WO2015176700A1

WO2015176700A1 - Roller cutter and tunnelling machine

Info

Publication number: WO2015176700A1
Application number: PCT/DE2015/000246
Authority: WO
Inventors: Markus ALLWICHER
Original assignee: KaLoTec GmbH
Priority date: 2014-05-19
Filing date: 2015-05-18
Publication date: 2015-11-26
Also published as: DE112015002384A5; DE102014013846A1

Abstract

The invention relates to roller cutters which can be used on rotary tool holders, such as a drilling head or a cutting wheel of tunnelling machines or similar drilling devices for excavating the ground, and which comprise a mounted roller cutter main body with one or more exchangeable or non-exchangeable cutting edges or cutting rings. Radial bearings are integrated in these roller cutters to absorb radial forces, and axial bearings to absorb axial forces, all the axial bearings being arranged axially outside the one or more radial bearings.

Description

Cutting roller and tunnel boring machine

[01] The invention relates to a cutting roll for releasing soil when used on a cutting wheel or drill head, comprising an axial cylindrical roller bearing and a radial cylindrical roller bearing, and a tunnel boring machine having such a cutting roller.

[02] In particular, the invention is directed to the storage of cutting rollers which can be installed on rotating tool carriers (drill head or cutting wheel) of tunnel boring machines and which comprise a mounted cutting roller base body with one or more exchangeable or non-exchangeable cutting edges (cutting rings).

[03] Tunneling projects are currently being increasingly implemented with the help of tunnel boring machines. The nature of the present subsoil influences the choice of the mining tools to be used. Rolling mining tools (cutting rollers) are mainly used for the mining of rock or hard rock. In soil or loose rock, cutting rollers are often used as a supplement to sliding mining tools. During the mining process, the cutting rollers are guided by the rotating drill head (or the rotating cutting wheel) under pressure over the working face. As a result, the cutting rollers roll on the working face and simultaneously loosen the ground. Meanwhile, the mining tools are exposed to very high and sometimes shock loads in the radial and axial directions, leading to damage and ultimately failure of the cutting roller bearing.

[04] The available space for the cutting rollers space is specified by the drill head (or the cutting wheel) and limits the size of the usable bearings. According to the current state of the art, cutting rollers are predominantly designed with tapered roller bearings which simultaneously absorb radial and axial loads.

| Confirmation copy | [05] The design of the cutting roller bearings is based on acquired experience and has remained largely unchanged over the past 50 years from the bearing concept. Embodiments show the US 1965/3216513, DE 1987/3702281 AI and US 2012/0212034 AI. The bearing arrangements shown there have proven themselves in the context of their short life due to the heavy loads. Since cutting rollers are critical components which can cause considerable damage as a result of failure, the proven bearing arrangements are generally not questioned or changed by a person skilled in the art. [06] Cutting rollers are loaded with large forces acting in the radial direction. The mean forces are around 250 kN and peak loads are around 2500 kN. About 1/10 of this load acts in the axial direction. In addition to tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings are suitable for absorbing these forces. However, a separate Axiallagerung must be provided to accommodate the axial forces. Tapered roller bearing cutting rollers are currently used by most manufacturers in various designs. Less frequently, cutting rollers with cylindrical roller bearings are used in which the loads are absorbed by separate axial and radial cylindrical roller bearings. The axial cylindrical roller bearings are arranged between the radial cylindrical roller bearings. [07] The object of the invention is directed to the improvement of the bearing life of cutting rollers.

[08] This object is achieved with a cutting roller having the features of patent claim 1.

[09] The invention is based on the finding that cutting rollers with tapered roller bearings have a short bearing life, in particular with high and impact loads. Cutting rollers with cylindrical roller bearings and internal thrust bearings are limited by their height in the space for the radial cylindrical roller bearings. This leads to a limited bearing life of the radial cylindrical roller bearings (FIG a, 2 b). In addition, an unfavorable power flow can be observed within the cutter roll main body.

According to the invention, it is therefore proposed to arrange the axial cylindrical rollers of the axial cylindrical roller bearing in the axial direction outside all radial cylinder grooves of the radial cylindrical roller bearing and to arrange the radial cylinder rollers between the running surfaces of the axial cylindrical rollers. Thus, a radial cylindrical roller bearing and a separate, external axial cylindrical roller bearing are proposed in which the axial bearings are arranged in the axial direction outside the radial bearings. The roller bearing is characterized by the separate transmission of the radial and axial forces as well as the axially arranged outside the radial bearing thrust bearing.

[1 1] The radial and axial bearings of the cutting rollers are designed as roller bearings with rolling elements. As rolling elements cylindrical rollers are used in this bearing arrangement both for the radial and the Axialwälzkörperlagerung. Bearings with cylindrical rollers achieve high bearing yields and have manufacturing tolerances favorable to produce bearing surfaces.

[12] In contrast to the cutting rollers known from the prior art, the loads are absorbed by a novel arrangement of axial and radial cylindrical roller bearings in the newly developed cutting roller bearing. This novel bearing arrangement increases the usable space for the radial cylindrical roller bearings and allows a significant increase in the achievable bearing life compared to the known with cutting rollers bearing assemblies.

[13] Furthermore, there is no need to guide the axial forces via the bearing outer rings as shown in FIG. 2 a or via bearing inner rings as shown in FIG. 2 b to the axis so that space for the radial bearings in the radial direction is released. By this bearing arrangement, the choice of Wälzkörperdurchmesser and pitch circle diameter of Wälzkörpersätze can be largely independent of the size of the Axialzylinderrollenlager.

[15] Larger rolling element diameters and pitch circle diameters of the rolling element roller sets enable greater bearing yields and thus improved bearing life of the radial cylindrical roller bearings. This results from the calculation approach for the dynamic bearing yield from DIN ISO 281:

7 3 29

C _r = b _m xf _c x (ix L _we > x ϊ x D _we ".

[16] In addition, the principle of direct force flow significantly improves the flow of force.

Ultimately, the support effect of the bearing assembly with external axial cylindrical roller bearings is improved in comparison to the bearing arrangement with internal cylindrical roller bearings.

[18] It is advantageous if the radial cylindrical rollers intersect a line between the axial cylindrical rollers. The radial cylinder rollers are thus in the space between the axial cylindrical rollers and thus at the same radial height. In contrast, Figures 2 a and 2 b show axial cylindrical rollers which are arranged either radially outside or inside a line connecting the radial cylinder rollers.

[19] The radial bearings used are preferably designed without a rolling element cage. The use of full complement radial cylindrical roller bearings without Wälzkörperkäfig is advantageous for cutting rollers, as a full complement bearing design can achieve higher load ratings than bearings with Wälzkörperkäfig.

[20] The radial bearings used may have different numbers of parallel rows of rolling elements. The use of three parallel rows of rolling elements can be advantageous since the flank load of the rolling elements is lower for short effective rolling element lengths. On the other hand, the use can of two rows of rolling elements may be advantageous with regard to the usable total effective rolling element length and thus possibly increase the bearing life.

[21] Drive seals are usually paired. An embodiment in which the axle is used as a second sealing surface for the drive seal or the drive seals can be advantageous. As a result, the space required for the seal in the axial direction can be reduced. Alternatively, the cutting roller may have a main body and at least one drive seal, in which the main body serves as a second sealing surface for the drive seal or the drive seals. [22] In a preferred embodiment variant, the cutting roller has at least one cover which serves as a bearing running surface for the axial cylindrical roller bearing and at the same time forms the seat for a drive seal half.

For manufacturing and cost reasons, it may be advantageous to perform the cutting roller with two screw-on lids. [24] The cutting roller can also be made without sleeves. The use of a spacer sleeve, as shown in Figure 4 by the reference numeral 53 and in Figure 5 by the reference numeral 69, has the advantage that the lid on the right and the left side can be made identical with different mounting direction of the axis. The use of a sleeve with play, shown in Figure 4 with the reference numeral 54 and in Figure 5 with the reference numeral 70, prevents the displacement of the bearing outer ring by a detrimental amount during operation.

[25] Further advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[26] The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to two exemplary embodiments. 1 shows a sectional view of a known cutting roller with tapered roller bearing, FIG. 2 shows cutting rollers known in principle with a radial cylindrical roller bearing and a separate internal axial roller bearing, FIG.

Figure 3 in a schematic representation according to the invention cutting rollers with radial cylindrical roller bearing and separate, external axial cylindrical roller bearing, Figure 4 is a sectional view of a cutting roller according to the invention with separate axial and radial bearings and indirect power flow and

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a cutting roller according to the invention with separate axial and radial bearings and direct power flow.

The cutter 1 shown in Fig. 1 is of a type currently or in a similar form used for cutting rollers in most cases. On an axis 2 of the base body 3 of the cutting ring 4 is stored. The cutting ring 4 is held with a locking ring 5 and the storage is closed by a seal 6. A thread-side O-ring 7 cooperates with a thread-side cover 8 and the axis 2 and a collar-side O-ring 10 cooperates with a collar-side dekel 9 and the axis 2. Between a bearing inner ring 1 1 and the bearing outer ring 12 are the rolling elements 13th

[28] Less commonly used are cylindrical roller bearing cutting rollers, where the loads are absorbed by separate axial and radial cylindrical roller bearings. FIG. 2 shows two schematic representations 2 a and 2 b, in which the axial cylinder rollers 20 and 21 are arranged between the radial cylindrical rollers 22 and 23 and the axial cylindrical rollers 24 and 25 are located between the radial cylindrical rollers 26 and 27.

FIG. 3 shows two schematic representations 3 a and 3 b according to the invention, in which the axial cylindrical rollers 28 and 29 are arranged outside the radial cylindrical rollers 30 and 31 and the axial cylindrical rollers 32 and 33 outside the radial cylindrical rollers 34 and 35. FIG. 3 thus shows in FIG. 3 a a cutting roller with a radial cylindrical roller bearing with a separate, external axial cylindrical roller bearing, in which the axial bearings are arranged in the axial direction outside the radial bearings with indirect force flow and in FIG. 3 b with direct force flow. In this embodiment, the axis serves as Lagerl on surface for the radial cylinder rollers and the axial cylindrical rollers and the axial cylinder rollers used are designed with Wälzkörperkäfig.

[31] The concept of indirect force flow shown in Figure 3 a is shown in a constructive implementation in Figure 4 as a sectional view.

[32] In the case of the cutting roller 40, two covers 42 and 43 are arranged on the axle 41, which serve as a bearing running surface for the axial cylindrical rollers 44 and 45 and at the same time form the seat for the drive seal halves 46 and 47. The preload of the mounting of the axial cylindrical rollers 44, 45 can be adjusted via one of the covers 42 that can be screwed into the main body 48.

The cutting roller 40 can be designed on one side to facilitate the mounting and to set the bias voltage with a screwable cover 42 and on the opposite side with a fixed or detachably connected to the main body 48 cover 43. For manufacturing and cost reasons, the cutting roller 40 shown in Figure 4 is designed with two screwable covers 42, 43.

[34] The bearing surface of the outer ring of the bearings of the radial cylinder rollers 50 can be applied directly to the inside of the main body 48. It may be advantageous to apply the bearing surface on a press-fitting bearing outer ring 49.

[35] The cutting ring 51 is held with a retaining ring 52 and the base 48 is between a spacer sleeve 53 and a sleeve 54 with play. The O-rings 55, 56 seal between the base body 48 and cover 42 and 43, respectively.

The cutting roller 60 has an axis 63 and a base 64, on which secured with a locking ring 65, a cutting ring 66 is arranged. The seals 67 and 75 and the O-rings 68 and 76 seal the covers 61 and 62. The spacer sleeve 69 and the sleeve with play 70 prevent displacement of the bearing inner ring 71. Between the bearing inner ring 71 and the base body 64, the radial cylindrical rollers 72 are arranged. The axial cylindrical rollers 73 and 74 lie between the dents 61 and 62 and the main body 64.

Claims

claims:

A cutting roll (40, 60) for releasing ground when used on a cutting wheel or drill head, having an axial cylindrical roller bearing and a radial cylindrical roller bearing, characterized in that the axial cylindrical rollers (28, 29, 32, 33, 44, 45, 73, 74) of the Axialzylinderrollenlagerung in the axial direction outside all radial cylindrical rollers (30, 31, 34, 35, 50, 72) of the radial cylindrical roller bearings are arranged and the radial cylindrical rollers (30, 31, 34, 35, 50, 72) between the running surfaces of the axial cylindrical rollers (28, 29, 32, 33, 44, 45, 73, 74) are arranged.

2. Cutting roller according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial cylindrical rollers (30, 31, 34, 35, 50, 72) intersect a line between the axial cylindrical rollers (28, 29, 32, 33, 44, 45, 73, 74).

3. Cutting roller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial cylindrical roller bearing radial cylinder rollers (30, 31, 34, 35, 50, 72) without roller body cage.

4. Cutting roller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial cylindrical roller bearing has two or three parallel rows of rolling bodies.

5. Cutting roller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an axis (41) and at least one drive seal (46), wherein the axis (41) serves as a second sealing surface for the drive seal (46),

6. Cutting roller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a base body (64) and at least one drive seal (67), wherein the base body (64) serves as a second sealing surface for the drive seal (67).

7. Cutting roller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one cover (42, 61) which serves as a bearing surface for the axial cylindrical roller bearings (44, 74) and at the same time forms the seat for a drive seal half.

8. Cutting roller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is formed with two screwable covers (42, 43, 61, 62).

9. Cutting roller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a spacer sleeve (53, 69) between a bearing outer ring (49) or a bearing inner ring (71) and a cover (43, 62).

10. Cutting roller according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a sleeve (54, 71) with play between a bearing outer ring (49) or a bearing inner ring (71) and a cover (42, 61).

1 1. Tunneling machine with a cutting roller (40, 60) according to any one of the preceding claims.