WO2015197477A1 - Moteur électrique - Google Patents

Moteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015197477A1
WO2015197477A1 PCT/EP2015/063788 EP2015063788W WO2015197477A1 WO 2015197477 A1 WO2015197477 A1 WO 2015197477A1 EP 2015063788 W EP2015063788 W EP 2015063788W WO 2015197477 A1 WO2015197477 A1 WO 2015197477A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
electrical machine
longitudinal bars
rotor shell
coil winding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/063788
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Frank
Jörn GRUNDMANN
Anne KUHNERT
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2015197477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015197477A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/14—Synchronous motors having additional short-circuited windings for starting as asynchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/26—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors or stators designed to permit synchronous operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
    • H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
    • H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric machine having a stator and a rotor rotatably mounted about a rotation axis, in which the rotor has an inner rotor core provided with at least one electrical coil winding.
  • the invention relates to a synchronous machine having such a structure, which additionally has an asynchronous operating mode.
  • synchronous machines In the prior art synchronous machines have a fixed stator and a rotor rotating about a stationary axis, the rotor typically carrying a field winding which generates the magnetic field necessary for the operation of the machine.
  • the stator is provided with a plurality of electrical coil windings, which are connected together to a single-phase or multi-phase AC voltage network. The runner runs synchronously with the
  • the rotor In a so-called internal pole machine, the rotor is typically arranged as a cylindrical body within a hollow cylindrical stator. There is an air gap between the coil windings of the rotor and the stator, which is generally kept as small as possible to increase the efficiency ⁇ degree of the machine and / or the manufacturing and Materi ⁇ alaufwand.
  • Such a synchronous machine can in principle be operated either as a motor or as a generator.
  • electrical power is withdrawn from the power grid and converted into mechanical power via the rotation of the rotor.
  • the runner is expedient verbun ⁇ with a rotor shaft, which transmits the torque generated.
  • motors can, for example, as drives for compressors, fans or pumps are used.
  • generator operation mechanical energy is inversely umgewan ⁇ punched into electrical energy, and an externally induced rotation of the rotor shaft via magnetic induction generated in the stator coils an alternating voltage.
  • the exciter winding of the rotor is traversed by a direct current, which is transmitted from an exciter device to the rotating coil winding.
  • Synchronous machines are known in which the excitation winding is designed as a superconducting coil winding, since a particularly high efficiency and / or a compact construction can be achieved by the negligible DC resistance of such a coil.
  • Such a superconducting field winding is, for example, in
  • Embodiment is in any case that in asynchronous operation, a high heat input into the exciter winding takes place, which is then heated, for example in a superconducting winding to a temperature above the transition temperature of the superconductor.
  • EP1203437B1 a synchronous motor with a superconducting field winding is described which additionally has an asynchronous operating mode described as an induction mode.
  • an induction structure is provided as part of the rotor, which generates a torque in an asynchronous emergency operation of the engine when the excitation winding is no longer superconducting.
  • the induction structure is in this case arranged in some embodiments, as close to the superconducting field windings that, in the induction mode is He ⁇ Coil winding further heated by the induction occurring in the structure Wär ⁇ me mental.
  • a vacuum region for thermal insulation between parts of the induction structure and the exciter winding is described.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electrical machine which avoids the disadvantages mentioned.
  • ⁇ sondere should be configured as a synchronous machine, the electrical machine having an additional asynchronous operating mode in which the properties of the exciter winding ⁇ be affected as little as possible for the synchronous mode.
  • the electrical Ma ⁇ machine comprises a stator and a rotatably mounted about a rotation axis rotor.
  • the rotor on an inner rotor core, which is provided with at least one electric coil winding.
  • the rotor core and the coil winding are enveloped radially by an outer rotor shell, wherein the rotor shell has a plurality of electrically conductive longitudinal bars, which are at least partially electrically conductively connected to one another at their axial end regions.
  • a longitudinal bar will generally be understood to mean an electrical conductor with a directional component in the axial direction. He does not have to be formed as a cantilevered bar, but may be as an elongated conductive element of most general form ⁇ , for example, as conductive filling of flexi- ble materials or as a network of conductor strands.
  • a significant advantage of the electric machine according to the invention is that a component arranged radially between the rotor core and the stator is available through the rotor shell, on which additional electrical conductors, here in the form of the longitudinal bars, can be arranged.
  • each of the longitudinal bars is advantageously connected to at least one other longitudinal bar to form a closed circuit, so that all the longitudinal bars are induced in the asynchronous operating mode
  • the electrical coil winding arranged on the rotor core serves as a field winding for synchronous operation.
  • the combination of rotor core and electrical coil winding is also referred to below as an inner rotor.
  • the rotor core is wound, for example, with the Spulenwick ⁇ development , or the already wound coil winding may be subsequently applied to the rotor core.
  • Coil winding may at least partially surround the rotor core and / or it may be otherwise arranged, for example, in radially outer regions on the rotor core.
  • the electrically acting in particular in the asynchronous longitudinal bars are arranged in the electrical machine on the inner rotor surrounding rotor shell. This rotor shell with the associated longitudinal bars is mechanically connected to the inner rotor and rotates synchronously with this.
  • the arrangement of the effective in the asynchronous electrical conductor on a radially outer region than the active in synchronous excitation winding is advantageous because the heat development by Asynchronbe ⁇ drive resulting losses an advantageously low influence on the temperature of the field winding has.
  • the casing of the inner rotor with the rotor shell also has a further advantage:
  • the diameter of the inner rotor can be made significantly smaller than the bore diameter of the stator.
  • this has the additional advantage that the electrical coil winding of the inner rotor during flexible ⁇ chem bore diameter of the stator and at the same rotation number is exposed to lower centrifugal forces. This is particularly advantageous when the electrical coil ⁇ winding of the inner rotor can be easily angeord ⁇ net by using materials with high current carrying capacity in a small space.
  • these longitudinal bars may be aligned parallel to the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor. In particular, they may all be arranged in parallel on a common ⁇ seed cylinder surface. Alternatively, however, the longitudinal bars may also be arranged at an angle to the axis of rotation. By such a slightly inclined position, the starting conditions of the electrical machine can be improved. For example, the so-called Nutenpfeifen, inhomogeneous torques, magnetic whirling, Hinttel manufacturer and / or braking can be reduced.
  • the longitudinal bars are no longer exactly parallel to each other, but are inclined in different directions, but advantageously by an amount equal to the angle against the axis of rotation of the rotor.
  • a configu- ration is also referred to as "easy side set”.
  • Age ⁇ natively can also "repeatedly ge Profen” at a “double ge Profen” or embodiment, different axial regions of the longitudinal rods to be formed with different inclinations be ⁇ ischations.
  • This twist is
  • the angle of the longitudinal bars with the axis of rotation can be, for example, up to +/- 20 degrees, and the angle for a given slot number n of the stator coil is particularly advantageously at a value of about 360 ° / n ,
  • the electric machine may additionally have the following features:
  • the rotor shell can be formed from a soft magnetic material to a majority of its Vo ⁇ lumen.
  • this soft magnetic material may have a mag ⁇ genetic permeability of at least 30.
  • Such a soft magnetic material is particularly suitable for guiding the magnetic field generated by the excitation winding of the inner rotor to the location of the stator.
  • the radial distance between the outside of the inner rotor and the inner side of the stator is expediently filled to a majority by this soft-magnetic material. Since at ⁇ may advantageously be as small as possible air gap between the stator and rotor casing can be achieved.
  • the longitudinal rods are then placed in a au ⁇ refracting external portion of the rotor casing, so that between the longitudinal rods and the stator windings an advantageously small effective gap results.
  • a thin gap as possible is important for the asynchronous mode of operation be ⁇ Sonder.
  • the longitudinal bars can be electrically insulated against the soft magnetic material of the rotor shell. This is expedient, since then the induction of electric currents in the longitudinal bars takes place separately from a possible flow of current in the material of the rotor shell.
  • the electrical coil winding of the rotor can be designed as supralei ⁇ tende coil winding, in particular with a high-temperature superconducting material. In machines with such a superconducting field winding particularly high efficiencies and other advantageous properties can he be ⁇ aims.
  • inner rotor and rotor jacket can be interconnected by thermally poorly conductive materials having a thermal conductivity of at most 2 W / mK and / or a bathleitintegral of the highest 20 W / cm. Glass fiber-reinforced plastics or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, for example, are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • the rotor shell may have a thickness of at least 2 cm for the majority of its circumference. Particularly advantageous ⁇ way, the thickness may be at least 5 cm, in particular even be ⁇ we iquess 20 cm.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the outer diameter of the inner rotor by at least said selected value of the thickness smaller who the can ⁇ than the inner diameter of the stator. In addition, there then results a sufficiently large radial area for the arrangement of the longitudinal bars required for the asynchronous operating mode.
  • the outer diameter of the rotor shell may be at least 10% greater than the inner diameter of the rotor shell. Particularly advantageously, inner diameter and outer diameter can differ by at least 20%. The advantages of these embodiments are comparable to those of the minimum nominal wall thickness values described above.
  • the longitudinal bars can be arranged in grooves of the rotor shell. Particularly advantageously, the rotor shell can be provided with a plurality of radially outer grooves, within which the longitudinal bars are arranged. Then the distance between the longitudinal bars and the stator is advantageously low.
  • the rotor shell can generally have the basic shape of a circular cylindrical hollow body which encloses the inner rotor.
  • the rotor casing in particular the soft magnetic material of the rotor sleeve may be provided with at least a pair of diamet ⁇ ral opposed recesses. These recesses may be in addition to the above-described grooves for the longitudinal bars. Alternatively, however, such recesses may also be formed by the grooves themselves.
  • the advantage of such an embodiment is that the portion of the magnetic flux which is lost as a magnetic short circuit between the poles of the exciter magnetic field in Materi ⁇ al of the rotor shell, is kept as small as possible.
  • the effect of said recesses is that the magnetic flux induced in the material of the rotor jacket has a particularly high radial component, and thus that as high a magnetic flux as possible is conducted to the location of the stator.
  • the said pairs of diametrically opposed recesses are particularly suitable in order to limit the possible between the magnetic poles short-circuit paths in pairs and thus symmetrical as possible.
  • Said recesses may be formed as recesses in the soft magnetic material of the rotor shell, wherein the recesses may be at least partially filled with an amagnetic Mate ⁇ material.
  • the recesses may also be substantially completely filled with non-magnetic material.
  • non-magnetic materials should Here, all materials are understood that are not ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic. Alloys or other mixtures with permeabilities y r below 30 are also considered to be non-magnetic. It is particularly advantageous to use nonmagnetic materials with permeability numbers below 10.
  • air can also serve as an amagnetic filling for the recesses, by means of which a magnetic short circuit between the poles of the exciter field can be prevented or reduced.
  • the recesses are advantageous in part or at least ⁇ as having a solid filled, so that the rapidly rotating rotor to the rotor casing is reinforced at these points in its mechanical strength.
  • Suitable materials for solid non-magnetic fillings are, for example, amagnetic alloys, in particular non-magnetic steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and titanium and its alloys.
  • the rotor shell can with at least two diametrically opposed arrangements of a plurality of axial
  • Direction spaced recesses be provided.
  • two or more such arrangements may be present, which are each formed as a regular grid or even irregular Ras ⁇ ter of individual recesses. Between these individual recesses may in places the full
  • Nominal wall thickness of the rotor shell which beispielswei ⁇ se can lead to a higher mechanical stability of the co-rotating rotor shell.
  • the rotor shell may be provided with at least two diametrically opposite ⁇ opposite each radially continuous interruptions. This can cause advantageous that magneti ⁇ cal short circuit paths between the poles can be mitigated.
  • Such radially continuous recesses in the weichmag- netic material may be particularly advantageous filled with amagneti ⁇ -magnetic material in order to ensure the mechanical strength of the rotor shell.
  • the recesses may be designed as axially-spaced. standing arrangements of several individual recesses are present, between which at least a portion of the wall thickness of the rotor shell is obtained.
  • the coil winding for generating the magnetic field can be formed with a pole pair number n, wherein the rotor shell has at least n pairs of diametrically opposed recesses, and wherein these recesses are arranged in the direction of circulation between two adjacent poles.
  • the rotor shell can then advantageously have at least one pair of diametrically opposite recesses, which are arranged in the direction of rotation between the then likewise opposite poles.
  • the recesses can be located substantially centrally between the respective adjacent poles, ie in a two-pole machine equatorial between the Po ⁇ len.
  • recesses and poles are advantageously distributed in the circumferential direction, that see between each two adjacent poles least ⁇ least such a recess , In particular, Kings ⁇ NEN the recesses in each case approximately in the center between two be arranged in the circumferential direction adjacent poles.
  • the central arrangement between adjacent poles is particularly suited to weaken the direct magnetic short circuit paths between the magnetic poles and the radial components of the magnetic flux in the material of the rotor casing to he ⁇ heights.
  • a row of a plurality of recesses which are axially spaced from each other, can also be arranged at each position in the direction of rotation.
  • a part of the longitudinal rods can be arranged reasonable in the circumferential direction between adjacent poles before ⁇ part by way of at least.
  • the longitudinal bars are arranged in grooves in the soft magnetic material of the rotor shell. In this embodiment, these grooves then serve the same function as the above-beschrie ⁇ surrounded recesses, namely see an attenuation of the magnetic short circuit path in the rotor casing in the region between the poles.
  • the longitudinal bars may be formed of non-magnetic material.
  • the longitudinal bars made of copper or aluminum, or of these metals ent ⁇ holding alloys can be formed.
  • the longitudinal bars can be inserted for example in the die-casting process in corresponding recesses of the rotor shell.
  • the end-side electrical connections in particular of the same material as the longitudinal bars, can be produced in a particularly advantageous manner at the same time.
  • the longitudinal bars can be inserted as rods with different profiles in corresponding grooves of the rotor shell and then subsequently provided at the axial end sides with the required electrical connections with each other.
  • an inner gap may be arranged between the inner rotor and the rotor shell.
  • This inner gap may be appropriate to facilitate the assembly of the inner Läu ⁇ fers in the rotor shell. Similar to the äuße ⁇ ren air gap between the rotor and stator casing it is convenient ⁇ moderately, ten such an inner gap as small as possible to HAL, for example between 0.1 mm and 50 mm, in particular between 1 mm and 10 mm.
  • the inner gap may be an air gap. Alternatively, the inner gap may also be evacuated. Support structures can still be found in the inner gap. be used to minimize sagging and / or unbalance, especially in axially extended runners.
  • an inner vacuum container can be arranged, which surrounds the rotor core with the electric coil winding vacuum-tight.
  • al ⁇ is Zvi ⁇ rule rotor casing and inner rotor arranged an additional vacuum-tight wall in the inner gap.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous in order to minimize a thermal coupling between the longitudinal bars of the rotor shell and the electrical coil winding of the inner rotor as possible. As a result, heating of a particular superconducting field winding can be advantageously reduced by the losses occurring in asynchronous operation.
  • the rotor shell can be formed from a plurality of mutually insulated soft magnetic sheets. This is advantageous in order to keep electrical losses as low as possible by means of eddy currents induced in the rotor jacket.
  • ⁇ SSIG the individual sheets with mutually corresponding recesses are provided, so that the sheets stacked continuous grooves result in a Studentsbeat-.
  • these superordinate grooves may either be parallel to the axis of rotation or at an angle thereto. It can be short-circuited by two axially end-side Verbin ⁇ making structures electrically to each other all the longitudinal rods.
  • the end-side connection structures may in particular be short-circuit rings.
  • all the longitudinal bars are part of a überge ⁇ arranged shorting cage.
  • Such short circuit cages are often used in the prior art on runners of asynchronous machines. In the corresponding embodiment of the present invention, they serve as cage-shaped elec- fresh conductors for the additional asynchronous mode of operation of the electric machine. Short cages of Asynchronma ⁇ machines need not be connected to an external circuit for the function of the machine. During synchronous operation mode of the electric machine, such a short-circuit cage can also advantageously act as a damper winding, for example, the negative influence of Schieflas ⁇ th to reduce and / or minimize oscillations by load impulses.
  • the longitudinal bars may be ver ⁇ prevented also in groups to form multiple sub-cages.
  • two nested part cages can be formed by a first part cage is formed in the direction of rotation from each second longitudinal bar and from the other remaining longitudinal bars a second part cage is formed.
  • An advantage of such configuration may include the fact that for each of these sub cages a higher slope of the longitudinal bars being ⁇ forms can be.
  • adjacent longitudinal bars may each be electrically conductively connected in pairs in the form of a closed loop in pairs at both ends.
  • These pairs of longitudinal bars which belong to one another in this way, are therefore connected, for example, at the two opposite axial ends via connection segments, so that a closed coil le is formed.
  • Such an arrangement of rotor coils for the asynchronous mode of operation is similar to the coils of a slip ring rotor in a conventional asynchronous machine.
  • the individual coils can each be connected via sliding contacts with an external circuit.
  • a damper screen made of an electrically conductive and non-magnetic material can be arranged in the radial gap between rotor core and rotor shell.
  • a damper screen can advantageously have the shape of a cylinder jacket.
  • the induction of currents from the electrical conductors in the rotor shell into the electrical coil winding of the inner rotor is advantageously reduced.
  • the damper screen may be, for example, a hollow cylinder of copper or aluminum or alloys of these metals.
  • the damper shield can be particularly advantageously a component of this vacuum container.
  • the electrical machine can have both an operating mode as a synchronous machine and an operating mode as an asynchronous ⁇ machine.
  • the configuration of the Läu ⁇ fers described with an electrical coil winding in a radially inner region and electrically interconnected slats in a radially outer area is suitable particularly advantageous to both of these alternatively ⁇ ven operation modes in the same electric machine made ⁇ union.
  • the electric machine can be configured without a separate starting motor and / or without starting converter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of an electrical machine according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of an electric machine according to a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section of a rotor shell according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of a purge jacket according to a fourth exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of a Läu ⁇ fermantels according to a fifth embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic longitudinal section of an electrical
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross section of an electric machine 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. Shown is a section of a hollow cylindrical stator 3 with a bore diameter 39, in the cavity of a rotor 5 is arranged.
  • the rotor has an inner rotor core 7, on which an arrangement of a plurality of stacked electrical coil windings 9 is attached in this example. These electrical coil windings 9 form the excitation winding of the electric machine 1 and are in the considered embodiment as superconducting
  • Coil windings here based on a ceramic high-temperature superconductor executed. They serve in this example to form a bipolar magnetic field whose Course within the rotor core with the arrow 11 symboli ⁇ Siert.
  • the two poles of the magnetic field lie in the upper and lower regions of the rotor core 7 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the rotor core 7 with the superconductive coil windings 9 arranged thereon forms the overall cylindrical inner rotor.
  • This inner rotor is surrounded by a rotor shell 13, which has a hollow cylindrical basic shape.
  • the q-plane-the hollow body of the rotor shell 13 has two diametrically opposite recesses 21 which are located in FIG extend this example as grooves in the axial direction over the length of the rotor shell 13.
  • the grooves are open and not filled with another solid.
  • a narrow inner gap 35 is arranged in the example shown, which facilitates the assembly of the inner rotor in the rotor shell 13 he ⁇ .
  • This gap is only 1 mm wide, so that the Läu ⁇ fermantel is very tightly guided around the inner rotor.
  • At its two axial end faces it is mechanically connected to the inner rotor so that in synchronism with this at home nenraum of the stator 3 around the central axis of rotation 11 ro ⁇ advantage.
  • an outer gap 37 which is filled in this example with air.
  • the rotor shell 13 is formed of a soft magnetic material, in this example of a magnetic iron alloy.
  • the radial flow component denoted by the arrow 31 in FIG. 1 is reinforced by the high permeability of the jacket material.
  • This radi ⁇ ale component 31 is called in the field of the air gap 37 as a useful flux.
  • this radial component 31 continues and occurs there in electromagnetic see interaction with arranged on the stator 3 further electrical coil windings. Also in the upper part of FIG. 1 results here too arrow analog and equal ⁇ directed flow 31 component which is the sake of clarity not shown.
  • the electrical machine For the operation of the electrical machine, it is in front ⁇ geous to produce the highest possible radial component 31 of the likes ⁇ netic flux. It is unfavorable is when ⁇ magnetic short circuit path can be formed in the material of the rotor casing 13, a 33rd To this short-circuit portion 33 to reduce possible of the rotor casing in äquato ⁇ rialen area between the two poles is provided with the two opposite recesses 21, therefore, the see as amagneti- work interruptions.
  • the depth 23 of the recesses is advantageously more than half the nominal thickness 15 of the rotor shell so that the short circuit portion 33 of the magneti flux ⁇ rule is actually reduced significantly.
  • the width of the recesses 25 in the example shown is greater than the radial depth 23. For a two pole machine ent ⁇ the width of the recesses 25 speaks advantageously approximately to the height of the coil windings.
  • the outer diameter of the inner rotor is reduced relative to the bore diameter 39 of the stator 3, which leads to a reduction of the centrifugal forces in the region of the electrical coil windings 9.
  • the soft magnetic material of the rotor jacket 13 and the off ⁇ tion with equatorial recesses 21 is used to generate a strong excitation magnet ⁇ field at the location of the stand despite this decoupling.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross section of an electric machine 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. Similar to FIG. 1, a stand 3 with rotor 5 arranged therein is again shown, the rotor having an inner rotor core 7 and a rotor shell 13 surrounding it.
  • the other analog Comp ⁇ components are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the rotor shell 13 is composed of a substantially hollow cylindrical body of axially stacked soft magnetic iron sheets.
  • the individual iron sheets are each provided with eight radially outwardly open recesses, which together form elongated grooves 26 over the sheet stack.
  • longitudinal bars 28 are arranged, which are formed of a non-magnetic, electrically conductive material, for example copper or aluminum. As described below, these longitudinal bars 28 may be electrically connected to one another at the axial end regions of the rotor 5 in different ways. In any case, such connections produce superordinate conductor loops which enable an asynchronous operating mode of the electric machine 1.
  • two additional recesses 21 are on the inside of the Läu ⁇ fermantels 13 similar to FIG. 2 formed.
  • These recesses 21 are Ausneh ⁇ ments in the soft magnetic material of the rotor shell 13.
  • they are each filled with a filling ⁇ ment 22 of non-magnetic material, for example with an amagnetic steel.
  • two of the grooves 26 for the longitudinal bars 28 are arranged in the region of the q-plane 29, so ⁇ within that plane on each side only a ge ⁇ rings remaining thickness 15a of the soft magnetic material of the Läu- fermantels 13 results.
  • the magnetic short ⁇ path 33 in the rotor shell 13 is largely suppressed.
  • the eight longitudinal bars shown in FIG. 2 are only to be understood as examples. Under certain circumstances, there may also be a significantly higher number of longitudinal bars, for example between 10 and 50 longitudinal bars.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section of a rotor armature 13 according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • This rotor shell 13 is part of an electrical machine, which is constructed similar to FIG. 1.
  • a two-pole magnetic field is equal oriented 27 gener- ates in the interior of the rotor shell 13 by an inner Läu ⁇ fer.
  • the cross section shown are six by way of example
  • Longitudinal rods 28 is shown, which here each have a somewhat on ⁇ wteilere cross-sectional shape than the relatively simple round bars in Fig. 2.
  • the longitudinal rods 28 in this case have each ⁇ wells a radially outer, upper rod 28a, a radially inner sub-rod 28b, and a these two Tei ⁇ le connecting Streusteg 28 c on.
  • the longitudinal ⁇ rods 28 are formed in grooves 26 of the rotor shell 13. Its radial height is more than half of the nominal thickness 15 of the rotor shell 13, so that only a small residual thickness 15a remains in the region of the equatorial q-plane.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of a rotor shell 13 having a plurality of longitudinal rods 28, the un ⁇ behind the other are connected by two end rings 40a connecting to a higher-level short-circuit cage.
  • the Function of this squirrel cage asynchronous Tromo ⁇ dus of the engine 1 is analogous to the known squirrel-cage rotors in conventional asynchronous machines. Again, these are the
  • Longitudinal bars 28 are arranged in grooves 26 of the soft magnetic material of the rotor shell 13. As shown here, the connecting rings 40a can still be arranged axially in the region of the rotor jacket , or they can alternatively be arranged axially outside the hollow cylindrical carrier structure. In the example shown, the longitudinal bars 28 are not aligned exactly parallel to the axis of rotation 11, but they are arranged at a slight angle in a single-beveled configuration.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of a rotor shell 13 according to an alternative embodiment ⁇ example of the invention.
  • adjacent longitudinal bars 28 are each connected in pairs via end-side connecting segments 40b to closed conductor loops.
  • these conductor loops can each be connected via slip rings with a äuße ⁇ Ren circuit. In the asynchronous operating mode, a current flow can then take place via these slip ring connections, which then largely comes to a standstill in the synchronous operating mode of the machine 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an electrical machine 1 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. Shown is a stationary stator outer housing 41, in which the stator windings 43 are arranged on the inside of a hollow cylinder. Within this stator there is a rotor 5 rotatably mounted on a rotor shaft 45 with bearings 47.
  • the rotor 5 comprises a soft-magnetic rotor core 7 on which superconducting coil windings 9 are arranged as field windings of the machine.
  • the inner rotor formed of rotor core 7 and coil windings 9 is arranged in an inner vacuum tank 49. net, in which a vacuum V is present during operation of the machine.
  • This vacuum V serves to thermally insulate the overall inner rotor at a cryogenic temperature level from its warm environment.
  • the inner rotor is mechanically connected to the rotor shaft 45 with thermally poorly conducting connecting elements 53, so that a high temperature gradient can also be maintained via these connections.
  • the rotor shaft 45 is me ⁇ mechanically connected by side members 51 fixed to the inner vacuum vessel 49, so that this vacuum container rotates synchronously with the rotor shaft 45 and the inner rotor.
  • the rotor shell 13 has, similarly to the previous examples, longitudinal conductors 28 (not shown here) for the asynchronous operating mode. Especially in asynchronous mode created in Läu ⁇ fermantel 13 a heat input by electrical losses in the longitudinal rods 28.
  • the inner vacuum vessel 49 of this range thermally sufficiently insulated from the inner race.
  • the cylindrical outer wall 57 of the inner Vakuumbe ⁇ container simultaneously fulfills the function of a Dämp ⁇ ferles between the inner rotor and rotor shell 13th
  • the firm connection with the vacuum vessel 49 and the rotor shell 13 rotates synchronously with the other Bestandtei ⁇ len of the rotor 5.
  • the inner rotor is cooled by the interior of the rotor shaft 45 circulating coolant 55th It is thus cooled with the superconducting coil windings 9 and the rotor core 7 to a temperature close to the operating temperature of the superconductor of the ge ⁇ entire inner rotor.
  • the rotor shell 13 as ⁇ against is outside the thermally insulating vacuum vessel 49 and is therefore maintained at a significantly higher temperature level close to the warm ambient temperature.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Moteur électrique comprenant un stator et un rotor logé rotatif autour d'un axe de rotation. Le rotor comporte un noyau interne doté d'au moins un enroulement électrique. Le noyau de rotor et l'enroulement sont entourés radialement par un gainage de rotor externe présentant une pluralité de tiges longitudinales électriquement conductrices, reliées de façon électriquement conductrice au moins partiellement sur leurs zones terminales axiales.
PCT/EP2015/063788 2014-06-24 2015-06-19 Moteur électrique WO2015197477A1 (fr)

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DE102014212035.7A DE102014212035A1 (de) 2014-06-24 2014-06-24 Elektrische Maschine
DE102014212035.7 2014-06-24

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WO2015197477A1 true WO2015197477A1 (fr) 2015-12-30

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DE102018208368A1 (de) * 2018-05-28 2019-11-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor und Maschine mit zylinderförmigem Tragkörper

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US3742265A (en) * 1972-05-25 1973-06-26 Massachusetts Inst Technology Superconducting apparatus with double armature structure
GB1453784A (en) * 1973-01-29 1976-10-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Dynamoelectric machine
JPH09327159A (ja) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-16 Hitachi Ltd 誘導機および誘導機システム
EP1347560A1 (fr) * 2000-12-27 2003-09-24 Hitachi, Ltd. Machine dynamo-electrique
EP2523322A2 (fr) * 2011-05-12 2012-11-14 Rolls-Royce plc Machine électrique supraconductrice

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JP2586218B2 (ja) 1990-12-07 1997-02-26 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の制御装置
US7453174B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2008-11-18 American Superconductor Corporation Superconducting electric motor
KR20090038113A (ko) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-20 송길봉 전동기
US8664809B2 (en) 2011-03-15 2014-03-04 Siemens Energy, Inc. Apparatus to support superconducting windings in a rotor of an electromotive machine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3742265A (en) * 1972-05-25 1973-06-26 Massachusetts Inst Technology Superconducting apparatus with double armature structure
GB1453784A (en) * 1973-01-29 1976-10-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Dynamoelectric machine
JPH09327159A (ja) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-16 Hitachi Ltd 誘導機および誘導機システム
EP1347560A1 (fr) * 2000-12-27 2003-09-24 Hitachi, Ltd. Machine dynamo-electrique
EP2523322A2 (fr) * 2011-05-12 2012-11-14 Rolls-Royce plc Machine électrique supraconductrice

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