WO2015192750A1 - 一种用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管 - Google Patents

一种用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015192750A1
WO2015192750A1 PCT/CN2015/081458 CN2015081458W WO2015192750A1 WO 2015192750 A1 WO2015192750 A1 WO 2015192750A1 CN 2015081458 W CN2015081458 W CN 2015081458W WO 2015192750 A1 WO2015192750 A1 WO 2015192750A1
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tube
conductive
plastic
wall
conductive plastic
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PCT/CN2015/081458
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English (en)
French (fr)
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庄艳峰
陈文�
王有成
杨宏武
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武汉河海泽地电渗科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201410269863.9A external-priority patent/CN104088272B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201420321593.7U external-priority patent/CN204000833U/zh
Application filed by 武汉河海泽地电渗科技有限公司 filed Critical 武汉河海泽地电渗科技有限公司
Publication of WO2015192750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015192750A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a plastic electrode tube for electroosmotic drainage.
  • the traditional method of drainage consolidation is vacuum preloading and preloading, but for fine particle media with high water content and low water permeability, the traditional method is slow, the depth of action is limited, and the bearing capacity is not improved.
  • Electroosmosis is a very promising method for soft soils composed of such media.
  • electroosmosis has been known for more than two hundred years since its first discovery.
  • Chinese patent CN201210197981.4 and Chinese patent application 201310120362.X have successively disclosed two electroosmotic electrodes.
  • the former discloses a conductive plastic drainage board, a conductive plastic drainage board capable of serving as a corrosion-resistant electrode and providing a drainage and ventilation passage. Due to the small space of the drainage groove on the board, the displacement is very limited; the drainage board has a shape due to its shape.
  • the medium covers the surface of the filter membrane to block the filter hole, which hinders the entry of water and reduces the displacement.
  • the former has higher requirements on the mechanical properties of the filter membrane, otherwise the filter membrane will fall into the groove to reduce the space of the drainage groove and affect the drainage efficiency.
  • the latter discloses a segmented conductive tube that satisfies the corrosion resistance required by the construction environment, but in which the power line is directly connected to the conductive tube, the electric field is gradually weakened from top to bottom, and the drainage efficiency is low; and the conductive tube is made of graphite.
  • the mechanical properties such as toughness and plasticity are poor, which further limits its practical application in engineering.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above background art, and to provide a plastic electrode tube for electroosmotic drainage method which has simple structure, corrosion resistance, large drainage space and good mechanical property.
  • a plastic electrode tube for electroosmotic drainage method comprising: a conductive plastic tube, a wire and a conductive geotextile filter layer, wherein the conductive plastic tube wall is provided with an axial direction Or a radial water guiding groove, the wire is at least two, the wire is symmetrically distributed in the wall of the conductive plastic pipe and axially penetrates the entire conductive plastic pipe, and the conductive geotextile filter layer wraps the conductive plastic pipe.
  • the outer wall of the conductive plastic tube is evenly spaced to open a drainage hole.
  • the radial water guiding groove is an annular groove extending from the bottom of the outer wall of the conductive plastic pipe to the top of the parallel.
  • the radial water guide is a spiral groove that is rotated from the bottom of the outer wall of the conductive plastic tube to the top.
  • the shaft guiding water tank is an axial groove uniformly spaced along the circumference of the outer wall of the conductive plastic tube.
  • drainage holes are disposed on the wall of the conductive plastic pipe, and 2-4 drainage holes are evenly spaced along the circumference of the pipe wall.
  • the drainage holes are disposed in the axial grooves, and the drainage holes are evenly spaced along the circumference of the pipe wall, and the drainage holes are repeatedly arranged equidistantly in the axial direction.
  • the wire is a copper wire.
  • the bottom of the conductive plastic tube is tapered.
  • the conductive geotextile filter layer has a resistivity of not more than 10 -3 ⁇ m.
  • the axial or radial water guiding groove is opened on the inner wall of the conductive plastic tube.
  • the electrically conductive geotextile filter layer is used to wrap the conductive plastic tube, which not only filters the water entering the conductive plastic tube, but also solves the problem that the filter membrane is easily clogging in the prior art.
  • the wire is symmetrically distributed in the wall of the conductive plastic pipe to make a uniform current flow through the entire plastic pipe, so that the electric field is evenly distributed and the drainage efficiency is improved. After the water-permeable filter cloth flows along the outer wall guide trough or into the drainage hole, it flows upward through the pipeline to the surface layer of the medium.
  • the traditional pre-pressure drainage consolidation the water flow is moved by the action of the hydraulic gradient, so when the filter layer is blocked by the fine particles, the drainage consolidation efficiency is significantly reduced; in the present invention, the energy imparted by the electric field can be self-contained in the soil.
  • Conductive geotextile filter layer Through the conductive geotextile filter layer, it is discharged through the surface of the plastic electrode tube and the internal drainage channel, without relying on the hydraulic gradient, that is, vacuum drainage or preloading drainage, and the electroosmotic coefficient is independent of the particle size, even if the filter layer Fine particles are attached to the water, and the water flow can still penetrate the filter layer by the action of the electric field, enter the tubular drainage channel, thereby discharging the soil, and solve the problem of filter plugging which has been difficult to overcome for a long time by using the characteristics of electroosmosis.
  • Conductive geotextile filter layer does not need to consider the problem of weight per square meter, strength and equivalent aperture in traditional geotextiles, because conductive geotextiles are embedded in drainage grooves or blocked by fine particles. Affect the drainage and ensure its certain conductivity.
  • the water guiding groove is an annular groove
  • the water can pass through the filter cloth and enter the groove to flow upward along the outer wall of the tube, or can enter the drainage hole to flow upward along the inner wall of the tube.
  • the water guiding groove is a spiral groove
  • the water penetrates the filter cloth and enters the thread groove, and then rotates upward along the thread groove to the top of the conductive plastic pipe, and can also enter the drainage hole to flow upward along the inner wall of the pipe.
  • the water may flow vertically upward along the axial groove, or may enter the drainage hole to flow upward along the inner wall of the tube.
  • Conductive geotextile filter layer resistivity of not more than 10 -3 ⁇ ⁇ m can give the water flow enough energy to pass through the filter layer.
  • the present invention has the following characteristics:
  • the plastic electrode tube wraps the metal material in the conductive plastic and the conductive geotextile filter layer to solve the material corrosion problem
  • a water guide is provided on the wall of the plastic electrode tube to increase the drainage and exhaust passage;
  • the outsourced conductive geotextile filter layer solves the problem of clogging of the conventional electrode filter layer
  • the plastic electrode tube is generally 6-10 m in length due to its high mechanical strength.
  • the bottom of the plastic electrode tube is tapered, which facilitates the insertion of treatment areas such as sludge during construction, and can be quickly lengthened when the length is insufficient.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, corrosion resistance, large drainage space, good mechanical property, anti-clogging and high drainage efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of the plastic electrode tube in the embodiment 1
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic electrode tube in the embodiment 1
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the plastic electrode tube in the embodiment 1
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the plastic electrode tube in the embodiment 2
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the plastic electrode tube in the embodiment 2
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the plastic electrode tube in the embodiment 3.
  • Figure 7 is a front view of the plastic electrode tube in the embodiment 3.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 is made of a material including polyethylene, carbon black, and graphite, and has a specific resistance of 10 -3 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 has a length of 6 m and is in the shape of a bellows 10.
  • the annular groove 5 and the annular protrusion 8 are staggered from the bottom of the tube of the bellows 10 to the top, and the inner diameter of the conductive plastic tube 1 is 20 to 50 cm.
  • the thickness is 0.8 to 1 mm
  • the pitch of the corrugated protrusions 8 is 5 mm
  • the annular groove 5 is 3 mm deep.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 comprises two wires 2, the two wires 2 are located at a center symmetry of the tube, and the wire 2 is wrapped in the conductive plastic and penetrates the entire plastic electrode tube from the top to the bottom in the axial direction.
  • the wire is selected from copper wire and has a diameter of 1 mm.
  • the annular protrusions 8 of the wall of the conductive plastic tube 1 are uniformly spaced apart to open the drainage holes 4, and each of the annular protrusions is symmetrically opened with four circular or plum-shaped drainage holes 4, and the aperture of the drainage hole 4 is spaced from the annular protrusion 8 The same is 5mm.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 comprises a conductive geotextile filter layer, and the conductive geotextile filter layer is made of a conductive polymer fiber by a needle punching or weaving process, and the electrical resistivity is 0.7 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 When the conductive plastic tube 1 is energized, an electric field is formed, and the two wires 2 are all connected with the same magnitude of current.
  • the symmetric distribution of the wires 2 causes the entire conductive plastic tube 1 to form a uniformly distributed electric field from top to bottom; at the same time, the conductive geotextile filter
  • the layer will also conduct current and form an electric field itself.
  • the water flows through the filter layer by the action of the electric field, and enters the tubular drainage channel from the drain hole 4, thereby discharging the soil.
  • the water flow can also penetrate the filter layer into the annular groove 8 by the action of the electric field, and then move upward along the bellows 10 and the conductive geotextile filter layer to discharge the soil.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 of the present embodiment is made of a material including polyethylene, carbon black, and graphite, and has a specific resistance of 10 -3 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 has a length of 8 m and is shaped as a threaded tube 11.
  • the spiral groove 6 and the spiral protrusion 9 are alternately arranged from the bottom of the outer wall of the conductive plastic tube 1 to the top, and the inner diameter of the threaded tube 11 is 25 to 55 cm, the wall thickness of the tube is 0.7 to 1 mm, the spiral protrusion 9 is 4 mm apart, and the spiral groove 6 is about 2.5 mm.
  • the electrically conductive plastic tube 1 comprises four wires 2 which are arranged symmetrically about the axis within the tube, the wires being wrapped within the electrically conductive plastic and extending axially throughout the entire electrically conductive plastic tube 1 from top to bottom.
  • the wire 2 is selected from a copper wire having a diameter of 1 mm.
  • the spiral protrusions 9 of the wall of the threaded tube 11 are evenly spaced apart to open the drainage holes 4, and the spiral protrusions 9 are symmetrically opened with four circular drainage holes 4, and the drainage holes 4 have a hole diameter of 3 mm.
  • the threaded pipe 11 is surrounded by a conductive geotextile filter layer, and the conductive geotextile filter layer is made of a conductive polymer fiber by a needle punching or weaving process, and the electrical resistivity is 0.8 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 When the conductive plastic tube 1 is energized, an electric field is formed, and the four wires 2 are all connected with the same magnitude of current.
  • the symmetric distribution of the wires 2 causes the entire conductive plastic tube 1 to form a uniformly distributed electric field from top to bottom; at the same time, the conductive geotextile filter
  • the layer will also conduct current and form an electric field itself.
  • the water flows through the filter layer by the action of the electric field, and enters the tubular drainage channel from the drain hole 4, thereby discharging the soil.
  • the water flow can also pass through the filter cloth and enter the spiral groove 6, and spiral upward along the spiral groove 6 to the top of the conductive plastic pipe 1 to discharge the soil.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 of the present embodiment is made of a material including polyethylene, carbon black, and graphite, and has a specific resistance of 10 -3 ⁇ m.
  • the axial groove 7 and the axial protrusion 12 of the conductive plastic tube 1 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the tube and extend from the bottom of the conductive plastic tube 1 to the top.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 has a length of 10 m and an inner diameter of 25 ⁇ . 50cm, the wall thickness is 0.7-1.2mm, the groove 7 is 3mm apart, and the groove depth is about 5mm.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 comprises two metal wires 2, which are symmetrically arranged on the inner axis of the tube, the metal wire 2 being wrapped in the conductive plastic, and extending through the entire conductive plastic tube 1 from top to bottom in the axial direction.
  • the wire 2 is selected from a copper wire having a diameter of 1.5 mm.
  • Each of the grooves 7 of the wall of the conductive plastic tube 1 is uniformly spaced apart from the top to the bottom to form a drainage hole 4, and each groove 7 has four circular drainage holes 4 equally spaced on the bottom of the groove, and the diameter of the drainage hole 4 is 3 mm.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 is surrounded by a conductive geotextile filter layer, and the conductive geotextile filter layer is made of a conductive polymer fiber by a needle punching or weaving process, and the electrical resistivity is 0.9 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive plastic tube 1 When the conductive plastic tube 1 is energized, an electric field is formed, and the two wires 2 are all connected with the same current.
  • the symmetric distribution of the wires 2 causes the entire conductive plastic tube 1 to form a uniformly distributed electric field from top to bottom;
  • the fabric filter layer will also conduct current and form an electric field by itself.
  • the water flows through the filter layer by the action of the electric field, and enters the tubular drainage channel from the drain hole 4, thereby discharging the soil.
  • the water flow can also pass through the filter cloth and enter the groove 7, and flow directly upward along the groove 7 to the top of the conductive plastic pipe 1 to discharge the soil.
  • the time factors for electroosmosis consolidation of conductive plastic pipes and ordinary conductive drainage plates are 1.833 ⁇ 10 -5 s -1 and 2.433 ⁇ 10 -5 s -1 , respectively. Although they are on the same order, the test shows that the electroosmotic drainage rate is The time factor is sensitive.
  • the drainage rate coefficient of the conductive plastic tube is 1.33 times that of the ordinary conductive drainage board, and the cumulative displacement is 1.76 times that of the ordinary conductive drainage board.
  • the speed of drainage consolidation is compared with ordinary drain pipes and conductive drain pipes.
  • the ordinary drain pipes are drained under the hydraulic gradient.
  • the drainage speed depends on the hydraulic permeability coefficient of the soil.
  • For the dredging mud, according to the hydraulic permeability coefficient The speed of electroosmotic drainage can reach 10 to 100 times or even higher than the drainage under the hydraulic gradient. Due to the different theories on which the calculations are based (electroosmosis consolidation is based on the energy level gradient theory of electroosmosis, and the consolidation under hydraulic gradient is based on the prefabrication consolidation theory of Tesal), the drainage rate of the conductive plastic tube in this test is The common drainage pipe is 52.14 times, and the cumulative displacement is 2.25 times.

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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，包括导电塑料管(1)、金属丝(2)和导电土工织物滤层，导电塑料管壁上设置有轴向或径向的导水槽，金属丝(2)至少为两根，金属丝(2)对称分布于导电塑料管(1)管壁内并轴向贯穿整个导电塑料管(1)，导电土工织物滤层包裹导电塑料管(1)，导电塑料管(1)外壁均匀间隔开设排水孔(4)。

Description

一种用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管 技术领域
本发明涉及岩土工程技术领域，具体地指一种用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管。
背景技术
软土、淤泥、污泥、尾矿等高含水量低水力渗透性细颗粒介质，其排水固结非常困难。传统的排水固结方法是真空预压和堆载预压，但是对于高含水量低水力渗透性的细颗粒介质，传统的方法速度慢、作用深度有限、对承载力的提高也不足。
对于此类介质组成的软土地基，电渗法是一种非常有潜力的方法，然而电渗法自第一次被发现至今已有两百多年历史。现有技术中，中国专利CN201210197981.4、中国专利申请201310120362.X先后公开了两种电渗电极。前者公开了一种导电塑料排水板，一种既能充当耐腐蚀电极、又能提供排水通气通道的导电塑料排水板，由于板上排水凹槽空间较小，排水量十分有限；排水板由于其形状在施工中布置非常不便，且本身强度低，影响施工效率；一段时间后介质覆在滤膜表面堵住滤孔，阻碍了水的进入减小了排水量。而且前者对滤膜力学性能要求较高，否则滤膜陷入凹槽将会减小排水凹槽的空间，影响排水效率。后者公开了一种分段式导电管，满足了施工环境要求的耐腐蚀性，但其中电源线直接连接导电管导致电场由上到下分布逐渐减弱，排水效率较低；而且导电管由石墨材质制成，韧性、塑性等力学性能较差，进一步限制了其在工程实际的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要解决上述背景技术的不足，提供一种结构简单、耐腐蚀、排水空间大、力学性能好的用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管。
本发明的技术方案为：一种用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于，包括：导电塑料管、金属丝和导电土工织物滤层，所述导电塑料管壁上设置有轴向 或径向的导水槽，所述金属丝至少为两根，所述金属丝对称分布于导电塑料管管壁内并轴向贯穿整个导电塑料管，所述导电土工织物滤层包裹导电塑料管，所述导电塑料管外壁均匀间隔开设排水孔。
优选的，所述径向导水槽为从导电塑料管外壁底部延伸到顶部相互平行的环形凹槽。
优选的，所述径向导水槽为从导电塑料管外壁底部旋至顶部的螺旋形凹槽。
优选的，所述轴向导水槽为导电塑料管外壁沿圆周均匀间隔设置的轴向凹槽。
进一步的，所述排水孔设置于导电塑料管管壁上，沿管壁圆周均匀间隔设置2-4个排水孔。
进一步的，所述排水孔设置于轴向凹槽内，所述排水孔沿管壁圆周均匀间隔设置2-4个，所述排水孔沿轴向等距离重复设置。
优选的，所述金属丝为铜丝。
优选的，所述导电塑料管底部为锥形。
优选的，所述导电土工织物滤层电阻率不大于10-3Ω·m。
优选的，所述轴向或径向的导水槽开设在导电塑料管内壁。
本发明中，采用导电土工织物滤层包裹导电塑料管，不仅能过滤进入导电塑料管的水，而且解决了现有技术中滤膜容易淤堵的问题。金属丝对称分布在导电塑料管管壁内使整个塑料管通有均匀的电流，使电场均匀分布，提高排水效率。水透过滤布后沿外壁导水槽或进入排水孔内向上流动，至介质表层后通过管道排出。
传统的预压排水固结，水流是通过水力梯度的作用运动的，因此当滤层被细颗粒淤堵时，排水固结效率显著降低；本发明中通过电场赋予的能量，土中水可以自行穿透导电土工织物滤层，通过塑料电极管表面和内部的排水通道排出，而不需要依靠水力梯度，即真空排水或堆载预压排水，而且电渗系数与颗粒粒径无关，即使滤层上附着了细颗粒，水流仍然可以通过电场的作用而穿透滤层，进入管状的排水通道，从而排出土体，用电渗的特性解决了长期以来难以克服的滤层淤堵问题。导电土工织物滤层不需要考虑传统土工布中的每平米克重、强度及等效孔径等问题，因为导电土工织物是否嵌入排水凹槽或者是否被细颗粒堵塞都不 影响排水，保证其一定的导电性即可。
导水槽为环形凹槽时，水可以透过滤布后进入凹槽沿管外壁向上流动，也可以进入排水孔沿管内壁向上流动。
导水槽为螺旋形凹槽时，水透过滤布后进入螺纹凹槽后沿螺纹凹槽向上旋至导电塑料管顶部，也可以进入排水孔沿管内壁向上流动。
导电塑料管上开有轴向凹槽时，水可以沿轴向凹槽竖直向上流动，也可以进入排水孔沿管内壁向上流动。
导电土工织物滤层电阻率不大于10-3Ω·m时可以赋予水流足够的能量穿过滤层。
与现有技术相比，本发明有如下特点：
1)整个塑料电极管通有均匀的电流，使电场分布均匀，排水效率提高，可达到0.7m3/h～4.5m3/h(管径20cm～50cm，流速0.006m/s)；
2)塑料电极管将金属材料包裹在导电塑料及导电土工织物滤层之内，解决了材料腐蚀问题；
3)塑料电极管管壁上提供了导水槽，增大了排水排气通道；
4)外包的导电土工织物滤层解决了传统电极滤层的淤堵问题；
5)塑料电极管由于其材料自身力学强度较高，长度一般可为6-10m；
6)塑料电极管底部为锥形，在施工时便于插入淤泥等处理区域，且在长度不够时可以快速接长。
本发明具有结构简单、耐腐蚀、排水空间大、力学性能好、防淤堵、排水效率高的优点。
附图说明
图1实施例1中塑料电极管俯视图
图2实施例1中塑料电极管剖面图
图3实施例1中塑料电极管主视图
图4实施例2中塑料电极管俯视图
图5实施例2中塑料电极管主视图
图6实施例3中塑料电极管俯视图
图7实施例3中塑料电极管主视图
1.导电塑料管2.金属丝3.导水槽4.排水孔5.环形凹槽6.螺旋形凹槽7.轴向凹槽8.环形凸起9.螺旋形凸起10.波纹管11.螺纹管12.轴向凸起。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
如图1-3所示，本实施例中导电塑料管1为包括聚乙烯、炭黑和石墨的材料制成，电阻率为10-3Ω·m。导电塑料管1长为6m，形状为波纹管10，环形凹槽5和环形凸起8从波纹管10管底部相互平行交错排列延伸到顶部，导电塑料管1内直径为20～50cm，管壁厚度0.8～1mm，波纹凸起8间距5mm，环形凹槽5深3mm。
导电塑料管1包含两根金属丝2，两根金属丝2位于管内圆心对称的位置，金属丝2包裹在导电塑料之内，且从上到下沿轴向贯穿整个塑料电极管。金属丝选择铜丝，直径1mm。
导电塑料管1管壁的环形凸起8上均匀间隔开设排水孔4，每个环形凸起上对称地开有4个圆形或梅花形排水孔4，排水孔4孔径与环形凸起8间距同为5mm。导电塑料管1包导电土工织物滤层，导电土工织物滤层由导电聚合物纤维由针刺或编织工艺制成，电阻率为0.7×10-3Ω·m。
当导电塑料管1上通电时形成电场，两根金属丝2均通有同样大小的电流，金属丝2对称分布使整个导电塑料管1从上至下形成均匀分布的电场；同时导电土工织物滤层也将传导电流，自身形成电场。水流通过电场的作用而穿透滤层，从排水孔4进入管状的排水通道，从而排出土体。水流也可通过电场的作用而穿透滤层进入环形凹槽8，再沿波纹管10和导电土工织物滤层向上运动后排出土体。
实施例2
如图4-5所示，本实施例中导电塑料管1为包括聚乙烯、炭黑和石墨的材料制成，电阻率为10-3Ω·m。本实施例中导电塑料管1长为8m，形状为螺纹管11，螺旋形凹槽6和螺旋形凸起9交错排列从导电塑料管1外壁底部旋至顶部，螺纹 管11内直径为25～55cm，管壁厚度0.7～1mm，螺旋形凸起9间距4mm，螺旋形凹槽6约2.5mm。
导电塑料管1包含4根金属丝2，4根金属丝2在管内关于轴线对称设置，金属丝包裹在导电塑料之内，且从上到下沿轴向贯穿整个导电塑料管1。金属丝2选择铜丝，直径1mm。
螺纹管11管壁的螺旋形凸起9上均匀间隔开设排水孔4，螺旋形凸起9上对称地开有4个圆形排水孔4，排水孔4孔径为3mm。螺纹管11外包导电土工织物滤层，导电土工织物滤层由导电聚合物纤维由针刺或编织工艺制成，电阻率为0.8×10-3Ω·m。
当导电塑料管1上通电时形成电场，4根金属丝2均通有同样大小的电流，金属丝2对称分布使整个导电塑料管1从上至下形成均匀分布的电场；同时导电土工织物滤层也将传导电流，自身形成电场。水流通过电场的作用而穿透滤层，从排水孔4进入管状的排水通道，从而排出土体。水流还可以透过滤布后进入螺旋形凹槽6，沿螺旋形凹槽6向上旋至导电塑料管1顶部后排出土体。
实施例3
如图6-7所示，本实施例中导电塑料管1为包括聚乙烯、炭黑和石墨的材料制成，电阻率为10-3Ω·m。本实施例中导电塑料管1上轴向凹槽7和轴向凸起12沿管周均匀间隔设置并且从导电塑料管1底部延伸至顶部，导电塑料管1长为10m，内直径为25～50cm，管壁厚度0.7～1.2mm，凹槽7间距3mm，凹槽深约5mm。
导电塑料管1包含2根金属丝2，2根金属丝2位于管内轴线对称设置，金属丝2包裹在导电塑料之内，且从上到下沿轴向贯穿整个导电塑料管1。金属丝2选择铜丝，直径1.5mm。
导电塑料管1管壁的每个凹槽7上从上至下均匀间隔开设排水孔4，每个凹槽7槽底上等间距开有4个圆形排水孔4，排水孔4孔径为3mm。导电塑料管1外包导电土工织物滤层，导电土工织物滤层由导电聚合物纤维由针刺或编织工艺制成，电阻率为0.9×10-3Ω·m。
当导电塑料管1上通电时形成电场，2根金属丝2均通有同样大小的电流，金属丝2对称分布使整个导电塑料管1从上至下形成均匀分布的电场；同时导电土 工织物滤层也将传导电流，自身形成电场。水流通过电场的作用而穿透滤层，从排水孔4进入管状的排水通道，从而排出土体。水流还可以透过滤布后进入凹槽7，沿凹槽7向上直接流至导电塑料管1顶部后排出土体。
电渗排水固结速度的对比试验
以两块18m×18m面积，6m深的吹填淤泥，分别用普通导电排水板和导电塑料管进行电渗排水固结的对比曲线。导电塑料管和普通导电排水板电渗固结的时间因子分别为1.833×10-5s-1和2.433×10-5s-1，虽然在同一个量级，但是试验表明电渗排水速率对时间因子敏感，导电塑料管的排水速率系数是普通导电排水板的1.33倍，而累计排水量是普通导电排水板的1.76倍。
用普通排水管和导电排水管进行排水固结的速度对比，普通排水管是在水力梯度作用下排水，排水速度取决于土体的水力渗透系数，对于吹填淤泥，根据其水力渗透系数的不同，电渗排水的速度可达水力梯度作用下排水的10～100倍，甚至更高。由于计算所依据的理论不同(电渗固结依据电渗的能级梯度理论，水力梯度作用下的固结依据泰沙基的预压固结理论)，本试验中导电塑料管的排水速率是普通排水管的52.14倍，累计排水量是其2.25倍。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于，包括：导电塑料管(1)、金属丝(2)和导电土工织物滤层，所述导电塑料管壁上设置有轴向或径向的导水槽(3)，所述金属丝(2)至少为两根，所述金属丝(2)对称分布于导电塑料管(1)管壁内并轴向贯穿整个导电塑料管(1)，所述导电土工织物滤层包裹导电塑料管，所述导电塑料管外壁均匀间隔开设排水孔(4)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述径向导水槽为从导电塑料管(1)外壁底部延伸到顶部相互平行的环形凹槽(5)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述径向导水槽为从导电塑料管(1)外壁底部旋至顶部的螺旋形凹槽(6)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述轴向导水槽为导电塑料管(1)外壁沿圆周均匀间隔设置的轴向凹槽(7)。
  5. 如权利要求2或3所述的用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述排水孔设置于导电塑料管(1)管壁上，沿管壁圆周均匀间隔设置2-4个排水孔(3)。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述排水孔设置于轴向凹槽(7)内，所述排水孔(3)沿管壁圆周均匀间隔设置2-4个，所述排水孔(3)沿轴向等距离重复设置。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述金属丝(2)为铜丝。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述导电 塑料管(1)底部为锥形。
  9. 如权利要求1-8所述的任一用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述导电土工织物滤层电阻率不大于10-3Ω·m。
  10. 如权利要求1-4所述的任一用于电渗排水法的塑料电极管，其特征在于：所述轴向或径向的导水槽(3)开设在导电塑料管(1)内壁。
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