WO2015197988A1

WO2015197988A1 - Device for spreading a bituminous coating from a film of determined width of the coating, and method for implementing same

Info

Publication number: WO2015197988A1
Application number: PCT/FR2015/051722
Authority: WO
Inventors: André Clarac
Original assignee: Colas
Priority date: 2014-06-26
Filing date: 2015-06-25
Publication date: 2015-12-30
Also published as: FR3022922A1; AU2015279002A1; HRP20170300T1; PL2960372T3; HUE031779T2; MY189996A; KR20170040129A; SI2960372T1; AU2015279002B2; CA2952917A1; FR3022922B1; CN106471190A; CN106471190B; US20170138000A1; EP2960372B1; EP2960372A1; MA38776A; MA38776B1

Abstract

Device for spreading a bituminous coating from a film of determined width of the coating comprising means for moving along the ground in a longitudinal direction of forward travel (32) and spreading means supplied with bituminous coating by feed means and designed to spread, as the device moves along, the layer of bituminous coating over a determined width of said ground considered transversely to the direction of forward travel. The spreading means are designed to roll and crush the bituminous coating and cause it to fall to the ground.

Description

Device for spreading a bituminous mix from a film of a certain thickness of the bituminous mix, method of implementation

The present invention relates to a device for spreading a bituminous mix in thin layer, called film, and a method of implementation of this device. It has applications in the field of public works and particularly the construction of traffic lanes or, particularly advantageously, their maintenance or renovation.

An asphalt (or bituminous mix) is a mixture of gravel or gravel, sand and hydrocarbon binder (commonly called bitumen) applied in one or more layers to form the pavement of roads. Conventionally, the deposition of a layer of asphalt can be carried out according to different modalities. Hot mixes with a temperature above 130 ° C., warm mixes with a temperature of between 100 ° C. and 130 ° C., semi-finished mixes with a temperature of between 85 ° C. and 100 ° C., dense asphalt mixtures with cold, cold open enroute or serious-emulsion which are all within the meaning of this document "coated".

Currently, the deposition of a layer of asphalt is carried out by adjusting the layer directly on the support which is generally the soil or a sub-layer of asphalt. Adjustment is performed using either a finisher table or quick-action finisher (FIR) table, or a blade of the grader blade type. These means of implementation are dependent on the quality of the medium that must receive said layer. This quality of support is characterized by the presence more or less pronounced longitudinal deformations, transverse deformations, flak, by the different textures of surface, support smooth, very rough, greasy, lean, etc. These heterogeneities do not allow a good control of the dosage nor a proper smoothing of the deposited coating to form the layer and this is all the more impacting that the deformations are important or that the thicknesses of implementation are low, especially when the layer thickness is less than 3 cm.

The traditional methods of spreading bituminous mixes on the ground use self-propelled machines, called pavers, which comprise, at the rear with respect to their direction of travel, a means of deposition and distribution in width, transversely, on the ground of the bituminous mix followed, further back, by a smoothing table intended to realize an equalized surface layer. Vibrating means for facilitating distribution and tamping the layer are also implemented. Optionally, a spray boom on the ground of a layer of attachment and / or sealing can be implemented ahead of the deposition of the bituminous mix on the ground. A tank of bituminous mix is installed at the front of the machine and this tank can be fed continuously, "in the ass" of the truck including asphalt tipping trailer flows into the tank. A conveying line is used to route the bituminous mix from the tank, to the front, towards the rear of the machine where it is deposited on the ground. The machine comprises tracks for its movement on the ground, or tires, and means for controlling its movements and its various organs. In particular, control means allow a certain automation and regulation of the realization of the asphalt layer.

With this method, the bituminous mix is directly deposited on the ground and is then leveled to form a layer of a certain width and thickness. The height of the layer, and therefore its thickness, depend on the position in height, the angle of attack, the smoothing table. The latter is integral with the self-propelled machine and therefore follows the movements of the machine in its movement and in particular, inadvertent movements due to deformations of the ground surface. These untimely movements can be more or less important depending on the deformations of the ground on which the machine moves, movements that can even be amplified depending on the lever arm between the machine and the smoothing table. In order to limit the irregularities of the surface of the layer that would result, it is possible to implement means for correcting these inadvertent movements due to deformation of the ground. However, since the smoothing table is a rigid bar, it is not possible to correct all the effects of these untimely movements.

Another disadvantage of this method lies in the fact that a thin layer can not be obtained because if the smoothing table is lowered too much, the distribution of the asphalt on the soil may be degraded, for example with a risk of deterioration. tearing of the bituminous mix, or in the event of deformation of the ground under the machine or under the leveling blade, of friction of the leveling blade on the ground.

Finally, with this method, the amount of bituminous mix in the layer at any point on the ground can not be precisely controlled. Indeed, if there is a hollow in the ground, the bituminous mix fills it up to the level of the surface of the layer which is in practice at the same absolute height as all around the hollow and there will therefore be more bituminous asphalt vertical to such a hollow as elsewhere. It will be the opposite at the level of a bump of the ground with less bituminous mix, without counting the risk that the smoothing table is likely to strike said bump if one tries to realize a thin layer.

This method should preferably be implemented after sufficient preparation of the soil, including its equalization. In addition, it leads to making layers of relatively large thickness and for which it is practically impossible to have precise control of the amount of bituminous mix per unit area.

The present invention proposes to overcome these drawbacks in particular by using a method of spreading by a spreading device in which one performs a dosing of the bituminous mix before depositing it on the ground. Thanks to this, we deposit on the ground a specific amount of bituminous mix. The layer thus produced comprises a quantity of bituminous mix determined constant at any point on its surface and whatever the deformations of the surface of the soil on which the layer is spread. It then becomes possible to make a layer of very small thickness, which is particularly interesting in the case of the repair of traffic lanes or on suitable supports.

It will be seen that it is possible to use two means for carrying out this assay, either by producing a film of bituminous mix of a given thickness between two rolls, or by producing an extended bituminous asphalt film. determined thickness on an endless carpet. In both cases, the bituminous mix film is then crumbled and falls off, in particular by being thrown onto the ground. In the first case, we can consider that the created film is almost immediately crumbled since it is the same cylinders that realize both the film (control of the amount of material) and then the crumbling of the film. In the second case, the film has a longer material existence thanks to the fact that one of the rolls is an extended roll in the form of an endless carpet.

Document DE2125970 discloses a device comprising pairs of parallel rollers between which a film of mixes is made to be spread on a floor. This device allows a regular spreading but it does not include final crumbling means for ground projection of asphalt.

Thus, the invention relates to a device for spreading a layer of an asphalt mixture on a floor to be covered, comprising means for moving on said ground in a longitudinal direction of advancement and spreading means fed with bituminous mix by feeding means and adapted to spread during the displacement of the device the bituminous mix layer over a determined width of said soil considered transversely to the direction of advancement.

According to the invention, the spreading means are suitable for producing above the ground a rolling of the bituminous mix and a crumbling of the rolled bituminous mix and the falling to the ground of the bituminous mix crumbled.

In various embodiments of the invention, the following means can be used alone or in any technically possible combination, are employed:

the rolling of the bituminous mix takes place over a determined transverse length,

- The device comprises a spreader adapted to spread the bituminous mixture at the inlet spreading means;

the device comprises a spreader adapted to spread bituminous mix over a given transverse length at the inlet of the spreading means; - Spreading means are adapted to perform the projection, for its fall to the ground, the bituminous mix crumbled;

the spraying means comprise at least one crumbling rolling subassembly maintained at a determined height above the ground and consisting of two rough rolls both arranged in the same transverse direction, so that the rolls form between them a bituminous asphalt film with a determined thickness corresponding to the determined distance between the generatrices facing the two cylinders, the two cylinders being substantially of equal length, the two cylinders rotating in opposite directions from each other in order to be able to entangling them with bituminous mix entering an inlet side of the crumbling rolling subassembly,

the rough rolls have on their surfaces patterns in relief driving the bituminous mix causing, on the output side of the crumbling rolling subassembly, a crumbling of the laminated film of bituminous mix passing between the two rolls, as well as the drop to the ground of the crumbled mix,

the two rough cylinders rotate, in absolute value, at the same radial speed,

the spraying means comprise at least one crumbling rolling subassembly consisting of an extended roll and a rough roll and the extended roll is formed by an end portion of an endless conveyor belt lying between a roll Upstream interior and a downstream inner roller, the upstream and downstream inner rollers being parallel to the rough cylinder, the downstream inner roller facing the cylinder, the belt having a width substantially equal to the length of the cylinder, a film of predetermined thickness, bituminous coating being produced on the upper surface of the belt by a grader disposed on the upstream side of said belt, said film being driven towards the cylinder by said belt and the cylinder rotates, in absolute value, at a speed greater than the radial velocity of the belt passing on the downstream inner roller, the determined distance between the surfaces of the cylinder and the belt passing over the downstream inner roller being in less than the determined thickness of the bituminous mix film produced on the upper surface of the carpet;

- The grader has a transverse grading wall whose lower end is substantially parallel to the upper surface of the belt and whose lower end is at an adjustable height adjustable from the upper surface of the carpet;

the carpet section disposed between the grading wall and the downstream inner roller is equipped with a belt weighing system which makes it possible to measure the mass of the asphalt vein passing over the carpet at the level of said belt weighing system,

- The spreader is arranged transversely above the carpet and upstream of the grading wall, the spreader being adapted to spread upstream of the grading wall of the asphalt over a given width of the carpet and over a height greater than determined thickness of the bituminous mix film to be produced; the divider comprises, in a cage, a worm for driving the bituminous mix over the width of the carpet, the cage closed by side walls being without a bottom so that the bituminous mix can be distributed on the upper surface; of the carpet and being open on top for feeding by bituminous mix:

- the grading wall is independent of the divider cage:

- the divider cage is at a fixed height:

- the divider cage is at an adjustable height;

- The height of the worm in the cage is fixed;

- The height of the worm in the cage is adjustable;

- The adjustment of the height of the lower end of the grader wall is independent of the height adjustment of the cage of the divider;

- the adjustment is a manual mechanical adjustment;

the manual mechanical adjustment is chosen from at least the following means: screw, bolt, wedge, notch, rack, jaw adjustment;

the adjustment is ensured by a controlled position actuator;

- The controlled position actuator is selected from electric actuators, pneumatic, hydraulic;

- The grading wall is the downstream side wall of the cage of the divider, the cage of the divider being located at an adjustable height adjustable from the upper surface of the carpet;

- The height of the worm in the cage is adjustable in order to adjust the height of the worm relative to the upper surface of the endless belt regardless of the height of the cage relative to the upper surface of the carpet , especially in the case where the downstream side wall of the cage of the divider is the grading wall and the cage is adjustable in height to adjust the height of the lower end of the grader wall;

the device comprises four crumbling rolling subsystems each consisting of a patterned cylinder and an extended roll;

the device comprises three crumbling rolling subsystems each consisting of a patterned cylinder and an extended roll;

the device comprises two crumbling rolling subsystems each consisting of a patterned cylinder and an extended roll;

in the case of a device comprising at least two crumbling rolling subassemblies each consisting of a patterned cylinder and an extended roll, the subassemblies are arranged offset laterally to each other in order to add the widths of the spreading of each subset over a greater total width of soil, the spreading being continuous over the width of the soil, that is to say without lack or without overlapping / overlapping of spreading; - In the case of a device comprising at least two crumbling rolling subassemblies offset laterally between them, the lateral offset between the subassemblies is adjustable in order to be able to choose the total spreading width, the spread being continuous over the width. soil, that is to say without lack or overlap / overlap of sprays;

the device comprises a carrier frame of two crumbling rolling subassemblies each consisting of a patterned cylinder and an extended roll, the two subassemblies being offset, on the one hand, laterally relative to each other; the other and, secondly, in height relative to each other, the two crumbling rolling subassemblies being movable in translation laterally against the carrier frame so as to be able to spread or overlap the two sub-assemblies. -assemblies in a lateral direction parallel to the width of the track and thus increase or reduce the determined width of said soil on which the asphalt is spread;

the device comprises a sub-assembly of a crumbling rolling subassembly, the two spreaders of the two subassemblies conveying the bituminous mix in two opposite opposite directions over a width of each endless belt, and the distributor is supplied with bituminous mix by a chute in a fixed position above the cage of the divider, and the two chutes for the two crumbling rolling subassemblies are arranged against the median axis of the device superimposable on the direction of advance;

the device forms a self-propelled spraying machine, said spraying means being arranged at the rear of said machine, or being installed in a removable manner at the rear of a self-propelled machine, said self-propelled machine comprising from before / upstream at the rear / downstream according to the direction of travel: a reserve of bituminous mix, at least one conveying line of the bituminous mix towards the rear and said spreading means;

the device comprises at least two subassemblies of crumbling lamination and a conveying line of the bituminous mix by subassembly, each conveying line being controllable independently of the other / of the other conveying lines,

the raised patterns are substantially elongated along the length of the cylinder,

- The raised patterns are essentially filiform and a height of between 1 mm and 15 mm.

The invention also relates to a method for spreading a layer of a bituminous mix on a soil to be covered, in which, initially, the bituminous mix is rolled to produce a film of determined thickness of bituminous mix on a substrate. determined width and at a distance above the ground and, in a second step, said film is crumbled and the bituminous coating of the film crumbled on the ground. In a particular mode of said process, the film of determined asphalt thickness is made on an upstream portion of an extended roll comprising an endless conveyor belt extended between an upstream inner roll and a downstream inner roll, and uses a cylinder with relief patterns facing the downstream inner roller to crumble the film made on the endless carpet.

In certain particular methods of the process, use is made of an asphalt mixture chosen from: a hot mix with a manufacturing temperature greater than 150 ° C., a warm mix with a manufacturing temperature greater than 100 ° C. and less than 150 ° C. a semi-warm mix of manufacturing temperature of between 85 ° C. and 100 ° C., a semi-cold or cold mix with a manufacturing temperature of less than 85 ° C.

In certain particular methods of the process, a bituminous mix is used, the d and D values of the d / D ratio being chosen from: a value of 0-2.4 or 6.3 mm for d and a value of 4 -6.3-10-14-20 mm for the D.

The present invention will now be exemplified without being limited thereto with the description which follows in relation to the following figures:

- Figure 1 which shows a simplified block diagram of asphalt spreading means in the extended roll embodiment consisting of an endless conveyor belt extended between an upstream inner roller and a downstream inner roller,

- Figure 2 which shows a front view obliquely and perspective of a finishing machine equipped at the rear of two asphalt spreading means according to the extended roll embodiment,

- Figure 3 which shows a rear view obliquely and perspective of the finishing machine of Figure 2 equipped with its two spreading spreading asphalt mix means,

4 represents a rear and perspective side view of a first side of the finishing machine equipped with FIG.

FIG. 5, which represents a rear and perspective side view of a second side of the finishing machine equipped with FIG. 2,

FIG. 6, which shows a close-up lateral view centered on the worm-spreader of the first asphalt spreading means located on the first lateral side of the finishing machine equipped with FIG. 2;

FIG. 7, which shows a close-up and centered lateral view on the inner downstream roller for driving the endless belt and on the corresponding patterned cylinder on the second of the asphalt mix spreading means located on the second lateral side of the machine. paver equipped with Figure 2,

- Figure 8 which shows a close rear view of the paver machine equipped with Figure 2, - Figure 9 which shows a rear perspective side view of the paver machine equipped with Figure 2 during operation with projection and fall to the ground bituminous crumbled,

- Figure 10 which shows a schematic section of rough two-cylinder spreading means, and

- Figure 1 1 which shows schematically a towed trailer by spreading asphalt mix means according to the invention and which comprises in particular three wheels which are smooth-rim cylinders and water storage means and an emulsion hooking / sealing as well as means for the use of these products.

In its general principle, the invention is characterized in that the spreading of the bituminous mix is carried out by rolling means which condition the mix in a film of controlled thickness and on a controlled width before being égrainé / Crumbled and fall on the ground being preferably projected on it. The production of the film is referred to as rolling and the film is obtained by passing the bituminous mix between two elements moving between them, in particular two rotating cylinders or between a fixed element relative to a movable element, in particular a grading wall with respect to an endless carpet of an extended cylinder.

In the case of the implementation of two cylinders, the bituminous asphalt film of determined thickness is made between the two rotating rollers preferably at the same absolute radial speed in order to facilitate the metering. If the two rollers preferably rotate in opposite directions, the case where they would rotate in the same direction is envisaged, in particular in the case where one of the rolls rotates faster than the other to project the bituminous mix onto the ground. One can therefore choose to have different absolute radial speeds for the two cylinders but this may under certain conditions complicate the theoretical estimation, on paper, of the amount of material of the film because of effects that can be non-linear. In these cases, measurements on a machine in operation may, if desired, allow to obtain dosing curves according to the settings of the machine. Indeed, it has been observed under certain conditions, during testing, an absence of linearity of the dosage with the radial speed of the roller or rollers and also with the spacing between the rollers.

In the case of the implementation of an extended cylinder, the running of an endless belt is combined with successive functions of supply asphalt asphalt, transverse distribution of the bituminous mix on the endless belt, of creation on the endless carpet of a film of bituminous mix having a predetermined thickness, crumbling the film and spreading by falling, and preferably projection, of the film crumbled on the ground.

The soil on which the layer is spread is preferably a soil prepared to receive said layer of bituminous mix. A layer of attachment and / or Sealing may be applied to the soil before spreading bituminous mix or simultaneously during spraying.

In the present description, the terms front and rear are defined with respect to the direction of travel on the ground of the spreading means / means, the spreading means advancing forward. The upstream and downstream terms are defined with respect to the direction of circulation of the bituminous mix in the spraying means, the spreading taking place downstream to form on the ground a layer of bituminous mix, the bituminous mix arriving in the spreading means upstream.

In the spreading machine which will more particularly be described, on the one hand, the rear and the downstream are corresponding since the spread takes place at the back and, on the other hand, the upstream is directed towards the before. In addition, the spreading means are arranged towards the rear of the machine. However, it is possible to envisage other arrangements with, for example, a spraying machine in which the downstream of the assembly is oriented towards the front of the machine and / or the spraying assembly is arranged at the front, the machine can be furthermore a cylinder.

Thanks to the invention, the dosage of the bituminous mix is applied in a uniform and continuous manner irrespective of the deformations of the soil as long as it is circulated by construction machinery and in particular by the spreading machine implementing the invention. The invention allows controlled dosing of spreading of bituminous mix over a range of 6 kg / m ² to at least 50 kg / m ² .

Moreover, since the invention is applicable to all hot mixes, warm mixes, semi-warm mixes, semi-cold mixes, cold mixes, emulsion-type cold mixes, cold-mix asphalts, or cold-mix asphalt, it is possible to adapt the bituminous mix formulation to the particularities of the spreading site. The adaptation can be done according to the thickness of the layer of bituminous mix which one wishes to obtain, according to the characteristics of the support and in particular according to the level of the deflections and / or according to the aggressiveness of the traffic.

For example, for thin-layer applications that correspond to dosages of between 6 kg / m ² and less than 30 kg / m ² , a continuous or batch formulation with a high richness modulus can be used: binder dosage greater than 5.4% and dosage of the elements of dimensions less than 63 μιτι higher than 6% preferably, and with use of a grade of bitumen selected from 50/70, 70/100, 160/220, 250/330, 330 / 430, 500/650, 650/900, or modified bitumens. The modified bitumens are preferably used for highly circulating roadways or pavements which, because of their geometric configuration, in particular sinuous and / or ramped, generate high stresses.

For applications in thicker layers, in a range of 30 to 60kg / m ² , asphalt can be formulated according to the texts or standards in force. For severe emulsions, according to standard NF 98-121. For BBUM (Ultra Thin Bituminous Concrete) with an average dosage of 30 kg / m ² , in accordance with standard NF EN 13109-9. For BBTM (very thin bituminous concrete) with an average dosage of 60 kg / m ² , in accordance with standard NF EN 13 108-2. For BBM (Thin Bituminous Concrete) average dosage of 90 kg / m ² , 4 cm nominal thickness, in accordance with standard NF EN 13 108-1. For BBF, according to standard NF EN 98-139. For BBDr (Draining Bituminous Concrete).

The invention can be applied to bituminous mixes whose (D) is 4 mm, 6.3 mm, 10 mm, or 14 mm and (d) of the bituminous mix is equal to 0 mm, 2 mm , 4 mm, or 6.3 mm. It is recalled that the granular class, denoted d / D with d <D, denotes a range of particle sizes in terms of lower (d) and upper (D) sieve dimensions, expressed in mm. Conventional means of producing bituminous mixes may be used in the context of the invention, in particular a heat-sealing plant or cold-coating plant.

In the following description, the embodiment with endless belt, that is to say with implementation of spreading means comprising a patterned cylinder and an extended roll, will be more particularly detailed since the film The predetermined thickness achieved in this device has a longer service life and an extension than the two-cylinder patterned crumbling rolling sub-assembly embodiment, which facilitates explanation. Indeed, in the patterned two-cylinder subassembly embodiment, the bituminous mix film formed between the patterned rolls is almost immediately crumbled because the film creation and comminution areas are very close together. . The implementation of an endless carpet is to use a cylinder which is in an extended form and it is thus possible to further separate the creation zone of the bituminous mix film from that of crumbling said film.

In a variant equivalent to the first subassembly mode with two cylinders patterned, it is possible to implement two extended cylinders consisting of two endless belts with patterns in relief facing each other and rotating in the same direction for the parts of carpets facing each other, preferably with the same radial velocity in absolute value. In such a case, it is understood that this makes it possible to separate the zone of creation of the film (input side, upstream, of the set of two extended cylinders patterned) of the crumbling zone (output side, downstream, of the set of two cylinders extended patterned). The adjustable spacing between the two endless belts vis-à-vis can adjust the thickness of the bituminous mix film and therefore the dosage, so the amount of bituminous mix spread on the ground. Forcing the film of bituminous mix between the two endless belts of two expanded cylinders allows a vertical, inclined or horizontal arrangement of the two endless patterned carpets. The endless conveyor and the combined functional means are secured to each other and carried by a self-propelled tractive machine which provides a controlled speed motor function and provides the energies and fluids necessary for the proper operation of the spreading device. This machine is usually a paver or paver tractor that provides the movement and feeding functions of bituminous mix, energy, fluids and the spreading device is then installed in place of the paver table. In the first case, a specific machine is made and in the second case, a conventional machine is used, the device being attached to the tractor to replace the traditional spreading tool. In yet another variant, the device of the invention is a trailer that can be towed by a self-propelled machine, for example an asphalt delivery truck, a rapid coupling means being implemented between the two.

In the block diagram of Figure 1 showing a subassembly 1 cylinder 12 pattern 13 embossed and extended roll consisting of an endless belt 8 between an upstream inner roller 10 and a downstream inner roller 9, the asphalt bituminous bulk arrives upstream side / entry of the assembly, which is represented by a large curve arrow 1 1 on the left of Figure 1 and which corresponds to a feed asphalt feed function. The bituminous mix arriving on the endless belt upstream side is spread transversely / laterally over the width of the belt 8 by a spreader 7 ensuring the transverse distribution function of the asphalt on the carpet 8. The upper face of the carpet 8 which receives bituminous mix moves from upstream to downstream. In this block diagram, the spreader 7 also performs a grader function to form a film 6 of determined thickness of asphalt on the carpet 8. In FIG. 1, certain areas of the film 6 have been omitted in order to allow to see the carpet 8 which supports the film 6 and, in fact, the film 6 of bituminous mix driven by the carpet 8 downstream is continuous output of the distributor 7 to function grader. This film 6 is crumbled on the downstream side / outlet of the assembly by a cylinder 12 with patterns 13 in relief arranged facing the downstream inner roller 9. In FIG. 1, the cylinder 12 with patterns 13 of the mat 8 has been exaggeratedly spaced apart. by the inner downstream roll 9 to better schematize the crumbled asphalt bitumen 5 projected onto the ground 2. In practice, the spacing between the two is smaller than the thickness e of the film 6 so that the patterns 13 in relief of the cylinder can effectively drive and crumble the bituminous coating of the film 6. These patterns 13 in relief of the cylinder 12 are preferably substantially elongated in the direction of the length of the cylinder: pallets, chevrons ... In a variant they are "hair" or brush-like peaks but they then have an effective driving surface smaller than the elongated patterns along the length of the cylinder.

The crumbled bituminous asphalt falling onto the ground 2 then forms a layer 4 of bituminous mix on which a roll is subsequently passed to rolling. In Figure 1 is schematised the prior application of a sealing layer and hooking 3 before the spreading of the crumbled bituminous coating 5. The assembly which is above the ground 2, moves in the direction indicated by the arrow 32. It is therefore understood that one creates with the film of bituminous mix carried and transposed by the carpet 8, the equivalent of the layer 4 which is formed on the ground, the dependent soil dosage however the speed of advancement of all on the ground as will be specified later.

The belt 8 consists of a rubber band which is resistant to high temperature, at least up to 180 ° C., or any other means which makes it possible to support the asphalt and to convey it at a linear speed of between 2 meters per minute and 20 meters per minute. The carpet, substantially horizontal, is supported by two inner rollers, an upstream inner roll 10 on the arrival side of the bituminous mix and a downstream inner roll 9 on the crumbling side of the bituminous mix film. One of the inner rollers of the endless belt is motor to rotate said carpet. Preferably, it is the downstream inner roller 9 which is driving to keep under tension the conveyor belt of the asphalt film. The engine is preferably a hydraulic motor.

The spacing between the inner rollers 10, 9 gives an effective length of the endless belt 8 of at least 1 m, this effective length corresponds to the upper surface of the endless belt 8 on which the film 6 is produced and transported. bituminous mix. In addition, between the inner rollers 10, 9, at least the upper portion of the endless belt slides on a rigid plate to prevent it from being deformed under the load of the bituminous mix film and thus to maintain a film of constant thickness. .

The feed function 1 1 bituminous mix for the spreader 7 disposed above the endless belt 8 is provided by a conveyor or any other device that ensures a flow of bituminous mix between 10 tons per hour and 100 tons per hour.

We will now describe starting with Figure 2, the implementation of asphalt spreading device on a paver tractor 14 to replace a conventional paver table. The device is installed on a removable module 33 which can be connected to the rear of the finishing tractor 14 in replacement of the finisher table. The device is split with two subassemblies each consisting of a patterned cylinder 12 and an extended roll of the endless belt type 8.

In Figure 2, the finishing tractor 14 comprises at the front a buffer tank 35 of bituminous mix that can open laterally to come "to the bottom" of the truck continuously supply asphalt mix. Protection members 29 at the front of the tractor make it possible to push the truck with bituminous mix as the paving tractor moves forward on the ground by means of tracks 28. engine block and driving is disposed behind the buffer tank 35. A conveyor not visible but indicated by the reference 30 with a dashed arrows, takes asphalt from the bottom of the buffer tank 35 to send it to the back the tractor finisher passing between the tracks 28 and under the engine block and driving. This conveyor 30 is here double, with two parallel channels being able to be controlled independently of one another as a function of the bituminous asphalt needs of each subassembly 1a, 1b with a patterned cylinder 13 and an extended roll 8 , 9, 10.

FIG. 3 shows more precisely the removable module 33 with its two subassemblies 1 a and 1 b with cylinders 12 with patterns 13 in relief and with extended rollers each consisting of an endless belt 8 between an upstream inner roll. 10 and a downstream inner roller 9. The two subsets 1a, 1b are offset both laterally and vertically. The lateral offset between the two subassemblies 1 a, 1 b is adjustable so as to make a layer of bituminous mix on the ground more or less wide. The two subsets 1a, 1b can overlap more or less where the need for the shift in height so that one 1b can pass under the other 1a.

The removable module 33 comprises a rigid support frame 16 fixed to the paver tractor and whose inclination and / or height relative to the paving tractor can be adjusted by means of controlled jacks. A bridge is fixed to the upper part of the support frame 16 to allow staff access to the cockpit and come to observe the operation of the two subassemblies, or even to adjust some organs accessible from the bridge.

The two sub-assemblies 1 a, 1 b are laterally slidably supported by the support frame 16 via rolling members 17 towards the rear / downstream of the subassemblies and 17 'towards the front / upstream of the subsets. Note that the set 1 which is the highest, also supports sliding backwards / downwards the set 1 b which is the lowest. One can see more specifically in Figure 7, one embodiment of the rolling members 17 for the subset 1b.

The cylinder 12 with patterns 13 is rotated by a hydraulic motor 26 and the downstream inner roller 9 by a hydraulic motor 25 which is best seen for the assembly 1a since these motors are on the side of the observer. A carpet scraper 34 is disposed downwardly of the downstream inner roller 9 in order to scrape the upper / outer surface of the belt 8 and cause the asphalt to fall to the ground which could have remained stuck to the carpet after it has passed. under the cylinder 12 with patterns 13.

Sub-assembly 1b which is the most visible in Figure 3, can be seen upstream of the endless belt 8, the grader wall 22 of the grader which is back / down of the cage 15 of the dispatcher 7 . The transverse distribution function of the spreader is ensured by a worm screw, visible in Figures 5 and 6 for each subassembly 1a, 1b, positioned in a cage 15 open at the top to receive the asphalt coming from a ramp 21 and the conveyor 30 and open at the bottom to distribute the mix transversely on the carpet 8.

In order to ensure the regularity of the transverse distribution of the bituminous mix by the endless screw on the endless belt, this transverse distribution of the mix is carried out in the cage 15 over a width of the belt by producing a vein of which the thickness is preferably at least greater than four times the (D) of the mix. For example, with a mix 0/10, the vein under the screw the worm must preferably have a minimum thickness of 40 mm.

In practice, the bituminous mix, characterized by its d / D, can be chosen with a value of 0-2-4 or 6.3 mm for the (d) and a value of 4-6,3-10-14 -20 mm for the (D). Similarly, the bituminous mix may be chosen from a hot mix with a manufacturing temperature greater than 150 ° C., a warm mix with a manufacturing temperature of greater than 100 ° C. and less than 150 °, a semi-warm mix of manufacturing temperature. between 85 ° C and 100 ° C, a semi-cold or cold mix of manufacturing temperature below 85 ° C.

As visible in Figure 4 for the assembly 1a, a spray bar 19 of a sealant and / or hung is disposed upstream / forward of the subassemblies. This spray boom is supplied with hooking / sealing emulsion by devices which will be described in connection with the trailer of FIG. 11 and which comprise in particular an emulsion tank and an emulsion pump. These spray bars follow the lateral movements of the subassemblies when adjusting the spreading width. Preferably, during the implementation of the device, is spread beforehand on the ground by spraying with the spray boom, an attachment layer in front of the fall and projection on the ground of the bituminous mixture crumbled.

It may be noted the presence of a level sensor 18 on the lateral end of the cage 15 of the worm spreader 7 of the assembly 1 a. This level sensor 18 is disposed on the lateral side of the cage 15, that is to say the opposite of the location of the cage 15 where the bituminous mix arrives by the feed function 1 1 of which one can see the upper end of the supply ramp 21. The auger rotates so as to send and distribute the bituminous mix in a vein towards the lateral end of the cage 15. This sensor 18 makes it possible to cut off the feed 1 1 in bituminous mix when there is enough bituminous mix in the cage and which could reach the lateral side of the cage. Thus, it avoids a possible overflow of the bituminous mix out of the cage while ensuring a proper distribution of the mix on the surface of the endless belt 8 and to obtain a uniform film. The two feed ramps 21 of the two subassemblies receive the asphalt mixture arriving via the double conveyor 30 disposed between the tracks 28 of the tractor 14. These two feed ramps 21 allow the bituminous mix to be raised over the two cages 15 of the two subsets 1 a, 1 b. The two feed ramps are in fixed positions and are arranged on either side of the median axis of the tractor and the module 33, substantially against each other. It is therefore understood that the asphalt will fall into the cage at a location that will depend on the lateral position of the assembly 1a, 1b. When each subassembly 1 a, 1 b is pushed completely outward to obtain a maximum layer width, the place where the asphalt falls in the cage is the central end, that is to say towards the median axis of the cage 15 and the film is thus produced over the entire width of the endless belt 8.

On the other hand, when the subassemblies are close together and overlap for the realization of a narrower layer, the place where the asphalt falls in the cage is an intermediate position between the two ends, lateral and central, of the Cage 15. It follows from the fact that the worm distributes the asphalt towards the lateral side, that the film will be made only over a reduced width of the endless belt and the lateral side of the latter. Because of this, there is no spreading overlay in the central zone of the layer and therefore no double layer thickness in its central zone when a layer width which is below the width is chosen. maximum spreading by approximation and overlap of the two subsets 1 a, 1 b.

The asphalt mix feed of the spreader is preferably controlled by a clean automation that makes the bituminous asphalt vein in the cage 15 of the minimum thickness required for a correct distribution while avoiding an overflow of the asphalt mix. bituminous out of the cage. At least one sensor 18 is therefore implemented within the cage to stop the supply of the latter when the level of bituminous mix goes too high in the cage at risk of overflow. The asphalt feed of the cage is resumed when the asphalt level goes down into the cage and may fall below the minimum thickness required. It is also implemented a level sensor at the output of each feed ramp 21, in the trough 31 corresponding. Thanks to such an automatism, the device can function correctly even if one modifies its settings for modification of the dosage of the layer obtained on the ground.

Figure 5 shows the worm 20 in the cage 15 of the divider 7 of the assembly 1 b. We find the same organs as those described in Figure 4 for all 1a and, in particular, the level sensor 18. It can be noted the presence of a chute 31 just below the end of the ramp 21 feed and above the opening of the top of the cage 15, fixed chute as the ramp 21 supply (it is recalled that the cage 15 can move under the chute). This chute 31 forms a funnel for guiding the cage 15 bituminous that falls from the ramp 21 supply.

In Figure 6, we can see the worm 20 in the cage 15 of the divider 7 of the set 1 a.

The function of creating, on the carpet, a film of bituminous mix having a determined thickness of between 20 mm and 100 mm to plus or minus 2 mm is provided by a grading wall 22 forming a guillotine of a grader. The thickness of the bituminous mix film is preferably at least equal to four times the (D) of the bituminous mix. For example, for a 0/10 mix, the thickness of the film under the guillotine will preferably be at least 40 mm. The height position of the grading wall 22 forming the guillotine of the grader relative to the upper surface of the belt is adjustable in order to be able to choose the thickness of the asphalt mix film and thus adjust dosage of bituminous mix spread on the ground.

The function of creating the bituminous mix film can be associated with the transverse distribution function. It is preferable that the two conditions concerning the thickness of the vein in the cage and the film on the carpet are respected, that is to say a vein thickness at least equal to four times the (D) of the mix. bitumen, and a film thickness of at least four (D) of the bituminous mix, changes of these thicknesses to be made in a correlated manner.

The bituminous mix film which is conveyed by the endless belt is then dislocated by crumbling by a patterned cylinder 13 and then spread on the ground by falling, preferably the rotating patterned cylinder at such a rotational speed that Bituminous asphalt crumbled is sprayed on the ground.

FIG. 7 shows more precisely the protruding filiform patterns 13 of substantially longitudinal extension along the cylinder 12. They result from the welding on the cylinder 12 of an expanded metal grid with diamond patterns and thickness of a few millimeters.

The raised patterns are filiform and are essentially elongated along the length of the cylinder and form entrainment patterns of the bituminous mix. Typically, the relief pattern is similar to a substantially regular pattern of square border shapes or diamond borders. Other elongated shapes are possible, for example sawtooth, triangular, herringbone, zigzag ... but they all have an essentially longitudinal extension, along the length of the cylinder, so that the driving effect of the mix bitumen is effective. These relief patterns can be integrated or reported on the surface of the cylinder.

If, preferably, the patterns in relief on the surface of the cylinder are filiform, it is possible alternatively to implement a hedgehog cylinder with spikes and / or pallets crumbling the film and projecting the bituminous mix towards the ground. It should be noted that the ground projection of bituminous mix resulting from the crumbling of the film may be more or less important depending on the needs, the crumbled asphalt falling naturally on the ground because it is released from the endless belt, the latter winding downwardly around the downstream inner roller and starting upstream at the bottom of the device. However, it is preferable that the patterned cylinder rotates fast enough for the crumbled bituminous mix to detach itself effectively from said cylinder under the effect of centrifugal force. With a too slow rotational speed of the patterned cylinder there is a risk of formation of too large packets of bituminous mixes. Thus, it is preferred that the patterned cylinder rotates rapidly to project the bituminous mix crumbled to the ground. In practice, the radial velocity of the patterned cylinder is higher than the radial velocity of the endless belt.

The cylinder 12 with patterns 13 has an effective length substantially identical to the effective width of the conveyor belt 8 and is placed at the downstream end of the endless belt 8, facing the downstream inner roller 9. The diameter of the cylinder 12 patterned 13 is at least 150 mm.

In the case of a hedgehog cylinder, the tips of the hedgehog are spaced a dozen mm and have a length of 50 mm for a mix of 0/10 particle size. More generally, it is possible to provide patterned cylinders or different patterns if the patterns are removable, adapted to the particle size of the asphalt to be sprayed. In the case where the patterns in relief, filiform or hedgehog, have a high height that can make them come into contact with the carpet, it is expected that these relief patterns have a certain flexibility to fade in contact with the carpet.

The distance between the patterned cylinder and the belt passing over the downstream inner roller which is opposite said patterned cylinder is adjustable by adjustment means 23 visible in FIG. 7. The spacing between the upstream and downstream inner rollers, and therefore the tension of the endless belt is adjustable by means of adjustment 24 acting more particularly on the position of the downstream inner roller 9. It may be noted that the adjustment of the position of the downstream inner roller 9 automatically causes the displacement of the cylinder 12 pattern 13 and carpet scraper 34 because the latter are mounted on a common adjusting plate. These adjustment means 23 and 24 are here manually operable but in other embodiments, they are actuated by controlled position actuators. It will be understood that these adjustments are possible at both ends of the patterned cylinder 13 and the extended roll 8, 9, 10 in order to maintain a parallelism between the two and for the belt between its upstream and downstream inner rollers.

A preferably hydraulic motor 26 rotates the patterned cylinder at a speed of 200 to 400 rpm. These values are given as an indication as an order of magnitude for a better understanding.

A carpet scraper 34 is disposed downwardly from the downstream inner roller to scrape the surface of the endless belt in the event that asphalt has remained stuck to the carpet and then drop it to the ground where it will join the rest of the bituminous mix that had been crumbled and detached from the carpet by the patterned cylinder.

In FIG. 8, the very partial overlap of the two subsets 1 a, 1 b is perfectly visualized because they are positioned to produce a layer whose width corresponds to the maximum possible width because the distance between the two sub-assemblies 1 a, 1 b -set is maximum. It is understood that this very partial overlap is related to the fact that the useful width of the carpet, therefore the film is a little less than the width of the assembly and that to avoid a lack of bituminous mix towards the center of the layer, it It is necessary that the useful widths of the mats join the median axis of the tractor and spread. When it is desired to make a layer of width equal to or less than the useful width of the belt, only one of the two subassemblies is operated.

It is understood that the speeds of the various elements of the device are adapted to each other so that there is no breakage of supply or clogging along the path of the bituminous mix in the device. In the case of a normal operation without rupture or engorgement, one can calculate the dosage of the bituminous mix which is spread on the ground with the following formula:

Dosage (kg / m ² ) = 1000 ^* M VA ^* Ev ^* Vr / Va

or

MVA (M. g / m ² ) is the apparent density of the film on the endless carpet,

Ev (m) is the thickness of the film on the endless carpet,

Vr (m / min) is the speed of advance or rotation of the carpet,

Va (m / min) is the speed of advancement of the device on the ground.

The apparent density of the film on the endless carpet, MVA, is determined for each asphalt mix formula. The thickness of the film, Ev, is adjustable and a thickness equal to four times (D) is preferably chosen, (D) being the largest dimension of the chippings which make up the formula of the bituminous mix. The speeds of rotation or rotation of the endless belt and the speed of advance of the device relative to the ground are synchronized and dependent in order to obtain the desired dosage for the ground layer.

In an alternative embodiment, a weighing means is installed beneath the carpet section disposed between the grading wall and the downstream inner roller in order to measure the mass of the asphalt stream passing over the carpet at said weighing means, this means being a weighing belt system which may for example consist of a weighing roll extended under the carpet. It is thus possible to measure continuously the weight of the mix passing over the carpet. This weighing means can be used in combination with the dosage calculation explained above or be used alone to adjust the dosage. There are therefore several ways to control the speed of advancement of the device on the soil and the desired dosage. It is understood that it is therefore possible to act on one or more parameters to adjust the dosage of the bituminous mix of the layer on the ground, which allows a very great flexibility of operation.

A controller is implemented to control and control the various elements of the device. The operation of the spraying device can be regulated in various ways. In general, a dosage in Kg / m ² to be obtained for the ground layer is chosen and the automaton adjusts the speed parameters of the device on the ground, the speed of rotation of the belt, the thickness of the film in this region. goal. In some cases, one of the parameters can be constrained: for example the speed of advancement of the device is imposed in addition by an operator and the automaton thus adjusts the other two parameters. It should be noted that the automaton may comprise tables or calculation formulas giving areas of possible parameter values according to the assays. It is then possible to implement security informing the operator of an impossibility to achieve the desired dosage. For example, if the operator imposes a speed of advance of the device too high for a given formulation and a desired dosage, the automaton will indicate an impossibility and may possibly indicate a forward speed of the compatible lower device. The automaton can further determine, depending on the desired dosage, an optimum speed of advancement of the device in terms of consumption and / or construction time or any other optimization criterion such as for example the speed or period of rotation of the semi-trailers. trailers for supplying bituminous mix to the machine having the spreading device.

Similarly, the controller can take into account, by means of sensors, certain deformations of the soil on which the layer must be made. Thus, the dosage to be applied to the x-y plane coordinates can be made proportional to the z-deformation of the roadway. The values of z as a function of the x-y torque can be predefined and used for the management of the control PLC or be measured in real time. In such a mode, the operator can optionally set maximum and minimum limits of the dosage.

In Figure 9, we can see the asphalt tractor in action spreading a layer 4 of bituminous mix. It may be noted that the assembly 1a is higher and further back than the assembly 1b, this offset behind the upper assembly 1a is due to the fact that its supply ramp 21 is longer and that it has the same inclination as the shorter one of the lower set 1 b. A bituminous mix film is made over the entire usable width of each carpet 8 and this film is crumbled by the corresponding patterned cylinder 12 to form the crumbled bituminous coating 5 which lands on the ground to form the layer 4. note that the layer 4 obtained is of a relatively reduced thickness, thickness that it would be difficult to obtain with a conventional finisher. Spraying means with two rough cylinders are shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10 with a sectional side view of a crumbling rolling subassembly 100. On this section, a hopper 102 has the upstream side for introducing the bituminous mix, a distributor 7, and downstream outlet side of the crumbled laminated bituminous mix 5, two rough rolls 1 12 which ensure the rolling of the mix distributes and then the crumbling of the film of asphalt resulting from rolling. The crumbling takes place almost immediately after rolling in this embodiment. The feed function 1 1 is represented by an enlarged arrow but, in a variant, the hopper 102 instead of being a simple hopper for introducing bituminous mix 101 from a storage means further upstream. can also be a means of storing the bituminous mix. In the latter case, it may be advantageous for the storage means of the hopper 102 to be slightly offset from the vertical of the output of the crumbled rolled bituminous mix 5 so that the variable weight of the column of When bituminous asphalt mixes, the height of which can vary, has little influence on the dosage of the bituminous mix at the outlet, this offset may correspond to an inclined bend or fall towards the distributor 7 and the two rough rolls 1 12.

Figure 11 shows schematically a trailer 14 on rollers attached to a spraying device according to the invention, for example that with crumbling milling subassembly 100 with two rough cylinders described above. This trailer, in addition to its storage capacity of an emulsion hooking / sealing, allows after the spreading of the asphalt layer on the ground, the rolling of said layer. The trailer 1 14 comprises rollers 1 15 for displacing the machine on the layer 4. The trailer 1 14 comprises a reservoir 1 16 compartmentalized 6 m3 with a first portion for an emulsion hooking / sealing and a second part for water for watering the rollers 1 14. These rollers 1 1 roll are represented in number of three but it is understood that this number and / or the running structure of the machine can be adapted in according to the needs as well as the length of each roll of rolling which is here of 1, 50 m and smooth rim. The trailer 1 14 also comprises a platform with a pump for the hooking / sealing emulsion, a pump for the watering of the rollers and an air compressor to form jets of the ramp 19 with a hanging emulsion. seal. The trailer may also include a generator.

Diagrammatically shown at the front of the trailer 1 14, according to the direction of travel 32 of the assembly, a ramp 19 for spraying a layer 3 of bonding emulsion on the ground 2 and a sub- spreading set. The hooking / sealing emulsion and the compressed air are transmitted to the ramp 19 by hoses shown schematically in Figure 1 1 in dashed lines. Behind the ramp 19, there is the crumbling rolling milling subassembly 100 with two rough cylinders which makes it possible to drop the ground bituminous crumbled 5, possibly by projecting it on the ground, and to realize the layer 4 of asphalt bituminous on the ground 2. The rollers of the trailer move further back to roll the layer 4 of bituminous mix produced. Connecting means 1 17 make it possible to connect the trailer 1 14 to the spreading machine which comprises the spreading subsystem (s).

Claims

1. Device for spreading a layer (4) of a bituminous mix on a floor (2) to be covered, comprising means for moving on said floor in a longitudinal direction of advance (32) and spreading means fed with bituminous mix by feeding means and adapted to spread during the movement of the device the bituminous mix layer over a given width of said soil considered transversely to the direction of advance, the spreading means being adapted to produce above the ground a laminating of the bituminous mix and a crumbling of the rolled bituminous mix and the falling to the ground of the crumbled bituminous mix, characterized in that the spreading means comprise at least one crumbling rolling subassembly consisting of a extended roll and a rough roll and that the extended roll is formed by an end portion of an endless conveyor belt (8) lying between an inner roll Upstream (10) and a downstream inner roller (9), the upstream and downstream inner rollers being parallel to the rough cylinder (12), the downstream inner roller (9) facing the cylinder (12), the belt (8) having a width substantially equal to the length of the cylinder, a film (6) of a given thickness (e) of asphalt being formed on the upper surface of the belt (8), said film being driven towards the cylinder by said carpet, the distance determined between the surfaces of the cylinder and the belt passing on the downstream inner roller being less than the determined thickness (e) of the film (6) of bituminous mix produced on the upper surface of the carpet (8).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spreading means are adapted to perform the projection, for its fall to the ground, the bituminous mix crumbled.

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cylinder rotates, in absolute value, at a speed greater than the radial speed of the belt (8) passing on the downstream inner roller (9).

4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it comprises a spreader adapted to spread bituminous mixture at the inlet spreading means.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film (6) of determined thickness (e) bituminous coating is formed on the upper surface of the belt (8) by a grader disposed on the upstream side of said carpet.

6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the grader comprises a transverse grading wall (22) whose lower end is substantially parallel to the upper surface of the belt (8) and whose end grader is at a predetermined height. adjustable from the upper surface of the carpet.

7. Device according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the carpet section (8) disposed between the grading wall (22) and the downstream inner roller (9) is equipped with a weighing belt system that allows to measure the mass of the asphalt vein passing over the carpet at the level of said belt weighing system.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, taken in accordance with claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the spreader (7) is arranged transversely above the belt (8) and upstream of the grader wall (22) , the spreader (7) being adapted to spread upstream of the grading wall of the bituminous mix over a given width of the carpet and over a height greater than the determined thickness (e) of the film (6) of bituminous mix with achieve.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, taken in dependence on claim 4, characterized in that the divider (7) comprises, in a cage (15), a worm (20) driving the bituminous coating on the width of the carpet (8), the cage closed by side walls being bottomless so that the asphalt mixture can be distributed on the upper surface of the carpet and being open on top for feeding (1 1) by bituminous mix.

10. Device according to claim 9, taken in accordance with claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the grading wall (22) constitutes the downstream side wall of the cage (15) of the divider (7), the cage of the divider being located at an adjustable height of the upper surface of the carpet.

1 1. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a carrier frame (16) of two crumbling rolling subassemblies (1 a, 1 b) each consisting of a rough cylinder (12) and an extended roll (8, 9, 10), the two subassemblies (1 a, 1 b) being offset, on the one hand, laterally relative to each other and, on the other hand, height relative to each other, the two subassemblies being movable in translation laterally against the support frame so as to be able to spread or overlap the two subassemblies in a lateral direction parallel to the width of the track and thus increasing or reducing the determined width of said soil on which the asphalt is spread.

12. Device according to claim 1 1, taken in dependence on claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a spreader (7) by subassembly of crumbling rolling, the two spreaders of the two crumbling rolling subassemblies carrying the lamination. asphalt coating in two opposing divergent directions over a width of each endless belt, and in that the spreader is supplied with bituminous mix by a trough (31) in a fixed position above the cage (15) of the divider ( 7), and in that the two troughs (31) for the two crumbling rolling subassemblies (1 a, 1 b) are arranged against the central axis of the device superimposable on the direction of advance (32).

13. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it forms a self-propelled spraying machine, said spraying means being disposed at the rear of said machine, or being removably installed at the rear a self-propelled craft (14), said self-propelled craft having from before / upstream to the rear / downstream in the direction of travel: a reserve (35) of bituminous mix, at least one conveying line (30) bituminous mix back and said spreading means.

14. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the patterns (13) in relief are substantially elongated along the length of the cylinder.

15. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the patterns (13) in relief are substantially filamentary and a height of between 1 mm and 15 mm.

16. A method for spreading a layer (4) of an asphalt mixture on a soil (2) to be covered, in which, at first, the bituminous mix is rolled to produce a film (6) of a predetermined thickness ( e) bituminous mix over a given width and at a distance above the ground and, in a second step, this film is crumbled (5) and the bituminous mix is dropped from the crumbled film onto the ground, characterized in that the film of determined thickness of asphalt is made on an upstream part of an extended roll (8, 9, 10) consisting of an endless conveyor belt (8) extended between an upstream inner roll ( 10) and a downstream inner roller (9), and in that a cylinder (12) having patterns (13) in relief facing the downstream inner roller is used to crumble (5) the film (6) produced on the endless carpet (8).

17. The method of claim 16, characterized in that implements a bituminous mix selected from: a hot mix of manufacturing temperature greater than 150 ° C, a warm mix of manufacturing temperature greater than 100 ° C and below 150 ° C, a semi-warm mix of manufacturing temperature of between 85 ° C and 100 ° C, a semi-cold mix or a temperature of less than 85 ° C manufacturing temperature.

18. Method according to one of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that implements a bituminous mix whose d and D values of the ratio d / D are chosen from: a value of 0-2-4 or 6 , 3 mm for the d and a value of 4-6.3-10-14-20 mm for the D.