WO2015176381A1 - 一种电力线载波功率放大电路 - Google Patents

一种电力线载波功率放大电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015176381A1
WO2015176381A1 PCT/CN2014/082635 CN2014082635W WO2015176381A1 WO 2015176381 A1 WO2015176381 A1 WO 2015176381A1 CN 2014082635 W CN2014082635 W CN 2014082635W WO 2015176381 A1 WO2015176381 A1 WO 2015176381A1
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Prior art keywords
module
transistor
resistor
capacitor
power
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PCT/CN2014/082635
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘再乐
岳京兴
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瑞斯康微电子（深圳）有限公司
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Publication of WO2015176381A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015176381A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/72—Gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to power line carrier communication technology, and in particular to a power line carrier power amplification circuit.
  • Power line carrier communication technology is a technology for data communication through a mains supply line that modulates data onto a sinusoidal carrier that is different from the mains frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz).
  • various sources of interference on the mains grid such as electromagnetic interference caused by various inferior switching power supplies, shocks caused by the start and stop of various electrical equipment, various contents.
  • the instantaneous access of the sexual and inductive loads causes changes in the load, interference generated when the electric vehicle charger is charged, and the like.
  • These interferences not only affect the performance of power line carrier communication, but even some interference sources can directly penetrate the power amplifier circuit on the power line carrier communication products, resulting in direct burning of the product. Therefore, in order to make the product able to withstand the impact of various disturbances without damage, and to ensure that the communication effect is not affected, the power line carrier power amplifier circuit has higher requirements.
  • the existing power line carrier power amplifying circuit is either a single-powered discrete component OTL (Output Transformer) Less, single-supply, no-output transformer) carrier power amplifier circuit, or power amplifier circuit designed with audio power amplifier chip.
  • OTL Output Transformer
  • Several power amplifying circuits currently in use can work normally in a good power grid environment, but in a strong interference source environment, such as the interference of a battery car charger, it will be instantly blown down by heat and burned.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power line carrier power amplifying circuit, which aims to resist strong interference and ensure the carrier transmission performance under the premise of normal operation and protection from harmful effects.
  • a power line carrier power amplifying circuit comprising an enabling switch, a low pass filtering module, a preamplifier voltage amplifying module, a power amplifying module and a signal coupling module;
  • a first end of the enable switch inputs a power supply voltage
  • a second end of the enable switch is connected to a first end of the front stage voltage amplifying module, and the enable switch is further connected to control a power on/off Can control the signal input terminal;
  • the first end of the low-pass filter module is connected to the modulation carrier signal input end, and the second end of the low-pass filter module is connected to the second end of the pre-stage voltage amplification module;
  • the first end of the power amplifying module inputs the power voltage
  • the second end of the power amplifying module is connected to the third end of the preamplifier module
  • the third end of the power amplifying module is connected to the signal Coupling the first end of the module
  • the second end of the signal coupling module is connected to the live line of the power line, and the third end of the signal coupling module is connected to the neutral line of the power line.
  • the power line carrier power amplifying circuit further includes a band pass filtering module, the band pass filtering module is connected between the power amplifying module and the signal coupling module, and the first end of the band pass filtering module is connected The third end of the power amplification module, the second end of the band pass filter module is connected to the first end of the signal coupling module.
  • the enable switch includes: a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R5, a NPN type transistor Q1, a PNP type transistor Q2, and a diode D1;
  • One end of the resistor R1 is connected to an enable control signal input end, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded;
  • the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to the enable control signal input terminal through the resistor R2, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is grounded, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1; the diode The cathode of D1 is connected to the power supply voltage through the resistor R3 and the resistor R5;
  • the base of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R3, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the power supply voltage, and the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the first end of the front voltage amplifying module.
  • the low pass filter module includes a capacitor C1, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, and an inductor L1;
  • One end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the input end of the modulated carrier signal, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded;
  • One end of the inductor L1 is connected to the input end of the modulated carrier signal, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the second end of the pre-stage voltage amplifying module;
  • One end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the other end of the inductor L1, and the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded.
  • the pre-stage voltage amplifying module comprises a resistor R4, a resistor R6, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a capacitor C8, an NPN transistor Q3, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, PNP type transistor Q4, NPN type transistor Q6 and capacitor C2;
  • the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the second end of the low-pass filter module, the emitter of the transistor Q3 is grounded through the resistor R9 and the capacitor C8, and the collector of the transistor Q3 passes through the resistor R6
  • the resistor R4 is connected to the second end of the low-pass filter module, one end of the resistor R8 is connected to the second end of the low-pass filter module, and the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded;
  • the base of the transistor Q4 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q3, and the emitter of the transistor Q4 is connected to the second end of the low-pass filter module through the resistor R4, and the collector of the transistor Q4 passes through the a diode D2 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q6, and the capacitor C3 is connected between the base and the collector of the transistor Q4;
  • the base of the transistor Q6 is connected to the second end of the low-pass filter module through the resistor R10 and the resistor R4, and the emitter of the transistor Q6 is grounded through the resistor R12;
  • the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the base of the transistor Q6, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the anode of the diode D4, the cathode of the diode D4 is grounded, and one end of the resistor R11 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q3. The other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the second end of the power amplifying module.
  • the power amplifying module comprises an NPN type transistor Q5, a capacitor C9 and a PNP type transistor Q7;
  • the base of the transistor Q5 is connected to the voltage amplifier module of the front stage, the emitter of the transistor Q5 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q7, and the collector of the transistor Q5 is connected to the power supply voltage;
  • the base of the transistor Q7 is connected to the second end of the voltage amplifier module of the front stage, the emitter of the transistor Q7 is connected to one end of the capacitor C9, the collector of the transistor Q7 is grounded, and the capacitor C9 is One end is connected to the first end of the band pass filter module.
  • the signal coupling module includes a capacitor C12, an inductor L4, a coupling coil BT1, and a TVS tube;
  • One end of the TVS tube is connected to one end of the first coil N1 of the coupling coil BT1, and the other end of the TVS tube is connected to the other end of the first coil N1 of the coupling coil BT1, and the other end of the TVS tube is simultaneously Grounding
  • One end of the second coil N2 of the coupling coil BT1 is connected to the live line of the power line through the capacitor C12 and the inductor L4, and the other end of the second coil N2 of the coupling coil BT1 is connected to the neutral line of the power line.
  • the band pass filter module includes an inductor L2, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, and an inductor L3;
  • One end of the inductor L2 is connected to one end of the power amplifier module, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected to one end of the capacitor C10, and the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected to one end of the inductor L3;
  • One end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C10, and the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the other end of the inductor L3.
  • the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the power line carrier power amplifying circuit uses a signal coupling module and a band pass filtering module to vent and block the power grid interference source, and blocks the interference source at the leading edge of the product inlet.
  • the power line carrier power amplifying circuit uses a signal coupling module and a band pass filtering module to vent and block the power grid interference source, and blocks the interference source at the leading edge of the product inlet.
  • the power line carrier power amplifying circuit uses a signal coupling module and a band pass filtering module to vent and block the power grid interference source, and blocks the interference source at the leading edge of the product inlet.
  • the power line carrier power amplifying circuit uses a signal coupling module and a band pass filtering module to vent and block the power grid interference source, and blocks the interference source at the leading edge of the product inlet.
  • it can completely resist the strong interference, and can avoid the harm of the smart meter by the interference source.
  • it can make the power line remote meter reading smoother, greatly reducing
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the connection relationship between respective circuits in a power line carrier power amplifying circuit of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram of a power line carrier power amplifying circuit of the present invention.
  • a power line carrier power amplifying circuit includes an enable switch 101 , a low pass filter module 102 , a front stage voltage amplification module 103 , a power amplification module 104 , and a signal coupling according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Module 106 The first end of the enable switch 101 is input with the power supply voltage VCC, the second end of the enable switch 101 is connected to the first end of the front stage voltage amplifying module 103, and the enable switch 101 is further connected with an enable control signal for controlling the power on and off. Input.
  • the first end of the low pass filtering module 102 is connected to the modulated carrier signal input end, and the second end of the low pass filtering module 102 is connected to the second end of the front stage voltage amplifying module 103.
  • the first end of the power amplifying module 104 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, the second end of the power amplifying module 104 is connected to the third end of the front-stage voltage amplifying module 103, and the third end of the power amplifying module 104 is connected to the first end of the signal coupling module 106.
  • the second end of the signal coupling module 106 is connected to the live line L of the power line, and the third end of the signal coupling module 106 is connected to the neutral line N of the power line.
  • the power line carrier power amplifying circuit further includes a band pass filtering module 105.
  • the band pass filtering module 105 is connected between the power amplifying module 104 and the signal coupling module 106.
  • the first end of the band pass filtering module 105 is connected to the third end of the power amplifying module 104.
  • the second end of the band pass filter module 105 is coupled to the first end of the signal coupling module 106.
  • the modulated carrier signal from the chip passes through the low-pass filter module 102 to filter out harmonic components in the signal, and then the voltage is amplified by the pre-stage voltage amplifying module 103. At this time, the amplified signal amplitude is high but the driving capability is high. Poor, with load capacity is weak. Then, the power amplification module 104 performs power amplification on the voltage-amplified signal to enhance the driving capability.
  • the power-amplified signal passes through a band-pass filtering module 105, and the band-pass filtering module 105 performs harmonic components in the amplified signal. After filtering, the pure carrier signal is coupled to the commercial line through the signal coupling module 106 for transmission, thereby modulating the carrier signal to 220V mains.
  • the function of the power line carrier power amplifying circuit is to amplify and then couple the modulated carrier signal sent by the chip to the utility power grid, and the band pass filtering module 105 and the signal coupling module 106 in the power line carrier power amplifying circuit receive the same from the utility power grid.
  • the useful carrier signal of the frequency point is then sent to the chip receiving end for demodulation.
  • the enable switch 101 is normally in an off state, and is in an active state when the carrier is to transmit data.
  • the enable switch 101 is a power supply switch of the pre-stage voltage amplifying module 103 for protecting the power supply and limiting the absorption of the power by the carrier transmission.
  • the enable switch 101 includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R5, a NPN type transistor Q1, a PNP type transistor Q2, and a diode D1.
  • One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the enable control signal input terminal, that is, the front stage enable control signal TX_Enable of the entire power amplifier circuit, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded.
  • the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to the enable control signal input terminal through the resistor R2, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is grounded, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the power supply voltage through the resistor R3 and the resistor R5.
  • VCC The base of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R3, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the first end of the voltage amplifying module 103 of the front stage, that is, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the transistor Q3 through the resistor R6.
  • Collector The capacitor C4, the capacitor C5 and the resistor R7 are connected in parallel, and one end of the parallel connection is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end connected in parallel is grounded.
  • the low pass filtering module 102 includes a capacitor C1, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, and an inductor L1.
  • One end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the modulated carrier signal input end, that is, the modulated carrier signal sent by the chip, Siganl In, the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded.
  • One end of the inductor L1 is connected to the input end of the modulated carrier signal, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the second end of the preamplifier module 103, that is, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q3. pole.
  • One end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the other end of the inductor L1, and the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded.
  • the pre-stage voltage amplifying module 103 includes a resistor R4, a resistor R6, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a capacitor C8, an NPN transistor Q3, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, and a PNP type transistor.
  • Q4 NPN type transistor Q6 and capacitor C2.
  • the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the second end of the low pass filter module 102.
  • the emitter of the transistor Q3 is grounded through a resistor R9 and a capacitor C8.
  • the collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to the second end of the low pass filter module through a resistor R6 and a resistor R4.
  • One end of the resistor R8 is connected to the second end of the low pass filter module 102, and the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded.
  • the base of the transistor Q4 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q3, and the emitter of the transistor Q4 is connected to the second end of the low-pass filter module 102 through the resistor R4, that is, the emitter of the transistor Q4 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R4, the transistor
  • the collector of Q4 is connected to the collector of transistor Q6 through diode D2, and capacitor C3 is connected between the base and collector of transistor Q4.
  • the base of the transistor Q6 is connected to the second end of the low pass filter module 102 through a resistor R10 and a resistor R4, and the emitter of the transistor Q6 is grounded through a resistor R12.
  • the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the base of the transistor Q6, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the anode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D4 is grounded.
  • One end of the resistor R11 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q3, and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the second end of the power amplifying module.
  • the power amplifying module 104 includes an NPN type transistor Q5, a capacitor C9, and a PNP type transistor Q7.
  • the base of the transistor Q5 is connected to the voltage amplifier module of the front stage, the emitter of the transistor Q5 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q7, and the collector of the transistor Q5 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC.
  • the base of the transistor Q7 is connected to the second end of the voltage amplifier module 103 of the front stage, the emitter of the transistor Q7 is connected to one end of the capacitor C9, the collector of the transistor Q7 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C9 is connected to the first end of the band pass filter module 105. .
  • the band pass filter module 105 includes an inductor L2, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, and an inductor L3.
  • One end of the inductor L2 is connected to the third end of the power amplifying module 104, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected to one end of the capacitor C10, and the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected to one end of the inductor L3.
  • One end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C10, and the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the other end of the inductor L3.
  • the signal coupling module 106 includes a capacitor C12, an inductor L4, a coupling coil BT1, and a TVS tube.
  • the capacitor C12 is a safety capacitor for blocking 50 Hz AC.
  • the coupling coil BT1 is used to isolate the mains and carrier low voltage system.
  • One end of the TVS tube is connected to one end of the first coil N1 of the coupling coil BT1, and the other end of the TVS tube is connected to the other end of the first coil N1 of the coupling coil BT1.
  • the other end of the TVS tube is grounded at the same time.
  • One end of the second coil N2 of the coupling coil BT1 is connected to the live line of the power line through the capacitor C12 and the inductor L4, and the other end of the second coil N2 of the coupling coil BT1 is connected to the neutral line N of the power line.
  • the inductance L4 and the safety capacitor C12 are adjusted, and the series resonance is performed at the carrier center frequency point, and the number of turns of the coupling coil BT1 is adjusted.
  • the interference source is viewed from the circuit on the high-voltage side (L-L4-C12-N2-N).
  • the interference signal first passes through the series resonance to the second coil N2 and then returns to the mains. Since the series resonance only presents a low impedance to the center frequency of the carrier useful signal, and a large impedance to the interference signal, and because the second coil N2 has a small number of turns, the inductive reactance is low, so the interference signal is here.
  • the present invention adds a band pass filter module 105 between the power amplifying module 104 and the signal coupling module 106.
  • the inductor L2 and the capacitor C10 on the band pass filter module 105 resonate at the carrier frequency point, presenting a small useful signal signal.
  • the attenuation is strong, and it has a strong hindrance to the out-of-band interference signals, showing a large impedance. Therefore, when the residual interference signal enters the power amplification module 104, a large attenuation is inserted in the middle, and a large current surge loop cannot be formed to block the interference signal from the power amplification module 104.
  • the strong power side adopts the “discharge” method, so that the interference source is greatly attenuated at the front end, and the weak current side adopts the “resistance” mode.
  • the whole circuit exhibits high impedance, so that the interference source has no low-resistance discharge and circulation path. Therefore, a large current surge cannot be formed, and the temperature rise of the device cannot be caused.
  • the enable switch 101, the low-pass filter module 102, the front-stage voltage amplifying module 103, and the power amplifying module 104 may also adopt other circuit forms, for example, using a power amplifier chip (the chip includes a front-stage voltage driving and a power-amplifying portion of the power stage). And a single-supply power line carrier power amplifying circuit that enables the control circuit or a power amplifying circuit that is powered by a dual power supply.
  • the power line carrier power amplifying circuit is not affected by the power amplifier type, is not affected by the type of the interference source, and is not affected by the power line carrier modulation mode, and adopts two methods of “dissipating” and “blocking” to the power grid interference source, and the interference will be
  • the source is blocked at the leading edge of the product inlet to protect the carrier power amplifier circuit. It can resist the impact of strong interference in static (the carrier is not transmitting, in the ready state of receiving), and can also face the impact of strong interference sources.
  • the product device will not be damaged, the temperature rise also meets the temperature rise requirements of the product, and does not affect the power line carrier performance of the original product.
  • the power line carrier power amplifying circuit can To protect the smart meter from damage, it can save a considerable amount of expenses for meter replacement every year. Secondly, it makes the remote meter reading smoother, greatly reduces the workload of after-sales maintenance, and thus greatly reduces the after-sales maintenance cost.

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Abstract

一种电力线载波功率放大电路，包括使能开关、低通滤波模块、前级电压放大模块、功率放大模块和信号耦合模块；使能开关的第一端输入电源电压，其第二输出端连接前级电压放大模块的第一端；低通滤波模块的第一端连接调制载波信号输入端，其第二端连接前级电压放大模块的第二端；功率放大模块的第二端连接前级电压放大模块的第三端，其第三端连接信号耦合模块的第一端；信号耦合模块的第二端连接电力线的火线，其第三端连接电力线的零线。电力线载波功率放大电路适用于电力线载波通信技术，能将干扰源阻挡在产品入口的前缘，以实现对载波功率放大电路的保护。

Description

一种电力线载波功率放大电路 技术领域
本发明涉及电力线载波通信技术，尤其涉及一种电力线载波功率放大电路。
 背景技术
电力线载波通信技术是一种通过市电的供电线路来进行数据通信的技术，此技术将数据调制到一个与市电频率（50Hz或60Hz）不同的正弦波载波上。在电力线载波通信系统中，市电电网上存在各种各样的干扰源，比如，各种劣质开关电源带来的电磁干扰、各种用电设备的启动和停止带来的冲击、各种容性、感性负载的瞬间接入引起负载的变化、电动车充电器充电时产生的干扰等。这些干扰不仅对电力线载波通信的性能造成影响，甚至有些干扰源能直接穿透电力线载波通信产品上的功率放大电路，导致产品的直接烧毁。因此，为了使产品能够抵御各种干扰的冲击而不损坏，同时确保通信效果不受影响，对电力线载波功率放大电路便有了更高的要求。
现有的电力线载波功率放大电路要么采用单电源供电的分立元件OTL（Output Transformer Less，单电源无输出变压器）载波功率放大电路，要么采用音频功放芯片设计的功率放大电路。目前使用的几种功率放大电路在良好的电网环境下能正常工作，但在强干扰源环境下，比如电瓶车充电器的干扰，则会瞬间被热击穿而烧毁。
电力线载波通信技术越来越多的应用到全国智能电表中，实现了电力线远程智能抄表。另一方面电网中强干扰源仍存在并且不断升级，特别是电瓶车在全国的推广应用，尤其在城镇及农村地区，对电力线载波产品造成极大的危害，给各电力局及各厂家带来的售后及维修工作量也是巨大，且严重影响电力线远程智能抄表的推广。针对这种现象，市面上也有一些改良方案的产生，但效果不明显，虽然能抑制一定量的干扰，但电路上的元器件温升会高出产品的温升要求；或者会衍生其他负面影响，比如影响载波发送性能等问题。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种电力线载波功率放大电路，旨在抵御强干扰，使产品在正常工作、免受其害的前提下还能保证载波发送性能。
 技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的，一种电力线载波功率放大电路，包括使能开关、低通滤波模块、前级电压放大模块、功率放大模块和信号耦合模块；
所述使能开关的第一端输入电源电压，所述使能开关的第二端连接所述前级电压放大模块的第一端，所述使能开关还连接用于控制电源通断的使能控制信号输入端；
所述低通滤波模块的第一端连接调制载波信号输入端，所述低通滤波模块的第二端连接所述前级电压放大模块的第二端；
所述功率放大模块的第一端输入所述电源电压，所述功率放大模块的第二端连接所述前级电压放大模块的第三端，所述功率放大模块的第三端连接所述信号耦合模块的第一端；
所述信号耦合模块的第二端连接电力线的火线，所述信号耦合模块的第三端连接电力线的零线。
进一步地，所述电力线载波功率放大电路还包括带通滤波模块，所述带通滤波模块连接在所述功率放大模块和所述信号耦合模块之间，所述带通滤波模块的第一端连接所述功率放大模块的第三端，所述带通滤波模块的第二端连接所述信号耦合模块的第一端。
进一步地，所述使能开关包括：电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R5、NPN型的三极管Q1、PNP型的三极管Q2和二极管D1；
所述电阻R1的一端连接使能控制信号输入端，所述电阻R1的另一端接地；
所述三极管Q1的基极通过所述电阻R2接入所述使能控制信号输入端，所述三极管Q1的发射极接地，所述三极管Q1的集电极连接所述二极管D1的阳极；所述二极管D1的阴极通过所述电阻R3、电阻R5连接所述电源电压；
所述三极管Q2的基极连接所述电阻R3的一端，所述三极管Q2的发射极连接所述电源电压，所述三极管Q2的集电极连接所述前级电压放大模块的第一端。
进一步地，所述低通滤波模块包括电容C1、电容C6、电容C7和电感L1；
所述电容C6的一端接所述调制载波信号输入端，所述电容C6的另一端接地；
所述电感L1的一端接所述调制载波信号输入端，所述电感L1的另一端接所述电容C1的一端；所述电容C1的另一端接所述前级电压放大模块的第二端；
所述电容C7的一端接所述电感L1的另一端，所述电容C7的另一端接地。
进一步地，所述前级电压放大模块包括电阻R4、电阻R6、电阻R8、电阻R9、电容C8、NPN型的三极管Q3、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12、二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4、PNP型的三极管Q4、NPN型的三极管Q6和电容C2；
所述三极管Q3的基极接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述三极管Q3的发射极通过所述电阻R9和所述电容C8接地，所述三极管Q3的集电极通过所述电阻R6和所述电阻R4接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述电阻R8的一端接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述电阻R8的另一端接地；
所述三极管Q4的基极接所述三极管Q3的集电极，所述三极管Q4的发射极通过所述电阻R4接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述三极管Q4的集电极通过所述二极管D2接所述三极管Q6的集电极，所述电容C3连接在所述三极管Q4的基极和集电极之间；
所述三极管Q6的基极通过所述电阻R10和所述电阻R4接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述三极管Q6的发射极通过所述电阻R12接地；
所述二极管D3的阳极接所述三极管Q6的基极，所述二极管D3的阴极接所述二极管D4的阳极，二极管D4的阴极接地；所述电阻R11的一端接所述三极管Q3的发射极，所述电阻R11的另一端接所述功率放大模块的第二端。
进一步地，功率放大模块包括NPN型的三极管Q5、电容C9和PNP型的三极管Q7；
所述三极管Q5的基极接所述前级电压放大模块，所述三极管Q5的发射极接所述三极管Q7的发射极，所述三极管Q5的集电极接所述电源电压；
所述三极管Q7的基极接所述前级电压放大模块的第二端，所述三极管Q7的发射极接所述电容C9的一端，所述三极管Q7的集电极接地，所述电容C9的另一端接所述带通滤波模块的第一端。
进一步地，所述信号耦合模块包括电容C12、电感L4、耦合线圈BT1和TVS管；
所述TVS管的一端接所述耦合线圈BT1中第一线圈N1的一端，所述TVS管的另一端接所述耦合线圈BT1中第一线圈N1的另一端，所述TVS管的另一端同时接地；
所述耦合线圈BT1中第二线圈N2的一端通过所述电容C12和所述电感L4接所述电力线的火线，所述耦合线圈BT1中第二线圈N2的另一端接所述电力线的零线。
进一步地，所述带通滤波模块包括电感L2、电容C10、电容C11和电感L3；
所述电感L2的一端接所述功率放大模块的第三端，所述电感L2的另一端接所述电容C10的一端，所述电容C10的另一端接所述电感L3的一端；
所述电容C11的一端接所述电容C10的另一端，所述电容C11的另一端接所述电感L3的另一端。
 有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比，有益效果在于：所述的电力线载波功率放大电路使用信号耦合模块和带通滤波模块对电网干扰源进行泄和阻，将干扰源阻挡在产品入口的前缘，以实现对载波功率放大电路的保护，既能完全抵御强干扰，又能避免智能电表受干扰源的危害，同时还能使电力线远程抄表更顺畅，极大减少了电力局及厂家的售后维护工作量。
 附图说明
图1是本发明电力线载波功率放大电路中各个电路之间连接关系的框图；
图2是本发明电力线载波功率放大电路的详细电路图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，为本发明一较佳的实施例，一种电力线载波功率放大电路，包括使能开关101、低通滤波模块102、前级电压放大模块103、功率放大模块104和信号耦合模块106。使能开关101的第一端输入电源电压VCC，使能开关101的第二端连接前级电压放大模块103的第一端，使能开关101还连接用于控制电源通断的使能控制信号输入端。低通滤波模块102的第一端连接调制载波信号输入端，低通滤波模块102的第二端连接前级电压放大模块103的第二端。功率放大模块104的第一端输入电源电压VCC，功率放大模块104的第二端连接前级电压放大模块103的第三端，功率放大模块104的第三端连接信号耦合模块106的第一端。信号耦合模块106的第二端连接电力线的火线L，信号耦合模块106的第三端连接电力线的零线N。
电力线载波功率放大电路还包括带通滤波模块105，带通滤波模块105连接在功率放大模块104和信号耦合模块106之间，带通滤波模块105的第一端连接功率放大模块104的第三端，带通滤波模块105的第二端连接信号耦合模块106的第一端。
从芯片出来的调制载波信号经过低通滤波模块102后滤除信号中的谐波成份，再由前级电压放大模块103对信号进行电压放大，此时放大后的信号幅值虽高但驱动能力差，带负载能力弱。再经过功率放大模块104对电压放大后的信号进行功率放大，以增强驱动能力，经过功率放大后的信号会再通过一带通滤波模块105，带通滤波模块105对放大信号中的谐波成份进行滤波处理，再通过信号耦合模块106将纯净的载波信号耦合到市电线上进行传输，从而实现将载波信号调制到220V市电上。电力线载波功率放大电路的功能是将芯片发出的调制载波信号放大然后耦合到市电电网上，同时电力线载波功率放大电路中的带通滤波模块105和信号耦合模块106会从市电电网上接收同频点的有用载波信号，然后送至芯片接收端进行解调。
如图2所示，使能开关101平时处于断开状态，当载波要发送数据时才处于工作状态。使能开关101为前级电压放大模块103的供电开关，用于对电源供电进行保护，限制载波发送对电源功率的吸取。使能开关101包括：电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R5、NPN型的三极管Q1、PNP型的三极管Q2和二极管D1。电阻R1的一端连接使能控制信号输入端，即整个功率放大电路的前级使能控制信号TX_Enable，电阻R1的另一端接地。三极管Q1的基极通过电阻R2接入使能控制信号输入端，三极管Q1的发射极接地，三极管Q1的集电极连接二极管D1的阳极；所述二极管D1的阴极通过电阻R3、电阻R5连接电源电压VCC。三极管Q2的基极连接电阻R3的一端，三极管Q2的发射极连接电源电压VCC，三极管Q2的集电极连接前级电压放大模块103的第一端，即三极管Q2的集电极通过电阻R6连接三极管Q3的集电极。电容C4、电容C5和电阻R7相并联，其并联后的一端接电源电压VCC，其并联后的另一端接地。
低通滤波模块102包括电容C1、电容C6、电容C7和电感L1。电容C6的一端接调制载波信号输入端，即芯片所发出来的调制载波信号Siganl in，电容C6的另一端接地。电感L1的一端接调制载波信号输入端，电感L1的另一端接电容C1的一端；电容C1的另一端接前级电压放大模块103的第二端，即电容C1的另一端接三极管Q3的基极。电容C7的一端接电感L1的另一端，电容C7的另一端接地。
前级电压放大模块103包括电阻R4、电阻R6、电阻R8、电阻R9、电容C8、NPN型的三极管Q3、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12、二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4、PNP型的三极管Q4、NPN型的三极管Q6和电容C2。三极管Q3的基极接低通滤波模块102的第二端，三极管Q3的发射极通过电阻R9和电容C8接地，三极管Q3的集电极通过电阻R6和电阻R4接低通滤波模块的第二端，电阻R8的一端接低通滤波模块102的第二端，电阻R8的另一端接地。三极管Q4的基极接三极管Q3的集电极，三极管Q4的发射极通过电阻R4接低通滤波模块102的第二端，即三极管Q4的发射极通过电阻R4接电容C1的另一端，所述三极管Q4的集电极通过二极管D2接三极管Q6的集电极，电容C3连接在三极管Q4的基极和集电极之间。三极管Q6的基极通过电阻R10和电阻R4接低通滤波模块102的第二端，三极管Q6的发射极通过电阻R12接地。二极管D3的阳极接三极管Q6的基极，二极管D3的阴极接二极管D4的阳极，二极管D4的阴极接地。电阻R11的一端接三极管Q3的发射极，电阻R11的另一端接功率放大模块的第二端。
功率放大模块104包括NPN型的三极管Q5、电容C9和PNP型的三极管Q7。三极管Q5的基极接前级电压放大模块，三极管Q5的发射极接三极管Q7的发射极，三极管Q5的集电极接电源电压VCC。三极管Q7的基极接前级电压放大模块103的第二端，三极管Q7的发射极接电容C9的一端，三极管Q7的集电极接地，电容C9的另一端接带通滤波模块105的第一端。
带通滤波模块105包括电感L2、电容C10、电容C11和电感L3。电感L2的一端接功率放大模块104的第三端，电感L2的另一端接电容C10的一端，电容C10的另一端接电感L3的一端。电容C11的一端接电容C10的另一端，电容C11的另一端接电感L3的另一端。
信号耦合模块106包括电容C12、电感L4、耦合线圈BT1和TVS管。所述电容C12为安规电容，用于阻市电50HZ交流。所述耦合线圈BT1用于隔离市电与载波低压系统。TVS管的一端接耦合线圈BT1中第一线圈N1的一端，TVS管的另一端接耦合线圈BT1中第一线圈N1的另一端， TVS管的另一端同时接地。耦合线圈BT1中第二线圈N2的一端通过电容C12和电感L4接电力线的火线，耦合线圈BT1中第二线圈N2的另一端接电力线的零线N。
在信号耦合电路中，调节电感L4与安规电容C12，让其串联谐振在载波中心频点上，同时调整耦合线圈BT1的线圈匝数。干扰源从强电侧的回路（L-L4-C12-N2-N）来看，干扰信号先通过串联谐振再到第二线圈N2，然后返回到市电上。由于串联谐振只对载波有用信号的中心频率呈现低阻抗，而对干扰信号来说会呈现较大的阻抗，另外，由于第二线圈N2匝数少，呈现的感抗低，因此干扰信号在此处会得到比较大的衰减，剩余的干扰信号会再经过BT1耦合到弱电系统一侧。进入弱电侧的干扰信号经过TVS管的箝位及电感L3和电容C11的并联谐振更进一步吸收后，依然会有一部分残留干扰信号进入功率放大模块104。由于某些干扰源能直接穿透功率放大模块104中的三极管，进而会产生一条大电流、低阻抗的回路，会造成功率放大模块上的三极管发热并烧毁的现象。本发明在功率放大模块104与信号耦合模块106之间加入了带通滤波模块105，带通滤波模块105上的电感L2和电容C10谐振在载波频点上，对有用的载波信号呈现出很小的衰减，而对频带外的干扰信号有较强的阻碍作用，呈现出较大的阻抗。因此，残留干扰信号在进入功率放大模块104时，相当于中间插入一个大的衰减，无法形成大电流冲击回路，以实现将干扰信号阻挡在功率放大模块104之外。对于干扰源，强电侧采用“泄”的方式，让干扰源在前端先大幅衰减，弱电侧采用“阻”的方式，整个电路呈现高阻抗，让干扰源没有低阻的泄放流通路径，从而无法形成大电流冲击、无法造成器件温升。
使能开关101、低通滤波模块102、前级电压放大模块103和功率放大模块104部分还可以采用其它的电路形式，比如，采用功放芯片（芯片内包含前级电压驱动及后级功率放大部分及使能控制电路）的单电源电力线载波功率放大电路，或者采用双电源供电的功率放大电路。
所述的电力线载波功率放大电路不受功放类型的影响、不受干扰源类型的影响、不受电力线载波调制方式的影响，对电网干扰源采取“泄”和“阻”两种方式，将干扰源阻挡在产品入口的前缘，以实现对载波功率放大电路的保护，既能在静态（载波不发送、处于接收准备状态时）抵御强干扰的冲击，也能在面对强干扰源的冲击时，继续启动载波抄表工作，完全不受强干扰源的影响，产品器件也不会损坏、温升也满足产品的温升要求，同时也不影响原有产品的电力线载波性能。
从经济效益来看，所述的电力线载波功率放大电路能 使智能电表免受损坏，每年能省一笔相当巨大的电表更换的支出费用；其次，使远程抄表更加顺畅，大大地减少了售后维护的工作量，进而大幅度的降低了售后维护成本。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种电力线载波功率放大电路，其特征在于，包括使能开关、低通滤波模块、前级电压放大模块、功率放大模块和信号耦合模块；
    所述使能开关的第一端输入电源电压，所述使能开关的第二端连接所述前级电压放大模块的第一端，所述使能开关还连接用于控制电源通断的使能控制信号输入端；
    所述低通滤波模块的第一端连接调制载波信号输入端，所述低通滤波模块的第二端连接所述前级电压放大模块的第二端；
    所述功率放大模块的第一端输入所述电源电压，所述功率放大模块的第二端连接所述前级电压放大模块的第三端，所述功率放大模块的第三端连接所述信号耦合模块的第一端；
    所述信号耦合模块的第二端连接电力线的火线，所述信号耦合模块的第三端连接电力线的零线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电力线载波功率放大电路，其特征在于，所述电力线载波功率放大电路还包括带通滤波模块，所述带通滤波模块连接在所述功率放大模块和所述信号耦合模块之间，所述带通滤波模块的第一端连接所述功率放大模块的第三端，所述带通滤波模块的第二端连接所述信号耦合模块的第一端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电力线载波功率放大电路，其特征在于，所述使能开关包括：电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R5、NPN型的三极管Q1、PNP型的三极管Q2和二极管D1；
    所述电阻R1的一端连接使能控制信号输入端，所述电阻R1的另一端接地；
    所述三极管Q1的基极通过所述电阻R2接入所述使能控制信号输入端，所述三极管Q1的发射极接地，所述三极管Q1的集电极连接所述二极管D1的阳极；所述二极管D1的阴极通过所述电阻R3、电阻R5连接所述电源电压；
    所述三极管Q2的基极连接所述电阻R3的一端，所述三极管Q2的发射极连接所述电源电压，所述三极管Q2的集电极连接所述前级电压放大模块的第一端。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电力线载波功率放大电路，其特征在于，所述低通滤波模块包括电容C1、电容C6、电容C7和电感L1；
    所述电容C6的一端接所述调制载波信号输入端，所述电容C6的另一端接地；
    所述电感L1的一端接所述调制载波信号输入端，所述电感L1的另一端接所述电容C1的一端；所述电容C1的另一端接所述前级电压放大模块的第二端；
    所述电容C7的一端接所述电感L1的另一端，所述电容C7的另一端接地。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电力线载波功率放大电路，其特征在于，所述前级电压放大模块包括电阻R4、电阻R6、电阻R8、电阻R9、电容C8、NPN型的三极管Q3、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12、二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4、PNP型的三极管Q4、NPN型的三极管Q6和电容C2；
    所述三极管Q3的基极接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述三极管Q3的发射极通过所述电阻R9和所述电容C8接地，所述三极管Q3的集电极通过所述电阻R6和所述电阻R4接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述电阻R8的一端接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述电阻R8的另一端接地；
    所述三极管Q4的基极接所述三极管Q3的集电极，所述三极管Q4的发射极通过所述电阻R4接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述三极管Q4的集电极通过所述二极管D2接所述三极管Q6的集电极，所述电容C3连接在所述三极管Q4的基极和集电极之间；
    所述三极管Q6的基极通过所述电阻R10和所述电阻R4接所述低通滤波模块的第二端，所述三极管Q6的发射极通过所述电阻R12接地；
    所述二极管D3的阳极接所述三极管Q6的基极，所述二极管D3的阴极接所述二极管D4的阳极，二极管D4的阴极接地；所述电阻R11的一端接所述三极管Q3的发射极，所述电阻R11的另一端接所述功率放大模块的第二端。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电力线载波功率放大电路，其特征在于，功率放大模块包括NPN型的三极管Q5、电容C9和PNP型的三极管Q7；
    所述三极管Q5的基极接所述前级电压放大模块，所述三极管Q5的发射极接所述三极管Q7的发射极，所述三极管Q5的集电极接所述电源电压；
    所述三极管Q7的基极接所述前级电压放大模块的第二端，所述三极管Q7的发射极接所述电容C9的一端，所述三极管Q7的集电极接地，所述电容C9的另一端接所述带通滤波模块的第一端。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电力线载波功率放大电路，其特征在于，所述信号耦合模块包括电容C12、电感L4、耦合线圈BT1和TVS管；
    所述TVS管的一端接所述耦合线圈BT1中第一线圈N1的一端，所述TVS管的另一端接所述耦合线圈BT1中第一线圈N1的另一端，所述TVS管的另一端同时接地；
    所述耦合线圈BT1中第二线圈N2的一端通过所述电容C12和所述电感L4接所述电力线的火线，所述耦合线圈BT1中第二线圈N2的另一端接所述电力线的零线。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的电力线载波功率放大电路，其特征在于，所述带通滤波模块包括电感L2、电容C10、电容C11和电感L3；
    所述电感L2的一端接所述功率放大模块的第三端，所述电感L2的另一端接所述电容C10的一端，所述电容C10的另一端接所述电感L3的一端；
    所述电容C11的一端接所述电容C10的另一端，所述电容C11的另一端接所述电感L3的另一端。
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