时备份的控制信息、邻居状态、LSA标识。
  17. 根据权利要求13至16任一项所述的备系统，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于在根据所述LSA标识向所述邻居路由设备学习LSA信息，并根据所述LSA信息进行路由更新之后，确定所述备系统作为新主系统，给作为新备系统的主系统备份目前所述动态路由设备的控制信息、邻居状态及LSA标识。
  18. 根据权利要求13至17任一项所述的备系统，其特征在于，当主系统出现故障或者主系统进行升级时，备系统执行主备切换。
  19. 一种动态路由设备，其特征在于，包括主系统和备系统，其中，
    所述主系统用于在主备切换之前，给所述备系统备份控制信息、邻居状态以及连接状态宣告LSA标识；
    所述备系统为如上面权利要求7至18任一项所述的备系统。
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