WO2015177833A1 - Élément de génération d'image virtuelle et dispositif d'affichage tête haute - Google Patents

Élément de génération d'image virtuelle et dispositif d'affichage tête haute Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015177833A1
WO2015177833A1 PCT/JP2014/063171 JP2014063171W WO2015177833A1 WO 2015177833 A1 WO2015177833 A1 WO 2015177833A1 JP 2014063171 W JP2014063171 W JP 2014063171W WO 2015177833 A1 WO2015177833 A1 WO 2015177833A1
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Prior art keywords
light
liquid crystal
cholesteric liquid
crystal layer
incident
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PCT/JP2014/063171
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
孝典 落合
柳澤　琢麿
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パイオニア株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2014/063171 priority Critical patent/WO2015177833A1/fr
Publication of WO2015177833A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015177833A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/0406—Accessories for helmets
    • A42B3/042—Optical devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technical field for visually recognizing an image as a virtual image.
  • HUD head-up display
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 display devices such as a head-up display (hereinafter, referred to as “HUD” as appropriate) for visually recognizing an image as a virtual image
  • a real image image on various displays or an image on a screen projected by a projector
  • a combiner placed in front of the driver's field of view. Make it visible. Accordingly, the driver can visually recognize the instrument, navigation information, and the like superimposed on the scenery without lowering the line of sight while looking forward.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for recognizing a virtual image by an optical collimation device that combines a wavelength-dependent plane mirror and a concave half mirror.
  • JP-A-6-270716 JP 2002-052953 A Japanese Patent No. 2905486
  • the maximum viewing angle of the virtual image visually recognized by the driver is determined according to the distance between the combiner and the driver when the size of the combiner is fixed. That is, if the combiner is close to the driver, the viewing angle is large, and if the combiner is far from the driver, the viewing angle is small. Therefore, in order to make a virtual image as large as possible visible, it is desirable to bring the combiner as close to the driver as possible.
  • the combiner is often provided on the dashboard because of the installation location (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • Examples of the problem to be solved by the present invention include the above. It is a main object of the present invention to provide a virtual image generating element and a head-up display that can suppress the attenuation of the brightness of a virtual image and allow a user to visually recognize the virtual image.
  • the virtual image generating element visually recognizes an image formed by an external device as a virtual image, and has circular dichroism, and circularly polarized image light corresponding to the image is incident thereon.
  • the transmitted image light is reflected, and the reflected image light transmits light reflected by the first optical element.
  • the basic composition of HUD concerning an example is shown.
  • the structure of the combiner which concerns on an Example is shown.
  • the characteristic which a cholesteric liquid crystal layer has is shown.
  • the characteristic which a cholesteric liquid crystal layer has is shown.
  • Sectional drawing of the combiner which showed a mode that real image display light, signal light, and background light inject into a combiner is shown.
  • Sectional drawing of the combiner which concerns on a 1st comparative example is shown.
  • Sectional drawing of the combiner which concerns on a 2nd comparative example is shown. It is the table
  • the structure of the combiner which concerns on the modification 1 is shown.
  • the structure of HUD which concerns on the modification 4 is shown.
  • the structure of the combiner which concerns on the modification 5 is shown.
  • region in FIG. 11 is shown.
  • the structure of the combiner which concerns on the modification 6 is shown. It is a figure which shows the structure of the combiner which combined the modification 5 and the modification 2.
  • FIG. It is the other structural example of the combiner which combined the modification 5 and the modification 2.
  • a virtual image generating element that visually recognizes an image formed by an external device as a virtual image, has circular dichroism, and circularly polarized image light corresponding to the image is generated.
  • the first and second optical elements include: The light from the external device is reflected according to the incident angle of the light, the surface of the first optical element is inclined with respect to the surface of the second optical element, and the second optical element is the first optical element.
  • the image light transmitted through the optical element is reflected, and the reflected image light transmits the light reflected by the first optical element.
  • the virtual image generating element is a combiner, for example, and includes a first optical element and a second optical element.
  • the first optical element has circular dichroism and receives circularly polarized image light.
  • the second optical element has circular dichroism, and image light transmitted through the first optical element is incident thereon.
  • the first and second optical elements reflect the image light according to the incident angle of the light.
  • the first optical element is disposed to be inclined with respect to the second optical element. For example, when the first and second optical elements are flat plates, they are arranged non-parallel.
  • the second optical element reflects the image light transmitted through the first optical element, and transmits the light reflected by the first optical element.
  • the virtual image generation element can make an observer visually recognize a virtual image suitably, without making image light enter into an observer's eyes directly.
  • the virtual image generating element causes the image light emitted from the external device to be emitted at an emission angle different from the incident angle and observed. It makes it enter into a person's eyes, and a virtual image can be visually recognized suitably for an observer.
  • the first and second optical elements have a characteristic of selectively transmitting or reflecting the image light according to an incident angle of the image light.
  • the first optical element transmits incident light from the external device to enter the second optical element, and then reflects the light reflected by the second optical element toward the second optical element.
  • the second optical element can reflect the image light transmitted through the first optical element, and can transmit the light reflected by the first optical element.
  • the first optical element reflects light having a wavelength corresponding to the image light according to an incident angle of the light, and has a wavelength other than the wavelength corresponding to the image light. It has a characteristic of transmitting light having a wavelength. According to this aspect, the virtual image generating element can minimize the optical effect on the background light while reflecting the image light reflected by the second optical element by the first optical element to reach the observer. .
  • either the first optical element or the second optical element is configured in a sawtooth shape having a plurality of surfaces inclined with respect to the surface of the other optical element. ing. According to this aspect, the thickness of the virtual image generating element can be suitably reduced.
  • the first optical element or the second optical element has a curved surface and imparts a lens action to the image light.
  • a virtual image generating element having a magnification can be realized, and the virtual image distance can be increased or decreased.
  • the first and second optical elements have a structure in which cholesteric liquid crystals having a helical pitch corresponding to the wavelength of the image light are stacked, or a film having the same function as the structure. It is. Thereby, the 1st and 2nd optical element which provides the above optical effects with respect to image light is suitably realizable.
  • a head-up display includes an external device and the virtual image generating element described above that visually recognizes an image formed by the external device as a virtual image.
  • the head-up display allows the observer to preferably visually recognize the virtual image without causing the image light to directly enter the eyes of the observer.
  • the external device directly emits circularly polarized image light or emits linearly polarized image light, and the image light emitted by the light emitting unit is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light. It is good to have a conversion part to convert into. Thereby, circularly polarized image light can be incident on the virtual image generating element.
  • the external device is provided near the dashboard of the vehicle, and the virtual image generating element is provided near the ceiling of the vehicle.
  • the head-up display can appropriately make a viewer visually recognize a desired virtual image without causing a feeling of pressure or discomfort.
  • the external device is provided in the vicinity of a dashboard or meter of a two-wheeled vehicle, and the virtual image generating element is attached to an observer.
  • the head-up display allows the observer to preferably visually recognize the virtual image without causing the image light to directly enter the eyes of the observer.
  • at least part of background light such as signal display light can reach the eyes of the observer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of a HUD 300 according to the present embodiment.
  • the HUD 300 according to the present embodiment includes a real image display device 200 installed on a dashboard of a two-wheeled vehicle and a combiner 100 provided in a visor portion of a helmet worn by a driver.
  • a transmissive combiner 100 that transmits light corresponding to a real image is used instead of a reflective combiner that reflects light corresponding to a real image.
  • the combiner 100 imparts an optical action only to light from the real image display device 200 (hereinafter, referred to as “real image display light” as appropriate), thereby realizing real image display light. Is reflected to the driver's head to make the driver visually recognize the virtual image Iv.
  • the combiner 100 minimizes the optical effect on light other than the real image display light (light corresponding to the scenery in front of the vehicle, etc., hereinafter referred to as “background light” as appropriate), and uses background light as much as possible. Make it transparent.
  • the combiner 100 is not limited to being configured as a part of a helmet, but may be configured as a part of a glasses-type or goggles-type attachment.
  • the combiner 100 corresponds to an example of a “virtual image generating element” in the present invention
  • the real image display device 200 corresponds to an example of an “external device” in the present invention.
  • the real image display device 200 emits real image display light composed of light of three primary colors (RGB).
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the combiner 100.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a part of the combiner 100 cut along the traveling direction of light from the real image display device 200 (that is, real image display light).
  • a ⁇ / 4 plate film 250 is attached to the light emitting surface of the real image display device 200, and the linearly polarized light emitted from the light emitting surface of the real image display device 200 is right-rounded by the ⁇ / 4 plate film 250.
  • the light is changed into polarized light and is incident on the combiner 100 from below by a predetermined angle “ ⁇ in ” (here, 40 °).
  • the combiner 100 includes a transparent substrate 23, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21, a transparent substrate 24, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 in this order from the side on which the real image display light is incident.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 has, as reflection characteristics, a wavelength selectivity that selectively reflects light having the same wavelength as the real image display light, a reflection angle selectivity that reflects or transmits incident light according to the incident angle, and right circular polarization only. It has circular dichroism that reflects light.
  • cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C having spiral structures having different spiral pitches are divided into three layers by a glass substrate 28, as shown in FIG.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C selectively reflect only light having a circular polarization component in the same direction as the helical twist and having a wavelength equal to the helical pitch.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C have the same length as the wavelength of red light (R) (650 nm), the wavelength of green light (G) (532 nm), and the wavelength of blue light (B) (450 nm), respectively. It has a spiral pitch and selectively reflects only light that is right circularly polarized light and is incident at an angle within a predetermined range. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 2, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 transmits 100% of the right circularly polarized light incident at a predetermined angle “ ⁇ ′” and then enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 incident at a predetermined angle “ ⁇ ′”. The right-handed circularly polarized light that is reflected light is reflected 100%.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 is an example of the “first optical element” in the present invention.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 has wavelength selectivity, angle selectivity, and circular dichroism as reflection characteristics.
  • cholesteric liquid crystals 27Aa to 27Ca having spiral structures having different spiral pitches are divided into three layers by a glass substrate 28a.
  • it selectively reflects only light having a helical pitch having the same length as the wavelength of blue light and being right circularly polarized light and incident at an angle within a predetermined range.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 reflects 100% of the right circularly polarized light incident at a predetermined angle “ ⁇ in ′” as shown in FIG. 2, and the right circular light that is the reflected light of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 incident thereafter.
  • the polarized light is transmitted 100% and emitted at a predetermined angle “ ⁇ out ” (0 [°] in FIG. 2) equal to the incident angle.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is an example of the “second optical element” in the present invention.
  • the spiral pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 is “p”
  • the wavelength of the real image display light is “ ⁇ ”
  • the incident angle is “ ⁇ ”
  • the average refractive index of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is “n”
  • the spiral pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 is set so that the wavelength of the real image display light is reflected in consideration thereof. It is desirable to decide.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 are arranged so as to be non-parallel. Specifically, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is arranged along a horizontal plane in the combiner 100, whereas the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 is arranged inclined by an angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal plane in the combiner 100. That is, the angle formed between the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is “ ⁇ ”.
  • the reflection characteristics that is, the wavelength selectivity, the angle selectivity, and the circular polarization two colors provided in the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22. Property).
  • FIG. 3A is a graph showing the relationship between the transmittance of right circularly polarized light and the incident wavelength with respect to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21.
  • the solid line graph G21A shows the transmittance of the right circularly polarized light with respect to the change in the incident wavelength when the incident angle is the angle ⁇ ′ (that is, the incident angle of the arrow B1 portion in FIG. 2).
  • the transmittance of right circularly polarized light with respect to a change in incident wavelength when the incident angle is the angle ⁇ ′ (that is, the incident angle of the arrow B3 portion in FIG. 2) is shown.
  • Graph G21a shows the average transmittance (about 70%) of cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 with respect to the entire visible light.
  • the transmittance of the right circularly polarized light when the incident angle indicated by the graph G21A is the angle ⁇ ′ is the wavelength of the blue light (B) (450 nm) and the wavelength of the green light (G) ( 532 nm) and the wavelength of red light (R) (650 nm) (these are also simply referred to as “RGB wavelengths”), both of which are about 100%.
  • the right circularly polarized real image display light reaching the position indicated by the arrow B1 in FIG. 2 is transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 with a transmittance of about 100%.
  • the transmittance of right circularly polarized light at the incident angle ⁇ ′ indicated by the graph G21B is about 0% in the vicinity of the RGB wavelength. Accordingly, the right circularly polarized real image display light reaching the position indicated by the arrow B3 in FIG. 2 is totally reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 has a characteristic that it transmits right-circularly polarized real image display light incident at an angle ⁇ ′ and reflects right-circularly polarized real image display light incident at an angle ⁇ ′. Any other angle may be provided.
  • FIG. 3B is a graph showing the transmittance of left circularly polarized light with respect to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21. As shown in FIG. 3B, when left circularly polarized light is incident, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 transmits the incident left circularly polarized light with a transmittance of 100% regardless of the incident wavelength and the incident angle.
  • FIG. 4A is a graph showing the transmittance with respect to the incident wavelength of right circularly polarized light with respect to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22.
  • the solid line graph G22A shows the transmittance of the right circularly polarized light with respect to the change in the incident wavelength when the incident angle is the angle ⁇ in ′ (that is, the incident angle of the arrow B2 portion in FIG. 2)
  • the graph G22B The transmittance of the right circularly polarized light with respect to the change of the incident wavelength when the incident angle is the angle ⁇ out (that is, the incident angle of the arrow B4 portion in FIG. 2) is shown.
  • Graph G22a shows average transmittance (about 70%) to the whole visible light.
  • the transmittance of right circularly polarized light at the incident angle ⁇ in ′ shown by the graph G22A is about 0% in the vicinity of the RGB wavelength. Therefore, the right circularly polarized real image display light reaching the position indicated by the arrow B2 in FIG. 2 is totally reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22.
  • the transmittance of right circularly polarized light in the case where the incident angle indicated by the graph G22B is the angle ⁇ out is approximately 100% in the vicinity of the RGB wavelength. Accordingly, the right circularly polarized real image display light reaching the position indicated by the arrow B4 in FIG. 2 is transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 with a transmittance of about 100%.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 reflects the real image display light incident at the angle ⁇ in ′ and transmits the real image display light incident at the angle ⁇ out. It may have various characteristics.
  • FIG. 4B is a graph showing the transmittance of left circularly polarized light with respect to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22. As shown in FIG. 4B, when left circularly polarized light is incident, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 transmits the incident left circularly polarized light with a transmittance of 100% regardless of the incident wavelength and the incident angle.
  • the combiner 100 allows the driver to visually recognize the real image display light without attenuating the light, and has the same wavelength as the real image display light among the random polarized light incident from the traffic light ( It is also referred to as “signal light”) and the background light is preferably made visible to the driver.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the combiner 100 showing how the real image display light, the background light, and the signal light are incident on the combiner 100.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 have a predetermined value with respect to real image display light incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle ⁇ in (40 [°] in this case) from below.
  • ⁇ in 40 [°] in this case
  • the light is emitted from the combiner 100 at an emission angle ⁇ out (here, 0 °) while maintaining about 100% brightness, and is guided to the driver's head.
  • the real image display light converted into right circularly polarized light by the ⁇ / 4 plate film 250 is incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle ⁇ in and then refracted at the substrate 23 to become an angle ⁇ in ′. It is incident on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 due to '.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 has an angle selectivity such that the reflectivity with respect to the right circularly polarized light of the RGB wavelength incident at the incident angle ⁇ ′ is about 0%, as shown in the graph G21A of FIG.
  • the incident light is transmitted with a transmittance of 100%, and is emitted as right circularly polarized light at the same emission angle ⁇ ′ as the incident angle.
  • the light transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 at an incident angle ⁇ in ′.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 converts the right-handed circularly polarized light having the RGB wavelength incident at the incident angle ⁇ in ′ by wavelength selectivity, angle selectivity, and circular dichroism. Regular reflection with a reflectance of about 100%. Therefore, the incident light of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is regularly reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 with a reflectance of about 100% at the reflection angle ⁇ in ′, as indicated by an arrow B2.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 reflects the above-described incident light with a reflectance of about 100%, so that direct light from the real image displayed by the real image display device 200 is preferably incident on the eyes of the driver. To suppress. At this time, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 reflects the incident light that is the above-mentioned right circularly polarized light as it is as the right circularly polarized light.
  • the right-handed circularly polarized light of RGB wavelength regularly reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 at an incident angle ⁇ ′.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 has an RGB wavelength right circle incident at an incident angle ⁇ ′ due to wavelength selectivity, angle selectivity, and circular dichroism. Since the reflectance with respect to the polarized light is about 100%, as shown by an arrow B3, the above-described incident light is regularly reflected with a reflectance of about 100%.
  • the left circularly polarized light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 at an incident angle ⁇ out (here, 0 [°]).
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 has a reflectivity of about 0% with respect to right-handed circularly polarized light having an RGB wavelength incident at an incident angle ⁇ out due to angle selectivity.
  • the incident light is transmitted with a transmittance of 100%, and is emitted as right circularly polarized light at the same exit angle ⁇ out as the incident angle.
  • the combiner 100 can allow the driver to visually recognize a virtual image without attenuating the real image display light emitted from the real image display device 200.
  • the incident angle ⁇ in is determined from the installation position of the real image display device 200 and the combiner 100, and the emission angle ⁇ out is determined from the display position of the head and the virtual image.
  • Each angle ⁇ in ′ is an angle inside the substrate of the angle ⁇ in , and can be obtained from Equation (1) according to Snell's law.
  • ⁇ in ′ sin ⁇ 1 (sin ⁇ in / n) Equation (1)
  • ⁇ ′, ⁇ ′, and ⁇ are expressed by the equations (2), (3), and (4), respectively, using the angle ⁇ in ′ when the output angle ⁇ out is 0 [°]. Is done.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 can be uniquely determined.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 regularly reflect light (that is, the incident angle and the reflection angle are equal), and are incident at an incident angle ⁇ in by the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 is inclined with respect to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 in order to realize an optical function of emitting the emitted light at an emission angle ⁇ out different from the incident angle ⁇ in .
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 give a predetermined optical action to the RGB wavelength signal light incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle ⁇ in from above.
  • the light is emitted from the combiner 100 at the emission angle ⁇ out while maintaining the brightness of about 50%, and is guided to the driver's head.
  • the signal light that is randomly polarized light is incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle ⁇ in and then refracted by the substrate 23 to become an angle ⁇ in ′, and is incident on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 at an incident angle ⁇ ′.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 has a reflectance of about 100% for right-handed circularly polarized light of RGB wavelength incident at an incident angle ⁇ ′ as shown by a graph G21B in FIG.
  • the right circular polarization component of the signal light is reflected with a reflectance of about 100%.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 has a transmittance of about 100% for the left circularly polarized light. Therefore, the left circularly polarized light corresponding to about 50% of the entire incident signal light is 100%. And is emitted at the same emission angle ⁇ ′ as the incident angle.
  • the signal light transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 at an incident angle ⁇ in ′.
  • the above-described incident light is left circularly polarized light
  • the transmittance of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 with respect to the left circularly polarized light is about 100% as shown in FIG. 4B. Therefore, in this case, as indicated by an arrow B6, incident light described above, the transmittance of about 100% is transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is emitted from the combiner 100 in exit angle theta in.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 attenuate the signal light incident from above at the same incident angle ⁇ in as the real image display light by about 50%, and display the traffic light to the driver with the brightness of about 50%. Make it visible. Therefore, the combiner 100 allows the driver to visually recognize the virtual image without attenuating the real image display light emitted from the real image display device 200, and has an RGB wavelength incident from above with the same incident angle ⁇ in as the real image display light.
  • the signal light can also be suitably reached by the driver's eyes.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 have about 100% of the left circularly polarized light of the signal light.
  • the signal display can be suitably viewed by the driver.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 transmit light with a transmittance of about 100% due to wavelength selectivity and reach the driver's eyes. be able to.
  • the transmittance of the background light with respect to the right circularly polarized light component is examined.
  • the background light incident substantially perpendicular to the combiner 100 enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 at an incident angle ⁇ ′a.
  • the average transmittance of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 with respect to the entire visible light is about 70%, and therefore the right circularly polarized component of the background light incident on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 Is transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 with a transmittance of about 70% and is incident on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 at an angle ⁇ out .
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 has a transmittance of about 100% for left circularly polarized light
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 similarly has left circularly polarized light as shown in FIG. 4B. Is approximately 100%. Therefore, the left circularly polarized light component of the background light is transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 with a transmittance of about 100%. Therefore, the left circularly polarized component of the background light incident on the combiner 100 is transmitted through the combiner 100 with a transmittance of about 100%.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 can appropriately reach the driver's eyes with respect to the background light, and the driver can visually recognize the forward scenery.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a combiner 100x according to a first comparative example in which dielectric multilayer films 21x and 22x are provided instead of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22.
  • the dielectric multilayer films 21x and 22x have, as reflection characteristics, wavelength selectivity for selectively reflecting light having the same wavelength as that of the real image display light and incident angle dependency that makes the reflectance different depending on the incident angle.
  • the maximum reflectance is set to 50%.
  • the dielectric multilayer film 21x reflects only light having the RGB wavelength and its nearby wavelengths, transmits light incident at an angle ⁇ ′, and transmits light incident at an angle ⁇ ′ of about 50. % Of the maximum reflectance.
  • the dielectric multilayer film 22x reflects only light having the RGB wavelength and a wavelength in the vicinity thereof, and transmits incident light at an angle ⁇ out with a transmittance of about 100%, and an angle ⁇ in ′. The incident light is reflected at a maximum reflectance of about 50%.
  • the ⁇ / 4 plate film 250 is not attached to the real image display device 200.
  • the real image display light transmitted through the dielectric multilayer film 21x with a transmittance of 100% is about 50% by the dielectric multilayer film 22x. It is reflected by the reflectance. Thereafter, the real image display light reflected by the dielectric multilayer film 22x is further reflected by the dielectric multilayer film 21x with a reflectance of about 50%.
  • the real image display light reflected by the dielectric multilayer film 22x is further reflected by the dielectric multilayer film 21x with a reflectance of about 50%.
  • the real image display light incident on the dielectric multilayer film 22x since about 50% of the real image display light incident on the dielectric multilayer film 22x is transmitted, the real image display light (that is, the intermediate image) that is the transmitted light is directly incident on the driver's eyes. To do.
  • the real image display light incident on the driver's eyes maintains a brightness of about 50%, it becomes brighter than the brightness of the virtual image (about 25%), and the visibility deteriorates.
  • combiner 100x the signal light of RGB wavelength entering from above at an angle theta in the dielectric multilayer film about is 50% transmissive at 21x, the dielectric multilayer film 22x with subsequent angle theta in ' About 50% of incident light is transmitted.
  • the combiner 100x makes the driver visually recognize the signal display based on the signal light with the brightness of 25%. Therefore, in the first comparative example, the signal display visually recognized by the driver is darker than in the case of the embodiment (about 50%).
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a combiner 100y according to a second comparative example in which the dielectric multilayer film 22x of the first comparative example is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22.
  • the second comparative example a ⁇ / 4 plate film 250 is attached to the real image display device 200 as in the example.
  • the real image display light transmitted through the dielectric multilayer film 21x with a transmittance of 100% and reflected with the reflectance of about 100% by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is as shown by an arrow B3. Is reflected with a reflectance of about 50%. Thereafter, the reflected light passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 with a transmittance of about 100%. Therefore, in the case of the second comparative example, only about 50% of the real image display light, which is 1 ⁇ 2 of the case of the embodiment, reaches the driver's eyes, and the driving is compared with the case of the embodiment (about 100%). The virtual image that the person visually recognizes becomes dark.
  • FIG. 8 is a table comparing the first comparative example, the second comparative example, and the present embodiment.
  • “transmittance of display light” indicates the transmittance of the real image display light to the combiners 100, 100 x, and 100 y
  • “transmittance of the intermediate image” indicates the real image display light emitted from the real image display device 200. Indicates the ratio of reaching the driver's eyes directly without reflection in the combiner 100, 100x, 100y.
  • the display light transmittance, background light transmittance, and signal light transmittance of the combiner 100 according to the present embodiment are all higher than those of the combiners 100x and 100y according to the first and second comparative examples. Therefore, the combiner 100 which concerns on a present Example can ensure suitably the visibility with respect to the virtual image Iv which shows the information which assists driving
  • the combiner 100 having the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 is superior to the combiners 100x and 100y including at least one of the dielectric multilayer films 21x and 22x, as shown in FIG. .
  • the substrate of the transmission type combiner is preferably a resin from the viewpoint of safety.
  • the dielectric multilayer film is made of an inorganic material such as titanium oxide (TiO 3 ), silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), niobium (Nb 2 O 5 ), tantalum (Ta 2 O 5 ), magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ), etc. Since the thermal expansion coefficient when these layers are laminated is significantly different from the thermal expansion coefficient of the resin substrate, there is a possibility that the adhesive strength of the film may decrease over time or the film may crack in the use environment of the combiner. is there. On the other hand, since the material of the cholesteric liquid crystal film is an organic substance, the coefficient of thermal expansion with the substrate is relatively close, and the above-described problems are unlikely to occur.
  • the dielectric multilayer film is manufactured by a dry manufacturing method that requires a vacuum state, when forming a film on a large substrate such as a combiner, the time required for evacuation becomes long and the manufacturing cost increases.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal film can be manufactured by a roll / To / roll manufacturing method that does not require a vacuum state, so that a large-area film can be manufactured in large quantities and at low cost.
  • the combiner 100 having the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 is superior in durability and cost to the combiners 100x and 100y.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combiner 100a according to the first modification.
  • the combiner 100 a is different from the combiner 100 in that a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 a having a sawtooth shape is used instead of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21a has a plurality of inclined surfaces 21a, and can realize the same function as the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 described above.
  • the inclination of the inclined surface 21a of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21a may be set to the same inclination as the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21. That is, the inclined surface 21 a inclined by the angle ⁇ with respect to the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 may be applied.
  • the thickness of the combiner 100a is thinner than the thickness of the combiner 100 described above by using the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21a that is not tilted per se instead of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 that is tilted as a whole. can do.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 may have a sawtooth shape instead of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21. Even in this case, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is configured to have a surface that is inclined by an angle ⁇ relative to the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21.
  • the combiner 100 is further provided with a lens action as an optical action given to the real image display light.
  • the combiner 100 is provided with a light condensing function and a diffusing function.
  • Such a combiner 100 can be realized by configuring the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 (that is, the reflection surface existing inside the substrate) with a gently curved surface.
  • the combiner 100 having a magnification can be realized, and the virtual image distance can be increased or decreased.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 may be configured with a curved surface and a sawtooth shape. In that case, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 has a Fresnel lens shape.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 is formed by overlapping the three layers of cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C having different helical pitches.
  • a film having the same circular dichroism, wavelength selectivity, and angle selectivity as the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 as reflection characteristics may be used in place of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal film described in International Publication No. WO2011 / 078055 may be used.
  • a film having the same circular dichroism, wavelength selectivity, and angle selectivity as the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 may be used in place of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22.
  • the HUD 300 shown in FIG. 1 is intended for two-wheeled vehicles, but the configuration to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to this and may be applied to four-wheeled vehicles.
  • FIG. 10 shows a configuration of the HUD 300a according to the modification.
  • the HUD 300a shown in FIG. 10 has a configuration in which the real image display device 200 is installed on the dashboard of a four-wheeled vehicle, and the combiner 100 is installed near the ceiling where the sun visor is installed.
  • the viewing angle of the virtual image Iv visually recognized by the driver can be suitably secured, and compared with the case where the real image display device 200 is installed on the ceiling, the feeling of pressure given to the driver is suppressed, Installation is easy because there is no need to route the power supply to the ceiling.
  • the combiner 100 shown in FIG. 10 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, and the real image display light emitted from the real image display device 200 is optically applied by the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21 and 22. Guided by the eyes of the driver, the optical effect on background light and signal light is minimized and transmitted. Therefore, the HUD 300a has the characteristics shown in the table of FIG. 8 as in the embodiment by having the combiner 100, and it is possible to suitably ensure the visibility of the real image display light, the signal light, and the background light. it can.
  • the real image display device 200 is not limited to being provided on the dashboard, but the real image display device 200 may be provided on the instrument panel or the center console. That is, the real image display device 200 is not limited to being configured as an on-dash type, and the real image display device 200 may be configured as an in-dash type.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 are separately formed so that the relative positions of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 can be changed.
  • You may comprise as a member.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a four-wheeled vehicle combiner 100c based on the fourth modification.
  • a combiner 100c according to this modification includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c, transparent substrates 33 and 34, and holding units 35 and 36.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 33 opposite to the surface on which the real image display light is incident
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c is formed on the surface of the substrate 34 on the side on which the real image display light is incident.
  • the substrates 33 and 34 are configured as parallel flat plates.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 c and the substrate 33 are held by the holding unit 35, and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 c and the substrate 34 are held by the holding unit 36.
  • the holding part 35 and the holding part 36 are rotatably attached using a common shaft.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c and the substrate 33 held by the holding unit 35 rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow Ar1
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c and the substrate 34 held by the holding unit 36 rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow Ar2.
  • the combiner 100c is not limited to rotate both the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c, and one of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c is fixed and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c is fixed.
  • the combiner 100c may be configured such that only the other of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c rotates.
  • FIG. 12 shows a side view of the combiner 100c in which the broken line region R1 in FIG. 11 is enlarged and displayed.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c shown in FIG. 12 reflects only the light having the RGB wavelength and its neighboring wavelengths, transmits the light incident at the angle “ ⁇ in + ⁇ ”, and transmits the light incident at the angle “ ⁇ in ⁇ ”. It has the characteristic of total reflection.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c reflects only the light of the RGB wavelength and its nearby wavelengths, totally reflects the light incident at the angle “ ⁇ in”, and totally reflects the light incident at the angle “ ⁇ out ”. It has characteristics.
  • the incident angle “from the real image display device 200 is given by applying a predetermined optical action to the real image display light by the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 21c and 22c.
  • the real image display light incident on the combiner 100c at “ ⁇ in + ⁇ ” is emitted from the combiner 100c at the emission angle ⁇ out and guided to the driver's head while maintaining about 100% brightness.
  • the right circularly polarized light incident on the combiner 100c at the incident angle “ ⁇ in + ⁇ ” from the real image display device 200 is transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c with a transmittance of about 100%, as indicated by an arrow C1. Then, the light enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c. Thereafter, the light incident on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c at an incident angle theta in, as shown by the arrow C2, reflected by about 100% reflectance at the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c at the reflection angle theta in.
  • the incident angle "theta in -.phi” incident on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c as shown by the arrow C3
  • the combiner 100c is configured such that the brightness of the signal light incident on the combiner 100 from above is maintained at about 50%, and the brightness of the background light is maintained at 75%, while the driver's head. Lead to. Therefore, according to this modification, the driver can also visually recognize the signal display and the front landscape while viewing the virtual image Iv.
  • the member for example, a parallel plate
  • the member composed of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c and the substrate 33 and the member (for example, the parallel plate) composed of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c and the substrate 34 can be made thin.
  • the weight of the combiner 100c itself can be reduced.
  • the modification 6 shows an example in which the arrangement of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c and the substrate 33 in the combiner 100c shown in the modification 5 and the arrangement of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c and the substrate 34 are converted.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of combiners 100c1 to 100c3 according to Modification 6. As shown in FIGS. 13A to 13C, in the combiners 100c1 to 100c3, the positions at which the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c are respectively formed on the substrates 33 and 34 are modified as shown in FIG. 5 different from the combiner 100c according to FIG.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 33 on the side on which the real image display light is incident, and the substrate 34 on the side opposite to the surface on which the real image display light is incident.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c is formed on the surface.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 33 opposite to the surface on which the real image display light is incident, and the surface on the opposite side to the surface on which the real image display light is incident.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 c is formed on the surface of the substrate 34.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 33 on the side where the real image display light is incident, and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 34 on which the real image display light is incident.
  • a liquid crystal layer 22c is formed.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combiner 100c4 in which the fifth modification and the second modification are combined.
  • the combiner 100c4 uses a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21ca configured in a shape having a gentle curvature (meniscus lens shape) instead of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21c configured in a parallel plate. Different from the combiner 100c.
  • the substrate 33a to which the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21ca is attached also has a shape having a gentle curvature.
  • a lens action can be further given to the real image display light. Therefore, according to the example of FIG. 14, the combiner 100c4 having a magnification can be realized, and the virtual image distance can be increased or decreased.
  • FIG. 15 shows a combiner 100c5 according to another configuration example in which the fifth modification and the second modification are combined.
  • the combiner 100c5 includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22ca formed of parallel plates and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22ca formed of a shape having a gentle curvature (meniscus lens shape) instead of the base plate 33a shown in FIG. A base 34a having a gentle curvature is provided.
  • the example of FIG. 15 can also obtain the same effect as the example of FIG.
  • the real image display device 200 emits real image display light composed of RGB light having wavelengths of 450, 532, and 650 nm, but the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, the real image display light may be composed of light having other wavelengths. Even in this case, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 are configured to have wavelength selectivity corresponding to the wavelength of the real image display light.
  • the combiner 100 allows the driver to visually recognize the background light and the signal light having the same wavelength as the real image display light while allowing the driver to visually recognize the virtual image based on the real image display light with appropriate brightness. Can do.

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objectif de réaliser un élément de génération d'image virtuelle et un dispositif d'affichage tête haute capable de supprimer l'atténuation de la luminance d'une image virtuelle de telle sorte qu'un utilisateur puisse visualiser l'image virtuelle de manière appropriée. Un élément de génération d'image virtuelle (100) selon la présente invention comprend des couches de cristaux liquides cholestériques (21, 22). La couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques (21) est dichroïque circulaire et la lumière d'image provenant de la lumière à polarisation circulaire est incidente sur celle-ci. La couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques (22) est dichroïque circulaire, et la lumière d'image transmise à travers la couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques (21) est incidente sur celle-ci. La surface de la couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques (21) est inclinée par rapport à la surface de la couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques (22). La couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques (22) réfléchit la lumière d'image transmise à travers la couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques (21) et transmet la lumière réfléchie depuis celle-ci et ensuite réfléchie depuis la couche de cristaux liquides cholestériques (21).
PCT/JP2014/063171 2014-05-19 2014-05-19 Élément de génération d'image virtuelle et dispositif d'affichage tête haute WO2015177833A1 (fr)

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