WO2015188292A1 - 紫菜养殖用自行干出装置、养殖装置及潮差自行干出方法 - Google Patents

紫菜养殖用自行干出装置、养殖装置及潮差自行干出方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015188292A1
WO2015188292A1 PCT/CN2014/000732 CN2014000732W WO2015188292A1 WO 2015188292 A1 WO2015188292 A1 WO 2015188292A1 CN 2014000732 W CN2014000732 W CN 2014000732W WO 2015188292 A1 WO2015188292 A1 WO 2015188292A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod
floating
self
culture
hollow
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PCT/CN2014/000732
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈百尧
张祖禹
薛学坤
高希星
龚占成
伏光辉
龚琪本
唐兴本
安健
孙苗苗
王绪春
Original Assignee
连云港海之林复合材料有限公司
连云港市海洋与水产科学研究所
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Application filed by 连云港海之林复合材料有限公司, 连云港市海洋与水产科学研究所 filed Critical 连云港海之林复合材料有限公司
Priority to JP2016600119U priority Critical patent/JP3211403U/ja
Priority to KR1020167023114A priority patent/KR101945893B1/ko
Publication of WO2015188292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015188292A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a seaweed culture technology, in particular to a self-drying device for a laver culture, a culture device and a tidal self-drying method.
  • the existing methods for fully floating oyster cultured seaweed include a "U" type full-floating dry-breeding method, a tripod-type full-floating simmering culture method, and a flip-type full-floating simmering culture method, and these methods exist as follows Defects in several aspects: First, the above farming methods require manual operation, high labor intensity, difficult operation at sea, and time required for man-made control. It is difficult to grasp in time and affect the growth of seaweed. Second, resistance to wind and waves. The manually operated dry-out device is only fixed on the floating raft of the laver culture area. As the seaweed field floats as a whole, there is no connection control between the sea and the sea floor.
  • the floating cymbal that is manually operated to support the curtain is only the two end points of the supporting curtain.
  • the two points of the floating raft are unstable, and it is easy to roll or tilt due to the impact of the wind and waves. It is not suitable for use in sea areas with large wind and waves. The resistance to wind and waves is also poor.
  • the above manual operation eliminates the whole floating laver culture method, and the picking boat can not enter the net curtain to harvest the laver, is blocked by the truss, needs manual picking, consumes a large labor, and has low efficiency. At the same time, it is difficult to control the length of the seaweed on the net curtain after harvesting. When the next time the vegetables are picked, there will be old and tender, which will affect the quality of the seaweed. Fifth, the manual operation of the net curtain is one-time water-free, and the load is heavy. Therefore, it needs to float more than one, and the operation time is long, which leads to seaweed. High cost of farming and low yield.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a self-drying device for laver breeding with reasonable design, convenient and flexible use, thorough dry-out effect and strong device stability.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tidal self-drying type full-flowing laver which is reasonable in design, reduces breeding cost and management cost, and is favorable for growing high-quality and high-yield laver. Farming device.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a reasonable design, convenient and flexible use, mechanized picking, improved sea product yield, reduced breeding cost, and tidal range for deep sea and offshore farming. Dry-out culture method.
  • the present invention is a self-drying device for seaweed farming, which is characterized in that it comprises a hollow pick rod and a floating rod, and one end of the hollow rod is floated.
  • the middle part of the rod is vertically fixedly connected, and the other end of the hollow rod is evenly arranged with a plurality of stable hollow rod tails in the circumferential direction of the rod body, and the hollow rod between the tail fin and the floating rod is provided with a large float, a large float and a floating rod
  • a diagonal drawstring is arranged between the two ends, and a hollow cable which is matched with the large float to pick up the floating rod is disposed along the axis of the hollow rod.
  • the rod body of the hollow rod is made of a plastic inner tube and is compounded outside the plastic inner tube.
  • the outer tube of the composite material is provided with a foam layer between the plastic inner tube and the outer tube of the composite material, and a tube plug with a through hole is arranged at both ends of the hollow rod.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • a hollow hollow rod is provided on the hollow rod of the outer end of the tail fin.
  • the first fastening clamps of the tail and the tail are provided with a second fastening clamp for clamping the floating rod and the hollow pick rod head on the hollow rods on both sides of the floating rod.
  • the position of the large float is adjusted on the hollow rods at both ends of the large float.
  • the positioning clamp has a baffle between the positioning clamp and the large float.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical solution.
  • the large float cover has a net sleeve for preventing the large float from being scattered.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the diagonal cords are symmetrically arranged.
  • the present invention is a tidal self-drying full-flowing laver culture device, which is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of lateral floating rafts and vertical floats.
  • a dry-out device group and a mesh curtain group are arranged at intervals between adjacent vertical floating rafts, and each mesh curtain group is composed of several A mesh curtain fixed on the horizontal floating raft and the vertical floating raft, each of the dry-out device groups is composed of a plurality of self-drying devices as described above, and the floating rods on each self-drying device are fixed to the horizontal by fasteners.
  • On the floating raft a number of culture nets are installed on the horizontal rafts and vertical rafts around the cultured net fields.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the breeding net field adjacent The spacing between the horizontal rafts is 8 ⁇ ! ⁇ 10m
  • the spacing between the vertical floating rafts on each side of the dry-out device group is 3m ⁇ 5m
  • the spacing between the vertical floating rafts on each side of the net curtain group is 8 ⁇ ! ⁇ 10m.
  • the present invention is a method for using the self-drying device for laver breeding as described above or the tidal self-drying full-flowing laver culture device.
  • a self-drying culture method characterized in that the culture device is placed in a countercurrent flow along the rising water flow at the sea level, so that the floating rod on the self-drying device is placed against the tide, under the breeding net field and under the self-drying device
  • the bottom of the sea is provided with fixed piles, and the root line of the culture net is fixed on the fixed pile below the culture net field, and a through hole is arranged on the fixed pile below the self-drying device, and the through hole is worn and cultured.
  • the retractable rope of the net field horizontal floating raft is arranged in parallel, and the dry cable of the outer end of the tail fin of the self-drying device is connected with the retractable rope; the length of the dry cable and the retracting rope are adjusted in advance, and when the tide is high, the hollow pick The rod is stable under the action of the tail and the diagonal rope. Under the impact of the rising buoyancy and the tide, the large float on the hollow rod is pushed up, and the hollow rod at the end of the tail is in the sea.
  • the dry root cable is pulled, the wave continues to float the large float on the hollow pick rod, and the large float raises the hollow pick rod at one end of the floating rod to lift the floating rod and the breeding net field, and the net curtain also follows
  • the large float moves downward under the stamping of the tide and the tide, and the hollow rod at one end of the tail is relatively floating.
  • the floating rod and the farm net are lowered by the hollow rod, and the mesh curtain is immersed in the sea water.
  • the invention adopts a self-drying device, fully utilizes the natural force of the tidal current to gradually make the net curtain dry out of the water, does not require personnel management and operation, saves time and labor, reduces management cost; and sets a large float and a dry root cable to be used together, When the tide is high, the curtain will be gradually provoked, no need to manually dry the curtain, reduce the labor intensity, and the root cable is connected with the rope. The rope can be retracted by the action of the ship's machinery, so that the tidal range is not utilized.
  • the artificial lifting of the net curtain can be carried out, and the dry-out method can be flexibly selected according to the environmental conditions, providing a suitable living environment for the growth of the laver, improving the quality and yield of the laver; setting the tail and the diagonal drawstring, and enhancing the pick rod
  • the stability of the sea and the sea breeze prevents the swinging of the rod from affecting the effect of drying out of the water; the large float and the small float enhance the stability of loading and unloading of the entire device, and
  • the use of small floats reduces the cost of equipment during the breeding process; in the culture device, by adjusting the lateral and longitudinal spacing of the lateral rafts and the vertical rafts, it is beneficial to the seawater floating through the field, bringing in nutrient-rich nutrients, further ensuring growth.
  • High-quality seaweed can realize mechanized picking and high harvesting efficiency.
  • a plurality of fixed piles are arranged around the aquaculture net field and under the self-drying device to strengthen the device. It is resistant to wind and waves, has good stability, and is thoroughly dried. It can be used to culture seaweed in the deep sea and in the open sea. Fully utilize the natural high tide and low tide to realize the self-drying of the laver culture net field, reduce the labor intensity and breeding cost, net curtain Once on, the net curtain can be automatically brushed, so that the diatom, green algae and floating mud are not easily retained on the laver net curtain, ensuring the healthy growth of the laver.
  • the design is reasonable, the use is convenient, the breeding cost is reduced, the stability of the device and the wind and wave resistance are enhanced, and the culture can be used for deep sea and offshore farming, and mechanized harvesting can also be realized.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a self-drying device
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention.
  • a self-drying device for laver breeding comprises a hollow rod 6 and a floating rod 8.
  • One end of the hollow rod 6 is vertically fixedly connected with the middle portion of the floating rod 8, and the hollow rod
  • the other end of the 6 is evenly disposed with a plurality of fins 15 for stabilizing the hollow rods 6 in the circumferential direction of the rod body.
  • the hollow rods 6 between the tail fins 15 and the floating rods 8 are covered with large floats 7, and the large floats 7 and the floating rods 8 are respectively
  • a diagonal cable 12 is disposed between the ends, and a hollow cable 10 for supporting the floating rod 8 in cooperation with the large float 7 is bored in the hollow rod 6 along the axis of the rod.
  • Embodiment 2 in the self-drying device for seaweed culture described in Embodiment 1, the hollow pick rod 6
  • the rod body is composed of a plastic inner tube and a composite outer tube composited outside the plastic inner tube, and a foam layer is arranged between the plastic inner tube and the composite outer tube, and a through hole is arranged at both ends of the hollow rod Pipe plug 17.
  • Embodiment 3 in the self-drying device for seaweed culture described in Embodiment 1, the first fastening card for clamping the hollow rod 6 tail and the tail 15 is provided on the hollow rod 6 at the outer end of the tail fin 15
  • the hoop 16 is provided with a second fastening clamp 9 for clamping the floating rod 8 and the hollow rod 6 of the hollow rod 6 on both sides of the floating rod 8.
  • Embodiment 4 In the self-drying device for laver breeding according to Embodiment 1, a positioning clamp 14 for adjusting the position of the large float 7 is disposed on the hollow rod 6 at both ends of the large float 7, and the positioning clamp 14 is A baffle 13 is provided between the large floats 7.
  • Embodiment 5 In the self-drying device for seaweed culture described in Embodiment 1, a plurality of mounting holes 11 are uniformly provided on the floating rod 8.
  • Example 6 In the self-drying device for seaweed culture described in Example 1, the large float 7 is covered with a net cover for preventing the bulk of the large float 7.
  • Embodiment 7 in the self-drying device for seaweed culture described in Embodiment 1, the diagonal cords 12 are symmetrically disposed.
  • Embodiment 8 is a tidal self-drying full-flowing laver culture device comprising a cultured net field consisting of a plurality of lateral floating rafts 1 and vertical rafts 2, each of which has a plurality of small rafts 2
  • the float 3 is provided with a dry-out device group and a mesh curtain group at intervals between adjacent floating rafts 2, and each of the mesh curtain groups is composed of a plurality of mesh curtains 4 fixed on the horizontal floating raft 1 and the vertical floating raft 2
  • Each row of dry out device sets is composed of a plurality of self-drying devices as described in Embodiments 1-7, and the floating rods 8 on each of the self-drying devices are fixed to the horizontal floating rafts 1 by fasteners;
  • a plurality of culture netting root cables 5 are arranged on the horizontal floating rafts 1 and the vertical floating rafts 2 around the breeding net fields.
  • Embodiment 9 in the tidal self-drying type full-floating laver culture device according to Embodiment 8, the spacing between adjacent horizontal floating rafts 1 on the culture net field is 8 m ⁇ : L0m, and each column of the dry-out device group Vertical float The spacing between ⁇ 2 is 3n! ⁇ 5m, the spacing between the longitudinal rafts 2 on each side of the net curtain group is 8m ⁇ ; I0m.
  • Embodiment 10 referring to FIG.
  • the self-drying culture method is to place the culture device countercurrently along the rising water flow on the sea level, so that the floating rod 8 on the self-drying device is placed against the sea wave, and is arranged around the breeding net field and the sea bottom below the self-drying device.
  • a retractable rope 19 disposed in parallel with the net field horizontal floating raft 1 , wherein the dry-out cable 10 at the outer end of the empennage 15 of the self-drying device is connected to the hoisting rope 19; the dry-out cable 10 and the retracting rope 19 are pre-adjusted Length, at high tide, the hollow rod 6 is stable under the action of the tail 15 and the diagonal rope 12.
  • the self-drying device and the culture device can also be used for manual drying.
  • the above-mentioned composite outer tube adopts a special adjustable environmentally-friendly deep seawater aquaculture struts as disclosed in the patent No. ZL201320355207.
  • the curtain at the time of the tide 4 dry out time is 3 ⁇ 4 hours; if the tidal range is 4 ⁇ 6 meters, the height of the water curtain 4 is 1. 8 meters or more; the plug-type seaweed farming device is generally 100 X 100 meters (33 Mu) is a unit, a total of 121 composite struts are required, and 44 laver culture nets are used to support the surrounding fields. 44 fixed piles, 44 large floats, a total of 2,500 small floats on the breeding net field, 400 sets of seaweed net curtains with 1.
  • the picking board When the picking board is in the middle of the tide, it is more convenient to harvest the seaweed under the net curtain 4. At this time, the picking rod of the self-drying device picks up the net curtain, but the water is not high, and it is convenient for the picking boat to enter the bottom of the net curtain 4, Mechanized picking vegetables, the harvested seaweed has a small amount of water, and the harvesting efficiency is high.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

一种紫菜养殖用自行干出装置，包括空心挑杆（6）和浮杆（8），空心挑杆（6）的一端与浮杆（8）中部垂直固定相接，空心挑杆（6）的另一端沿杆体周向均匀设有若干个稳定空心挑杆（6）的尾翼（15），尾翼（15）与浮杆（8）之间的空心挑杆（6）上套有大浮子（7），大浮子（7）与浮杆（8）两端之间设有斜拉绳（12），空心挑杆（6）内沿杆体的轴线穿设有与大浮子（7）配合挑起浮杆（8）的干出根缆（10）。此外，所述紫菜养殖用自行干出装置包括或应用于一种潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置或潮差自行干出式养殖方法。通过所述紫菜养殖用自行干出装置，可实现网帘自行干出和自行落水，降低劳动强度和养殖成本，提高紫菜的质量。

Description

说 明 书 紫菜养殖用自行干出装置、 养殖装置及潮差自行干出方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种紫菜养殖技术， 特别涉及一种紫菜养殖用自行干出装置、 养殖装置及潮差自行干出方法。
背景技术
随着近海污染不断加重扩展， 养殖强度不断增强， 营养盐越来越缺 乏， 紫菜的枯烂病不断增多， 加之海港建设的需求， 近海养殖已越来越 无法进行。 从潮间带半浮流紫菜养殖， 发展到插杆式紫菜养殖； 从刚开 始所用的撑杆 7-8米， 发展到 16-17米， 每年养殖区域都要向深海、外海 推进。 但撑杆的长度和强度必定有限， 已无法满足更深的海域使用。
现有全浮动筏式养殖紫菜的方法有 "U"字型全浮动筏干出养殖方法、三 角架式全浮动筏干出养殖方法和翻转式全浮动筏干出养殖方法， 而这些方法 存在以下几方面的缺陷： 第一， 上述养殖方法都需要人工操作， 劳动强度大， 海上操作困难， 干出的时间也需人为控制， 很难及时把握， 影响紫菜生长； 第二， 抗风浪差。 人工操作的干出装置只是固定在紫菜养殖区的浮绠上， 随 着紫菜田整体浮动， 自身与海底没有任何连接固定控制， 因此对紫菜田的根 缆冲击负重很大， 抗风浪差， 另外， 人工操作干出的浮动筏， 托撑网帘时只 是支撑网帘的两个端点， 浮动筏两点受力不稳定， 受风浪冲击容易侧翻或倾 斜， 不适合风浪大的海区使用， 装置自身的抗风浪性也差； 第三， 干出不彻 底。 人工操作干出时， 风浪会导致装置不稳定， 因此， 这些装置的重心必须 放低， 在海浪的作用下， 会导致紫菜晾干不彻底； 第四， 不能进行机械化采 ίί¾ -ΙΑ太 菜， 效率低。 以上人工操作干出全浮流紫菜养殖方法， 采菜船都无法进入网 帘底下收割紫菜， 被筏架阻挡， 需人工采菜， 消耗极大的劳动力， 效率低。 同时又很难控制采割后， 网帘上紫菜的长度。 当下次采菜时便有老有嫩， 影 响紫菜品质； 第五， 人工操作干出网帘是一次性离水的， 负荷重， 因此， 需 要浮动筏个数多， 操作时间长， 从而导致紫菜养殖成本高、 产量低。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足， 提供一种设计合理， 使用方便灵活， 干出效果彻底， 装置稳定性强的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题是针对现有技术的不足， 提供一种设计 合理， 降低养殖成本和管理成本， 有利于生长出高品质和高产量紫菜的潮差 自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置。
本发明所要解决的再一技术问题是针对现有技术的不足， 提供一种设计 合理， 使用方便灵活， 实现机械化采摘， 提高海产产率， 降低养殖成本， 可 进行深海和外海养殖的潮差自行干出式养殖方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过以下的技术方案来实 ¾¾的， 本发明是 一种紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 其特点是， 包括空心挑杆和浮杆， 空心挑杆 的一端与浮杆中部垂直固定相接， 空心挑杆的另一端沿杆体周向均匀设有若 干个稳定空心挑杆的尾翼， 尾翼与浮杆之间的空心挑杆上套有大浮子， 大浮 子与浮杆两端之间设有斜拉绳， 空心挑杆内沿杆体的轴线穿设有与大浮子配 合挑起浮杆的干出根缆。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现， 在以上所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 所述空心挑杆的杆体由塑料内管 和复合在塑料内管外的复合材料外管组成， 在塑料内管和复合材料外管之间 设有泡沫层， 在空心挑杆的两端设有带通孔的管塞。 本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现， 在以上所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 在所述尾翼外端的空心挑杆上设 有夹紧空心挑杆杆尾及尾翼的第一紧固卡箍， 在所述浮杆两侧的空心挑杆上 设有夹紧浮杆及空心挑杆杆头的第二紧固卡箍。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现， 在以上所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 在所述大浮子两端的空心挑杆上 设有调整大浮子位置的定位卡箍， 定位卡箍与大浮子之间设有挡板。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现， 在以上所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中: 在所述浮杆上均匀设有若干个安 装孔。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现， 在以上所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 在所述大浮子外罩有防止大浮子 散开的网套。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现， 在以上所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 所述斜拉绳对称设置。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题是通过以下的技术方案来实现的， 本发 明是一种的潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置， 其特点是， 包括由若干横 浮绠和纵浮绠组成的养殖网田， 在每根纵浮绠上设有若干个小浮子， 在相邻 纵浮绠之间按列间隔设有干出装置组和网帘组， 每列网帘组由若干固定在横 浮绠和纵浮绠上的网帘组成， 每列干出装置组由若干如上所述的自行干出装 置组成， 每个自行干出装置上的浮杆通过紧固件固定在横浮绠上； 在所述养 殖网田四周的横浮绠和纵浮绠上设有若干养殖网田根缆。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现， 在以上所述的潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置中： 所述养殖网田上相邻 横浮绠之间的间距为 8π！〜 10m， 每列干出装置组两侧的纵浮绠之间的间距为 3m〜5m, 每列网帘组两侧的纵浮绠之间的间距为 8π！〜 10m。
本发明所要解决的再一技术问题是通过以下的技术方案来实现的， 本发 明是一种采用如上所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置或潮差自行干出式全浮流 紫菜养殖装置的潮差自行干出式养殖方法， 其特点是， 将养殖装置沿上涨水 流逆流放置在海平面上， 使得自行干出装置上的浮杆顶着浪潮放置， 在养殖 网田四周及自行干出装置下方的海底均设有固定桩， 所述养殖网田根缆固定 在养殖网田下方的固定桩上， 在所述自行干出装置下方的固定桩上设有通孔， 通孔内穿有与养殖网田横浮绠平行设置的收放绳， 所述自行干出装置中尾翼 外端的干出根缆与收放绳相连； 预先调整干出根缆和收放绳的长度， 涨潮时， 空心挑杆在尾翼和斜拉绳的作用下保持稳定， 在潮水上涨的浮力和浪潮的冲 击作用下， 推高空心挑杆上的大浮子， 尾翼一端的空心挑杆被海中的干出根 缆拉住， 浪潮继续冲浮空心挑杆上的大浮子， 大浮子升高带动浮杆一端的空 心挑杆抬起， 从而挑起浮杆及养殖网田， 网帘也随之升高、 离水； 退潮时， 大浮子在潮水回落和浪潮的冲压下向下运动， 尾翼一端的空心挑杆相对上浮， 浮杆及养殖网田被空心挑杆放下， 网帘浸入海水中。
本发明通过设自行干出装置， 充分利用潮差自然力量使网帘逐渐离水干 出， 无需人员管理和操作， 省时省力， 降低了管理成本； 设大浮子和干出根 缆配合使用， 在涨潮时自动将网帘逐渐挑起， 无需人工操作干出网帘， 降低 劳动强度， 干出根缆与收放绳相连， 通过船上机械的作用对收放绳进行收放， 使得不利用潮差时也可进行网帘的人工挑起干出， 可根据环境情况灵活选择 干出方式， 给紫菜生长提供适宜的生存环境， 提高了紫菜的质量和产量； 设 尾翼和斜拉绳， 增强挑杆的稳定性， 防止海浪和海风造成挑杆摆动影响离水 干出效果； 设大浮子和小浮子， 增强了整个装置承载和卸载的稳定性， 且使 用小浮子少， 降低了养殖过程中的器材成本； 养殖装置中， 通过调整横浮绠 和纵浮绠的横向和纵向间距， 有利于海水浮流经过田间， 带进丰富营养盐， 进一步保证了生长出高品质的紫菜， 可实现机械化采菜， 收割效率高； 在潮 差自行干出式养殖方法中， 在养殖网田四周及自行干出装置下方的海底设多 个固定桩， 加强了该装置的抗风浪性， 稳定性好， 干出彻底， 可实现在深海 和外海养殖紫菜； 充分利用自然的涨潮和落潮实现紫菜养殖网田的自行干出， 降低干出劳动强度和养殖成本， 网帘一上一下， 可对网帘进行自动刷洗， 使 紫菜网帘上不易有硅藻、 绿藻、 浮泥滞留， 确保了紫菜健康生长。 与现有技 术相比， 其设计合理， 使用方便， 降低了养殖成本， 增强了装置的稳定性和 抗风浪能力， 可用于深海和外海的养殖， 也可实现机械化收割。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的结构示意图；
图 2是自行干出装置的结构示意图；
图 3是本发明的工作原理图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图， 进一步描述本发明的具体技术方案， 以便于本领域的技 术人员进一步地理解本发明， 而不构成对其权利的限制。
实施例 1， 参照图 1和图 2， 一种紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 包括空心挑 杆 6和浮杆 8， 空心挑杆 6的一端与浮杆 8中部垂直固定相接， 空心挑杆 6的 另一端沿杆体周向均匀设有若干个稳定空心挑杆 6的尾翼 15,尾翼 15与浮杆 8之间的空心挑杆 6上套有大浮子 7， 大浮子 7与浮杆 8两端之间设有斜拉绳 12， 空心挑杆 6内沿杆体的轴线穿设有与大浮子 7配合挑起浮杆 8的干出根 缆 10。
实施例 2， 实施例 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 所述空心挑杆 6 的杆体由塑料内管和复合在塑料内管外的复合材料外管组成， 在塑料内管和 复合材料外管之间设有泡沬层， 在空心挑杆的两端设有带通孔的管塞 17。
实施例 3, 实施例 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 在所述尾翼 15 外端的空心挑杆 6上设有夹紧空心挑杆 6杆尾及尾翼 15的第一紧固卡箍 16， 在所述浮杆 8两侧的空心挑杆 6上设有夹紧浮杆 8及空心挑杆 6杆头的第二 紧固卡箍 9。
实施例 4， 实施例 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 在所述大浮子 7 两端的空心挑杆 6上设有调整大浮子 7位置的定位卡箍 14，定位卡箍 14与大 浮子 7之间设有挡板 13。
实施例 5，实施例 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中：在所述浮杆 8上 均匀设有若干个安装孔 11。
实施例 6， 实施例 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中: 在所述大浮子 7 外罩有防止大浮子 7散幵的网套。
实施例 7， 实施例 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置中： 所述斜拉绳 12 对称设置。
实施例 8，一种的潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置，包括由若干横浮 绠 1和纵浮绠 2组成的养殖网田，在每根纵浮绠 2上设有若干个小浮子 3，在 相邻纵浮绠 2之间按列间隔设有干出装置组和网帘组， 每列网帘组由若干固 定在横浮绠 1和纵浮绠 2上的网帘 4组成， 每列干出装置组由若干如实施例 1 - 7所述的自行干出装置组成，每个自行干出装置上的浮杆 8通过紧固件固定 在横浮绠 1上； 在所述养殖网田四周的横浮绠 1和纵浮绠 2上设有若干养殖 网田根缆 5。
实施例 9， 实施例 8所述的潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置中：所述 养殖网田上相邻横浮绠 1之间的间距为 8m〜： L0m，每列干出装置组两侧的纵浮 绠 2之间的间距为 3n！〜 5m，每列网帘组两侧的纵浮绠 2之间的间距为 8m〜； I0m。 实施例 10， 参照图 3， 一种采用如实施例 1-7所述的紫菜养殖用自行干 出装置或实施例 8-9所述的潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置的潮差自行 干出式养殖方法， 将养殖装置沿上涨水流逆流放置在海平面上， 使得自行干 出装置上的浮杆 8顶着海浪放置， 在养殖网田四周及自行干出装置下方的海 底均设有固定桩 18，所述养殖网田根缆 5固定在养殖网田下方的固定桩 18上， 在所述自行干出装置下方的固定桩 18上设有通孔， 通孔内穿有与养殖网田横 浮绠 1平行设置的收放绳 19， 所述自行干出装置中尾翼 15外端的干出根缆 10与收放绳 19相连； 预先调整干出根缆 10和收放绳 19的长度， 涨潮时， 空 心挑杆 6在尾翼 15和斜拉绳 12的作用下保持稳定， 在潮水上涨的浮力和浪 潮的冲击作用下， 推高空心挑杆 6上的大浮子 7， 尾翼 15—端的空心挑杆 6 被海中的干出根缆 10拉住， 浪潮继续冲浮空心挑杆 6上的大浮子 7， 大浮子 7升高带动浮杆 8—端的空心挑杆 6抬起， 从而挑起浮杆 8及养殖网田， 网帘 4也随之升高、离水；退潮时，大浮子 7在潮水回落和浪潮的冲压下向下运动， 尾翼 15—端的空心挑杆 6相对上浮， 浮杆 8及养殖网田被空心挑杆 6放下， 网帘 4浸入海水中。
在没有潮差时， 也可利用该自行干出装置及养殖装置进行人工干出。 上述复合材料外管采用公开的专利号为 ZL201320355207. 1所述的一种可 调式环保型深海水产养殖专用撑杆。
通过调整空心挑杆 6上大浮子 7的位置或是抽拉干出根缆 10调节干出根 缆 10的拉紧程度， 从而控制网帘 4干出的高度及干出时间， 大潮时网帘 4干 出时间为 3〜4小时； 若潮差为 4〜6米， 一般网帘 4的离水高度在 1. 8米以 上； 采用插杆式紫菜养殖装置， 一般是以 100 X 100米 （33亩） 为一个单元， 共需 121 根复合材料撑杆， 44条紫菜养殖网田根缆， 养殖网田的四周需要 44根固定桩， 44个大浮子， 养殖网田上总共有 2500个小浮子， 挂养 1. 8 X 10 米的紫菜网帘 400张； 而采用自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置， 养殖面积变 成 100 X [107， 125]米为一个单元， 要用 88个自行干出装置， 10根海底收放 绳， 56条养殖网田根缆， 92根固定桩， 去除 121根复合材料撑杆、 44个大浮 子和 1250个小浮子，挂养 1. 8 X 10米的紫菜网帘共 320-400张，所用装置少， 管理少， 省时省力。
采菜船在半潮时， 进入网帘 4下收割紫菜更加方便自如， 此时自行干出 装置的挑杆挑起网帘， 但离水不高， 便于采菜船进入网帘 4底下， 实施机械 化采菜， 收割的紫菜含水量不多， 一行一行收割效率高。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 、 一种紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 其特征在于： 包括空心挑杆和浮杆， 空 心挑杆的一端与浮杆中部垂直固定相接， 空心挑杆的另一端沿杆体周向 均匀设有若干个稳定空心挑杆的尾翼，尾翼与浮杆之间的空心挑杆上套 有大浮子， 大浮子与浮杆两端之间设有斜拉绳， 空心挑杆内沿杆体的轴 线穿设有与大浮子配合挑起浮杆的干出根缆。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 其特征在于： 所述空 心挑杆的杆体由塑料内管和复合在塑料内管外的复合材料外管组成，在 塑料内管和复合材料外管之间设有泡沫层，在空心挑杆的两端设有带通 孔的管塞。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 其特征在于： 在所述 尾翼外端的空心挑杆上设有夹紧空心挑杆杆尾及尾翼的第一紧固卡箍， 在所述浮杆两侧的空心挑杆上设有夹紧浮杆及空心挑杆杆头的第二紧 固卡箍。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 其特征在于： 在所述 大浮子两端的空心挑杆上设有调整大浮子位置的定位卡箍， 定位卡箍与 大浮子之间设有挡板。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 其特征在于： 在所述 浮杆上均匀设有若干个安装孔。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 其特征在于： 在所述 大浮子外罩有防止大浮子散开的网套。 、 根据权利要求 1所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置， 其特征在于： 所述斜 拉绳对称设置。
、 一种潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置， 其特征在于： 包括由若干横 浮绠和纵浮绠组成的养殖网田， 在每根纵浮绠上设有若干个小浮子， 在 相邻纵浮绠之间按列间隔设有干出装置组和网帘组，每列网帘组由若干 固定在横浮绠和纵浮绠上的网帘组成，每列干出装置组由若干如权利要 求 1-7中任何一项所述的自行干出装置组成，每个自行干出装置上的浮 杆通过紧固件固定在横浮绠上； 在所述养殖网田四周的横浮绠和纵浮绠 上设有若干养殖网田根缆。
、 根据权利要求 8所述的潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置， 其特征在 于： 所述养殖网田上相邻横浮绠之间的间距为 8ιι！〜 10m， 每列干出装置 组两侧的纵浮绠之间的间距为 3π！〜 5m，每列网帘组两侧的纵浮绠之间的 间距为 8π！〜 10m。
、 一种采用权利要求 1-7任何一项所述的紫菜养殖用自行干出装置或权利 要求 8- 9任何一项所述潮差自行干出式全浮流紫菜养殖装置的潮差自行 干出式养殖方法， 其特征在于： 将养殖装置沿上涨水流逆流放置在海平 面上， 使得自行干出装置上的浮杆顶着浪潮放置， 在养殖网田四周及自 行干出装置下方的海底均设有固定桩，所述养殖网田根缆固定在养殖网 田下方的固定桩上， 在所述自行干出装置下方的固定桩上设有通孔， 通 孔内穿有与养殖网田横浮绠平行设置的收放绳，所述自行干出装置中尾 翼外端的干出根缆与收放绳相连； 预先调整干出根缆和收放绳的长度， 涨潮时， 空心挑杆在尾翼和斜拉绳的作用下保持稳定， 在潮水上涨的浮 力和浪潮的冲击作用下， 推高空心挑杆上的大浮子， 尾翼一端的空心挑 杆被海中的干出根缆拉住， 浪潮继续冲浮空心挑杆上的大浮子， 大浮子 升高带动浮杆一端的空心挑杆抬起， 从而挑起浮杆及养殖网田， 网帘也 随之升高、离水；退潮时，大浮子在潮水回落和浪潮的冲压下向下运动， 尾翼一端的空心挑杆相对上浮， 浮杆及养殖网田被空心挑杆放下， 网帘 浸入海水中。
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