WO2015196869A1 - 一种多级冲动式汽轮机的机内蒸汽再热器 - Google Patents

一种多级冲动式汽轮机的机内蒸汽再热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015196869A1
WO2015196869A1 PCT/CN2015/078336 CN2015078336W WO2015196869A1 WO 2015196869 A1 WO2015196869 A1 WO 2015196869A1 CN 2015078336 W CN2015078336 W CN 2015078336W WO 2015196869 A1 WO2015196869 A1 WO 2015196869A1
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steam
reheater
semicircular
header
turbine
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PCT/CN2015/078336
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何兆红
曾志勇
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北京越麓咨询有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2015196869A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015196869A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters

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  • the invention belongs to the field of multi-stage impulse steam turbines, and particularly relates to a steam reheater for performing internal dehumidification and reheating of saturated steam.
  • the Chinese invention patent "multi-stage impulsive steam turbine for internal dehumidification and reheating" (ZL200510034193.3) discloses an internal interstage steam reheater in a cylinder of a steam turbine, the reheater being composed of two left and right half rings.
  • the reheater uses the new steam drawn from the main steam pipe as the heat source of the reheater, and heats the main steam which is expanded and depressurized to be dry and saturated steam, but since the basic structure of the steam turbine is divided up and down . Therefore, the following problems exist:
  • the left and right half reheaters are semi-annular, and the lower end has a mounting seat, like a knife-down boring tool, can only be moved by a crane and moved parallel through the arc formed by the lower cylinder and the rotor. Shaped channel.
  • the width of the reheater's toroid must be significantly smaller than the width of the arcuate passage formed by the lower cylinder and the rotor. This means that the annular flow area of the reheater can only be much smaller than the available area in the cylinder, and it is estimated that only 30% of the available area can be utilized. This will result in excessive steam flow through the reheater and excessive resistance, thereby reducing the internal efficiency of the turbine. The greater the power of the unit, the more obvious this disadvantage.
  • the reduction of the flow area of the reheater also causes a decrease in the heat exchange area per unit length.
  • it can only increase the length of the reheater. This aspect will lead to an increase in the length of the entire steam turbine, an increase in the cost, and even worse, the airflow resistance of the reheater will be further increased. The internal efficiency is further reduced.
  • the invention has to directly use the new steam on the main steam pipe as a reheat heat source to increase the heat exchange temperature difference, which causes waste of steam grade and reduces overall power generation efficiency.
  • the invention provides an internal steam reheater of a multi-stage impulsive steam turbine with an upper and lower splitting according to the shortcomings of the structure of the dehumidification and reheating device in the steam turbine.
  • the specific technical scheme is as follows:
  • An internal steam reheater for a multi-stage impulsive steam turbine comprising: one or several steam reheaters disposed between the turbine stages, the steam inlet of the steam reheater passing through the inlet pipe and its front stage front side or The steam outlets on the front side of the first few stages are connected.
  • the in-machine steam reheater includes an upper semicircular reheater and a lower semicircular reheater surrounding the main shaft of the steam turbine, and the connecting faces of the upper and lower semicircular reheaters are on a horizontal plane passing through the center line of the steam turbine;
  • the semicircular reheater comprises an upper semicircular outer casing, an upper semicircular inner casing, an upper semicircular heating pipe group between the inner and outer casings, a heating tube located at the connecting surface and the upper semicircle, an outer casing and an upper semicircle The upper left header and the upper right header of the group are connected;
  • the lower semicircular reheater comprises a lower semicircular outer casing, a lower semicircular inner casing, and a lower semicircular heating pipe group between the inner and outer casings.
  • the bottom of the lower semicircular outer casing is provided with a mounting seat, and the reheater is fixed on the mounting plate of the lower cylinder of the steam turbine through the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is provided with a passage a steam inlet port and a condensate drain port outside the cylinder.
  • the two end faces of the upper and lower semicircular outer casings of the steam reheater are slidably coupled with the two sides of the mounting groove of the steam turbine cylinder, and the outlet end faces of the upper and lower semicircular inner casings are adjacent to the next turbine stage.
  • the partition is in contact with the connection.
  • the connecting portion of the upper right header and the lower right header, the upper left header and the lower left header are disposed on a side of the header adjacent to the cylinder wall, on the upper right a connecting portion of the header and the lower right header, a connecting portion of the upper left header and the lower left header, correspondingly providing a plurality of apertures through which steam and condensate pass, and a sealing flange is disposed around the aperture;
  • a connecting hole of the right connecting box and a connecting portion of the upper left connecting box are provided with a plurality of bolt through holes, and a plurality of inner screw holes are arranged in the connecting portion of the lower right connecting box and the connecting portion of the lower left connecting box, and the upper and lower half headers are passed through Bolted to the connection.
  • the heating tubes of the upper semicircle and the lower semicircular heating tube group are elliptical tubes, and the long axis of the ellipse is parallel to the direction of the main steam flow in the steam turbine. Fins are provided on the elliptical tube.
  • the invention solves the problem that the structure of the existing left and right split annular reheater is incompatible with the typical structure of the steam turbine, and the proposed upper and lower split reheater structure fully utilizes the space inside the cylinder of the steam turbine and uses the pre-stage pumping As a reheater heat source, steam not only simplifies the reheater installation process, achieves energy saving and consumption reduction, but also improves the reheater working capacity and improves the performance of the saturated steam turbine, so it is especially suitable for high-power steam turbines.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an in-machine dehumidification steam turbine system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the steam reheater of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steam reheater of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the upper and lower headers in FIG.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an internal dehumidification and reheat steam turbine system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the steam turbine is a seven-stage impulsive steam turbine, each stage comprising a stationary blade cascade and a moving blade cascade, steam is directly sent from the main steam line 1 to the steam turbine 2, and the steam reheater 3 is disposed adjacent to the steam turbine.
  • the steam introduction port 4.1 of the steam reheater 3 is connected by the steam introduction pipe 4 to the steam outlet port 4.2 of the front stage of the third stage 2.3 which is the previous stage of the fourth stage.
  • the figure shows the reheating in the first stage, that is, only one steam reheater is provided. If necessary, several, for example two or three, steam reheaters can be placed in the turbine.
  • the condensed water of the steam reheater is connected to the steam trap 6 and the flasher 7 through the condensed water discharge port 5.1 and the drain pipe 5.
  • the flashed low-pressure steam enters the steam turbine stage behind the steam reheater through the steam pipe 8, flashing
  • the drain of the steamer enters the condenser 10 through the water pipe 9.
  • the working process of the system is to introduce a steam from the front stage 2.3 of the steam reheater 3 through the steam inlet pipe 4 to introduce the steam into the heating pipe group of the steam reheater 3, the steam passing through the heating pipe group
  • the condensed water generated after the heat exchange of the main steam stream outside the group enters the steam trap 6 and the flasher 7 through the drain pipe 5, and the flashed low-pressure steam passes through the steam pipe 9 to enter the steam turbine stage behind the steam reheater to further expand work.
  • the condensed water in the flasher 7 is returned to the condenser 10 through the water pipe 9 for recycling.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the steam reheater of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the steam reheater of the present invention.
  • the reheater includes an upper semicircular outer casing 3.10, an upper semicircular inner casing 3.11, an upper semicircular heating pipe group 3.12 located between the inner and outer casings, and the upper semicircle, the outer casing and the upper semicircle at the connecting surface.
  • the lower semicircular reheater comprises a lower semicircular outer casing 3.20 and a lower semicircular inner casing 3.21, located between the inner and outer casings a semicircular heating tube group 3.22, a lower left header 3.24 and a lower right header 3.23 connected to the end of the lower semicircle, the outer casing and the lower semicircular heating tube group at the joint surface; the upper and lower semicircles are heated
  • the tube set is connected to the upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right headers;
  • the bottom of the lower semicircular outer casing 3.20 is provided with a mounting seat 11 fixed on the mounting plate 12 of the lower cylinder of the steam turbine.
  • a steam inlet to the outside of the cylinder is provided on the mount 4.1 Condensate outlet 5.1.
  • the two end faces of the upper and lower semicircular outer casings of the steam reheater are slidably coupled with the two sides of the mounting groove 2.2 of the steam turbine cylinder casing 2.1, and the outlet end faces of the upper and lower semicircular inner casings are adjacent to each other.
  • a steam turbine-grade baffle 2.50 is connected in contact so that the main steam flow does not leak when passing through the reheater.
  • the above steam reheater structure of the invention conforms to the structural characteristics of the steam turbine, and greatly facilitates the installation of the steam reheater. More importantly, this structure allows the reheater to make full use of the internal space of the turbine cylinder, so that the utilization ratio of the available area in the cylinder is more than 80%, which greatly increases the steam flow area and heat exchange area of the reheater. Since the reheater has a sufficiently large heat exchange area, it is possible to dispense with the new steam in the main steam pipe, and it is sufficient to use the pre-stage extraction steam that has been subjected to the work in the steam turbine as the reheat heat source.
  • the invention changes the left and right split reheater structure into an upper and a lower split structure.
  • the upper and lower halves form a whole garden whose joint surface is on the horizontal plane passing through the center line of the steam turbine.
  • Such a structure is compatible with the basic structure of the steam turbine, and the reheater can fully utilize the annular space in the cylinder, and the flow capacity and heat exchange capacity of the reheater are greatly improved, and the internal reheating requirement of the large steam turbine can be fully satisfied.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the upper and lower headers in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4.
  • the connection portion of the upper right header 3.13 and the lower right header 3.23, the upper left header 3.14 and the lower left header 3.24 are disposed in the header and the cylinder casing 2.1.
  • a plurality of orifices through which steam and condensate pass are provided correspondingly at the connection portion of the upper right header 3.13 and the lower right header 3.23, the upper left header 3.14 and the lower left header 3.24. 13.
  • a sealing flange 14 is arranged around the orifice; a connecting hole of the bolt 15 is arranged at the connecting portion of the upper right header 3.13 and the connecting portion of the upper left header 3.14, and the connecting portion of the lower right header is below
  • the connecting portion of the left header is correspondingly provided with a plurality of inner screw holes 15.1, and the upper and lower half headers are fixedly connected by bolts 15.
  • the sealing flange 14 is made of a finely ground sealing surface to ensure the sealing at the joint surface and to ensure the dimensional stability. It can be seen from the above connection structure that since the steam passes through the orifice 13, and the area of the orifice is only about 120 square centimeters, and the use of low pressure steam, the pressing force of the required fastening bolt can be Significantly reduced, only about 1% of conventional fastening bolts. Such a configuration also places the bolt 15 near the edge of the cylinder wall 2.1 and thus does not form an obstruction to the main steam flow passage.
  • the flow path of the steam and the condensed water in the reheater heating tube group is: the steam extraction of the front stage of the steam turbine is entered into the lower semicircular heating tube group 3.22 by the steam introduction port 4.1 of the reheater, and then enters the lower right header. 3.23, then enter the upper right header 3.13 from the opening 13 of the connection between the upper and lower headers, then enter the upper semi-circular heating tube group 3.12, and then enter the upper left header 3.14, and then the connection between the upper and lower headers The orifice 13 enters the lower left header 3.24, and then the condensed water generated during the heat exchange is discharged from the condensate discharge port 5.1 through the lower semicircular heating tube group 3.22.
  • the heating tubes of the upper semicircle and the lower semicircular heating tube group are elliptical tubes 3.01, the elliptical long axis and the main steam flow in the steam turbine.
  • the directions are parallel.
  • the elliptical tube is equal in heat exchange area compared to the circular tube Under the condition, the main steam flow area can be increased by about 50%, and the air flow resistance of the reheater can be further reduced.
  • a fin 3.02 is provided on the elliptical tube to further increase the heat exchange area.
  • the technical solution of the upper and lower split reheater proposed by the present invention fully utilizes the space inside the cylinder of the steam turbine and uses the pre-stage extraction steam as the heat source of the reheater, which not only simplifies the installation process of the reheater, but also realizes energy saving and consumption reduction. Moreover, it improves the working capacity of the reheater and improves the performance of the saturated steam turbine, so it is especially suitable for high-power steam turbines.

Abstract

一种多级冲动式汽轮机的机内蒸汽再热器，包括在汽轮机级之间设置一个或若干个蒸汽再热器（3），该蒸汽再热器的蒸汽引入口（4.1）通过引汽管（4）与其前一级前侧或前若干级前侧的蒸汽引出口（4.2）连接，该蒸汽再热器还包括通过上、下联箱（3.13，3.14，3.24，3.23）连通的上半圆再热器和下半圆再热器，在上、下联箱的连接面处上下对应设置供蒸汽和冷凝水通过的若干孔口（13），该具有上下剖分结构的蒸汽再热器充分利用汽轮机汽缸内空间并使用前级抽汽作为再热器热源，提高了再热器工作能力，改善了饱和蒸汽汽轮机的性能。

Description

一种多级冲动式汽轮机的机内蒸汽再热器 技术领域
本发明属于多级冲动式汽轮机领域，具体涉及一种对饱和蒸汽进行机内除湿和再热的蒸汽再热器。
背景技术
在工业生产过程中，经常会副产大量的饱和蒸汽。饱和蒸汽不能直接用于发电，否则会造成汽轮机末级叶片的水蚀破坏。为防止汽轮机叶片发生水蚀事故，一个最有效的方法是对蒸汽进行再热，降低蒸汽的湿度。蒸汽的再热可以在锅炉中进行，也可以在再热器中进行。再热器可以放在汽轮机外面，也可以放在汽轮机的汽缸里面。
中国发明专利“机内除湿再热的多级冲动式汽轮机”(ZL200510034193.3)公开了一种汽轮机汽缸内的机内级间蒸汽再热器，该再热器由左右两半环组成。该再热器使用从主蒸汽管上引出的新蒸汽作为再热器的热源，把膨胀做功降压降温变湿的主流蒸汽加热成干饱和蒸汽，但由于汽轮机的基本结构型式是上下剖分的。因此存在以下问题：
第一、由于左、右半再热器为半环形结构，下端还有安装座，像一把刀把向下的镰刀，只能由吊车吊着平行移动穿过由下汽缸和转子构成的圆弧形通道。要通过该通道则再热器圆环形的宽度必须显著小于下汽缸和转子构成的弧形通道的宽度。这意味着再热器的环形通流面积只能大大小于汽缸中的可利用面积，估计只能利用30％的可利用面积。这将导致通过再热器的蒸汽流速过高，阻力过大，从而降低汽轮机的内效率。机组的功率越大，这个缺点越明显。
第二、再热器通流面积缩小也造成了单位长度中换热面积的降低。为了使再热器有足够的换热面积，只能增加再热器的长度，这一方面将导致整个汽轮机长度增加，造价增加，更糟的是再热器的气流阻力也将进一步增高，汽轮机内效率进一步下降。
第三、由于换热面积不够，该发明不得不直接使用主蒸汽管上的新蒸汽作为再热热源，以提高换热温差，这造成了蒸汽品位的浪费，降低了整体的发电效率。
发明内容
本发明针对上述汽轮机机内除湿再热装置结构上存在的缺点提出一种上下剖分的多级冲动式汽轮机的机内蒸汽再热器，具体技术方案如下：
一种多级冲动式汽轮机的机内蒸汽再热器，包括在汽轮机级之间设置一个或若干个蒸汽再热器，该蒸汽再热器的蒸汽入口通过引汽管与其前一级前侧或前若干级前侧的蒸汽引出口连接。
具体地，所述的机内蒸汽再热器包括包围着汽轮机主轴的上半圆再热器和下半圆再热器，上、下半圆再热器的连接面处于通过汽轮机中心线的水平面上；上半圆再热器包括上半圆外壳体、上半圆内壳体、位于所述内、外壳体之间的上半圆加热管组、位于所述连接面处与上半圆内、外壳体和上半圆加热管组的端部连接的上左联箱、上右联箱；下半圆再热器包括下半圆外壳体、下半圆内壳体，位于所述内、外壳体之间的下半圆加热管组，位于所述连接面处与下半圆内、外壳体和下半圆加热管组的端部连接的下左联箱、下右联箱；所述的上、下半圆加热管组与所述的上左、上右、下左、下右联箱连通；所述的下半圆外壳体底部设有安装座，再热器通过安装座固定在汽轮机下汽缸的安装板上，所述安装座上设置有通往汽缸外的蒸汽引入口和冷凝水排出口。所述蒸汽再热器的上、下半圆外壳体的两端面与汽轮机汽缸的安装槽的两侧面为滑动配合连接，所述的上、下半圆内壳体的出口端面与相邻下一汽轮机级的隔板接触连接。
进一步地，所述的上右联箱和下右联箱的连接部、上左联箱和下左联箱的连接部设置在联箱与汽缸壁相邻的一侧，在所述的上右联箱和下右联箱的连接部、上左联箱和下左联箱的连接部对应设置供蒸汽和冷凝水通过的若干孔口，在孔口周围设置密封凸缘；在所述的上右联箱的连接部位、上左联箱的连接部位设置若干螺栓的通孔，在下右联箱的连接部位、下左联箱的连接部位对应设置若干内螺孔，上、下半联箱通过螺栓固定连接。
所述的上半圆和下半圆加热管组的加热管为椭圆形管，所述椭圆的长轴与汽轮机内主蒸汽流的方向平行。在所述的椭圆形管上设置翅片。
本发明解决了现有的左右剖分的环形再热器的结构与汽轮机的典型结构不相容的问题，所提出的上下剖分的再热器结构充分利用汽轮机汽缸内空间并使用前级抽汽作为再热器热源，不但简化了再热器的安装工艺、实现了节能降耗，而且提高了再热器工作能力，改善了饱和蒸汽汽轮机的性能，因此特别适用于大功率汽轮机。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明的机内除湿汽轮机系统示意图。
图2为图1中蒸汽再热器的局部放大示意图。
图3为本发明的蒸汽再热器横截面示意图。
图4为图3中上、下联箱的连接结构示意图。
图5为图4的A-A剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
图1所示为本发明实施例的机内除湿再热汽轮机系统示意图。如图所示，该汽轮机为七级冲动式汽轮机，每级包括静叶栅和动叶栅，蒸汽由主蒸汽管路1直接送入汽轮机2，蒸汽再热器3设置在汽轮机内相邻的第四级2.4与第五级2.5之间，蒸汽再热器3的蒸汽引入口4.1通过引汽管4与第四级的前一级即第三级2.3的前侧的蒸汽引出口4.2连接。图中所示为一级机内再热，即只设置一个蒸汽再热器。必要时，也可以在汽轮机内设置若干个如两个或三个蒸汽再热器。
所述蒸汽再热器的冷凝水通过冷凝水排出口5.1和排水管5连接疏水阀6和闪蒸器7，闪蒸出的低压蒸汽通过蒸汽管8进入处于蒸汽再热器后面的汽轮机级，闪蒸器的排水通过水管9进入冷凝器10。
该系统的工作过程是，从蒸汽再热器3的前一级2.3之前引出一股蒸汽通过引汽管4将蒸汽引入蒸汽再热器3的加热管组，该蒸汽在加热管组内经与管组外的主蒸汽流换热后产生的冷凝水通过排水管5进入疏水阀6和闪蒸器7，闪蒸出的低压蒸汽通过蒸汽管9进入处于蒸汽再热器后面的汽轮机级进一步膨胀做功，以进一步提高该系统的发电效率，闪蒸器7内的冷凝水则经过水管9进入冷凝器10回收利用。
图2为图1中蒸汽再热器的局部放大示意图，图3为本发明的蒸汽再热器横截面示意图。如图2和图3所示，包括包围着汽轮机主轴2.0的上半圆再热器和下半圆再热器，上、下半圆再热器的连接面处于通过汽轮机2中心线的水平面上；上半圆再热器包括上半圆外壳体3.10、上半圆内壳体3.11、位于所述内、外壳体之间的上半圆加热管组3.12、位于所述连接面处与上半圆内、外壳体和上半圆加热管组的端部连接的上左联箱3.13、上右联箱3.14；下半圆再热器包括下半圆外壳体3.20、下半圆内壳体3.21，位于所述内、外壳体之间的下半圆加热管组3.22，位于所述连接面处与下半圆内、外壳体和下半圆加热管组的端部连接的下左联箱3.24、下右联箱3.23；所述的上、下半圆加热管组与所述的上左、上右、下左、下右联箱连通；所述的下半圆外壳体3.20底部设有安装座11，所述安装座固定在汽轮机下汽缸的安装板12上，在安装座上设置有通往汽缸外的蒸汽引入口4.1和冷凝水排出口5.1。
所述蒸汽再热器的上、下半圆外壳体的两端面与汽轮机汽缸壳2.1的安装槽2.2的两侧面为滑动配合连接，所述的上、下半圆内壳体的出口端面与相邻下一汽轮机级的隔板2.50接触连接，使主蒸汽流通过再热器时不会外泄。
本发明的上述的蒸汽再热器结构符合汽轮机结构特点，大大方便了蒸汽再热器的安装。更重要的是这种结构使再热器可以充分利用汽轮机汽缸的内部空间，使对汽缸中的可利用面积的利用比达到80％以上,大大增加再热器的蒸汽流通面积和换热面积。由于再热器有足够大的换热面积，因此可以不使用主蒸汽管中的新蒸汽，而只要使用在汽轮机中做过功的前级抽汽作为再热热源就足够了。这样做符合能源梯级利用的原则，可进一步提高汽轮机的热效率，同时也减少了再热器加热管内外的蒸汽压差。因为原有的左右剖分的结构的加热管内采用的是高压的新蒸汽，而本发明的上下剖分结构的加热管中采用低压的级间抽汽，因此压差较小，使上下剖分的再热器结构的安全性得到进一步的提高。本发明把左、右剖分的再热器结构改成上、下剖分的结构。上下两半圆环组成一个整园，其结合面在通过汽轮机中心线的水平面上。这样的结构与汽轮机的基本结构相互兼容，再热器能充分利用汽缸中的环形空间，再热器的通流能力和换热能力大大提高，能充分满足大型汽轮机的机内再热要求。
由于上下剖分的结构造成了左右两个水平结合面，其结合面积分别达到0.5平方米左右。因为结合力＝结合面面积×蒸汽压力，当蒸汽压力为3MPa时，则单个水平结合面的结合力将大于150吨。在这样狭小的空间中要安排下这么大强度的紧固结构是很困难的，甚至会因占用空间过大而抵消了水平剖分结构的好处。因此特设计了如下特殊的联箱连接结构。
图4为图3中的上、下联箱的连接结构示意图，图5为图4的A-A剖面示意图。如图4和图5所示，所述的上右联箱3.13和下右联箱3.23的连接部、上左联箱3.14和下左联箱3.24的连接部设置在联箱与汽缸壳2.1相邻的一侧，在所述的上右联箱3.13和下右联箱3.23的连接部、上左联箱3.14和下左联箱3.24的连接部对应设置供蒸汽和冷凝水通过的若干孔口13，在孔口周围设置密封凸缘14；在所述的上右联箱3.13的连接部位、上左联箱3.14的连接部位设置若干螺栓15的通孔，在下右联箱的连接部位、下左联箱的连接部位对应设置若干内螺孔15.1，上、下半联箱通过螺栓15固定连接。
密封凸缘14采用精磨刚性密封面，既可以保证连接面处的密封性，也可以保证其尺寸的稳定性。从上述的连接结构可以看出，由于蒸汽是从孔口13处通过，而孔口的面积仅为120平方厘米左右，再加上使用低压蒸汽，因此所需的紧固螺栓的压紧力可以大幅度下降，只有常规紧固螺栓的1％左右。这样的结构还使螺栓15处在靠近气缸壁2.1的边缘位置，因此不会对主蒸汽流通道形成阻碍。
采用上述结构，在再热器加热管组中蒸汽和冷凝水的流动路径为：汽轮机的前级抽汽由再热器的蒸汽引入口4.1进入下半圆加热管组3.22，然后进入下右联箱3.23，再由上、下联箱的连接处的孔口13进入上右联箱3.13，然后进入上半圆加热管组3.12，再进入到上左联箱3.14，再由上、下联箱的连接处的孔口13进入下左联箱3.24，然后通过下半圆加热管组3.22使在换热过程中产生的冷凝水从冷凝水排出口5.1排出。
为进一步加强换热效果，提高汽轮机的发电效率，如图5所示，所述的上半圆和下半圆加热管组的加热管为椭圆形管3.01，椭圆的长轴与汽轮机内主蒸汽流的方向平行。椭圆管相比于圆形管，在换热面积相等 的条件下，可增加50％左右的主蒸汽通流面积，并进一步降低再热器的气流阻力。在所述的椭圆形管上设置翅片3.02，以进一步加大换热面积。
总之，本发明提出的上下剖分的再热器的技术方案，充分利用汽轮机汽缸内空间并使用前级抽汽作为再热器热源，不但简化了再热器的安装工艺、实现了节能降耗，而且提高了再热器工作能力，改善了饱和蒸汽汽轮机的性能，因此特别适用于大功率汽轮机。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种多级冲动式汽轮机的机内蒸汽再热器，包括在汽轮机级之间设置一个或若干个蒸汽再热器，其特征是，设置在汽轮机某相邻级之间的蒸汽再热器的蒸汽入口通过引汽管与其前一级前侧或前若干级前侧的蒸汽引出口连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的机内蒸汽再热器，其特征是，所述的机内蒸汽再热器包括包围着汽轮机主轴的上半圆再热器和下半圆再热器，上、下半圆再热器的连接面处于通过汽轮机中心线的水平面上；上半圆再热器包括上半圆外壳体、上半圆内壳体、位于所述内、外壳体之间的上半圆加热管组、位于所述连接面处与上半圆内、外壳体和上半圆加热管组的端部连接的上左联箱、上右联箱；下半圆再热器包括下半圆外壳体、下半圆内壳体，位于所述内、外壳体之间的下半圆加热管组，位于所述连接面处与下半圆内、外壳体和下半圆加热管组的端部连接的下左联箱、下右联箱；所述的上、下半圆加热管组与所述的上左、上右、下左、下右联箱连通；所述的下半圆外壳体底部设有安装座，再热器通过安装座固定在汽轮机下汽缸的安装板上，在安装座上设置有通往汽缸外的蒸汽引入口和冷凝水排出口。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的机内蒸汽再热器，其特征是，所述蒸汽再热器的上、下半圆外壳体的两端面与汽轮机汽缸的安装槽的两侧面为滑动配合连接，所述的上、下半圆内壳体的出口端面与相邻下一汽轮机级的隔板接触连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的机内蒸汽再热器，其特征是，所述的上右联箱和下右联箱的连接部、上左联箱和下左联箱的连接部设置在联箱与汽缸壁相邻的一侧，在所述的上右联箱和下右联箱的连接部、上左联箱和下左联箱的连接部对应设置供蒸汽和冷凝水通过的若干孔口，在孔口周围设置密封凸缘；在所述的上右联箱的连接部位、上左联箱的连接部位设置若干螺栓的通孔，在下右联箱的连接部位、下左联箱的连接部位对应设置若干内螺孔，上、下半联箱通过螺栓固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的机内蒸汽再热器，其特征是，所述的上半圆和下半圆加热管组的加热管为椭圆形管，所述椭圆的长轴与汽轮机内主蒸汽流的方向平行。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的机内蒸汽再热器，其特征是，在所述的椭圆形管上设置翅片。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的机内蒸汽再热器，其特征是，所述蒸汽再热器的冷凝水通过冷凝水排出口和排水管连接疏水阀和闪蒸器，闪蒸出的低压蒸汽通过蒸汽管进入处于蒸汽再热器后面的汽轮机级，闪蒸器的排水通过水管进入冷凝器。
PCT/CN2015/078336 2014-06-25 2015-05-06 一种多级冲动式汽轮机的机内蒸汽再热器 WO2015196869A1 (zh)

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