WO2015184997A1 - 风循环智能解冻冰箱 - Google Patents

风循环智能解冻冰箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015184997A1
WO2015184997A1 PCT/CN2015/080741 CN2015080741W WO2015184997A1 WO 2015184997 A1 WO2015184997 A1 WO 2015184997A1 CN 2015080741 W CN2015080741 W CN 2015080741W WO 2015184997 A1 WO2015184997 A1 WO 2015184997A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thawing
intelligent
air
compartment
duct
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/080741
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王淑青
雷桂斌
谢仕义
熊正烨
师文庆
张莹
李灿苹
Original Assignee
广东海洋大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201420298166.1U external-priority patent/CN204027126U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410248083.6A external-priority patent/CN104034109B/zh
Application filed by 广东海洋大学 filed Critical 广东海洋大学
Publication of WO2015184997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015184997A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/02—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cooling compartments at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F25D17/08—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation using ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of refrigeration technology, in particular to a domestic refrigerator for household appliances.
  • the temperature curve of the frozen food in the existing refrigerator is shown in Figure 2.
  • the food is cooled and frozen; in the second stage, the food is frozen and stored; in the third stage, the food is taken out from the refrigerator and placed on the thawing plate to be naturally thawed; Heating and thawing, the user does not have time to wait for room temperature to thaw, and then thawed in warm water or microwave oven.
  • the quickly thawed meat is like a woody taste, and some food is left to be discarded.
  • the experienced user transfers the frozen food from the freezer to the cold storage room.
  • the temperature change of the food is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the temperature change of the frozen food in the cold storage room is shown in the figure.
  • the food In the first stage, the food is cooled and frozen; in the second stage, the food is frozen and stored; In the third stage, the food is slowly thawed in the cold room; in the fourth stage, the food is taken out of the refrigerator and the food is cooked in a normal temperature environment. It is popular on the dining table. But nowadays people are generally lack of sleep, and in the morning busy, they often forget to transfer food from the freezer to the cold room. The result was only a quick thaw, because the taste was too bad and some food was thrown away. Thawing is not convenient, the user either gives up using the freezer, or the freezer is full and there is no time to thaw the cooking.
  • Throat device and refrigerator with thawing device discloses a thawing device for heat-thawing food by heat pipe.
  • "Refrigerator with Thawing Room” CN02121055.1 proposes to use the waste heat of the mechanical room for thawing;
  • "Refrigerator with food thawing device” CN97126440.6 proposed thawing device, this thawing device not only needs electric heater and air supply device, but also There must be a separate room. Therefore, it is a technical problem that the industry needs to solve to provide an automatic thawing refrigerator with a good taste of thawed food.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the thawing process damages the nutrition and taste of the food, and the frozen food is automatically thawed at the user's appointment time to save energy.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator is divided into a plurality of freezing rooms and a refrigerating room, and an insulation layer is insulated between them, and each freezing room has a private sealed door. All freezer rooms have a common sealed door. When storing and taking frozen food, first open the common sealed door, then open the private sealed door of the specific freezer. The private sealed door of the other freezer does not open, reducing the cooling capacity. leakage.
  • the freezing compartment, the refrigerating compartment and the refrigerator casing are respectively provided with temperature sensors, and are connected with a single chip microcomputer to measure the temperatures of the freezing compartment, the refrigerating compartment and the refrigerator casing, and the single-chip microcomputer system independently controls the temperature of each freezing compartment and the refrigerating compartment.
  • An inlet duct and a return duct are connected between each freezer compartment and the refrigerating compartment, and an intake duct of the freezer compartment is connected to a return duct of the refrigerating compartment, and a return duct of the freezer compartment is connected to an intake duct of the refrigerating compartment.
  • the air inlet duct and the return air duct are provided with a solenoid valve and a blowing device, and the single-chip microcomputer controls the solenoid valve and the air supply device to control the circulation of air between the refrigerating chamber and the freezing chamber, so as to control the heat of the refrigerating chamber to slowly flow into the freezing chamber, Achieving frozen food is slowly thawed at the user's appointment time.
  • a filter screen is installed at the air inlet and the air outlet of the air inlet duct, and the air inlet and the air outlet of the return air duct are installed to prevent foreign matter from entering the pipeline.
  • the air outlet duct and the end of the air inlet duct are connected to the electric swing air outlet to make the temperature of the freezer compartment and the refrigerating compartment uniform and the heat exchange is sufficient.
  • the inlet duct and the return duct have a double-layer structure, and the inner duct can be disassembled and cleaned to prevent bacterial growth.
  • the inlet duct of the freezer compartment is located at the bottom of the freezer compartment, and the return duct of the freezer compartment is located at the top of the freezer compartment.
  • the inlet duct of the refrigerating compartment is located at the top, and the return duct of the refrigerating compartment is located at the bottom. The higher temperature gas naturally rises, and the lower temperature gas naturally drops, which is beneficial to sufficient heat exchange.
  • the control method of the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator includes the following steps:
  • the single-chip system records the change of the room temperature outside the refrigerator
  • the input time of the food in each freezer compartment is set by the input device of the single chip system, and the ratio of the natural thawing time to the intelligent thawing time of the wind cycle is set;
  • the single-chip system tests the rate of intelligent thawing of the wind cycle and the rate of natural thawing, estimates the time of the intelligent thawing of the wind cycle and the time of natural thawing, and calculates the start time of the natural thawing and the intelligent thawing of the wind cycle.
  • Natural thawing is the cooling of the freezer compartment, where the temperature of the freezer rises naturally, leading to the thawing of frozen food.
  • the intelligent thawing of the wind cycle is to absorb the heat of the refrigerating chamber through the air circulation duct and the return air duct circulating freezer, that is, the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber perform isothermal processes;
  • the single-chip computer system uses the room temperature change curve recorded outside the refrigerator recorded on the previous day to predict the change of room temperature on the day, and corrects the natural thawing of the frozen food and the starting time point of the intelligent thawing of the wind cycle by using the room temperature and the error of the last thawing;
  • Frozen food in the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator generally undergoes the freezing stage, the cryopreservation stage, the natural thawing stage and the intelligent thawing stage of the wind cycle; the frozen food can also only undergo the freezing stage, the cryopreservation stage and the nature in the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator.
  • the thawing stage; the frozen food in the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator can also only undergo the freezing stage, the cryopreservation stage and the intelligent thawing stage of the wind cycle;
  • the taste and nutrition of the thawed food are better preserved. Comparing the appearance of the thawing process on pork, compared with the traditional thawing, the intelligently thawed pork muscle fiber has less damage, the muscle fiber spacing is smaller, the fascia is more complete, and the juice loss is less.
  • Group 1 is an intelligent thawing experimental group
  • Group 2 is a conventional thawing control group. Compared with traditional defrosted pork, intelligent defrosted pork juice loss was reduced by 4.38%, protein loss was reduced by 0.8712%, and intelligent thawing significantly reduced juice loss and protein loss. In short, the intelligent thawing of the wind cycle better preserves the taste and nutrition of frozen foods.
  • the total cost is slightly reduced, the purchase price is increased, and the use cost is lowered, which is suitable for users of all consumption levels.
  • the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator improves the quality of frozen foods without increasing the total cost, and protects the health of the family members of the users.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the temperature change of frozen food in the existing refrigerator.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the temperature change of the frozen food in the cold room.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the temperature change of the frozen food in the wind cycle.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the refrigerator temperature control system.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the thawing rate determination.
  • Figure 7 is a software flow diagram.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the air circulation intelligent thawing refrigerator structure is divided into a plurality of freezing compartments 101-106 and a refrigerating compartment 107 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the single-chip microcomputer system independently controls the temperature of each of the freezing compartments 101-106 and the refrigerating compartment 107, and the freezing compartments 101-106 and There is an insulation layer between the refrigerating compartments 107, each of which has a private sealed door 111-116, all of which have a common sealing door 117 for storing frozen food to and from the freezing compartment 101.
  • the common sealed door 117 is opened first, and then the private sealed door 111 of the freezer compartment 101 is opened.
  • the other freezer compartments 102-106 are privately sealed doors 112-116.
  • the freezing compartment, the refrigerating compartment and the refrigerator casing are respectively provided with temperature sensors, which are connected to the single-chip microcomputer to measure the temperatures of the freezing compartment, the refrigerating compartment and the refrigerator casing, respectively.
  • Each of the freezing compartment and the refrigerating compartment is connected by an air inlet duct 131-136 and a return air duct 151-156.
  • the duct is provided with solenoid valves 121-126, solenoid valves 141-146 and fans 161-166.
  • the air blowing device is preferably a fan, and may also be a wind wheel or an air pump.
  • the single-chip microcomputer controls the electromagnetic valve 121, the electromagnetic valve 141 and the fan 161 to control the circulation of air between the refrigerating chamber 107 and the freezing chamber 101, so as to control the heat of the refrigerating chamber 107 to slowly flow into the freezing chamber 101, thereby realizing the reservation of frozen food in the user.
  • the time is completed to slowly thaw, and the other freezer compartments 102-106 are similar.
  • a filter screen is installed at the air inlet, the inlet duct and the return duct of the air inlet duct and the return duct to prevent foreign matter from entering the duct, which is not shown in the figure.
  • the outlets of the air outlet duct and the inlet duct are connected to the electric swing tuyere 171-176 to make the temperature of the freezer compartment and the refrigerating compartment uniform and the heat exchange is sufficient.
  • the inlet ducts 151-156 and the return ducts 131-136 have a double-layer structure, and the inner ducts can be disassembled and cleaned to prevent bacterial growth.
  • the intake ducts 151-156 of the freezer compartment are located at the bottom of the freezer compartment, and the return ducts 131-136 of the freezer compartment are located at the top of the freezer compartment.
  • the intake ducts 131-136 of the refrigerating compartment are located at the top of the refrigerating compartment, and the return ducts 151-156 of the refrigerating compartment are located at the bottom of the refrigerating compartment.
  • the higher temperature gas naturally rises, and the lower temperature gas naturally decreases, which is conducive to sufficient heat exchange.
  • the temperature change is shown in Fig. 4: The wind cycle intelligently thawed frozen food temperature change diagram.
  • the piping connection of the other freezing compartments 102-106 and the refrigerating compartment 107 is similar to the piping connection of the freezing compartment 101 and the refrigerating compartment 107, and the description will not be repeated, and 122-126, 132-136, 142-146, 152- 156, 162-166 and 172-176.
  • the control method of the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator includes the following steps:
  • the single-chip system records the change of room temperature outside the refrigerator
  • the user When the user puts the food to be frozen in each of the freezer compartments 101-106, the user inputs the time of the food in each freezer compartment through the input device of the single chip system, and the user sets the ratio of the natural thawing and the intelligent thawing time of the wind cycle.
  • the thawing time is equal to the sum of the natural thawing time and the intelligent thawing time of the wind cycle.
  • the thawing time is all the natural thawing time
  • the thawing time is all the intelligent thawing time of the wind cycle;
  • the SCM system tests the rate of intelligent thawing of the wind cycle and the rate of natural thawing, estimates the time of intelligent thawing of the wind cycle and the time of natural thawing, and calculates the intelligent thawing and natural thawing start time of the wind cycle.
  • Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the determination of the thawing rate shows that the natural thawing is the cooling of the freezing compartment, and the temperature of the freezing compartment naturally rises, leading to the process of thawing the frozen food.
  • the intelligent thawing of the wind cycle is to absorb the heat of the refrigerating chamber through the air circulation duct and the return air duct circulating freezer, that is, the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber perform isothermal processes;
  • the single-chip system uses the room temperature change curve recorded outside the refrigerator recorded on the previous day to predict the change of room temperature on the day, and corrects the natural thawing of the frozen food and the starting time point of the intelligent thawing of the wind cycle by using the room temperature and the error of the last thawing;
  • Frozen food in the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator generally undergoes the freezing phase, the cryopreservation phase, the natural thawing phase and the intelligent thawing phase of the wind cycle; the frozen food in the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator can also only undergo the freezing phase, the cryopreservation phase and the natural thawing Stage; frozen food in the wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator can also only undergo the freezing phase, the cryopreservation phase and the intelligent thawing phase of the wind cycle;
  • Embodiment 2 Experimental system of wind cycle intelligent thawing refrigerator and its experimental results.
  • the design of the refrigerator controller is shown in the structural diagram of the refrigerator temperature control system shown in Fig. 5.
  • the controller system hardware includes a thermistor sensor, an amplifying circuit, a multiplexer, a single chip microcomputer, a multi-channel distributor, a solenoid valve, a fan, a button, a liquid crystal screen, a voice module, or a light emitting diode and a buzzer.
  • the temperature sensor 1-6 measures the temperature of the freezing compartments 101-106
  • the temperature sensor 7 measures the temperature of the refrigerating compartment 107
  • the temperature sensor 8 measures the temperature of the refrigerator casing.
  • the solenoid valves C1-C6 control the flow of the refrigerant in the freezing compartments 101-106
  • the solenoid valve C7 controls the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerating compartment 107
  • the solenoid valve A1, the solenoid valve B1 and the fan 1 control the flow of air in the intake duct 131 and the return duct 151 (as shown in FIG. 1) for the purpose of controlling the heat transfer between the freezing compartment 101 and the refrigerating compartment 107.
  • the heat exchange between the other freezer compartments and the refrigerator compartment is similar.
  • the experimental system mainly uses the following chips Intel8052AH, ADT7320, DG706 and DM74LS138.
  • Intel 8052AH is MCS-51NMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontroller, 32 I / O line, 3 timer / counter, 6 interrupt sources / 4 priority 8KB ROM, 256 bytes of on-chip RAM.
  • the ADT7320 is a 16-bit digital temperature sensor for measuring reference (cold) junction temperatures of ⁇ 0.25°C and temperature ranges from -20°C to +105°C.
  • the ADT7320 is fully factory calibrated and requires no user calibration.
  • the ADG706 is a low voltage CMOS analog multiplexer with 16 single channels.
  • the device switches one of the 16 inputs (S1-S16) to the common output D based on the address determined by the 4-bit binary address lines A0, A1, A2, and A3.
  • the device provides an EN input to enable or disable the device. When disabled, all channels are turned off. On-resistance: 2.5 ⁇ , on-resistance flatness: 0.5 ⁇ , leakage current: 100pA, switching time: 40ns.
  • the experimental system uses 74LS138 as the data distributor. One of the two active terminals is selected as the data input terminal, and the other enable terminals are placed at the active level.
  • Binary encoding of address terminals (A0, A1, and A2) when one strobe (E1) is high and the other two strobes ((E2) and / (E3) are low)
  • the wind cycle intelligently thaws the number of freezer compartments
  • the third freezer is used for the third thawed food
  • the Nth freezer is used for the Nth thawed food
  • seven days a week six days to eat frozen food
  • two freezer compartments are thawed every day.
  • a total of 12 freezer compartments are required.
  • Some families do not go home at noon, eat frozen food for 6 days, and thaw a freezer every day.
  • a total of 6 freezer rooms are required.
  • six freezer compartments are taken as an example.
  • Freezing time TD Freezing time TD
  • natural thawing time TS wind cycle intelligent thawing time TR
  • thawing time error TW thawing time error due to environmental temperature, power change, refrigerator door sealing performance and sensor accuracy, the thawing time is not accurate, we give an error amount, Thaw a little earlier than the appointment time, or give a defrosting temperature error.
  • the single-chip microcomputer system measures V21 (the temperature of the freezing chamber after the solenoid valve connected to the compressor is closed) The rate of natural rise in °C/hr) and V22 (the rate at which the inlet and outlet duct solenoid valves and fans open the freezer compartment after the solenoid valve connected to the compressor is closed, in °C/hour), calculate the natural thawing time TS, and calculate the intelligent thawing time TR of the wind cycle.
  • the solenoid valves and fans of the inlet and return air pipes are closed at other times.
  • Natural Thawing Stage 3 When T>TD, all solenoid valves are closed, the freezer compartment is naturally thawed, and the insulation material of the refrigerator slowly transfers heat to the freezer compartment.
  • Wind cycle intelligent thawing stage 4 When T>TD+TS, the refrigerant solenoid valve is closed, the air inlet pipe and the return air pipe solenoid valve and the fan are opened, and the freezer room circulates the air through the air inlet pipe and the return air pipe to absorb the cold storage room. The heat and the freezing chamber temperature rise rapidly compared with the previous stage, that is, the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber perform an isothermal process.
  • T>TD+TS+TR the food is in a refrigerated state and the thawing is completed.
  • the wind cycle intelligently thawed frozen food temperature change chart shows that at 9 o'clock on Sunday, the user puts pork in the freezer 103 and enters the pork through the keyboard. It is expected that the pork will be taken out at 5 o'clock on Wednesday, and the freezer 103 Work, the food reaches the minimum freezing temperature at 21 o'clock on Sunday, and the natural thawing and wind cycle intelligent thawing rate test is completed at 24 o'clock, and the natural thawing time of the freezer and the intelligent thawing time of the wind cycle are estimated. According to the estimated freezer compartment 103, the full defrosting time of the wind cycle is 10 hours.
  • the natural thawing time is 24 hours.
  • the freezer compartment 103 is closed for cooling, and the freezer compartment 103 enters the natural endothermic and defrosted state.
  • the temperature rises to -6.8 ° C, and the freezer compartment 103 enters the intelligent thawing state of the wind cycle.
  • the air circulation solenoid valve 123, the solenoid valve 143 and the fan 163 are opened for five hours, the temperature of the freezing compartment 103 and the refrigerating compartment 107 is 2.3 °C.
  • the technical solution is applied to a household refrigerator in the household appliance industry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)

Abstract

一种风循环智能解冻冰箱，包括多个隔热的、独立控温的冷冻室（101-106）和冷藏室（107），冷冻室（101-106）和冷藏室（107）之间用进风管道（151-156）和回风管道（131-136）连接，进风管道（151-156）和回风管道（131-136）上装有电磁阀（121-126，141-146）和送风装置（161-166），单片机系统控制电磁阀（121-126，141-146）和送风装置（161-166），循环空气携带冷藏室（107）的热量缓慢流入冷冻室（101-106），冷冻的食物在用户的预约时间完成缓慢自动解冻，最大限度地保留了食物的营养和口感。同时，由于多个独立隔热的冷冻室（101-106）设计和冷冻室（101-106）的冷量缓慢流入冷藏室（107），使该冰箱比现有冰箱节约电能。

Description

风循环智能解冻冰箱 技术领域
本发明涉及制冷技术领域，尤其涉及家用电器的家用冰箱。
背景技术
现有冰箱冷冻食物温度变化曲线如图2所示，1阶段，食物降温冷冻；2阶段，食物处于冷冻保存；3阶段，食物从冰箱内拿出，放在解冻板上自然解冻；4阶段，加热解冻，用户没有时间等候室温解冻，放入温水中或微波炉中解冻。在餐桌上，快速解冻的肉类食品像木头一样的口感，部分食物被剩下最后丢弃。
有经验的用户，将冷冻的食物从冷冻室转入冷藏室，食物的温度变化如图3冷藏室解冻冷冻食物温度变化图所示，1阶段，食物降温冷冻；2阶段，食物处于冷冻保存；3阶段，食物在冷藏室缓慢解冻；4阶段，食物从冰箱内拿出，食物放在常温环境烹饪。在餐桌上备受欢迎。但如今人们普遍睡眠不足，在早晨的忙碌中，经常忘记将食物从冷冻室转入冷藏室。结果又只有快速解冻，因为口感太差，部分食物还是被扔掉。解冻不方便，用户要么放弃使用冷冻室，要么冷冻室满满的没时间解冻烹饪。
文献《解冻装置及设有解冻装置的冰箱》CN201210317665.6公开了一种解冻装置，利用热管传热解冻食物。《具备解冻室的冰箱》CN02121055.1提出采用机械室的废热进行解冻；《具有食品解冻装置的冰箱》CN97126440.6提出的解冻装置，这种解冻装置不仅需要电加热器和送风装置，还要有单独的间室。因此，提供一种解冻食物口感好的自动解冻冰箱成为业界需要解决的技术问题。
 技术问题
本发明需要解决的技术问题在于：减少解冻过程损害食物的营养和口感，冷冻的食物在用户的预约时间自动解冻，节约电能。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：风循环智能解冻冰箱分为多个冷冻室和冷藏室，它们之间设有保温层隔热，每个冷冻室有一个私有的密封门，所有冷冻室有一个公共的密封门，存放和取用冷冻食物的时候，先打开公共的密封门，再打开特定的冷冻室私有的密封门，其它冷冻室私有的密封门不打开，减少冷量泄漏。冷冻室、冷藏室与冰箱外壳分别设置有温度传感器，并与单片机连接，测量冷冻室、冷藏室和冰箱外壳的温度，单片机系统独立控制每个冷冻室和冷藏室的温度。每个冷冻室与冷藏室之间用进风管道和回风管道连接，冷冻室的进风管道与冷藏室的回风管道连接，冷冻室的回风管道与冷藏室的进风管道连接。进风管道和回风管道上装有电磁阀和送风装置，单片机控制电磁阀和送风装置从而控制空气在冷藏室和冷冻室之间循环流动，达到控制冷藏室热量缓慢流入冷冻室的目的，实现冷冻食物在用户预约时间完成缓慢解冻。
进风管道的进风口和出风口，回风管道的进风口和出风口处都装有过滤网，防止异物进入管道。出风管道和进风管道端部连接电动摇摆风口，使冷冻室和冷藏室温度均匀，换热充分。进风管道和回风管道具有双层结构，内层管道可以拆卸清洗，防止细菌滋生。冷冻室的进风管道位于冷冻室的底部，冷冻室的回风管道位于冷冻室的顶部。冷藏室的进风管道位于其顶部，冷藏室的回风管道位于其底部。较高温度气体自然上升，较低温度气体自然下降，有利于充分换热。
风循环智能解冻冰箱的控制方法包括以下步骤：
1）单片机系统记录冰箱外室温变化；
2）用户在每个冷冻室放入待冷冻食物的时候，通过单片机系统输入设备，设定每个冷冻室中食物的预约取用时间，设定自然解冻与风循环智能解冻时间的比值；
3）单片机系统测试风循环智能解冻的速率和自然解冻的速率，估算风循环智能解冻的时间和自然解冻的时间，计算自然解冻和风循环智能解冻开始时间。自然解冻是关闭冷冻室的制冷，冷冻室的温度自然上升，导致冷冻食物解冻的过程。风循环智能解冻是通过空气在进风管道和回风管道循环冷冻室吸收冷藏室的热量，即冷冻室与冷藏室进行等温的过程；
4）单片机系统利用前一天记录的冰箱外室温变化曲线预测当日室温变化，利用当日室温和上次解冻的误差，修正冷冻食物的自然解冻和风循环智能解冻的起始时间点；
5）冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中一般经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段、自然解冻阶段和风循环智能解冻阶段；冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中也可以只是经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段和自然解冻阶段；冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中还可以只是经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段和风循环智能解冻阶段；
6）记录实际解冻时间与预约解冻时间的误差，供下次解冻估算时间时使用。
 有益效果
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1. 解冻食品的口味和营养保留较好。从外观上比较解冻过程对猪肉的影响，与传统解冻相比，智能解冻的猪肉肌纤维破坏程度较小，肌纤维间距较小，肌束膜更完整，汁液损失较少。表1中，组1是智能解冻实验组，组2是传统解冻对照组。与传统的解冻猪肉相比，智能解冻猪肉汁液损失降低了4.38%，蛋白质损失减少0.8712%，智能解冻显著降低汁液损失和蛋白质损失。总之，风循环智能解冻更好地保留了冷冻食品的口味和营养。
表1 营养损失对比表
项目 第一组 第二组
猪肉原料的质量（克） 450.36 453.65
解冻后猪肉的质量（克） 436.04 419.35
解冻损失的汁液 3.18% 7.56%
汁液的蛋白质含量 3.39% 12.95%
总的蛋白质损失 0.1078% 0.9790%
汁液的损失差 4.38%
蛋白质的损失差 0.8712%
2. 节省电力。一方面，由于冷冻室分为多个，每次存取食物只打开相应的冷冻室，冷气泄漏量只有原来的几分之一。另一方面，冷冻室的冷量传导到冷藏室，解冻过程的冷量加以再利用。
3. 综合测算，总成本略有下降，购买价格提高，使用成本下降，适合所有的消费水平的用户使用。风循环智能解冻冰箱在不增加总成本的条件下提高冷冻食品的质量，保障用户的家庭成员健康。
 附图说明
图1 是风循环智能解冻冰箱结构示意图。
图2 是现有冰箱冷冻食物温度变化曲线图。
图3 是冷藏室解冻冷冻食物温度变化图。
图4 是风循环智能解冻冷冻食物温度变化图。
图5 是冰箱控温系统结构示意图。
图6 是解冻速率测定示意图。
图7 是软件流程图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
实施方式 1:
风循环智能解冻冰箱结构如图1所示，分为多个冷冻室101-106和冷藏室107，单片机系统独立控制每个冷冻室101-106和冷藏室107的温度，冷冻室101-106和冷藏室107之间设有保温隔热层，每个冷冻室有一个私有的密封门111-116，所有冷冻室有一个公共的密封门117，存放冷冻食物到冷冻室101和从其中取用冷冻食物时，先打开公共的密封门117，再打开冷冻室101私有的密封门111，其它冷冻室102-106私有的密封门112-116 不打开，减少冷量泄漏。冷冻室、冷藏室与冰箱外壳分别设置有温度传感器，它们与单片机连接分别测量冷冻室、冷藏室和冰箱外壳的温度。每个冷冻室与冷藏室之间用进风管道131-136和回风管道151-156连接，管道上装有电磁阀121-126、电磁阀141-146和风扇161-166。送风装置优选风扇，也可以选择风轮、空气泵。单片机分组控制电磁阀121、电磁阀141和风扇161，从而控制空气在冷藏室107和冷冻室101之间循环流动，达到控制冷藏室107热量缓慢流入冷冻室101的目的，实现冷冻食物在用户预约时间完成缓慢解冻，其它冷冻室102-106与此类似。
进风管道和回风管道的进风口、进风管道和回风管道出风口处装有过滤网，防止异物进入管道，图中未画出。出风管道和进风管道端部连接电动摇摆风口171-176，使冷冻室和冷藏室温度均匀，换热充分。进风管道151-156和回风管道131-136具有双层结构，内层管道可以拆卸清洗，防止细菌滋生。冷冻室的进风管道 151-156位于冷冻室的底部，冷冻室的回风管道131-136位于冷冻室的顶部。冷藏室的进风管道131-136位于冷藏室的顶部，冷藏室的回风管道151-156位于冷藏室的底部。较高温度气体自然上升，较低温度气体自然下降，有利于充分换热，其温度变化如图4风循环智能解冻冷冻食物温度变化图所示。其它冷冻室102-106与冷藏室107的管道连接与冷冻室101与冷藏室107的管道连接类似，不再重复叙述，图中未画出122-126、132-136、142-146、152-156、162-166和172-176。
风循环智能解冻冰箱的控制方法包括下列步骤：
1 ）单片机系统记录冰箱外室温变化；
2 ）用户在每个冷冻室101-106放入待冷冻食物时，通过单片机系统输入设备，用户设定每个冷冻室中食物的预约取用时间，用户设定自然解冻和风循环智能解冻时间的比值，一般情况解冻时间等于自然解冻和风循环智能解冻时间之和，也可以解冻时间全部为自然解冻时间，还可以解冻时间全部为风循环智能解冻时间；
3 ）单片机系统测试风循环智能解冻的速率和自然解冻的速率，估算风循环智能解冻的时间和自然解冻的时间，计算风循环智能解冻和自然解冻开始时间。如图6 解冻速率的测定示意图所示，自然解冻是关闭冷冻室的制冷，冷冻室的温度自然上升，导致冷冻食物解冻的过程。风循环智能解冻是通过空气在进风管道和回风管道循环冷冻室吸收冷藏室的热量，也就是说冷冻室与冷藏室进行等温的过程；
4 ）单片机系统利用前一天记录的冰箱外室温变化曲线预测当日室温变化，利用当日室温和上次解冻的误差，修正冷冻食物的自然解冻和风循环智能解冻的起始时间点；
5 ）冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中一般经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段、自然解冻阶段和风循环智能解冻阶段；冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中也可以只是经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段和自然解冻阶段；冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中还可以只是经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段和风循环智能解冻阶段；
6 ）记录实际解冻时间与预约解冻时间的误差，供下次解冻估算时间时使用。记录实际解冻时间与预约解冻时间的误差，供下次解冻估算时间时使用。
 本发明的实施方式
实施方式2：风循环智能解冻冰箱实验系统及其实验结果。
冰箱控制器的设计，如图5冰箱控温系统结构示意图所示。控制器系统硬件包括热敏电阻传感器、放大电路、多路选择器、单片机、多路分配器、电磁阀、风扇、按键、液晶屏、语音模块或发光二极管和蜂鸣器组成。温度传感器1-6测量冷冻室101-106的温度，温度传感器7测量冷藏室107的温度，温度传感器8测量冰箱外壳的温度。电磁阀C1-C6(图中未画出)控制冷冻室101-106的制冷剂的流动，电磁阀C7(图中未画出)控制冷藏室107的制冷剂的流动，电磁阀A1、电磁阀B1和风扇1控制空气在进风管道131和回风管道151中流动（如图1所示），达到控制冷冻室101和冷藏室107之间热量传递的目的。其它冷冻室与冷藏室热量交换与此类似。
该实验系统主要选用下列芯片Intel8052AH、ADT7320、DG706和DM74LS138。英特尔8052AH是MCS-51NMOS单芯片8位微控制器，32个I/O口线，3定时/计数器，6个中断源/4级优先级8KB的ROM， 256字节片上RAM。ADT7320是16位数字温度传感器，用于测量基准（冷）结温为±0.25℃，温度范围-20℃至+105℃。ADT7320是完全在工厂校准，且无需用户校准。ADG706是一款低压CMOS模拟多路复用器，内置16个单通道。它根据4位二进制地址线A0、A1、A2和A3所确定的地址，将16路输入(S1-S16)之一切换至公共输出D。该器件提供EN输入，用来使能或禁用器件。禁用时，所有通道均关断。导通电阻：2.5Ω，导通电阻平坦度：0.5Ω，泄漏电流：100pA，开关时间：40ns。实验系统选用74LS138作为数据分配器，选择低电平有效的两个使能端之一为数据输入端，其他使能端置于有效电平。当一个选通端（E1）为高电平，另两个选通端（(/E2))和/(E3)）为低电平时，可将地址端（A0、A1和A2）的二进制编码在Y0至Y7对应的输出端以低电平译出。比如：A2A1A0=110时，则输出端Y6输出是低电平信号。
风循环智能解冻冰箱冷冻室的数量，第三冷冻室用于第三次解冻食物，第N冷冻室用于第N次解冻食物，每周七天，六天吃冷冻食物，每天解冻两个冷冻室，共需12个冷冻室。有的家庭，中午不回家，6天吃冷冻食物，每天解冻1个冷冻室，共需6个冷冻室。说明书实施方式中以6个冷冻室为例叙述。
控制器系统软件设计。如图7软件流程图所示，软件流程以其中的第三冷冻室为例说明，其它冷冻室的流程相同，用户放入适量的猪肉，设定取用食物的时间，不同的冷冻室，用户可以设定的不同取用时间，取用食物的时间减去现在的时间为食物在冰箱中的储存时间，食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中的储存时间：T= TD+TS+TR+TW 。冷冻时间TD，自然解冻时间TS，风循环智能解冻时间TR，解冻时间误差TW，由于环境温度、电力变化、冰箱门密封性能和传感器精度的影响，解冻时间不准，我们给定一个误差量，比预约时间提前一点解冻，或者说给出解冻温度误差。
冷冻阶段1，T=0时，制冷打开，进风管道和回风管道的电磁阀和风扇关闭，食物温度下降；
冷冻保存阶段2，T<TD时，制冷间断打开，冷冻室维持冷冻状态，如图6解冻速率测定示意图所示，单片机系统测定V21（连接压缩机的管道的电磁阀关闭后，冷冻室的温度自然上升的速率，单位为℃/小时）和V22（连接压缩机的管道的电磁阀关闭后，进风管道和回风管道电磁阀和风扇打开冷冻室温度上升的速率，单位为 ℃/小时），计算自然解冻时间TS，计算风循环智能解冻时间TR，在本阶段，除了测试的时候，其它时间进风管道和回风管道的电磁阀和风扇关闭。
自然解冻阶段3：T>TD时，所有电磁阀关闭，冷冻室进入自然解冻，冰箱的隔热材料会缓慢传递热量到冷冻室。
风循环智能解冻阶段4：T>TD+TS时，制冷剂电磁阀关闭，进风管道和回风管道电磁阀和风扇打开，冷冻室通过进风管道和回风管道循环的空气吸收冷藏室的热量，冷冻室温度较前一阶段快速上升，也就是说冷冻室与冷藏室进行等温过程。T>TD+TS+TR时，食物处于冷藏状态，解冻完成。
猪肉解冻实验。如图4风循环智能解冻冷冻食物温度变化图所示，星期日9点，用户在冷冻室103中放入猪肉，通过键盘输入取出猪肉的时间，预计星期三下午5点钟取出猪肉烹调，冷冻室103工作，星期日21点钟食物达到最低冷冻温度，24点完成自然解冻和风循环智能解冻速率测试，估算冷冻室自然解冻时间和风循环智能解冻时间。根据估算的冷冻室103全程风循环智能解冻时间为10小时，根据估算的冷冻室103全程自然解冻时间为24小时，星期二24点冷冻室103关闭制冷，冷冻室103进入自然吸热解冻状态，到星期三12点温度上升为-6.8℃，冷冻室103进入风循环智能解冻状态，风循环电磁阀123、电磁阀143和风扇163打开五小时后，冷冻室103和冷藏室107的温度为2.3℃。
 工业实用性
本技术方案实用于家用电器行业的家用冰箱。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种风循环智能解冻冰箱，包括多个冷藏室和冷冻室，单片机系统分别控制每个冷藏室和每个冷冻室的温度，其特征在于：冷冻室的进风管道与冷藏室的回风管道连接，冷冻室的回风管道与冷藏室的进风管道连接。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的风循环智能解冻冰箱，其特征在于：进风管道和回风管道上分别装有电磁阀；进风管道和回风管道其中之一装有送风装置。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的风循环智能解冻冰箱，其特征在于：单片机系统控制进风管道和回风管道上的电磁阀和送风装置，使空气在冷藏室和冷冻室之间循环流动，携带冷藏室热量缓慢流入冷冻室，冷冻食物缓慢解冻。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的风循环智能解冻冰箱，其特征在于：进风管道进风口和回风管道出风口处装有过滤网；出风管道和进风管道端部连接电动摇摆风口。
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的风循环智能解冻冰箱，其特征在于：进风管道和回风管道具有双层结构，内层管道可以拆卸清洗。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的风循环智能解冻冰箱，其特征在于：每个冷冻室有一个私有的密封门，所有冷冻室有一个公共的密封门，存放和取用冷冻食物的时候，先打开公共的密封门，再打开冷冻室私有的私有的密封门，其它冷冻室私有的密封门不打开。
  7. 按照权利要求1所述的风循环智能解冻冰箱，其特征在于：冷冻室的进风管道位于冷冻室的底部，冷冻室的回风管道位于冷冻室的顶部；冷藏室的进风管道位于冷藏室的顶部，冷藏室的回风管道位于冷藏室的底部。
  8. 按照权利要求1所述的风循环智能解冻冰箱的控制方法，包括下列步骤，其特征在于：
    1）单片机系统记录冰箱外室温变化；
    2）在每个冷冻室放入待冷冻食物时，用户通过单片机系统输入设备，设定每个冷冻室中食物的取用时间，设定自然解冻和风循环智能解冻时间的比值；
    3）单片机系统测试风循环智能解冻的速率和自然解冻的速率，估算风循环智能解冻时间和自然解冻时间，计算风循环智能解冻和自然解冻开始时间；
    4）单片机系统利用前一天记录的冰箱外室温变化曲线预测当日室温变化，利用当日室温和上次解冻的误差，修正冷冻食物开始自然解冻和风循环智能解冻的起始时间；
    5）冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中一般经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段、自然解冻阶段和风循环智能解冻阶段；冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中也可以只是经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段和自然解冻阶段；冷冻食物在风循环智能解冻冰箱中还可以只是经历冷冻阶段、冷冻保存阶段和风循环智能解冻阶段；
    6）记录实际解冻时间与预约解冻时间的误差，供下次解冻估算时间时使用。记录实际解冻时间与预约解冻时间的误差，供下次估算解冻时间时使用。
PCT/CN2015/080741 2014-06-06 2015-06-04 风循环智能解冻冰箱 WO2015184997A1 (zh)

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